2025年中考英语满分冲刺之易错题轻松突破
易错点04 定语从句
定语从句概念：
定语从句，也被叫做形容词性从句，它的作用是修饰句子里的名词或者代词。在功能上，它类似于一个形容词，能够对先行词（被定语从句修饰的词）进行进一步描述，从而让句子表意更加丰富、精准。
构成要素
先行词：也就是被定语从句修饰的名词或代词，它可以是一个简单的名词，像 “book” “student” 等，也能是一个短语，例如 “the man in the hat”。
关系词：起到引导定语从句的作用，同时它还在从句里充当一定的句子成分。常见的关系词有 “who” “whom” “whose” “which” “that” “when” “where” “why” 等。
示例
例句：The girl who is wearing a red dress is my sister.（那个穿着红色连衣裙的女孩是我的姐姐 / 妹妹。）
解析：在这个句子里，“the girl” 是先行词，“who is wearing a red dress” 是定语从句，用来对 “the girl” 进行修饰。“who” 作为关系词，在从句中充当主语，指的是 “the girl”。
分类
限定性定语从句：对先行词起到必要的限定作用，要是去掉这个从句，句子的意思就会不完整或者发生改变。此类从句和主句之间不用逗号隔开。例如：The students who study hard will pass the exam.（努力学习的学生将会通过考试。）
非限定性定语从句：对先行词进行补充说明，就算去掉，也不会影响句子的主要意思。它和主句之间用逗号隔开。例如：My mother, who is a teacher, loves her job.（我的妈妈是一名老师，她热爱她的工作。）
关系词的选用
关系代词 指代 在定从中所作成分 例句
which 物 主语 宾语 Lucy likes music which is gentle.
that 人、物 主语 宾语 Lucy likes music that is gentle. The girl that has long hair is his sister.
who 人 主语 宾语 The girl who has long hair is his sister.
whom 人 宾语 He is the student that/who/whom I like best.
whose 人的、物的 定语 I like those books whose topics are about history.
注意：关系代词that/who/which/whom在定从中作宾语时可省略，作主语时不能省略
如：The cartoons (that/which)I like have lots of jokes. 我喜欢的卡通有很多笑话。
The film (that/which) we saw last night is interesting. 我们昨天看的电影非常有趣。
1．（2023·西藏·统考中考真题）Su Bingtian is a player ________ runs fastest in China at present.
A．which B．who C．what D．where
【答案】B
【详解】句意：苏炳添是目前中国跑得最快的运动员。考查定语从句。根据语境，题干设空后是一个定语从句，先行词指人，空处作主语，因此应用who作关系词。故选B。
2．（2023·新疆·中考真题）Lots of Chinese young people ___________ were born after 1995 use door-to-door cooking to save time.
A．that B．those C．which D．/
【答案】A
【详解】句意：为了节省时间，很多95后的中国年轻人都采用上门做饭的方式。考查定语从句引导词。that引导定语从句时，先行词是人/物，在句中作主语或宾语；those那些，指示代词；which引导定语从句时，先行词是物，在句中作主语或宾语；/不填。空后“...were born after 1995”在句中作定语修饰名词，先行词Chinese young people，指人，且空处在句中作主语，所以用who引导，故选A。
3．（2023·吉林·统考中考真题）The students are reading books ________ are full of the “red spirit” these days.
A．who B．where C．which
【答案】C
【详解】句意：这些天，学生们正在读充满“红色精神”的书。考查定语从句。who谁；where哪儿；which哪个。本句含定语从句，先行词books指物，引导词在从句中作主语，故选C。
4．（2023·湖南株洲·统考中考真题）Today’s China is a country ________ keeps to this national character.
A．what B．who C．that
【答案】C
【详解】句意：今天的中国是一个保持这种民族性的国家。考查定语从句。此处是定语从句，先行词是“a country”，指物，引导词在从句中作主语，故选C。
5．（2022·黑龙江牡丹江·统考中考真题）— Jeff, what are you watching
— A short video about Zhang Guimei ________ stories move me deeply.
A．who B．whom C．whose
【答案】C
【详解】句意：——杰夫，你在看什么？——一个关于张桂梅的短视频，她的故事深深打动了我。考查定语从句。who指人，在从句中作主语或宾语；whom指人，在从句中作宾语；whose指人或物，在从句中作定语。从句成分完整，此处指的是张桂梅的故事，应用whose作定语，故选C。
6．（2022·福建·模拟预测）A true friend reaches for your hand and touches your heart. I will never forget all the teachers and friends with ________ I spent four years.
A．who B．whom C．whose
【答案】B
【详解】句意：一个真正的朋友是向你伸出手，并触动你心灵。我永远不会忘记与我共度四年时光的所有老师和朋友。考查定语从句。根据句子结构，该句为定语从句，先行词为“teachers and friends”，指人，且空格前为介词“with”，故空格处应填who的宾格whom。故选B。
关系代词只能用that的情况
(1)当先行词同时指人和物时，关系代词只能用that
如: My father and his teacher talked a lot about the persons and things that they couldn’t remember.
(2)当先行词是all(指物), much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none 等不定代词时，关系代词只能用that.
如: Say all that you know/ Is there anything that I can do for you
(3)当先行词有the one, the very, the only, the same 等修饰词时，关系代词只能用that,不能用which(指人时可以用who).
如：That’s the only thing that I can do now. /These are the very(adj.恰好的) words that he used.
(4)当先行词被序数词、最高级等词修饰时，关系代词只能用that.
如：This is the first play that I have seen since I came here. This is the best novel that I have read.
(5)当主句是who或which 引导的特殊疑问句时，而中心词指人或物时，关系代词只能用that.
如：Which is the machine that we used last Sunday
1．（2023·黑龙江牡丹江·统考中考真题）If we study hard with big dreams, there is nothing ________ can’t be achieved.
A．who B．that C．whom
【答案】B
【详解】句意：如果我们怀着远大的梦想努力学习，没有什么是不能实现的。考查定语从句。此处是定语从句，先行词是nothing，引导词在从句中作主语，只能用that引导。故选B。
2．（2023·四川达州·统考中考真题）—The Lifelong Journey is one of the most touching books ________ I have ever read.
—Yeah, the book is fantastic and I am looking forward to ________ it again.
A．that, reading B．which, to read C．that, to read
【答案】A
【详解】句意：——《人世间》是我读过的最感人的书之一。——是的，这本书很棒，我期待着再读一遍。考查定语从句和非谓语动词。第一处是定语从句，有最高级修饰先行词，只能用that，排除B；look forward to doing sth“期待做某事”。故选A。
3．（2022·湖北恩施·统考中考真题）China is the first nation ________ sent Chang’e Ⅳ to the far side of the moon.
A．which B．that C．who
【答案】B
【详解】句意：中国是第一个将嫦娥Ⅳ发射到月球背面的国家。考查定语从句。which关系代词，先行词指物，在从句中作主语或宾语；that关系代词，先行词指物或人，在从句中作主语或宾语；who关系代词，先行词指人，在从句中作主语或宾语；句子先行词是nation，在句中作主语，且先行词被序数词修饰，此处关系代词用that，故选B。
4．（2022·黑龙江绥化·统考中考真题）I can’t forget the teachers and the university ________ I visited two years ago. They bring me many sweet memories.
A．that B．which C．what
【答案】A
【详解】句意：我不能忘记两年前我参观的老师和大学。它们给我带来了许多甜蜜的回忆。考查定语从句关系代词辨析。此处是定语从句，先行词既有人又有物，引导词在从句中作宾语，关系代词只能用that。故选A。
5．（2023·辽宁沈阳·统考三模）This is the only book ________ I find useful.
A．which B．that C．who D．whose
【答案】B
【详解】句意：这是我发现的唯一有用的书。考查定语从句。which关系代词，指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语；that关系代词，指人或指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语；who关系代词，指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语；whose关系代词，在定语从句中作定语。根据the only可知，当先行词被the only修饰时， 关系词只能用that。故选B。
6．（2023·内蒙古呼伦贝尔·统考一模）—Who do you think is the girl ________ did the best in the 2021 Beijing Winter Olympics.
—Of course, Gu Ailing.
A．who B．whose C．whom D．that
【答案】D
【详解】句意：——你认为2021北京冬奥会上表现最好的女孩是谁。——当然是谷爱凌了。考查定语从句。who谁；whose谁的；whom谁，who的宾格；that用于某些动词、形容词和名词后，引出从句。根据“Who do you think is the girl …did the best in the 2021 Beijing Winter Olympics.”可知，此处为定语从句，先行词为the girl，指人，使用that或者who引导，当主句是以who开头的特殊疑问句时，引导词只能用that。故选D。
关系代词只能用which的情况
1)引导词前有介词
如：The school campus in which we study every day is beautiful. 我们学习的校园很漂亮。
(2)在非限制性定从中用which, 不用that
如：The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.(不可用that)
1．To enter a good high school, we shouldn’t only study the subjects in ________ we are interested.
A．that B．who C．which
【答案】C
【详解】句意：为了进入一所好的高中，我们不应该仅仅学习我们感兴趣的科目。考查定语从句关系词。句子的先行词the subjects“科目”为“物”，而空前有介词，关系词只能用which，故选C。
2．（2022·黑龙江哈尔滨·哈尔滨市第四十七中学校考一模）It’s impossible for anyone to take the sovereignty(主权)over Taiwan Island away from China, ________ has been part of China since ancient times .
A．where B．that C．which
【答案】C
【详解】句意：任何人都不可能把台湾岛的主权从中国手中夺走，台湾自古以来就是中国的一部分。考查定语从句。which关系代词，先行词指物，在从句中作主语或宾语，可以引导非限制性定语从句；that关系代词，先行词指物或人，在从句中作主语或宾语，不可以引导非限制性定语从句；where关系副词，先行词指地点，在从句中作状语；句子先行词是物，且在从句中作主语；而句子是非限制性定语从句，应用which引导，故选C。
3．（2022秋·广东广州·九年级广州市第六十五中学校考阶段练习）Injun Joe killed the doctor with a knife, ________ was put in Muff’s hand.
A．/ B．which C．who D．what
【答案】B
【详解】句意：印江乔用放在穆夫手里的刀杀死了医生。考查定语从句连接词辨析。根据“a knife”可知，先行词是物，关系词在从句中作主语，引导非限制性定语从句应用which引导。故选B。
4．（2022秋·广东江门·九年级校联考期中）I really enjoyed my stay in Xi’an, ________ is indeed worth ________ second visit.
A．which; a B．which; the C．that; the D．that; a
【答案】A
【详解】句意：我在西安的停留非常愉快，这座城市确实值得再访。考查定语从句和冠词的用法。a一个，不定冠词，表示泛指；the这个，定冠词，表示特指。根据“… is indeed worth … second visit.”可知，去掉此句不影响整体意思的表达，为非限制性定语从句，第一空应填入一个关系代词作为在定语从句中做主语，指代先行词“Xi’an”，因此应填 which；第二空应填入一个不定冠词a，构成“a+序数词”，表示“再一次”。故选A。
定语从句中的主谓一致
关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句中的谓语动词在人称和数方面应该与先行词保持一致。其中，“one of+复数名词” 作先行词时，谓语动词用复数形式。”the one of/the only one of+复数名词”时，谓语动词用单数形式。
如：He is the man who / that lives next door. 他就是住在隔壁的那个男人。
He is one of the students in his class who have been to Germany.他是班上去过德国的学生之一。
1．He is the only one of the boys who ________ the piano well.
A．plays B．play C．playing D．are playing
【答案】A
【详解】句意：他是这些男孩中唯一一个钢琴弹得好的。考查动词第三人称单数。play the piano弹钢琴；句子是定语从句，先行词是the only one，而不是the boys，所以谓语动词应该用单数形式，故选A。
2．（2021·辽宁朝阳·统考中考真题）—Have you heard of the story of Mulan
—Of course. Mulan is a brave girl ________ her father’s place to fight in the army.
A．whom take B．that take C．which takes D．who takes
【答案】D
【详解】句意：——你听说过木兰的故事吗？——当然。木兰是一个勇敢的女孩，她代替父亲参军。考查定语从句和主谓一致。whom关系代词，指人，在从句中作宾语；that关系代词，指人或物，在从句中作主语或宾语；which关系代词，指物，在从句中作主语或宾语；who关系代词，指人，在从句中作主语；句子是定语从句，先行词是girl，指人，在从句中作主语，应用who/that引导定语从句，先行词是单数名词，从句谓语动词应用三单形式，故选D。
3．（2020·内蒙古·统考中考真题）The photo________ taken by my classmate last week is very nice.
A．which were B．that is C．that were D．which was
【答案】D
【详解】句意：我同学上周拍的这张照片非常漂亮。考查定语从句和时态。根据“last week”可知，此处用一般过去时，排除B项，此处定语从句缺少主语，引导词作主语，因此定语从句的谓语根据先行词来判断，先行词the photo是第三人称单数，定语从句的谓语用第三人称单数形式，故选D。
4．（2021·全国·九年级专题练习）Mr. Smith is one of the foreign experts who ________ in China.
A．works B．is working C．are working D．has been working
【答案】C
【详解】句意：史密斯先生是正在中国工作的外国专家之一。考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，experts是先行词，为复数形式，所以定语从句的谓语动词或助动词应为复数形式，C选项中的助动词为复数形式“are”。故选C。
5．（2022·辽宁朝阳·统考中考真题）—What kind of movies do you like
—I prefer movies _________ me something to think about.
A．whom give B．who gives C．which give D．that gives
【答案】C
【详解】句意：——你喜欢什么类型的电影？——我更喜欢能让我思考的电影。考查定语从句。whom指人，在从句中作宾语；who指人，在从句中作主语或宾语；which指物，在从句中作主语或宾语；that指人或物，在从句中作主语或宾语。此处的先行词为movies，表示物，排除AB选项，又因先行词是复数，从句谓语动词应用动词原形，故选C。
A组 中考真题
1．（2024 乐山）﹣I'll never forget the experiences we had in the volunteer work last summer.
﹣Me too.The 3 days were meaningful and full of fun.（ ）
A．when B．who C．that
2．（2024 遂宁）﹣What kind of movies do you like best？
﹣I like the movies____make me feel happy and relaxed.（ ）
A．what B．which C．who D．/
3．（2024 呼和浩特）Some people think that success is only for those with talent or those____grow up in the right family，while others believe that success mostly comes down to hard work.（ ）
A．who B． whose C．which D． whom
4．（2024 牡丹江）The "Kemusan" dance is an eye﹣catching dance performance ______ is quite popular these days.（ ）
A． who B． which C． whose
5．（2024 长春） As a science lover，I hope I can invent a bike ___________can fly in the sky.（ ）
A． where B． when C． which D． who
6．（2024 临夏州）A true friend is a person_____can help you when you are in trouble.（ ）
A．who B．whom C．whose D．which
7．（2024 西藏）Although my grandfather is over 90 years old，he still remembers the people he met when he was young.（ ）
A．who B．when C．where D．which
8．（2024 泸州）A true friend is a person will always be there to share your laughter and tears.（ ）
A．what B．which C．who D．whom
9．（2024 兴安盟）In difficult times，there are always national heroes ______ step up and bring people hope.（ ）
A．whom B．who C．which D．whose
答案解析
1.【答案】C
【分析】﹣我永远不会忘记去年夏天我们在志愿者工作中的经历。
﹣我也是。那三天很有意义，充满乐趣。
【解答】when当......的时候；who谁；that那。根据语境，可知后面"we had in the volunteer work last summer"（我们去年夏天参加的志愿者工作所拥有）是定语从句，修饰前面先行词"the experiences"（经历），先行词是事物，在从句中做had的宾语，关系代词用that或which。故选：C。
2．【答案】B
【分析】﹣你最喜欢什么类型的电影？
﹣我喜欢那些让我感到快乐和放松的电影。
【解答】what什么，不引导定语从句；which哪个，先行词通常是事物；who谁，先行词通常是人。/不填。定语从句先行词是movies"电影"，用which引导。故选：B。
3．【答案】A
【分析】有些人认为成功只属于那些有天赋的人或者成长在合适家庭的人，而其他人则相信成功主要取决于努力工作。
【解答】who谁，引导定语从句时，先行词是人，在定语从句中充当主语；whose谁的；which哪一个；whom谁，在定语从句中充当宾语。本句的先行词是those（那些人），是指人的，定语从句缺少主语，所以用who引导定语从句。故选：A。
4．【答案】B
【分析】"Kemusan"舞蹈是一种非常引人注目的舞蹈表演，这些天来非常受欢迎。
【解答】who关系代词，指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。which关系代词，指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语；whose关系代词，指人或物的，在定语从句中作定语。在这里，"which"引导的定语从句修饰先行词"dance"，因为"dance"是指物，所以使用"which"。故选：B。
5．【答案】C
【分析】作为一个科学爱好者，我希望我能发明一辆能在天空中飞行的自行车。
【解答】题干包含定语从句。先行词是bike，空格处需填一个在定语从句中作主语且指代物的关系代词。where在定语从句中作地点状语；when在引导的定语从句中作时间状语；which在定语从句中作主语或宾语，指代物；who在定语从句中作主语或宾语，指代人。故选：C。
6．【答案】A
【分析】一个真正的朋友是一个在你遇到困难时能够帮助你的人。
【解答】who引导定语从句，先行词是人，在从句中作主语或者宾语；whom引导定语从句，先行词为人，在从句中作宾语；whose引导定语从句，先行词为人或者物，在从句中作定语；which引导定语从句，先行词为物，在从句中作主语或者宾语。分析句子可知，本句是定语从句，先行词是person（人），关系词在从句中作主语，用who引导定语从句。故选：A。
7．【答案】A
【分析】虽然我的祖父已经90多岁了，但他仍然记得他年轻时遇到的人。
【解答】who谁，指人；when什么时候；where在哪里；which哪一个。根据he still remembers the people"他仍然记得那些人"可知，定语从句用who引导，修饰先行词people，作宾语。故选：A。
8．【答案】C
【分析】真正的朋友是总是在那里和你分享喜悦和泪水的人。
【解答】A什么，引导名词性从句；B关系代词，指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语；C关系代词，指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语；D关系代词，指人，在定语从句中作宾语。先行词是person，指人，在定语从句中作主语。故选：C。
9．【答案】B
【分析】在困难时期，总会有民族英雄挺身而出，给人们带来希望。
【解答】A谁，定语从句关系词，作宾语；B谁，定语从句关系词，现行词是人；C哪一个，定语从句关系词，先行词是物；D谁的，定语从句关系词，作定语。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导一个定语从句，修饰先行词heroes，且在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词who来引导该从句。故选：B。
B组 最新模拟题
1．（2025 郫都区模拟）As the old saying goes，anyone ______ makes no mistakes makes nothing.（ ）
A． which B．whom C． that
2．（2024 射洪市校级二模）Chengdu is a big city in we can learn ancient Shu culture and enjoy modern life in.（ ）
A．which B．who C．that D．whom
3．（2024 凉州区三模）—What kind of books do you prefer？
—I prefer the ones me something to think about.（ ）
A．that gives B．which give
C．what give
4．（2024 尤溪县校级模拟）I really like the family photo we took on my grandfather's 80th birthday.（ ）
A．who B．that C．what
5．（2024 五华区校级三模）I have become good friends with some of the students in my school I met in the English speech contest last year.（ ）
A．which B．where C．whom D．whose
6．（2024 南岗区校级二模） I'd like to express my thanks to everyone served the community.（ ）
A．which B．who C．where
7．（2024 张家川县二模）—Do yo remember the beautiful teacher you met on your first day？
—Of course.She was kind to us，saying"Hello"with a smile in the hall.（ ）
A．that B．whose C．which D．what
8．（2024 秦安县三模）Tu Youyou is the first Chinese____won the Nobel Prize in science.（ ）
A．whom B．which C．who D．whose
9．（2024 南岗区校级模拟）Not every child watches this video will become a scientist，but some may become interested in science.（ ）
A．whom B．who C．which
10．（2024 武威二模）Jack really likes the picture_____you drew the day before yesterday.（ ）
A．whom B．who C．which D．what
11．（2024 武威二模）Behind each door you open are chances to learn new things.（ ）
A．that B．what C．when D．where
12．（2024 菏泽二模）Success will belong to those never say "impossible".（ ）
A．whom B．what C．who
13．（2024 临洮县二模） Linda is my best friend _______ always gives me a hand when I get into trouble.（ ）
A．what B．that C．when D．which
14．（2024 天祝县三模）The two boys play the piano well are my cousins.（ ）
A．which B．what C．whom D．who
15．（2024 鄂伦春自治旗一模）When I have difficulty in learning English，my teacher Miss Chen always gives me some advice can be useful.（ ）
A．that B．what C．who D．whose
16．（2024 凉山州模拟） I love movies me something to think about.（ ）
A．which gives B．that give
C．who gives
17．（2024 沙湾区模拟）The museum is free for people has a long history.（ ）
A．/ B．who C．which
18．（2024 黄山二模）I'll never forget my classmates in high school used to give me a hand when I was in trouble.（ ）
A．who B．whom C．which D．what
19．（2024 肇东市模拟） The Yangtze River is the first longest river lies in China.（ ）
A．which B．what C．that
20．（2024 玄武区校级模拟）It was not until they arrived at the small village ______ they wanted to walk the dog ______ they found the dog missing．（ ）
A．where， when B．that， when
C．that， where D．where， that
答案解析
1.【答案】C
【分析】正如古老的谚语所说，任何不犯错误的人将一事无成。
【解答】A.which，关系代词，引导先行词指物的定语从句；B.whom，关系代词，引导先行词指人的定语从句，且在从句中作宾语；C.that，关系代词，引导先行词指人或物的定语从句。本题先行词anyone（任何人）指人，关系代词在从句中作主语，考虑用that引导。故选：C。
2． 【答案】A
【分析】成都是一个大城市，在这里我们可以学习古老的蜀文化和享受现代生活。
【解答】which先行词为物；who先行词为人；that先行词为物/人；whom先行词为人。此处先行词是city，指物，且结合介词in，可知此处是"介词+which"引导的定语从句。故选：A。
3． 【答案】B
【分析】—你喜欢什么样的书？
—我更喜欢那些能让我思考一些东西的书。
【解答】that关系代词，修饰人或物；which关系代词，修饰物；what不能引导定语从句。定语从句的先行词是ones，指代复数名词"books"，是表示物品的名词，在从句中作主语，故选择修饰物的关系代词，故排除C；先行词是复数，动词give应用原形。故选：B。
4．【答案】B
【分析】我真的很喜欢我们在我爷爷80岁生日时拍的那张全家福。
【解答】who引导先行词是人的定语从句；that引导先行词是人或者物的定语从句，what不能引导定语从句。此句中先行词photo（照片）是物，用that引导定语从句。故选：B。
5．【答案】C
【分析】我已经和我们学校的一些我在去年的英语演讲竞赛中遇见的学生成为了好朋友。
【解答】定语从句I met in the English speech contest last year中，明显在谓语动词met后面缺少表示sb.的宾语，可以排除A.which；先行词是some of the students，且在从句中met缺少宾语，所以可以排除关系副词where；whose作定语后接名词，而空格后是从句的主语I，所以排除D.whose。故选：C。
6．【答案】B
【分析】我想向每一位为社区服务的人表示感谢。
【解答】A.代词，指代物；B.代词，指代人；C.副词，表示"地点"。根据"I'd like to express my thanks to everyone…served the community.（我想向每一位为社区服务......人表示感谢。）"可知，此句是定语从句，先行词是everyone，不定代词，指人，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who来引导定语从句。故选：B。
7．【答案】A
【分析】—你还记得你在第一天遇到的那位漂亮老师吗？
—当然记得。她对我们很友好，在大厅里微笑着和我们打招呼。
【解答】that引导定语从句，先行词为人或物，在从句中作主语或宾语；whose引导定语从句，先行词为人或物，在从句中作定语；which引导定语从句，先行词为物，在从句中作主语或宾语；what不引导定语从句。根据"Do yo remember the beautiful teacher…you met on your first day？"（你还记得你在第一天遇到的那位漂亮老师吗？）可知，此处应用定语从句，先行词为"teacher"，应用that引导定语从句。故选：A。
8．【答案】C
【分析】屠呦呦是第一个获得诺贝尔科学奖的中国人。
【解答】先行词first Chinese是人，在定语从句中作主语，用关系代词who引导定语从句。故选：C。
9．【答案】B
【分析】不是每个观看这段视频的孩子都会成为科学家，但有些孩子可能会对科学产生兴趣。
【解答】"Not every child...watches this video" 是一个定语从句，用来修饰先行词 "child"。在这个定语从句中，"watches this video" 是谓语部分，从句缺少主语。A 选项 whom：whom 在定语从句中只能作宾语，不能作主语，所以 A 选项不符合要求。B 选项 who：who 在定语从句中可作主语或宾语，这里修饰先行词 "child（指人）" 且在从句中作主语，符合语法规则。C 选项 which：which 用来修饰先行词是物的情况，而这里先行词是 "child（人）"，所以 C 选项不正确。故选：B。
10．【答案】C
【分析】杰克真的很喜欢你前天画的那幅画。
【解答】whom谁，宾格，定语从句关系词；who谁，主格，定语从句关系词；which定语从句关系词；what什么。先行词是the picture指物，关系词用which，在定语从句中作宾语。故选：C。
11．【答案】A
【分析】在你打开的每扇门后面，都是学习新事物的机会。
【解答】在定语从句中，that指人或物；when指地点；where指地点。根据空前和空后结构可知，定语从句是"door"，关系代词用that。故选：A。
12．【答案】C
【分析】成功将属于那些从不说"不可能"的人。
【解答】whom谁，作宾语；what什么，不引导定语从句；who谁，作主/宾语。定语从句先行词为those（那些），指人，且关系词在从句中作主语，应用who引导。故选：C。
13． 【答案】B
【分析】琳达是我最好的朋友，当我遇到麻烦时她总是帮助我。
【解答】A.what什么；B.that无实义，关系代词，代指主语或者宾语，指人或者物；C.when指代时间，关系副词；D.which关系代词，代指主语或者宾语，指物。根据分析句子"Linda is my best friend…always gives me a hand when I get into trouble.（琳达是我最好的朋友，当我遇到麻烦时她总是帮助我。）"可知，先行词是friend，从句缺主语，所以此处应该填入that。故选：B。
14．【答案】D
【分析】那两个钢琴弹得很好的男孩是我的表兄弟。
【解答】which引导定语从句，先行词为物；what什么；whom引导定语从句，先行词是人，在从句中作宾语；who引导定语从句，先行词是人，在从句中作主语或者宾语；根据The two boys…play the piano well are my cousins.（那两个男孩......钢琴弹得很好是我的表兄弟。）可知，句子是定语从句，先行词The two boys（那两个男孩）指人，从句中作主语，因此关系词用who。故选：D。
15．【答案】A
【分析】当我在学习英语遇到困难时，我的老师陈小姐总是给我一些有用的建议。
【解答】A. "that"在定语从句中既可以指人也可以指物，在从句中可以作主语、宾语等成分。在句子"When I have difficulty in learning English，my teacher Miss Chen always gives me some advice that can be useful.（当我学英语遇到困难时，我的老师陈老师总是给我一些有用的建议。）"中，先行词是"advice"（物），"that"在定语从句"that can be useful"中作主语，符合定语从句关系词的用法。B. "what"不能引导定语从句，它常引导名词性从句（如主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句等），在句子中充当主语、宾语、表语等成分，而此句是定语从句，所以该选项错误。C. "who"引导定语从句时，先行词是人，在从句中作主语或宾语。本题中先行词是"advice"（物），不是人，所以不能用"who"，该选项错误。D. "whose"引导定语从句时，在从句中作定语，表所属关系，意为"……的"，一般先行词是人或物。此句中定语从句"can be useful"不缺定语，"whose"不符合该从句的语法要求，所以该选项错误。根据对A、B、C、D选项的分析可知，"that"符合此定语从句中关系词的要求，能引导定语从句并在从句中作主语来修饰先行词"advice"。故选：A。
16．【答案】B
【分析】我喜欢能让我有所思考的电影。
【解答】A. "which gives"中，"which"引导定语从句时可指物，在本句中先行词是"movies"（物），可以用"which"引导。但是"gives"是第三人称单数形式，而"movies（电影）"是复数，根据主谓一致原则，定语从句的谓语动词应该与先行词的数保持一致，所以"gives"形式错误，该选项错误。B. "that give"中，"that"引导定语从句时既可以指人也可以指物，这里先行词"movies"（物），可以用"that"引导。"give"是动词原形，与复数先行词"movies"在数上保持一致，符合主谓一致原则，"that give me something to think about"这个定语从句在语法上是正确的，该选项正确。C. "who gives"中，"who"引导定语从句时先行词是人，在从句中作主语或宾语，而本句的先行词是"movies"（物），不是人，所以不能用"who"引导，该选项错误。根据对A、B、C选项的分析可知，"that give"在语法上符合此句定语从句的要求，能正确引导定语从句并与先行词保持主谓一致。故选：B。
17．【答案】C
【分析】这个博物馆历史悠久，对人们免费开放。
【解答】who引导定语从句时，先行词指人；which引导定语从句时，先行词指物。在定语从句 "is free for people" 中，缺少主语，且先行词 "the museum（博物馆）" 指物。故选：C。
18．【答案】A
【分析】我永远不会忘记高中时的同学，他们总是在我遇到困难时帮助我。
【解答】who引导定语从句，先行词是人，在句中作主语；whom引导定语从句，先行词是人，在句中作宾语；which引导定语从句，先行词是物，在句中作主语；what引导宾语从句。此句是定语从句，先行词是classmates（同班同学），是人，且此空在从句中作主语，用who引导。故选：A。
19．【答案】C
【分析】长江是中国第一长河。
【解答】在定语从句中：which指物，that指人和物。没有what。本题的先行词是the first longest river（第一长河）被最高级修饰，关系代词只能用that。故选：C。
20．【答案】D
【分析】直到他们到了想遛狗的小村庄，才发现狗不见了．
【解答】where引导从句时，常作地点状语；when引导从句时，常作时间状语；that引导从句时，在句中不充当成分．由题干可知，第一空要用where，在此作地点状语，相当于they wanted to walk the dog at the small village；第二空要用that，It was not until…that+从句，这是一个强调句式．因此选项D符合题意．句意为：直到他们到了想遛狗的小村庄，才发现狗不见了．故选：D．
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)2025年中考英语满分冲刺之易错题轻松突破
易错点04 定语从句
定语从句概念：
定语从句，也被叫做形容词性从句，它的作用是修饰句子里的名词或者代词。在功能上，它类似于一个形容词，能够对先行词（被定语从句修饰的词）进行进一步描述，从而让句子表意更加丰富、精准。
构成要素
先行词：也就是被定语从句修饰的名词或代词，它可以是一个简单的名词，像 “book” “student” 等，也能是一个短语，例如 “the man in the hat”。
关系词：起到引导定语从句的作用，同时它还在从句里充当一定的句子成分。常见的关系词有 “who” “whom” “whose” “which” “that” “when” “where” “why” 等。
示例
例句：The girl who is wearing a red dress is my sister.（那个穿着红色连衣裙的女孩是我的姐姐 / 妹妹。）
解析：在这个句子里，“the girl” 是先行词，“who is wearing a red dress” 是定语从句，用来对 “the girl” 进行修饰。“who” 作为关系词，在从句中充当主语，指的是 “the girl”。
分类
限定性定语从句：对先行词起到必要的限定作用，要是去掉这个从句，句子的意思就会不完整或者发生改变。此类从句和主句之间不用逗号隔开。例如：The students who study hard will pass the exam.（努力学习的学生将会通过考试。）
非限定性定语从句：对先行词进行补充说明，就算去掉，也不会影响句子的主要意思。它和主句之间用逗号隔开。例如：My mother, who is a teacher, loves her job.（我的妈妈是一名老师，她热爱她的工作。）
关系词的选用
关系代词 指代 在定从中所作成分 例句
which 物 主语 宾语 Lucy likes music which is gentle.
that 人、物 主语 宾语 Lucy likes music that is gentle. The girl that has long hair is his sister.
who 人 主语 宾语 The girl who has long hair is his sister.
whom 人 宾语 He is the student that/who/whom I like best.
whose 人的、物的 定语 I like those books whose topics are about history.
注意：关系代词that/who/which/whom在定从中作宾语时可省略，作主语时不能省略
如：The cartoons (that/which)I like have lots of jokes. 我喜欢的卡通有很多笑话。
The film (that/which) we saw last night is interesting. 我们昨天看的电影非常有趣。
1．（2023·西藏·统考中考真题）Su Bingtian is a player ________ runs fastest in China at present.
A．which B．who C．what D．where
2．（2023·新疆·中考真题）Lots of Chinese young people ___________ were born after 1995 use door-to-door cooking to save time.
A．that B．those C．which D．/
3．（2023·吉林·统考中考真题）The students are reading books ________ are full of the “red spirit” these days.
A．who B．where C．which
4．（2023·湖南株洲·统考中考真题）Today’s China is a country ________ keeps to this national character.
A．what B．who C．that
5．（2022·黑龙江牡丹江·统考中考真题）— Jeff, what are you watching
— A short video about Zhang Guimei ________ stories move me deeply.
A．who B．whom C．whose
6．（2022·福建·模拟预测）A true friend reaches for your hand and touches your heart. I will never forget all the teachers and friends with ________ I spent four years.
A．who B．whom C．whose
关系代词只能用that的情况
(1)当先行词同时指人和物时，关系代词只能用that
如: My father and his teacher talked a lot about the persons and things that they couldn’t remember.
(2)当先行词是all(指物), much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none 等不定代词时，关系代词只能用that.
如: Say all that you know/ Is there anything that I can do for you
(3)当先行词有the one, the very, the only, the same 等修饰词时，关系代词只能用that,不能用which(指人时可以用who).
如：That’s the only thing that I can do now. /These are the very(adj.恰好的) words that he used.
(4)当先行词被序数词、最高级等词修饰时，关系代词只能用that.
如：This is the first play that I have seen since I came here. This is the best novel that I have read.
(5)当主句是who或which 引导的特殊疑问句时，而中心词指人或物时，关系代词只能用that.
如：Which is the machine that we used last Sunday
1．（2023·黑龙江牡丹江·统考中考真题）If we study hard with big dreams, there is nothing ________ can’t be achieved.
A．who B．that C．whom
2．（2023·四川达州·统考中考真题）—The Lifelong Journey is one of the most touching books ________ I have ever read.
—Yeah, the book is fantastic and I am looking forward to ________ it again.
A．that, reading B．which, to read C．that, to read
3．（2022·湖北恩施·统考中考真题）China is the first nation ________ sent Chang’e Ⅳ to the far side of the moon.
A．which B．that C．who
4．（2022·黑龙江绥化·统考中考真题）I can’t forget the teachers and the university ________ I visited two years ago. They bring me many sweet memories.
A．that B．which C．what
5．（2023·辽宁沈阳·统考三模）This is the only book ________ I find useful.
A．which B．that C．who D．whose
6．（2023·内蒙古呼伦贝尔·统考一模）—Who do you think is the girl ________ did the best in the 2021 Beijing Winter Olympics.
—Of course, Gu Ailing.
A．who B．whose C．whom D．that
关系代词只能用which的情况
1)引导词前有介词
如：The school campus in which we study every day is beautiful. 我们学习的校园很漂亮。
(2)在非限制性定从中用which, 不用that
如：The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.(不可用that)
1．To enter a good high school, we shouldn’t only study the subjects in ________ we are interested.
A．that B．who C．which
2．（2022·黑龙江哈尔滨·哈尔滨市第四十七中学校考一模）It’s impossible for anyone to take the sovereignty(主权)over Taiwan Island away from China, ________ has been part of China since ancient times .
A．where B．that C．which
3．（2022秋·广东广州·九年级广州市第六十五中学校考阶段练习）Injun Joe killed the doctor with a knife, ________ was put in Muff’s hand.
A．/ B．which C．who D．what
4．（2022秋·广东江门·九年级校联考期中）I really enjoyed my stay in Xi’an, ________ is indeed worth ________ second visit.
A．which; a B．which; the C．that; the D．that; a
定语从句中的主谓一致
关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句中的谓语动词在人称和数方面应该与先行词保持一致。其中，“one of+复数名词” 作先行词时，谓语动词用复数形式。”the one of/the only one of+复数名词”时，谓语动词用单数形式。
如：He is the man who / that lives next door. 他就是住在隔壁的那个男人。
He is one of the students in his class who have been to Germany.他是班上去过德国的学生之一。
1．He is the only one of the boys who ________ the piano well.
A．plays B．play C．playing D．are playing
2．（2021·辽宁朝阳·统考中考真题）—Have you heard of the story of Mulan
—Of course. Mulan is a brave girl ________ her father’s place to fight in the army.
A．whom take B．that take C．which takes D．who takes
3．（2020·内蒙古·统考中考真题）The photo________ taken by my classmate last week is very nice.
A．which were B．that is C．that were D．which was
4．（2021·全国·九年级专题练习）Mr. Smith is one of the foreign experts who ________ in China.
A．works B．is working C．are working D．has been working
5．（2022·辽宁朝阳·统考中考真题）—What kind of movies do you like
—I prefer movies _________ me something to think about.
A．whom give B．who gives C．which give D．that gives
A组 中考真题
1．（2024 乐山）﹣I'll never forget the experiences we had in the volunteer work last summer.
﹣Me too.The 3 days were meaningful and full of fun.（ ）
A．when B．who C．that
2．（2024 遂宁）﹣What kind of movies do you like best？
﹣I like the movies____make me feel happy and relaxed.（ ）
A．what B．which C．who D．/
3．（2024 呼和浩特）Some people think that success is only for those with talent or those____grow up in the right family，while others believe that success mostly comes down to hard work.（ ）
A．who B． whose C．which D． whom
4．（2024 牡丹江）The "Kemusan" dance is an eye﹣catching dance performance ______ is quite popular these days.（ ）
A． who B． which C． whose
5．（2024 长春） As a science lover，I hope I can invent a bike ___________can fly in the sky.（ ）
A． where B． when C． which D． who
6．（2024 临夏州）A true friend is a person_____can help you when you are in trouble.（ ）
A．who B．whom C．whose D．which
7．（2024 西藏）Although my grandfather is over 90 years old，he still remembers the people he met when he was young.（ ）
A．who B．when C．where D．which
8．（2024 泸州）A true friend is a person will always be there to share your laughter and tears.（ ）
A．what B．which C．who D．whom
9．（2024 兴安盟）In difficult times，there are always national heroes ______ step up and bring people hope.（ ）
A．whom B．who C．which D．whose
B组 最新模拟题
1．（2025 郫都区模拟）As the old saying goes，anyone ______ makes no mistakes makes nothing.（ ）
A． which B．whom C． that
2．（2024 射洪市校级二模）Chengdu is a big city in we can learn ancient Shu culture and enjoy modern life in.（ ）
A．which B．who C．that D．whom
3．（2024 凉州区三模）—What kind of books do you prefer？
—I prefer the ones me something to think about.（ ）
A．that gives B．which give C．what give
4．（2024 尤溪县校级模拟）I really like the family photo we took on my grandfather's 80th birthday.（ ）
A．who B．that C．what
5．（2024 五华区校级三模）I have become good friends with some of the students in my school I met in the English speech contest last year.（ ）
A．which B．where C．whom D．whose
6．（2024 南岗区校级二模） I'd like to express my thanks to everyone served the community.（ ）
A．which B．who C．where
7．（2024 张家川县二模）—Do yo remember the beautiful teacher you met on your first day？
—Of course.She was kind to us，saying"Hello"with a smile in the hall.（ ）
A．that B．whose C．which D．what
8．（2024 秦安县三模）Tu Youyou is the first Chinese____won the Nobel Prize in science.（ ）
A．whom B．which C．who D．whose
9．（2024 南岗区校级模拟）Not every child watches this video will become a scientist，but some may become interested in science.（ ）
A．whom B．who C．which
10．（2024 武威二模）Jack really likes the picture_____you drew the day before yesterday.（ ）
A．whom B．who C．which D．what
11．（2024 武威二模）Behind each door you open are chances to learn new things.（ ）
A．that B．what C．when D．where
12．（2024 菏泽二模）Success will belong to those never say "impossible".（ ）
A．whom B．what C．who
13．（2024 临洮县二模） Linda is my best friend _______ always gives me a hand when I get into trouble.（ ）
A．what B．that C．when D．which
14．（2024 天祝县三模）The two boys play the piano well are my cousins.（ ）
A．which B．what C．whom D．who
15．（2024 鄂伦春自治旗一模）When I have difficulty in learning English，my teacher Miss Chen always gives me some advice can be useful.（ ）
A．that B．what C．who D．whose
16．（2024 凉山州模拟） I love movies me something to think about.（ ）
A．which gives B．that give
C．who gives
17．（2024 沙湾区模拟）The museum is free for people has a long history.（ ）
A．/ B．who C．which
18．（2024 黄山二模）I'll never forget my classmates in high school used to give me a hand when I was in trouble.（ ）
A．who B．whom C．which D．what
19．（2024 肇东市模拟） The Yangtze River is the first longest river lies in China.（ ）
A．which B．what C．that
20．（2024 玄武区校级模拟）It was not until they arrived at the small village ______ they wanted to walk the dog ______ they found the dog missing．（ ）
A．where， when B．that， when
C．that， where D．where， that
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