查漏知识 专题02 动词的时态和语态及主谓一致
(思维导图+高频考点+关键能力+模拟新题+押题预测)
目录
知识点：动词的时态和语态及主谓一致 2
【必记核心知识思维导图】冠词核心知识思维导图 2
【考情分析】 2
高频考点1：动词的时态 2
【真题回顾】 3
【解题必备】精准解题指导 提高关键能力 6
高频考点2：动词的被动语态 8
【真题回顾】 8
【解题必备】精准解题指导 提高关键能力 9
高频考点3：主谓一致 10
【真题回顾】 11
【解题必备】精准解题指导 提高关键能力 11
【模拟新题】精选模拟新题及时跟踪演练 11
【押题预测】依据高考的命题思想，结合冠词的重点知识，深度预测高考试题........................................................14
知识点一：动词的时态和语态及主谓一致
高频考点1、考查动词的时态
一、考查有明确时间状语的时态
1.（2025年1月浙江高考）The concept 62 (be) certainly not new — men have been renting good suits for decades — but for female shoppers, it is just taking off. This clothing-as-service model follows the broader societal movement towards shared economies.
2.（2024浙江1月卷）Over the last two years, some supermarkets __________ (start) selling chicken or salad in packs designed with two halves containing separate portions (份).
3.(2023年新高考II卷) As a little girl, I (wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up. Now, I’m living out that dream indirectly by helping the panda keepers do their job in English.
根据明确的时间状语判断动词的时态 1. 与一般过去时连用的常用时间状语 ①yesterday、the day before yesterday、yesterday morning/afternoon/evening…… ② last Friday、last week、last month、last summer、last year…… ③ten minutes ago、five hours ago、two weeks ago、three years ago…… ④the other day、just now…… ⑤in+过去时间---in 1976、in 2016、in the 19th century…… ⑥隐形时间要注意：previously先前的 2.与现在完成时连用的常用时间状语 ①before、already、just、never、ever、yet、lately、recently…… ②how long、since+过去时间点、for+一段时间…… ③in the past five days，over the last few years… ④so far, up to/till now, to date ⑤It is the first time that…; the best/most +名词+that… 3.与一般现在时连用的常用时间状语 now, today, nowadays, every year, usually等 3.与一般将来时连用的常用时间状语 next year, in the future, soon, tomorrow等 4.与进行时连用的常用时间状语 now, at present, at this moment等 5.与过去完成时连用的常用时间状语 by then, by the end of ..., when/before/after引导的从句等
二、考查固定句型中的时态
1.（2022·新课标II卷）Henry _________ (fix) his car when he heard the screams. He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the balcony.
2. （2021·浙江卷）After Lincoln was elected President of the US in 1861, they rented the house and _________ (sell) most of their furniture.
常考动词的时态的相关句式(带★号为常考句式) ①★was/were doing... when...＋一般过去时 ②was/were about to do... when...＋一般过去时 ③★it is the＋序数词＋time＋that...＋现在完成时 ④★it was the＋序数词＋time＋that...＋过去完成时 ⑤No sooner had＋主语＋done... than＋一般过去时 ⑥Hardly/Scarcely had＋主语＋done... when＋一般过去时 ⑦It will be＋时间段＋before＋一般现在时
三、考查利用平行关系解决时态问题
1. （2021·浙江卷）After Lincoln was elected President of the US in 1861, they rented the house and _________ (sell) most of their furniture.
2．(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the balcony. He quickly _______(throw) his tools aside, and started running, arms out.
常考的平行关系词有： 考查动词时态的题目有时可以根据句子或谓语动词之间的平行关系词“and, but, or, rather than, neither... nor..., not only... but also...”等前后的谓语动词的时态必须一致来确定时态。
四、考查利用语境解决时态问题
1.（2022·浙江卷）When he felt a 3D version of Leonardo da Vinci’s “Mona Lisa” he _________ (notice)her smile right away. ”I can actually feel what you see when you look at it,” he said.
2.（2021·浙江1月卷）It is calculated by dividing a person’s weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI of between 19 and 25 _________ (consider) healthy.
在时间状语、平行关系和常用句式等都不明显的情况下，还可以根据上下文语境暗示做出恰当的时态判断。
常考时态的用法
1. 一般现在时
(1)表示经常性或习惯性的动作。
(2)表示自然现象、客观事实或普遍真理。
(3)表示现有的性质、能力或状态。
(4)表示按计划安排好了将要发生的动作，这种情况仅限于少数有“开始”或“移动”意义的词，例如come, go, leave, start, arrive, begin, meet, fall, close, open, end, stop, return, take off等。
The party begins at 7 o’clock.
(5)在时间、条件、让步状语从句中，常用一般现在时表示将来的动作或状态。
If I have enough time, I’ll travel around the world.
2. 现在进行时
(1)表示此时此刻或现阶段正在进行的动作或存在的状态。
(2)come, go, leave, do, send, take off, sail, arrive, return等表示方位移动的短暂性动词常用进行时表将来。
We are going hiking this Sunday.
(3)与always, often, all the time, constantly, continuously, forever等连用表示频繁反复发生的动作或状态，常含有批评、抱怨、不满或赞扬等感彩，但并非强调动作正在进行。
He is always getting angry with me.
3. 现在完成时
(1)表示过去的动作现已结束，但对现在产生影响，常带有already, just, ever, never等副词。
He has already obtained a scholarship.
(2)表示动作或状态从过去开始，一直持续到现在。此时，通常用延续性动词，并常与表示一段时间的状语连用，例如for ten minutes, since 1980, in recent years, so far。
The film has been on for half an hour.
(3)表示到目前为止的一段时间内，第……次做某事。
It’s the third time that I’ve seen the film.
4. 现在完成进行时
(1)发生在过去的动作或状态，持续到现在或将继续下去，可以译成“一直”。现在完成时侧重持续或影响到现在，不强调将来的延续。
I have been cleaning the house all the afternoon.
(2)到目前为止，多次重复发生的动作或状态。
I have been telephoning him several times this morning.
5. 一般将来时
(1)表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态。
The football game will begin soon.
(2)表示事物固有的属性或必然趋势。
Fish will die without water.
(3)表示临时的决定。
— We don’t have any milk in our fridge.
— I’ll go and buy some.
(4)其他表示将来的结构
① be going to do表示主观打算或有迹象将要发生某事。
Look at the clouds in the sky. It is going to rain.
② be＋to do表示按计划、安排将要发生的动作，还可表示命令或注定要发生的事。
There is to be an English exam next Monday.
③ be about to do表示正要去做某事，但不与表将来的时间状语连用。
I am about to go shopping.
注意：if条件句中一般不用将来时，如果使用will，其意义为“愿意”。
If you will give her another chance, she will surprise you.
6. 过去将来时
表示对过去某一时刻而言将要发生的动作或存在的状态。
He said he would come to our school.
7. 一般过去时
(1)表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示过去的时间状语连用。
I bought a new bike last week.
(2)表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。
He often watched TV at night.
8. 过去进行时
(1)表示过去某段时间里或某一时刻正在进行的动作或存在的状态。
He slipped out of the classroom when the teacher was not noticing him.
(2)表示过去频繁发生的动作或习惯，常与always等副词连用。
Mrs. Black was always having dinner with her old parents.
9. 过去完成时
(1)表示过去某时间或某动作之前完成的动作或存在的状态，即“过去的过去”。
When I came back, he had eaten all the sweets.
(2)在hardly/scarcely... when, no sooner... than, It was the first/second... time (that)... 等句型中。
We had hardly/scarcely left the house when it began to rain.
No sooner had we left the house than it began to rain.
It was the third time he had been out of work that year.
(3)表希望、想法、打算、意图的动词用过去完成时，表示未曾实现的愿望，意为“本打算……，本希望……”。这类动词有mean, intend, expect, hope, want, plan, think, suppose等。
They had wanted to help but could not get there in time.
高频考点2、考查动词的被动语态
1.(2024·九省联考卷）Fountain pens __________ (use) in schools long ago and have been regaining popularity lately because they are refillable.
2.（2024全国甲卷）What should (do) with such a beautiful place They wondered out loud.
3.（2023全国甲卷）Carson proves that a simple lyric form that has been passed down through the ages can still ______________ (employ) today to draw attention to important truths.
确定谓语动词语态的关键是弄明白所给动词与其对应的主语之间的逻辑关系。如果所给动词的主语是动作的执行者，则用主动语态；若所给动词的主语是动作的承受者，则用被动语态。
1．“一定”辨明主语、谓语和时态。
2．牢记常考时态的被动语态结构，一般时态中be done＝get/become done; 牢记主动表被动含义的常见结构，如“用作不及物意义的动词＋副词”。
常考的几种时态的被动语态：(带★号为常考语态)
①★一般现在时：am/is/are done；
②★一般过去时：was/were done；
③一般将来时：will be done；
④过去将来时：would be done；
⑤现在进行时：am/is/are being done；
⑥过去进行时：was/were being done；
⑦★现在完成时：has/have been done；
⑧过去完成时：had been done。
3．牢记含有情态动词的被动语态形式：情态动词＋be done。
被动语态易错考点
（1）不能用被动语态的特殊动词
①系动词类(look，seem，feel，taste，sound，prove，appear等)。
②表示主语特征的词(read，wash，write，sell，wear，lock等)，常与not，hardly，well，easily，badly，nicely等副词连用。
This kind of cloth washes easily.
这种布料容易洗。
（2）get构成的表示被动的短语
此类短语主要有get paid/lost/hurt等。
We get paid every week.我们按周获得薪酬。
（3）主动形式表示被动意义
①在need，want，require，deserve，bear等动词；worth等形容词的后面，动名词主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。
The house needs repairing/to be repaired.
这房子需要修理。
②在某些“主语(人/物)＋be＋形容词＋不定式”中不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。这些形容词有nice，easy，fit，hard，difficult，important，impossible，pleasant，interesting等。
The problem is difficult to work out.
这道题很难计算出。
高频考点3、考查主谓一致
1．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that 58._________(be) previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority to increase effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.
2．(湖南长郡中学模拟)Reading articles and short posts__________(play) an important role in integrating knowledge and achievements.
3．(漳州市第二次质量检测)What _________(make) people moved is not the film itself but the heroes of the war years.
“主谓一致”三原则(带★号为重要考点)
项目 主语 谓语动词
★语法 一致 不可数名词、单数可数名词、动名词(短语)、动词不定式、主语从句、the number of＋复数可数名词 单数
复数可数名词，and连接的两个名词，a number of＋复数可数名词 复数
(together) with, as well as, but, except, along with, rather than, in addition to, including等连接的主语 与前面主语一致
意义 一致 “the＋形容词”表示抽象概念；强调整体的集合名词 单数
“the＋形容词”表示一类人或物；强调个体的集合名词 复数
就近 一致 neither... nor..., either... or..., not only... but also..., not... but...等连接的主语；“here/there＋谓语＋主语”结构中的主语不止一个时 与邻近主语一致
模拟新题
时间：10分钟 满分：16分 得分：_______
1.（2025·浙江省金丽衢十二校高三二模）As we welcome the Year of the Snake in the Chinese lunar calendar, it is a time to reflect on the qualities that this ancient zodiac sign embodies. The Snake, the sixth animal in the 12-year cycle of the Chinese zodiac, 36 (associate) with wisdom, intuition, and transformation over history.
2.（2025·河南驻马店月考）The concept (center) on the idea of “new Chinese-style herbs” and the TCM principle that “food and medicine share the same origin”.
3.（2025·广东联考）Arching across the borders of northern China and southern Mongolia, the remote and rugged landscapes of the Gobi Desert (capture) the imagination of adventurers, explorers, scientists, and artists since the age of Marco Polo.
4.（2025·河北联考）Over the decades, it (grow) to become a cultural hub (枢纽) that is central to the city’s identity.
5.（2025·江苏月考）Deputy Mayor of Waipa District Council, Liz Stolwyk noted that this was the third time that Waipa people (attend) both exhibitions.
6.（2025·江西南昌联考）Chinese hit video game Black Myth: Wukong (take) the gaming world by storm, selling more than 10 million copies across all platforms over just the past three days after its release.
7.（2025·湖南长沙统考）In that century and much of the 20th century, the immigrants largely (flow) from China’s south-east regions, mainly Guangdong province.
8.（2025·江苏南通期中）Throughout centuries of history, the Grand Canal has nurtured abundant towns and villages along its path. Many an ancient town, preserved through the ages thanks to their close relationship with the canal, (stand) as the finest witnesses of civilization.
9.（2025·河南统考）Cultural reputation and soaring sorghum costs (see) Moutai prices skyrocket over the past few years.
10.（2025·江苏扬州模拟测试）The remarkable development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world, (mean) there is always something new to discover here, and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years.
11.（2025·安徽省蚌埠市第二次质检）Videos of the electrifying performance soon flooded social media, and the amazed netizens called the group “the most dedicated dance crew” and 39 (speak) highly of the perfect combination of cultural heritage and futuristic technology.
12.（2025·安徽省九师联盟模拟预测）A print edition of the Shiji (Records of the Grand Historian), which 41 (publish) in 1171, is one such example. Written in the 1st century BC by Sima Qian, it’s a foundation text of Chinese history.
13.（2025·河北省部分高中综合素质评价）First, few market stalls (摊位) sell fresh fruit, as it 39 (sour) quickly in the tropical heat, so keeping the fruit fresh has already been energy-consuming. Then, the fruit’s brown shell has to be painstakingly peeled off to reveal its glistening, milky white flesh.
14.（2025·湖北省部分高中协作体高三一模）Kites, which were invented over 2,000 years ago in China 37 (believe) to be the earliest flying objects created by humans.
15.（2025·辽宁省大连市三校联考高三模拟）Lately, developed by a group of talented Chinese researchers, DeepSeek, a Chinese-made AI, 36 (burst) into the global spotlight, with the aim of advancing artificial intelligence technology.
16.（2025·江苏泰州期中）The ancient city walls and historical sites in Nanjing stand as witnesses to the passage of time. Suzhou, another famous city in Jiangsu, is known for its beautiful classical gardens, which are like jewels that (craft) carefully over centuries.
时间：10分钟 满分：15分 得分：_______
1．Yesterday large amounts of honey and butter (be) used to make this kind of snack.
2．The sky was clear when we headed off, but storms moved in fast in the mountains, and this one quickly (interrupt) our peaceful morning trip.
3．This was the sort of work that made you appreciate the dollars you (earn) and respect those who did the work, he told me.
4．Not only we forget to turn off the light in the kitchen, but we also failed to lock the front door.
5．Though not known to use tools in the wild, the birds (prove) skilful at tool use while kept in the cage.
6．As far as I know, it (be) three years since we were reunited with each other last time.
7．In the past decades, China’s transport (achieve) significantly so that Chinese people have access to various ways of traveling.
8．I (participate) in a volunteer programme, visiting elderly people in my area for the last three years.
9．Not only are tea- related customs found across the country, but also they (influence) the rest of the world since ancient times through the ancient Silk Road and trade routes.
10．I (intend) to go outing yesterday, but I had an unexpected visitor.
11．Even though we (lose) a lot, moments like those gave us hope for the future.
12．By the end of he was 14 years old, he (learn) advanced mathematics by himself.
13．The rising sun (colour) the sky bright red when we climbed onto the top of the mountain.
14．What excites the organizing committee is that the Peony Pavilion (attract) a growing young audience since its premiere in Beijing.
15．Jasmine Flower is a popular Chinese song which (date) from the 18th century.
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)查漏知识 专题02 动词的时态和语态及主谓一致
(思维导图+高频考点+关键能力+模拟新题+押题预测)
目录
知识点：动词的时态和语态及主谓一致 2
【必记核心知识思维导图】冠词核心知识思维导图 2
【考情分析】 2
高频考点1：动词的时态 2
【真题回顾】 3
【解题必备】精准解题指导 提高关键能力 6
高频考点2：动词的被动语态 8
【真题回顾】 8
【解题必备】精准解题指导 提高关键能力 9
高频考点3：主谓一致 10
【真题回顾】 11
【解题必备】精准解题指导 提高关键能力 11
【模拟新题】精选模拟新题及时跟踪演练 11
【押题预测】依据高考的命题思想，结合冠词的重点知识，深度预测高考试题........................................................14
知识点一：动词的时态和语态及主谓一致
高频考点1、考查动词的时态
一、考查有明确时间状语的时态
1.（2025年1月浙江高考）The concept 62 (be) certainly not new — men have been renting good suits for decades — but for female shoppers, it is just taking off. This clothing-as-service model follows the broader societal movement towards shared economies.
【答案】is
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：这个概念当然并不新鲜——几十年来，男性一直在租赁优质西装——但对于女性购物者来说，它才刚刚兴起。系动词be作谓语，句子陈述的是客观事实，用一般现在时，主语The concept是单数名词，谓语动词用单数形式is。故填is。
2.（2024浙江1月卷）Over the last two years, some supermarkets __________ (start) selling chicken or salad in packs designed with two halves containing separate portions (份).
【答案】have started
【解析】考查现在完成时。句意：在过去的两年里，一些超市开始销售鸡肉或沙拉包装，设计成两半，拆分成两份。根据“Over the last two years”可知，此处应用现在完成时。动词start意为“开始”。故填have started。
3.(2023年新高考II卷) As a little girl, I (wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up. Now, I’m living out that dream indirectly by helping the panda keepers do their job in English.
【答案】wished
【解析】考查时态。句意:小时候,我希望长大后成为一名动物园饲养员。根据“As a little girl…”可知,本空应用一般过去时。
根据明确的时间状语判断动词的时态 1. 与一般过去时连用的常用时间状语 ①yesterday、the day before yesterday、yesterday morning/afternoon/evening…… ② last Friday、last week、last month、last summer、last year…… ③ten minutes ago、five hours ago、two weeks ago、three years ago…… ④the other day、just now…… ⑤in+过去时间---in 1976、in 2016、in the 19th century…… ⑥隐形时间要注意：previously先前的 2.与现在完成时连用的常用时间状语 ①before、already、just、never、ever、yet、lately、recently…… ②how long、since+过去时间点、for+一段时间…… ③in the past five days，over the last few years… ④so far, up to/till now, to date ⑤It is the first time that…; the best/most +名词+that… 3.与一般现在时连用的常用时间状语 now, today, nowadays, every year, usually等 3.与一般将来时连用的常用时间状语 next year, in the future, soon, tomorrow等 4.与进行时连用的常用时间状语 now, at present, at this moment等 5.与过去完成时连用的常用时间状语 by then, by the end of ..., when/before/after引导的从句等
二、考查固定句型中的时态
1.（2022·新课标II卷）Henry _________ (fix) his car when he heard the screams. He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the balcony.
【答案】was fixing
【解析】句意：听到尖叫声时，亨利正在修车。根据句子结构，设空处应该填写谓语动词。根据空后的when he heard the screams，可知，这是“was/were doing…when…”句型，设空处的动作是正在发生的，同时该句描述的是过去的事实。故使用过去进行时。fix为动词，意为“修理”，其过去进行时为was fixing。故填was fixing。
2. （2021·浙江卷）After Lincoln was elected President of the US in 1861, they rented the house and _________ (sell) most of their furniture.
【答案】sold
【解析】考查动词。句意：1861年林肯当选美国总统后，他们租了房子，卖掉了大部分家具。分析句子成分可知，设空处和前面的动词rented一起做并列谓语；根据时间状语1861可知，此处用一般过去时态，提示词sell的过去式形式是sold。故填sold。
常考动词的时态的相关句式(带★号为常考句式) ①★was/were doing... when...＋一般过去时 ②was/were about to do... when...＋一般过去时 ③★it is the＋序数词＋time＋that...＋现在完成时 ④★it was the＋序数词＋time＋that...＋过去完成时 ⑤No sooner had＋主语＋done... than＋一般过去时 ⑥Hardly/Scarcely had＋主语＋done... when＋一般过去时 ⑦It will be＋时间段＋before＋一般现在时
三、考查利用平行关系解决时态问题
1. （2021·浙江卷）After Lincoln was elected President of the US in 1861, they rented the house and _________ (sell) most of their furniture.
【答案】sold
【解析】考查动词。句意：1861年林肯当选美国总统后，他们租了房子，卖掉了大部分家具。分析句子成分可知，设空处和前面的动词rented一起做并列谓语；根据时间状语1861可知，此处用一般过去时态，提示词sell的过去式形式是sold。故填sold。
2．(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the balcony. He quickly _______(throw) his tools aside, and started running, arms out.
【答案】threw
【解析】考查时态。句意：他迅速地把工具扔到一边，开始跑起来，双臂张开。分析句子结构可知，该题考查谓语动词的时态。再结合空后的平行关系词and可知，需要填的动词时态与started要保持一致，用一般过去时。
常考的平行关系词有： 考查动词时态的题目有时可以根据句子或谓语动词之间的平行关系词“and, but, or, rather than, neither... nor..., not only... but also...”等前后的谓语动词的时态必须一致来确定时态。
四、考查利用语境解决时态问题
1.（2022·浙江卷）When he felt a 3D version of Leonardo da Vinci’s “Mona Lisa” he _________ (notice)her smile right away. ”I can actually feel what you see when you look at it,” he said.
【答案】noticed
【解析】考查时态。句意：当他触摸到莱昂纳多 达 芬奇的3D版《蒙娜丽莎》时，他立刻注意到了她的微笑。根据“he felt”可知，本句为一般过去时。故填noticed。
2.（2021·浙江1月卷）It is calculated by dividing a person’s weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI of between 19 and 25 _________ (consider) healthy.
【答案】is considered
【解析】考查动词时态。这里涉及到句式结构的分析，前面有and连接，所以and 后面的句子是需要有完整谓语的，BMI属于专有名词，用谓语is considered 即可。
在时间状语、平行关系和常用句式等都不明显的情况下，还可以根据上下文语境暗示做出恰当的时态判断。
常考时态的用法
1. 一般现在时
(1)表示经常性或习惯性的动作。
(2)表示自然现象、客观事实或普遍真理。
(3)表示现有的性质、能力或状态。
(4)表示按计划安排好了将要发生的动作，这种情况仅限于少数有“开始”或“移动”意义的词，例如come, go, leave, start, arrive, begin, meet, fall, close, open, end, stop, return, take off等。
The party begins at 7 o’clock.
(5)在时间、条件、让步状语从句中，常用一般现在时表示将来的动作或状态。
If I have enough time, I’ll travel around the world.
2. 现在进行时
(1)表示此时此刻或现阶段正在进行的动作或存在的状态。
(2)come, go, leave, do, send, take off, sail, arrive, return等表示方位移动的短暂性动词常用进行时表将来。
We are going hiking this Sunday.
(3)与always, often, all the time, constantly, continuously, forever等连用表示频繁反复发生的动作或状态，常含有批评、抱怨、不满或赞扬等感彩，但并非强调动作正在进行。
He is always getting angry with me.
3. 现在完成时
(1)表示过去的动作现已结束，但对现在产生影响，常带有already, just, ever, never等副词。
He has already obtained a scholarship.
(2)表示动作或状态从过去开始，一直持续到现在。此时，通常用延续性动词，并常与表示一段时间的状语连用，例如for ten minutes, since 1980, in recent years, so far。
The film has been on for half an hour.
(3)表示到目前为止的一段时间内，第……次做某事。
It’s the third time that I’ve seen the film.
4. 现在完成进行时
(1)发生在过去的动作或状态，持续到现在或将继续下去，可以译成“一直”。现在完成时侧重持续或影响到现在，不强调将来的延续。
I have been cleaning the house all the afternoon.
(2)到目前为止，多次重复发生的动作或状态。
I have been telephoning him several times this morning.
5. 一般将来时
(1)表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态。
The football game will begin soon.
(2)表示事物固有的属性或必然趋势。
Fish will die without water.
(3)表示临时的决定。
— We don’t have any milk in our fridge.
— I’ll go and buy some.
(4)其他表示将来的结构
① be going to do表示主观打算或有迹象将要发生某事。
Look at the clouds in the sky. It is going to rain.
② be＋to do表示按计划、安排将要发生的动作，还可表示命令或注定要发生的事。
There is to be an English exam next Monday.
③ be about to do表示正要去做某事，但不与表将来的时间状语连用。
I am about to go shopping.
注意：if条件句中一般不用将来时，如果使用will，其意义为“愿意”。
If you will give her another chance, she will surprise you.
6. 过去将来时
表示对过去某一时刻而言将要发生的动作或存在的状态。
He said he would come to our school.
7. 一般过去时
(1)表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示过去的时间状语连用。
I bought a new bike last week.
(2)表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。
He often watched TV at night.
8. 过去进行时
(1)表示过去某段时间里或某一时刻正在进行的动作或存在的状态。
He slipped out of the classroom when the teacher was not noticing him.
(2)表示过去频繁发生的动作或习惯，常与always等副词连用。
Mrs. Black was always having dinner with her old parents.
9. 过去完成时
(1)表示过去某时间或某动作之前完成的动作或存在的状态，即“过去的过去”。
When I came back, he had eaten all the sweets.
(2)在hardly/scarcely... when, no sooner... than, It was the first/second... time (that)... 等句型中。
We had hardly/scarcely left the house when it began to rain.
No sooner had we left the house than it began to rain.
It was the third time he had been out of work that year.
(3)表希望、想法、打算、意图的动词用过去完成时，表示未曾实现的愿望，意为“本打算……，本希望……”。这类动词有mean, intend, expect, hope, want, plan, think, suppose等。
They had wanted to help but could not get there in time.
高频考点2、考查动词的被动语态
1.(2024·九省联考卷）Fountain pens __________ (use) in schools long ago and have been regaining popularity lately because they are refillable.
【答案】were used
【解析】考查动词时态和语态。句意：钢笔很久以前就在学校里使用了，最近又重新流行起来，因为它们可以重新填充。空格处作谓语，根据时间状语long ago可知，应用一般过去时，主语Fountain pens和动词use之间是被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态。故填were used。
2.（2024全国甲卷）What should (do) with such a beautiful place They wondered out loud.
【答案】be done
【解析】考查被动语态。句意：对于这样一个美丽的地方，我们应该做些什么呢？主语what指物，与谓语动词do是被动关系，情态动词should后接be done构成被动语态，故填be done。
3.（2023全国甲卷）Carson proves that a simple lyric form that has been passed down through the ages can still ______________ (employ) today to draw attention to important truths.
【答案】be employed
【解析】考查语态。句意：卡森证明了一种简单的抒情形式，已经代代相传，今天仍然可以用来吸引人们对重要真理的关注。从句主语a simple lyric form与employ之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。情态动词can后接动词原形。故填be employed。
确定谓语动词语态的关键是弄明白所给动词与其对应的主语之间的逻辑关系。如果所给动词的主语是动作的执行者，则用主动语态；若所给动词的主语是动作的承受者，则用被动语态。
1．“一定”辨明主语、谓语和时态。
2．牢记常考时态的被动语态结构，一般时态中be done＝get/become done; 牢记主动表被动含义的常见结构，如“用作不及物意义的动词＋副词”。
常考的几种时态的被动语态：(带★号为常考语态)
①★一般现在时：am/is/are done；
②★一般过去时：was/were done；
③一般将来时：will be done；
④过去将来时：would be done；
⑤现在进行时：am/is/are being done；
⑥过去进行时：was/were being done；
⑦★现在完成时：has/have been done；
⑧过去完成时：had been done。
3．牢记含有情态动词的被动语态形式：情态动词＋be done。
被动语态易错考点
（1）不能用被动语态的特殊动词
①系动词类(look，seem，feel，taste，sound，prove，appear等)。
②表示主语特征的词(read，wash，write，sell，wear，lock等)，常与not，hardly，well，easily，badly，nicely等副词连用。
This kind of cloth washes easily.
这种布料容易洗。
（2）get构成的表示被动的短语
此类短语主要有get paid/lost/hurt等。
We get paid every week.我们按周获得薪酬。
（3）主动形式表示被动意义
①在need，want，require，deserve，bear等动词；worth等形容词的后面，动名词主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。
The house needs repairing/to be repaired.
这房子需要修理。
②在某些“主语(人/物)＋be＋形容词＋不定式”中不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。这些形容词有nice，easy，fit，hard，difficult，important，impossible，pleasant，interesting等。
The problem is difficult to work out.
这道题很难计算出。
高频考点3、考查主谓一致
1．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that 58._________(be) previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority to increase effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.
【答案】were
【解析】分析句子结构可知，该题考查谓语动词的时态和主谓一致。首先，根据“previously (以前地)”可知，从句的时态应为一般过去时。然后，结合先行词为a significant number of areas可知，先行词与从句谓语动词应遵循主谓一致中的语法一致原则，即a significant number of areas作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
2．(湖南长郡中学模拟)Reading articles and short posts__________(play) an important role in integrating knowledge and achievements.
【答案】plays
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：阅读文章和短文在整合知识和成就方面起着重要的作用。分析句子结构，此空在句中做谓语，主语Reading articles and short posts为单数概念，谓语动词应用单数形式；句子描述一般事实，用一般现在时态。
3．(漳州市第二次质量检测)What _________(make) people moved is not the film itself but the heroes of the war years.
【答案】makes
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：让人感动的不是电影本身，而是战争年代的英雄们。句子是描述一个事实，应用一般现在时；What引导主语从句，且在从句中作主语，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。
“主谓一致”三原则(带★号为重要考点)
项目 主语 谓语动词
★语法 一致 不可数名词、单数可数名词、动名词(短语)、动词不定式、主语从句、the number of＋复数可数名词 单数
复数可数名词，and连接的两个名词，a number of＋复数可数名词 复数
(together) with, as well as, but, except, along with, rather than, in addition to, including等连接的主语 与前面主语一致
意义 一致 “the＋形容词”表示抽象概念；强调整体的集合名词 单数
“the＋形容词”表示一类人或物；强调个体的集合名词 复数
就近 一致 neither... nor..., either... or..., not only... but also..., not... but...等连接的主语；“here/there＋谓语＋主语”结构中的主语不止一个时 与邻近主语一致
模拟新题
时间：10分钟 满分：16分 得分：_______
1.（2025·浙江省金丽衢十二校高三二模）As we welcome the Year of the Snake in the Chinese lunar calendar, it is a time to reflect on the qualities that this ancient zodiac sign embodies. The Snake, the sixth animal in the 12-year cycle of the Chinese zodiac, 36 (associate) with wisdom, intuition, and transformation over history.
【答案】has been associated
【解析】考查动词语态。句意：蛇，作为中国十二生肖中第六个动物，在历史上一直与智慧、直觉和变革联系在一起。根据over history可知，associate“联系”这一动作开始于过去，持续到现在，本句时态用现在完成时，且主语The Snake与associate为被动关系，句子用现在完成时的被动语态，主语为第三人称单数，助动词用has。故填has been associated。
2.（2025·河南驻马店月考）The concept (center) on the idea of “new Chinese-style herbs” and the TCM principle that “food and medicine share the same origin”.
【答案】is centered
【解析】考查时态。句意：这一概念以“新中草药”的理念和中医“食药同源”的原则为中心。陈述事实，为一般现在时，主语与谓语为被动关系。主语单数，谓语单数。故填is centered。
3.（2025·广东联考）Arching across the borders of northern China and southern Mongolia, the remote and rugged landscapes of the Gobi Desert (capture) the imagination of adventurers, explorers, scientists, and artists since the age of Marco Polo.
【答案】have captured
【解析】考查时态。句意：横跨中国北部和蒙古国南部的戈壁沙漠，其偏远而崎岖的地貌自马可·波罗时代起就激发着探险家、探索者、科学家和艺术家的想象力。根据“since the age of Marco Polo”可知，该句为现在完成时，空处为该句谓语动词，且主语landscapes为复数，故空处应填have captured。故填have captured。
4.（2025·河北联考）Over the decades, it (grow) to become a cultural hub (枢纽) that is central to the city’s identity.
【答案】has grown
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：经过数十年的发展，它已经成为一个文化中心，对城市的认同感至关重要。根据时间状语Over the decades可知，主句描述的是从过去到现在都在进行的动作，句子应用现在完成时，表达唐人街随着时间发展的情况。主语为it，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填has grown。
5.（2025·江苏月考）Deputy Mayor of Waipa District Council, Liz Stolwyk noted that this was the third time that Waipa people (attend) both exhibitions.
【答案】had attended
【解析】考查时态。句意：怀帕区议会副市长Liz Stolwyk指出，这是怀帕居民第三次参加这两个展览。it/this was the first/second/third… time that...为固定用法，意为“这是第一次/二次/三次……”，从句用过去完成时。故填had attended。
6.（2025·江西南昌联考）Chinese hit video game Black Myth: Wukong (take) the gaming world by storm, selling more than 10 million copies across all platforms over just the past three days after its release.
【答案】has taken
【解析】考查时态。句意：中国热门视频游戏《黑神话：悟空》自发布以来的三天内，在所有平台上售出了超过1000万份，席卷了整个游戏界。空处为句子的谓语动词。根据时间状语“over just the past three days”可知，本句话为现在完成时态，主语为第三人称单数形式。故填has taken。
7.（2025·湖南长沙统考）In that century and much of the 20th century, the immigrants largely (flow) from China’s south-east regions, mainly Guangdong province.
【答案】lowed
【解析】考查动词的时态。句意：在那个世纪和20世纪的大部分时间里，移民主要来自中国的东南地区，主要是广东省。根据时间状语In that century and much of the 20th century可知，句子描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，空处应用动词的过去式形式。故填flowed。
8.（2025·江苏南通期中）Throughout centuries of history, the Grand Canal has nurtured abundant towns and villages along its path. Many an ancient town, preserved through the ages thanks to their close relationship with the canal, (stand) as the finest witnesses of civilization.
【答案】stands
【解析】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：由于与运河的密切关系，许多古老的城镇被保存了下来，成为文明的最好见证。此句主语为Many an ancient town，many a/an后接单数名词，但在此结构中，谓语动词需用单数形式。句子表述的是客观事实，故用一般现在时。故填stands。
9.（2025·河南统考）Cultural reputation and soaring sorghum costs (see) Moutai prices skyrocket over the past few years.
【答案】have seen
【解析】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：在过去的几年里，文化声誉和不断上涨的高粱成本导致茅台价格大幅上涨。空处为句子的谓语，根据时间状语over the past few years可知，此处使用现在完成时，主语为Cultural reputation and rising sorghum costs，是复数主语，助动词使用have。故填have seen。
10.（2025·江苏扬州模拟测试）The remarkable development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world, (mean) there is always something new to discover here, and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years.
【答案】means
【解析】第一步先确定设空处mean为谓语动词。句意：这座城市的显著发展，在有意识地保护过去的同时步入现代世界，意味着这里总是有新的东西等待发现，我可以在接下来的50年里拍摄北京。根据there is可知为一般现在时，主语为The remarkable development of this city，谓语用三单形式。故填means。
11.（2025·安徽省蚌埠市第二次质检）Videos of the electrifying performance soon flooded social media, and the amazed netizens called the group “the most dedicated dance crew” and 39 (speak) highly of the perfect combination of cultural heritage and futuristic technology.
【答案】spoke
【解析】考查时态。句意：这段激动人心的表演视频很快在社交媒体上疯传，惊讶的网友们称这群机器人为“最敬业的舞蹈团队”，并对文化遗产与未来科技的完美结合给予了高度评价。speak highly of“高度评价”。本空与called并列，为and后句子的谓语，根据called可知，本句描述过去的动作，时态用一般过去时，谓语用动词speak的过去式，故填spoke。
12.（2025·安徽省九师联盟模拟预测）A print edition of the Shiji (Records of the Grand Historian), which 41 (publish) in 1171, is one such example. Written in the 1st century BC by Sima Qian, it’s a foundation text of Chinese history.
【答案】was published
【解析】考查动词时态和语态。句意：1171年出版的印刷版《史记》就是这样一个例子。根据“in 1171”可知，句子时态为一般过去时，“A print edition of the Shiji (Records of the Grand Historian)”与“publish”之间是被动关系，即“《史记》的印刷版被出版”，所以用一般过去时的被动语态，其结构为“was/were + 过去分词”，主语是单数。故填was published。
13.（2025·河北省部分高中综合素质评价）First, few market stalls (摊位) sell fresh fruit, as it 39 (sour) quickly in the tropical heat, so keeping the fruit fresh has already been energy-consuming. Then, the fruit’s brown shell has to be painstakingly peeled off to reveal its glistening, milky white flesh.
【答案】sours
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：首先，很少有市场摊位出售新鲜水果，因为它在热带高温下很快就会变酸。动词sour(变酸)作从句谓语，根据语境可知，这里描述的是客观事实，用一般现在时，主语it是第三人称单数代词，谓语动词用单数形式。故填sours。
14.（2025·湖北省部分高中协作体高三一模）Kites, which were invented over 2,000 years ago in China 37 (believe) to be the earliest flying objects created by humans.
【答案】are believed
【解析】考查动词时态语态。句意：风筝是2000多年前在中国发明的，被认为是人类创造的最早的飞行物体。分析句子可知，此处为谓语动词的填入，主语为复数名词Kites和动词believe为被动关系，结合句意可知，为陈述客观事实，所以为一般现在时的被动语态结构。故填are believed。
15.（2025·辽宁省大连市三校联考高三模拟）Lately, developed by a group of talented Chinese researchers, DeepSeek, a Chinese-made AI, 36 (burst) into the global spotlight, with the aim of advancing artificial intelligence technology.
【答案】has burst
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：最近，由中国一群才华横溢的研究人员开发的DeepSeek，一个中国制造的人工智能，已经成为全球关注的焦点，旨在推动人工智能技术的发展。根据时间状语Lately可知，此处应用现在完成时，主语为DeepSeek，助动词用has。故填has burst。
16.（2025·江苏泰州期中）The ancient city walls and historical sites in Nanjing stand as witnesses to the passage of time. Suzhou, another famous city in Jiangsu, is known for its beautiful classical gardens, which are like jewels that (craft) carefully over centuries.
【答案】have been crafted
【解析】考查时态，语态和主谓一致。句意：苏州，江苏的另一个著名城市，以其美丽的古典园林而闻名，这些园林就像经过几个世纪精心雕琢的珠宝。that指代的先行词jewels是被雕刻，句子用被动语态，由over centuries可知，时态用现在完成时，因此空格处是现在完成时的被动语态，主语that指代的先行词jewels是复数，因此空格处是have been crafted，故填have been crafted。
时间：10分钟 满分：15分 得分：_______
1．Yesterday large amounts of honey and butter (be) used to make this kind of snack.
【答案】were
【解析】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：昨天人们用了大量的蜂蜜和黄油来做这种点心。be动词作本句谓语，根据时间状语Yesterday可知，用一般过去时，large amounts of“大量的”修饰不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。故填were。
2．The sky was clear when we headed off, but storms moved in fast in the mountains, and this one quickly (interrupt) our peaceful morning trip.
【答案】interrupted
【解析】考查时态。句意：当我们出发时，天空晴朗，但山上的暴风雨来得很快，这场暴风雨很快打断了我们平静的早晨旅行。空处为并列句的谓语动词，根据“moved ”可知，本句为一般过去时。故填interrupted。
3．This was the sort of work that made you appreciate the dollars you (earn) and respect those who did the work, he told me.
【答案】earned
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：这种工作让你珍惜你赚的钱，并尊重那些做这种工作的人，他告诉我。“you ____ (earn)”为定语从句，修饰dollars，本空为从句的谓语，根据was可知，从句描述过去的动作，故时态用一般过去时，谓语用earn“赚”的过去式earned。故填earned。
4．Not only we forget to turn off the light in the kitchen, but we also failed to lock the front door.
【答案】did
【解析】考查部分倒装和时态。句意：我们不仅忘记关厨房的灯，而且也没有锁好前门。not only位于句首，使用部分倒装，由failed可知此处为一般过去时，所以应填助动词did，故填did。
5．Though not known to use tools in the wild, the birds (prove) skilful at tool use while kept in the cage.
【答案】have proved
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：虽然在野外尚未发现这些鸟会使用工具，但把它们关在笼子里时，已证明它们很擅长使用工具。空处是句子的谓语动词，根据句意，句子描述的是鸟类到目前为止所呈现出的情况，强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的结果或影响，应用现在完成时，句子的主语the birds是复数形式，助动词用have。故填have proved。
6．As far as I know, it (be) three years since we were reunited with each other last time.
【答案】has been
【解析】考查固定句型，时态和主谓一致。句意：据我所知，我们上次见面已经有三年了。“it has been+时间段+since”是固定句型，意为“自从……以来已经有多长时间了”，因此空格处是has been。故填has been。
7．In the past decades, China’s transport (achieve) significantly so that Chinese people have access to various ways of traveling.
【答案】has achieved
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：在过去的几十年里，中国的交通取得了巨大的成就，使中国人有了各种各样的旅行方式。空格处是谓语部分，根据时间状语In the past decades可知，句子用现在完成时；主语是China’s transport，谓语动词用三单形式。故填has achieved。
8．I (participate) in a volunteer programme, visiting elderly people in my area for the last three years.
【答案】have participated
【解析】考查时态。句意：在过去的三年里，我参加了一个志愿者项目，拜访了我所在地区的老年人。根据后文for the last three years可知为现在完成时，主语为I，助动词用have。故填have participated。
9．Not only are tea- related customs found across the country, but also they (influence) the rest of the world since ancient times through the ancient Silk Road and trade routes.
【答案】have influenced/have been influencing
【解析】考查现在完成（进行）时。句意：与茶有关的习俗不仅遍布全国，而且自古以来就通过古丝绸之路和贸易路线影响着世界其他地区。根据since ancient times可知句子用现在完成时，也可用现在完成进行时，表示动作从过去某个时间开始，一直持续到现在，可能仍会持续下去，主语they表示复数意义，故填have influenced/have been influencing。
10．I (intend) to go outing yesterday, but I had an unexpected visitor.
【答案】had intended
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：我昨天原本打算去外出的，但是有一个不速之客来访。根据“yesterday”和“but”可知，此处表示过去没有实现的愿望，需用虚拟语气，应用过去完成时had intended to do。故填had intended。
11．Even though we (lose) a lot, moments like those gave us hope for the future.
【答案】had lost
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：尽管我们失去了很多，但这样的时刻给了我们对未来的希望。分析句子可知，设空处是让步状语从句的谓语部分，需要动词lose构成谓语部分，根据主句中的gave以及句意可知，lose动作发生在gave之前，此处应使用过去完成时，故填had lost。
12．By the end of he was 14 years old, he (learn) advanced mathematics by himself.
【答案】had learnt/had learned
【解析】考查时态。句意：到14岁的时候，他已经自学了高等数学。根据上文By the end of he was 14 years old可知为过去的过去，用过去完成时。故填had learnt/learned。
13．The rising sun (colour) the sky bright red when we climbed onto the top of the mountain.
【答案】coloured/had coloured
【解析】考查时态。句意：当我们登上山顶时，冉冉升起的太阳把天空染成了鲜红色。动词colour意为“渲染，为……着色”。根据语境可知事情发生在过去，故时态用一般过去时，本空用过去式coloured。也可以理解为，在“我们”到达山顶之前，太阳把天空染成了鲜红色这件事已经发生，句子时态用过去完成时。故填coloured或had coloured。
14．What excites the organizing committee is that the Peony Pavilion (attract) a growing young audience since its premiere in Beijing.
【答案】has attracted/has been attracting
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：令组委会兴奋的是，《牡丹亭》在北京首演后吸引了越来越多的年轻观众。attract是表语从句谓语动词，表示过去的动作或状态持续到现在，或对现在造成的影响，可能持续发生下去，用现在完成时；或表示动作从过去某个时刻开始一直持续到现在，甚至将来，强调进行的过程，用现在完成进行时；从句主语the Peony Pavilion第三人称单数，从句谓语单数形式。故填has attracted/has been attracting。
15．Jasmine Flower is a popular Chinese song which (date) from the 18th century.
【答案】dates
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：《茉莉花》是一首受欢迎的中国歌曲，它可以追溯到 18 世纪。本空是which引导的定语从句的谓语，从句修饰先行词a popular Chinese song，date from表示“追溯到，始于”，这个短语通常没有被动语态，也不用于进行时态，且从句描述的是客观事实，所以此处应用一般现在时。关系代词which指代先行词a popular Chinese song，为第三人称单数，所以谓语动词 date要用第三人称单数形式dates。故填dates。
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