查漏知识 专题03 非谓语动词
(思维导图+高频考点+关键能力+模拟新题+押题预测)
目录
知识点：非谓语动词 2
【必记核心知识思维导图】非谓语动词核心知识思维导图 2
【考情分析】 2
高频考点1：考查非谓语动词作状语 2
【真题回顾】 3
【解题必备】精准解题指导 提高关键能力 6
高频考点2：考查非谓语动词作定语 7
【真题回顾】 7
【解题必备】精准解题指导 提高关键能力 9
高频考点3：考查非谓语动词作宾补 11
【真题回顾】 11
【解题必备】精准解题指导 提高关键能力 13
高频考点4：考查非谓语动词作宾语 14
【真题回顾】 14
【解题必备】精准解题指导 提高关键能力 15
高频考点5：考查非谓语动词作主语和表语 16
【真题回顾】 16
【解题必备】精准解题指导 提高关键能力 17
【模拟新题】精选模拟新题及时跟踪演练 18
【押题预测】依据高考的命题思想，结合重点知识，深度预测高考试题..............................................................21
知识点：非谓语动词
高频考点1、考查非谓语动词作状语
不定式作状语
1.（2024·新课标I卷）The design features ten steel “sepals (萼片)” made of glass and aluminium (铝). These sepals open on warm days (give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air.
【答案】to give
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：温室在温暖的日子里开放，利用液压系统为内部植物提供阳光和通风。use sth. to do sth.为固定搭配，表示“使用某物去做某事”，所以空处应用动词不定式形式作宾语补足语。故填to give。
2.（2024九省联考卷）He knows that computers are here (stay) and that they will not disappear.
【答案】to stay
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：他知道电脑会一直存在，不会消失。be here to stay是一个固定短语，表示“固定下来; 普遍认可; 成为风尚”。故填to stay。
3.（2024浙江1月卷）The shelves in most supermarkets are full of family-size this and multi-buy that. However, if you’re shopping for one, buying extra (benefit) from price reductions doesn’t make sense.
【答案】 to benefit
【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：然而，如果你是想买一件，那么多买一件来享受降价是没有意义的。根据“buying extra”和“from price reductions”可知，此处是指多买一件来享受降价，所以应用to do不定式作目的状语。故填to benefit。
4.（2023全国甲卷）For thousands of years, people have told fables (寓言) __________ (teach) a lesson or to pass on wisdom.
【答案】to teach
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：几千年来，人们通过讲寓言来传授知识或传授智慧。根据句意可知，此处表达“来传授知识和智慧”，所以用不定式作目的状语。故填to teach。
5.（2022新课标I卷）The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that were previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority __________ (increase) effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.
【答案】 to increase
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区，将许多现有的大熊猫保护区纳入一个管理机构，以提高效率，减少管理上的不一致性。设空处在句中作非谓语，做目的状语，应用动词的不定式的形式。故填to increase。
动词不定式作状语 (1)动词不定式作目的状语时，常位于句首或句中，形式上可用in order to do，so as to do，to do等，但so as to do不能置于句首。 In order to pass the exam，he worked hard.为了通过考试，他努力学习。 (2)动词不定式作结果状语时常用于too...to do，enough to do，so/such...as to，only/just to do结构中。 He is such a good teacher as to be respected by all his students.他是个如此好的老师，以至于受到他所有学生的尊敬。 He rushed to the station，only to find that the train had left.他匆忙赶到火车站，却发现火车已经开走了。 (3)在be happy/glad/sorry/sad/surprised to do sth结构中作原因状语。 He was surprised to be informed of the news.被告知这一消息，他感到吃惊。
二、考查固现在分词作状语
1．(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)___44___ (recall)watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare’s play Richard III in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion.
【答案】Recalling
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：回忆起几年前在上海观看莎士比亚戏剧《理查三世》的中国版，并遇见前来斯特拉特福德表演《牡丹亭》部分片段的中国演员时，Edmondson说：“听到中文，看到汤显祖的戏剧是如何被表演的，非常激动人心。”非谓语动词担当状语，主语“Edmondson”和动词“recall”之间为主动关系，用现在分词形式担当状语；出现在句首，首字母大写。故填Recalling。
2.（2024·北京高考卷）Just then, some kids ran at him, 19 (knock) his books out of his arms. His glasses went flying and landed in the grass.
【答案】knocking
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：就在这时，一些孩子朝他跑来，把他的书从他怀里撞了出来。句中已有谓语ran，空处作非谓语动词，knock与逻辑主语some kids之间是主动关系，应用现在分词形式knocking作状语。故填knocking。
3.（2023·全国乙卷） (visit) several times over the last 10 years, I was amazed by the co-existence of old and new,and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing.
【答案】Having visited
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:在过去的10年中,“我”多次游览这个城市,对于新旧并存以及城市能够在不断扩张的同时保留如此丰富的文化遗产感到惊讶。本空在句中作状语,动词visit和句子主语I之间为逻辑上的主动关系,且根据空后时间状语over the last 10 years可知,应用现在完成时,故本空应用现在分词的完成式,表示“主动和完成”关系。
1．作状语的分词要求其逻辑主语与句子的主语保持一致。 2．如句子的主语是分词动作的发出者，就用现在分词形式(doing)。 3．若现在分词的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，则用现在分词的完成形式(having done)。 4．若与句中主语为逻辑上的动宾关系，且先于谓语动词动作发生，用现在分词完成式的被动形式(having been done)。
三、考查过去分词作状语
1.（2024·北京高考卷）And when 16 (ask) about his new title, he shared the secret: moderation (适度).
【答案】asked
【解析】考查状语从句的省略。句意：当被问及他的新头衔时，他分享了秘诀：适度。结合语意，when引导的时间状语从句中，主语为he，且ask与he之间是被动关系，应用被动语态be asked，状语从句中，从句主语与主句主语一致，且从句中含有be动词形式，则从句中的“主语+be动词”可以省略。故填asked。
2.（2025·辽宁省名校联盟联考） (compare) with Chinese festivals, which often center around family reunion (团聚) and respecting ancestors, western festivals tend to emphasize celebration, reflecting a more individualistic culture.
【答案】Compared
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：中国的节日通常以家庭团聚和尊敬祖先为中心，与之相比，西方的节日往往强调庆祝，反映了一种更个人主义的文化。句中谓语是tend，空格处用非谓语动词，此处过去分词短语作状语，western festivals和compare之间是逻辑动宾关系，因此空格处用过去分词表被动，位于句首的单词首字母大写，故填Compared。
1．作状语的过去分词要求其逻辑主语与句子的主语保持一致。 2．如句子的主语是分词动作的承受者，就用过去分词形式(done)。 3．过去分词作状语相当于状语从句或者并列句，表示被动和完成。 4．带有连词的过去分词结构相当于一个省略句,省略的部分为主语+be的相应变化形式。The girl is very shy, and never speaks until spoken to. 这女孩怕羞，不给她说话她从不说话。 5．选择现在分词还是过去分词，关键看主句的主语，即与句子主语的逻辑关系， 如分词的动作是主句的主语发出，分词就选用现在分词，反之就用过去分词。 6. 如果过去分词作状语时,前面再加逻辑主语, 主句的主语就不再是分词的逻辑主语, 这种带逻辑主语的过去分词结构实际上属于独立主格结构. 独立主格结构相当于从句主语与主句主语不一致的状语从句，或者前后主语不一致的并列句的简化。
非谓语动词作状语
1.不定式作状语
(1)作目的状语，可用so as to/in order to替换，但 so as to一般不可置于句首，意为“为了；想要”。
[2020·全国卷Ⅰ]Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang'e-4 to find and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin.
中国的研究者希望使用“嫦娥四号”上的设备来发现和研究南极-艾特肯盆地。
(2)作结果状语，常表示出乎意料的结果，常用于下列结构中：only to do；enough to do(足够做……)；too... to do... (太……而不能……)；so/such... as to... (如此……以至于……)等。
Tom took a taxi to the airport, only to find his plane high up in the sky.
汤姆乘出租车去了机场，结果发现他要乘坐的飞机已飞入高空。
(3)作原因状语，常用在“主语＋系动词＋形容词＋to do”结构中。这类形容词有easy, difficult, hard, cheap，expensive，fit，comfortable，dangerous，heavy，good，important，impossible，surprised，astonished, delighted, disappointed 等。
We were astonished to find the temple still in its original condition.
令我们吃惊的是，这座寺庙仍保持着最初的样子。
2．分词作状语
现在分词作状语时，现在分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主动关系。过去分词作状语时，过去分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的被动关系。
[2020·江苏卷]Technological innovations, combined with good marketing, will promote the sales of these products.
部分过去分词作状语时不表示被动，也不表示完成，而表示一种状态。常见的：located (坐落于), lost(迷路的), seated(坐着的), hidden(躲着的), lost/absorbed/buried in(沉溺于), dressed in(穿着), tired of(厌烦的), faced with(面对着)。
3．独立成分作状语
有些分词或不定式短语作状语，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响，称作独立成分。常考的有generally/frankly/roughly/strictly speaking, talking of, speaking of, judging from/by, taking everything into consideration, compared to/with, to be frank，to tell(you)the truth, to be honest, to make things worse 等。
Judging from his accent, he is from Hong Kong.从口音判断，他来自香港。
To tell you the truth, I am a little tired.说实话，我有点累。
4．独立主格结构
非谓语动词作状语时，它的逻辑主语应和句子主语保持一致。但有时非谓语动词带有自己的逻辑主语，在句子中作状语，我们称之为独立主格结构。
(1)独立主格结构的特点：①独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。②独立主格结构中作逻辑主语的名词或代词与后面的分词或不定式是逻辑上的主动或被动关系。③独立主格结构一般用逗号与句子分开。
(2)独立主格结构的常见构成：①名词/代词＋分词；②名词/代词＋不定式；③with/without＋名词/代词＋分词/不定式。
Weather permitting, we shall play the match tomorrow.明天如果天气好，我们就进行比赛。
The test finished(＝When the test was finished)，we began our holiday.考试结束后，我们就开始放假了。
高频考点2、考查非谓语动词作定语
过去分词作定语
1.（2025年1月浙江高考）Tanya’s shop offers fashion clothes for women 60 (rent) rather than purchase them outright, providing a less expensive solution to one-time event dressing.
【答案】to rent
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：坦尼娅的店提供女性时尚服装供租赁，而不是让她们直接购买，为一次性活动着装提供了一个更便宜的解决方案。“for women (rent)”作后置定语，修饰名词词组fashion clothes，意为“女性租赁的衣服”，用不定式to rent作后置定语，主动表被动。故填to rent。
2．(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)A statue commemorating Shakespeare and Tang was put up at Shakespeare’s Birthplace Garden in 2017. Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, 40 (inspire)by The Peony Pavilion, was built at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace.
【答案】inspired
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：两年后，一座六米高的亭子在菲斯花园落成，该花园距离莎士比亚故居仅十分钟步行路程，其灵感来自《牡丹亭》。非谓语动词担当后置定语，被修饰词“a six-meter-tall pavilion”和动词“inspire”之间为被动关系，用过去分词形式。故填inspired。
3.（2023·新高考Ⅰ卷）Shanghai may be the (recognize) home of the soup dumplings but food historians will actually point you to the neighbouring canal town of Nanxiang as Xiao long bao’s birthplace.
【答案】recognized
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:上海可能是公认的汤包之乡,但美食历史学家实际上会告诉你,邻近的运河小镇南翔才是小笼包的发源地。空处在名词home前面,需用分词作定语,空处与被修饰词是逻辑上的动宾关系,需填过去分词recognized“被公认的”。
1.过去分词作定语只有一个词时，通常放在被修饰的名词前面(但也有例外)，是一个短语作定语时，就放在被修饰的名词之后。过去分词作定语时，被修饰的名词与过去分词之间是被动关系。 2. 以下过去分词作定语只表示完成，不表示被动: a fallen tree/leaf:倒下的树/落叶 the risen sun/moon:升起了的太阳/月亮 a faded rose:凋谢的玫瑰花 a retired worker: 退休工人 an escaped prisoner:逃犯 a returned student: 归国留学生
现在分词作定语
1.(2023年新高考Ⅱ卷) They talk to the flood of international tourists and to (visit) Chinese zookeepers who often come to check on the pandas, which are on loan from China.
【答案】visiting
【解析】考查现在分词作定语。句意:他们要与大量的国际游客和经常前来看这些熊猫的中国动物园饲养员交谈,这些熊猫是从中国暂借的。本空在句中作定语,修饰名词词组Chinese zookeepers,被修饰的名词词组和动词visit之间为主动关系,故本空应用现在分词作定语。
2.（2022 新高考Ⅱ卷）Henry Tyler made the catch of the year on the weekend. When he saw a young child hanging from a sixth-floor apartment balcony (阳台), Henry ran one hundred metres, jumped over a 1.2-metre fence, and held out his arms to catch the __________ (fall) child.
【答案】falling
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：当亨利看到一个小男孩挂在六楼公寓的阳台上时，他跑了100米，跳过了1.2米高的栅栏，伸出双臂去接要掉下来的孩子。句中的hold out为谓语动词，设空处应该使用非谓语动词。根据句意，fall为动词，意为“掉落”， child和fall之间是主动关系，同时表示正在进行的含义。故应该使用现在分词作定语。故填falling。
现在分词(短语)作定语与所修饰的名词之间存在着逻辑上的主动关系，表示该动作的主动和进行。 表示心理状态的动词－ing形式，意为“令人……的”；动词－ed形式，意为“(人)感到……的”，也可修饰体现内心感受的look，expression，tears，smile，voice等名词。
不定式作定语
1.（2022·全国甲卷）A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days to Xi’an, as a first step ______ (journey) the Belt and Road route (路线) by foot.
【答案】 to journey
【解析】考查不定式作定语。近日，一名来自北京的盲人徒步40天来到西安，作为“一带一路”徒步旅行的第一步。此处journey为动词，表示“旅行”，step前面有序数词，用不定式，作后置定语。故填to journey。
2.（2019新课标II卷）Picking up her "Lifetime Achievement" award，proud Irene declared she had no plans _____________（retire） from her 36-year-old business.
【答案】to retire
【解析】考查不定式作定语。句意：获得“终身成就”奖时，艾琳骄傲地宣布她没有从36年的公司退休的计划。此处用to do sth做后置定语,用来修饰前面的名词plan,表示“…的计划”，故填to retire。
不定式作定语： ①常接不定式作定语的词有：chance，opportunity，ability，decision，right（权利），不定代词等。 1)The ability to express an idea is as important as the idea itself. 2)Today I have nothing/something to say at the conference. ②不定式作定语，修饰序数词等 She was the first/second/third/tenth (student) to come to school today.
非谓语动词作定语
1.不定式作定语
(1)不定式作定语通常放在所修饰词之后，表示将来的动作。不定式与其所修饰的词之间往往是动宾关系，若该不定式是不及物动词，其后应有必要的介词。
Suddenly a good idea occurred to her，but she couldn't find any paper to write on.
突然她想到了一个好主意，但是她找不到纸把它写下来。
(2)序数词，形容词最高级，the last, the only 等后或被这些词修饰的名词/代词后，常用不定式作定语。
He is always the first to arrive at the school and the last to leave the school.
他总是第一个到校，最后一个离校。
(3)被修饰词是抽象名词时，常用不定式作定语。常见名词：ability, chance, idea, hope, wish, fact, excuse, promise, attempt, way 等。
The ability to express an idea is as important as the idea itself.
表达观点的能力与观点本身同等重要。
2．分词作定语
(1)作定语的及物动词的分词形式：现在分词、being＋过去分词、过去分词。当被修饰的名词与分词之间为主动关系时，用现在分词；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表示正在进行时，用being＋过去分词；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表示完成时，用过去分词。
(2)作定语的不及物动词的分词形式：现在分词和过去分词。现在分词表示动作正在进行；过去分词只表示动作已完成，不表示被动。
[2021·浙江卷1月]In 1985，urban men and women in more than three quarters of the countries studied had higher BMIs than men and women in rural areas.
1985年，在被研究的国家中，超过四分之三的城市男性和女性的BMIs高于农村地区的男性和女性。
表示被动、完成用过去分词(done)；表示主动、进行用现在分词(doing)；表示被动、进行用being done；表示主动、尚未进行用to do；表示被动的动作尚未进行用to be done。试比较： ①The bridge built recently was designed by a local company. ②Today there are more airplanes carrying more people than ever before in the sky. ③The bridge being built now was designed by a local company. ④The question to be discussed at tomorrow's meeting is very important.
3．动名词作定语
表示被修饰词的属性、作用或用途，作 “ 供……用”讲，相当于介词 for 短语，常 置于被修饰词前。
a swimming pool=a pool for swimming 游泳池
a reading room = a room for reading 阅览室
a washing machine = a machine for washing 洗衣机
a walking stick=a stick for walking 拐杖
高频考点3、考查非谓语动词作宾补
不定式作宾补
1.（2023·新高考Ⅰ卷）Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them (lift) out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of their contents.
【答案】to be lifted
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:除了南翔,最好的小笼包有精美的外皮,可以让它们从蒸笼篮中拿出来,而不会撕裂或溢出里面的馅。根据固定搭配allow sb to do sth“允许某人做某事”,空处需用动词不定式作宾语补足语,补足语与宾语是逻辑上的动宾关系,空处需填动词不定式的被动形式to be lifted。
动词不定式在平时模拟考试中，考查的频度较大，导致很多学生产生思维定势，见到不定式的题就用一般式to do的形式，这是平时训练的缺陷。临近高考前要进一步强化，做到查漏补缺。
2.（2022·浙江卷）Through touch, the one thing gallery signs tell you not __________ (do).
【答案】 to do
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：通过触摸，这是画廊招牌告诉你不要做的一件事。tell sb not to do sth“告诉某人不要做某事”为固定短语。故填to do。
不定式作宾语补足语： ①常接不定式作宾补的动词有：ask/beg/require/request/tell/advise/allow/permit/cause/encourage/expect/wish/force/oblige/invite/ need/order/persuade/remind/teach/urge/want/get/like/hate/warn/help/prefer sb to do……: 例：Miss Janson persuaded the boy not to smoke any more. ②在feel, hear, listen to, look at, see, watch, notice, let, make, have等动词在主动语态时，后面作宾语补足语接的动词前不能加to； 但以上动词如为被动语态，后面接的动词前要加to。 1）Paul doesn’t have to be made to learn. He always works hard. 2）The teacher is often listened to to sing the English song at home.
分词作宾补
1.（2023·新高考Ⅰ卷）No matter where I buy them, one steamer is rarely enough, yet two seems greedy, so I am always left (want) more next time.
【答案】wanting
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:无论我在哪里买它们,一笼都不够,但是两笼又显得太贪心了,所以我总是想下次多买点儿。此处考查“leave sb+宾语补足语”,I与want之间是主动关系,用现在分词wanting。
2.（2020·新课标II卷）They make great gifs and you see them many times (decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.
【答案】 decorated
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：它们是很好的礼物，你会经常看到它们装饰着红包和好运的信息。句中them指代前句中的orange trees，与decorate之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填decorated。
3.（2020新课标III卷）And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds____________ (surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears.
【答案】surrounding
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：当他看到雾气从河上升起，山顶上乌云环绕，他不禁流下了眼泪。分析句子结构可知，surrounding the mountain tops作宾补，surround在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语clouds构成主动关系，故应用现在分词。故填surrounding。
1. 使役动词have, get, make, leave, keep等后可用过去分词或现在分词做宾语补足语。 She raised her voice to make herself heard by all the people in the hall. 她提高了嗓音让大厅里的人都能听得见她说的话。 2. 感官动词see, hear, notice, observe, watch, feel, find等后，可用过去分词或现在分词做宾语补足语。 I saw an old man knocked down by a car just now. 刚才我看到一位老人被车撞倒了。 3. 表示“意愿;命令”的动词，如like, want, wish, order等后,可用过去分词做宾语补足语，相当于过去分词前省略了to be。 They are talking about the plan they wish carried out next year.他们正在谈论着希望明年能实施的那个计划。 4. 在“with +宾语+过去分词”结构中，过去分词用作介词with的宾语补足语，过去分词与宾语之间为动宾关系。这一结构通常在句中做时间、方式、条件、原因等状语。 She usually works in her study with the door locked. 她通常锁着门在书房工作。
非谓语动词作宾补
1.不定式作宾补
不定式作宾补时，宾语和不定式之间在逻辑上是主谓关系，不定式表示将要发出的主动动作。常接不定式作宾补的动词(短语)：advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, encourage, expect, forbid, force, intend, invite, order, persuade, prefer, require, remind, tell, want, warn, wish, call on, depend on等。
If we expect people to give up the habit of driving，we must give them an alternative they can rely on.
如果我们期望人们放弃开车的习惯，我们必须给他们可以依赖的选择。
Having finished her project, she was invited by the school to speak to the new students.
完成项目之后，她被学校邀请去给新生讲话。
(1)有些动词，如think, consider, believe, suppose, feel, find, understand等后常用to be作宾补或主补。
Chinese people are considered to be the most hard-working people in the world.
中国人被认为是世界上最勤劳的人民。
(2)在sb. be said/believed/known/reported/considered/thought＋to do/to have done结构中，不定式用作主语补足语。
The president was reported to have visited China.
据报道，那位总统已经访问了中国。
2．分词作宾补
(1)现在分词作宾补时，动词与宾语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，且强调正在进行的主动动作。可接现在分词作宾补的常见动词：感官动词(see, watch, observe, notice, hear, listen, feel)，使役动词(have, get), find, leave, keep, catch等。
Listen! Do you hear someone calling for help
听！你听到有人正在呼喊救命吗？
(2)过去分词作宾补时，动词与宾语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，且表示被动动作。可接过去分词作宾补的常见动词：感官动词(see, watch, observe, notice, hear, listen, feel)，使役动词(have, make, let, get), find, leave, keep等。
He found himself surrounded by so many strangers.
他发现自己周围有那么多陌生人。
(3)使役动词have, get后接非谓语动词作补语的异同点：
①have sth. done＝get sth. done让别人做某事；
②have sb./sth. doing让……一直做某事；
get sth./sb. doing 使……开始做某事；
③have sb. do sth. ＝get sb. to do sth. 让某人做某事。
Before driving into the city, you are required to get your car washed.在开车进城之前，你需要洗洗车。
with的复合结构：①with＋宾语＋doing表示主动，说明动作正在发生或经常发生；②with＋宾语＋done表示被动或完成；③with＋宾语＋to do表示将要发生的动作。 The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog following them. 这老两口常常在晚饭后到公园里散步，他们的宠物狗则在后面跟着。 With such a short time left before the deadline, it doesn't seem likely that John will finish the job. 截止日期之前只剩下很短的时间，约翰似乎不可能完成工作了。 With a lot of work to do, she wasn't allowed to leave her office. 由于有许多工作要做，她不被允许离开办公室。
高频考点4、考查非谓语动词作宾语
1.（2025年1月·浙江卷）“I really want to make this work for people’s lives today, and I know that doesn’t always mean 65 (return) a dress on the Monday after a special weekend,” she says.
【答案】returning
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我真的想让这个(服装租赁服务)适合如今人们的生活，我知道这并不总是意味着在一个特别的周末后的周一归还礼服。根据句意，表示“意味着……”，用固定搭配mean doing sth.，意为“意味着做某事”，用动名词作宾语。故填returning。
2.（2024·全国甲卷）Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level, the national parks, in particular, tend 41 （catch）our attention because of their large size and variety.
【答案】to catch
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：尽管村子任何层级的各种规模和类型的公园，但特别是国家公园，由于其规模大、种类多，往往会引起我们的注意。固定搭配：tend to do sth.，表示“倾向于做某事”，不定式作宾语，故填to catch。
3.（2023·新高考Ⅰ卷 ）The dumplings arrive steaming and dangerously hot. To eat one, you have to decide whether (bite) a small hole in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill(溢出), or to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue.
【答案】to bite
【解析】考查动词不定式。句意:吃小笼包的时候,你必须要决定是先咬一个小口,释放蒸汽,让里面的汤汁流出来还是把整个小笼包放进嘴里,让热汤在舌头上爆炸。空处与后面to put 并列,充当decide的宾语。
不定式作宾语： ①常接不定式作宾语的词：like/love/want/wish/hope/expect/desire/hate/prefer/continue/manage/try/ask/beg/demand/afford/offer/fail/start/begin/forget/remember/promise/mean/intend/attempt/decide/determine/learn/agree/choose/pretend/arrange to do…: ②it作形式宾语代不定式: find/think/consider/feel/make it + 形/名 + to 不定式: 发现/认为/使得做…是…We find it necessary to master German and French.
非谓语动词作宾语
1.只接不定式作宾语的动词：
agree, plan, demand, promise, prepare, decide, refuse, choose, wish, hope, expect, fail (未能), pretend, manage, determine, beg, arrange, threaten, claim, hesitate, wait, happen (碰巧)等。
[2021·全国乙卷]Activities there range from whale watching to hiking(远足)and accommodations aim to have a low impact on the natural environment.
这里的活动从观鲸到徒步旅行并且住宿宗旨是对自然环境影响达到很小。
2．只接动名词作宾语的动词及短语：
admit, avoid, consider, escape(避开), imagine, mind, miss, practise, suggest, feel like, give up, put off, object to, look forward to等。此外，have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth. ；have fun (in) doing sth. 等结构中也用动名词作宾语。
I avoided mentioning the subject in case he should be offended.
我避免提及这个话题，以免冒犯他。
It's quite hot today. Do you feel like going for a swim
今天很热。你想去游泳吗？
3．接不定式与动名词作宾语意义不同的动词：
(1)动词want, need, require作“需要”讲时，其后要用v.-ing形式的主动形式或不定式的被动形式作宾语。与此用法相同的动词还有deserve(值得)。 (2)不定式作动词(短语)learn, decide, know, wonder, show, tell, understand, explain, teach, advise, find out 等的宾语时，前面常带引导词how, what, whether, where, when, who等。 (3)介词后一般要接v.-ing形式作宾语，但介词but/except后接不定式作宾语时，若前有实义动词do，不定式要省略to。
高频考点4、考查非谓语动词作主语和表语
1.（2021·英语全国甲卷）It is possible ______ (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.
【答案】to walk
【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：步行或骑自行车跑完整个14公里是可能的。分析句子可知，此处为句型“it +be+adj+to do sth.”，it为形式主语，动词walk的不定式短语作真正主语。故填to walk。
2.（2020·北京卷）It takes them hundreds of years __________ (break) down. Many of these bags end up in the ocean where larger ones can trap sea creatures, such as turtles and dolphins.
【答案】to break
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：它们用几百年的时间才分解。固定句型It takes sb./sth. +一段时间+ to do sth.（花某人/物多长时间干某事），此处用动词不定式（to do ）作真正主语，It形式主语。故填to break。
不定式作主语： 1．不定式作主语：动词用单数。To do morning exercises is useful for our health. 2．表示具体的某次动作，特别是将来发生的动作，多用不定式作主语。表示比较抽象的一般行为或者经常性习惯性的动作时，多用doing作主语。 3．在下列两个句型中it是形式主语，不定式是真正主语；of sb和for sb是不定式的逻辑主语： A. It is/was + 形容词（of sb）to do sth. 【赞扬，责备的形容词通常用of sb作逻辑主语：wrong, right, kind, nice, brave, careful, careless, greedy, honest, lazy, modest, selfish, thoughtful, impolite, polite, clever, foolish, silly, stupid, cruel, rude, generous，considerate…】 B. It is/was + 形容词（for sb）to do sth. 【以下形容词通常用for sb作逻辑主语：easy, hard, difficult, important, necessary, impossible, possible, safe, dangerous, unusual, wonderful…。多数情况都用for sb作逻辑主语。】 1)It is polite (of you) to respect the old. 2)It is important (for us) to do as the Romans do.
3.（2018新课标III卷）I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid looking directly into his eyes so he doesn't feel_____________(challenge).
【答案】challenged
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我迅速放下身子，低下头，避免直接看他的眼睛，这样他就不会觉得有挑战。此处feel为系动词，之后缺表语，故用过去分词challenged，表示"被挑战的"，所以用过去分词。
非谓语动词作主语和表语
1.不定式作主语和表语
(1)不定式作主语时，一般表示具体某一次的动作。若不定式太长，常用it作形式主语而将不定式后置。
[2021·全国甲卷]It is possible to walk or bike the entire 14 kilometers.
步行或骑行这完整的14千米是可能的。
(2)不定式作表语时：①表示预定要发生的动作；②当主语是aim, purpose, idea, plan, wish, decision, choice等词时，常用不定式作表语；③主语为what引导的名词性从句时，表语多用不定式。
His wish is to be a doctor in the future.
他的愿望是将来当一名医生。
What I want to do most in senior high school is to improve my English.
我在高中最想做的事就是提高我的英语水平。
2．动名词作主语和表语
(1)动名词作主语常表示抽象的、泛指的概念，也可用it作形式主语，把作真正主语的动名词短语放在句末。常用于固定句型：It's a waste of time doing...; It's no use/good doing...; It is useless doing...; There is no point doing... 等。
Facing up to your problems rather than running away from them is the best approach to working things out.
直面你的问题而不是逃避它们，是解决这些问题最好的方法。
It's no use complaining without taking action.
不采取行动而只是抱怨是没用的。
(2)动名词作表语时相当于名词，用于解释主语的内容，表语和主语常常可以互换位置。
My job is cleaning the house three times a week.＝Cleaning the house three times a week is my job.
我的工作是每星期打扫三次房子。
(3)remain作系动词时，意为“仍然是”时，后可接现在分词或过去分词作表语；但作不及物动词时，意为“尚待……；留待……”时，后常接to be done。
She remained standing though we repeatedly asked her to sit down.
虽然我们三番五次地请她坐下，但她还是站着。
It remains to be seen whether the newly-formed committee's policy can be put into practice.
新成立的委员会提出的方针能否实行还有待观察。
模拟新题
时间：10分钟 满分：15分 得分：_______
1.（2025·广东省大湾区普通高中毕业班联合模拟考试（一））If a building consisted of different parts 43 (connect) by courtyards, these parts were all arranged in the same line one behind another.
【答案】connected
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：如果一座建筑由不同的部分组成，并通过庭院相连，那么这些部分都排列在同一条线上，一个接一个。此处是非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰名词parts，且动词connect和parts时被动关系，应用过去分词形式，故填connected。
2.（2025·江苏省无锡市高三教学质量调研测试）During the Ming Dynasty, Gu Xiancheng, a dismissed official 37 (return) to his hometown, together with Gao PanIong and his younger brother Gu Yuncheng, raised money to restore the academy.
【答案】returning
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：明朝时，被革职的官员顾宪成和他的弟弟顾允成以及高攀龙一起回到家乡，募集资金修复书院。句中raised为谓语动词，设空处需用非谓语动词，return的逻辑主语是a dismissed official，二者之间是主动关系，所以设空处需用现在分词作后置定语。故填returning。
3.（2025·广东省大湾区普通高中毕业班联合模拟考试（一））This was best seen in the two longest-serving capitals of Luoyang and Chang’an, which were laid out with wide avenues (林荫道) and smaller streets crossing each other at 90-degree angles 37 (create) a carpet of precise shape of squares.
【答案】to create
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：这一点在洛阳和长安这两个历史最悠久的都城中得到了最好的体现，它们的宽阔大道和较小的街道以 90 度角相互交叉，形成了一块精确的正方形地毯。此处是非谓语动词作状语，表示目的，应用不定式做目的状语，故填to create。
4.（2025·安徽省合肥市高三第一次教学质量检测）Over time, as waterproofing techniques advanced, umbrellas changed from simple sunshades to essential tools for rain protection, 45 (gain) widespread popularity across the globe.
【答案】gaining
【解析】考查现在分词。句意：随着时间的推移，随着防水技术的进步，伞从简单的遮阳工具变成了必不可少的防雨工具，在全球范围内获得了广泛的普及。此处为非谓语动词短语作状语，gain与逻辑主语umbrellas之间为主动关系，所以此处使用现在分词形式。故填gaining。
5.（2025·四川省绵阳市高三二模）Despite the challenges, he believes that with the previous generation 44 (pass) on their knowledge and the next generation willing to take up the craft, the tradition of birdcage making can be preserved and continue.
【答案】passing
【解析】考查现在分词。句意：尽管面临挑战，但他相信，随着上一代人传授知识，下一代人愿意从事这项工作，雀笼制作的传统可以得到保留和延续。“with +宾语+宾补”复合结构，宾语the previous generation和非谓语动词pass是逻辑主动关系，pass用现在分词形式作宾补。故填passing。
6.（2025·海南省三亚市高三期末）However, as time passed, he saw fewer young people willing to learn the art as the income was too low 41 (attract) them.
【答案】to attract
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，随着时间的推移，他发现越来越少的年轻人愿意学习这门艺术，因为收入太低，无法吸引他们。too…to…为固定句型，表示“太……而不能……”，空处需填动词不定式。故填to attract。
7.（2025·海南省三亚市高三期末）To rescue the art, Tang joined with local experts to collect the songs by 42 (knock) on doors in local communities. More than 1,000 songs were recorded.
【答案】knocking
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了拯救这门艺术，唐（Tang）联合当地专家，走街串巷，在当地社区挨家挨户地收集这些歌曲。介词by后面接动名词作宾语。故填knocking。
8.（2025·河南省三门峡市高三期末）Firstly, seek out the ground spot, the place where the watermelon rested on the ground during its ripening phase. This spot should have a particular color, 39 (range) from pale yellow all the way to a deep golden yellow. The darker and richer this spot, the more time the watermelon had to mature before harvesting.
【答案】ranging
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：这个点应该有一个特定的颜色，从淡黄色一直到深金黄色。句中已有谓语动词should have，空处应用非谓语，color与range为主动关系，故用现在分词形式。故填ranging。
9.（2025·河南省五市高三第一次联考）Standing in ancient relics, I tried to picture the lives of those 42 (live)here thousands of years ago.
【答案】living
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：站在古代遗迹中，我努力想象着数千年前生活在这里的人们的生活场景。空处为非谓语动词担当后置定语；被修饰词“those”和动词“live”之间为主动关系，用现在分词形式。故填living。
10.（2025·江苏省南京市高三一模）These announcements, as symbols of love and individuality, remind us that some traditions are worth 45 (preserve).
【答案】preserving
【解析】考查动名词。句意：这些公告作为爱和个性的象征，提醒我们一些传统值得保留。be worth doing sth值得做某事。故填preserving。
11.（2025·黑龙江省哈师大附中、东北师大附中、辽宁省实验中学一模）As people walk along the scroll 60 (make) from up to 3 million LEGO bricks, they can picture themselves in busy streets centuries ago, where vendors were selling melons and kids were playing hide-and-seek. “
【答案】made
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：当人们沿着由300万块乐高积木制成的卷轴行走时，他们可以想象自己在几个世纪前繁忙的街道上，小贩在卖瓜，孩子们在玩捉迷藏。本句谓语为walk，此处为非谓语动词，且逻辑主语the scroll与make“制作”为被动关系，应用过去分词，作后置定语。故填made。
12.（2025·陕西省榆林市高三三模）As of 10 pm Tuesday, or five and a half hours after 41 (release), the video of the lacquerware has got 100 million views on Sina Weibo, with a total of 1. 6 million interactions, including shares, comments, and likes.
【答案】being released或release
【解析】考查非谓语动词或名词。句意：截至周二晚上10点，即发布后五个半小时，漆器视频在新浪微博上已获得1亿次观看，总互动量达到160万次，包括分享、评论和点赞。after是介词，后面接动名词形式或者名词，video和release之间是被动关系，应用动名词的被动形式，即being released或者release 。故填being released或release。
13.（2025·山东省名校考试联盟高三模拟）This system made rebuilding and 60 (maintain) the buildings much more efficient.
【答案】maintaining
【解析】考查动名词。句意：这个系统使得建筑的重建和维护更加高效。所填应是动名词形式，与空前“rebuilding”并列，作动词“made”的宾语。故填maintaining。
14.（2025·山东省聊城市高三一模）A team of 12, including four performers, uses willow scoops to fling (抛) molten iron onto a cold wall, 40 (create) a tree of sparks.
【答案】creating
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：一个由12人组成的团队，包括4名表演者，用柳勺将铁水抛向一面冷墙上，形成了一棵火花树。本句中已有谓语动词uses，所以本空是非谓语动词。此处表示自然而然的结果，所以用create“创造”的现在分词creating，作结果状语。故填creating。
15.（2025·福建省泉州市教学质量检测（三））Many of its finished products feature snowflake and flower patterns, 40 (symbolize) natural scenery.
【答案】symbolizing
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：其许多成品以雪花和花朵图案为特色，象征着自然风景。“(symbolize) natural scenery”作伴随状语，symbolize(象征)是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语Many of its finished products之间是主动关系，用现在分词表主动。故填symbolizing。
时间：10分钟 满分：15分 得分：_______
1．（2025·福建省龙岩市高三教学质量检测）Being one of the world’s first mass-produced humanoid robots, Fourier GR-1 is known for human-like features, 38 (power) by 54 joints and built-in emotional systems.
【答案】powered
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：作为世界上首批量产的人形机器人之一，傅利叶 GR-1以其类人的特征而闻名。它由54个关节驱动，并配备了内置的情感系统。空处为非谓语动词担当状语；主语“Fourier GR-1”，和动词“power”之间为被动关系，用过去分词形式。故填powered。
2.（2025·山东省名校考试联盟高三模拟） 59 (deal) with frequent natural disasters and the destruction due to wars and fighting, the builders in the Zhou region adopted the dougong bracket system.
【答案】To deal
【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：为了应对频繁的自然灾害以及战争和战斗造成的破坏，周地区的建设者采用了斗拱体系。此处为句子的目的状语，用动词不定式表达；置于句首，首字母大写。故填To deal。
3.（2025·陕西省榆林市高三三模）Li started posting short videos on Sina Weibo in 2016, 45 (feature) poetic portrayals of rural life, traditional cooking techniques, and cultural practices, such as making ink and clothing.
【答案】featuring
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：李子柒自2016年起就在新浪微博上开始发布短视频，内容以田园生活、传统烹饪技艺以及其他文化实践如制作墨水和衣物为主。句子的谓语动词是started，所以此处使用非谓语动词作状语，feature和逻辑主语Li之间是主动关系，应用现在分词，作伴随状语。故填featuring。
4.（2025·江苏省南京市高三一模）Unlike short-lived digital posts, newspaper announcements provide a sense of permanence, offering a meaningful way 39 (keep) memories during a time when digital content can’t last.
【答案】to keep
【解析】考查不定式。句意：与短暂的数字帖子不同，报纸公告提供了一种永久感，报纸了一种有意义的方式来保存记忆。way to do sth做某事的方法。不定式作后置定语。故填to keep。
5.（2025·河南省五市高三第一次联考）Seeking a hands-on experience, I realized the amazing patience and skill 37 (apply)behind every stitch(针)were such a miracle, weaving stories with threads.
【答案】applied
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了亲身体验一番，我发现每一针背后所倾注的惊人耐心与技艺堪称奇迹，用丝线编织出一个个故事。空处为非谓语动词担当后置定语；被修饰词“patience and skill”和动词“apply”之间存在被动关系，用过去分词形式。故填applied。
6.（2025·海南省三亚市高三期末）Nevertheless, Diaosheng（儋州调声）, 38 (include) in the first national intangible cultural heritage list (非遗名录), is something much older and with very different roots.
【答案】included
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，儋州调声，作为首批被列入国家非物质文化遗产名录的项目，其历史要悠久得多，且渊源截然不同。空处需填非谓语动词作后置定语，Diaosheng和include为逻辑动宾关系，需用过去分词形式。故填included。
7.（2025·广东省华附 省实 广雅 深中四校联考）A must-try dish from the world-renowned melting pot is lomo saltado — marinated (腌制的) strips of steak stir-fry with soy sauce, chopped red onions, tomatoes, crispy French fries and the unmissable ají amarillo chili pepper (黄辣椒), 38 (serve) with rice on the side. Very flavorful, yet not spicy, lomo saltado never fails to impress dinners in Peru and beyond.
【答案】served
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：来自世界著名大熔炉的一道必尝的佳肴便是lomo saltado——这是用酱油腌制的牛排条，配以切碎的红洋葱、番茄、香脆的薯条以及不可或缺的黄灯笼椒，一同快炒而成，旁边还配有米饭。句中谓语是is，空格处用非谓语动词，lomo saltado和serve之间是逻辑动宾关系，因此空格处用过去分词表被动，故填served。
8.（2025·安徽省合肥市高三第一次教学质量检测）The origins of the umbrella can be traced back over thousands of years to early human societies. Initially used as sunshades, these early umbrellas were fashioned from materials like silk or paper, and waterproofed with wax (蜡) and lacquer (漆) 37 (offer) rain protection.
【答案】to offer
【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：最初作为遮阳工具，这些早期的伞使用丝绸或纸张等材料制作，并用蜡和漆进行防水处理，以提供防雨保护。此处为非谓语动词作状语，根据句意，此处表示目的，所以使用动词不定式形式作目的状语。故填to offer。
9.（2025·广东省大湾区普通高中毕业班联合模拟考试（一））Town planning was a particular concern to the Chinese, with many of its notable features still 36 (contribute) significantly to modern architecture.
【答案】contributing
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：城市规划是中国人特别关注的问题，其许多显着特征至今仍对现代建筑做出了重大贡献。此处是with复合结构，宾语many of its notable features和动词contribute是主动关系，应用现在分词作宾语补足语，故填contributing。
10.（2025·江苏省苏州市高三学业质量阳光指标调研）The two most common types among all the caves are those with a niche(壁龛) 62 (contain) sculptures on the west wall, and caves with a central column covered in sculptures.
【答案】containing
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：在所有洞窟中，最常见的两种类型是西墙上有一个壁龛用来放置雕塑的洞窟，以及中间有一根柱子且上面覆盖着雕塑的洞窟。空白处在句子中作后置定语，因与其逻辑主语a niche之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，所以用现在分词，故填containing。
11.（2025·四川省绵阳市高三二模）Amid the busy Kowloon Flower Market in Hong Kong, 36 (surround) by the sweet melodies of birds, you’ll find one of Hong Kong’s last remaining birdcage makers — Chan Lok-Choi, also known as “Uncle Choi”.
【答案】surrounded
【解析】考查过去分词。句意：在香港繁忙的九龙花市，在鸟语花香中，你会发现香港仅存的雀笼师之一，也被称为“Choi叔叔”的Chan Lok-Choi (陈乐财)。非谓语动词surround和逻辑主语you是被动关系，surround用过去分词形式作状语。故填surrounded。
12.（2025·黑龙江省哈师大附中、东北师大附中、辽宁省实验中学一模）“We rolled out this exhibit mainly 58 (promote) traditional Chinese culture through creative events, in a way that is more entertaining and appealing to young people,” said Tania Wan, deputy general manager of Bank of China, which started the program.
【答案】to promote
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：中国银行副总经理Tania Wan表示：“我们推出这一展览主要是为了通过创意活动推广中国传统文化，以一种更有趣、更吸引年轻人的方式。”本句谓语为rolled out，此处为非谓语动词，本空作目的状语，用动词promote“推广”的不定式，故填to promote。
13.（2025·山东省聊城市高三一模）Typically 39 (perform) during festivals and weekends, dashuhua involves melting 500 kilograms of scrap iron at over 1,600℃.
【答案】performed
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：打树花通常在节日和周末表演，需要在1600多摄氏度的高温下熔化500公斤废铁。本句中已有谓语动词involves，所以本空是非谓语动词。dashuhua与perform“表演”之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词performed，作状语。故填performed。
14.（2025·山东省淄博市高三下学期一模）Tan Chenglong employs his expertise in visual communication 43 (handle) the user interface (界面) and user experience design.
【答案】to handle
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：谭成龙利用他在视觉通信方面的专业知识来处理用户界面和用户体验设计。此处表示目的，应用不定式作目的状语。故填to handle。
15.（2025·福建省泉州市教学质量检测（三））To hold on to tradition, Zhang Bin and Zhang Hanmin, a young couple of the Bai ethnic group, chose 37 (quit) their jobs in Beijing and returned to their hometowns.
【答案】to quit
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了坚守传统，白族年轻夫妇张斌和张汉敏选择辞去在北京的工作，回到家乡。choose to do sth.是固定用法，意为“选择做某事”，用不定式作宾语。故填to quit。
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)查漏知识 专题03 非谓语动词
(思维导图+高频考点+关键能力+模拟新题+押题预测)
目录
知识点：非谓语动词 2
【必记核心知识思维导图】非谓语动词核心知识思维导图 2
【考情分析】 2
高频考点1：考查非谓语动词作状语 2
【真题回顾】 3
【解题必备】精准解题指导 提高关键能力 6
高频考点2：考查非谓语动词作定语 7
【真题回顾】 7
【解题必备】精准解题指导 提高关键能力 9
高频考点3：考查非谓语动词作宾补 11
【真题回顾】 11
【解题必备】精准解题指导 提高关键能力 13
高频考点4：考查非谓语动词作宾语 14
【真题回顾】 14
【解题必备】精准解题指导 提高关键能力 15
高频考点5：考查非谓语动词作主语和表语 16
【真题回顾】 16
【解题必备】精准解题指导 提高关键能力 17
【模拟新题】精选模拟新题及时跟踪演练 18
【押题预测】依据高考的命题思想，结合重点知识，深度预测高考试题..............................................................21
知识点：非谓语动词
高频考点1、考查非谓语动词作状语
不定式作状语
1.（2024·新课标I卷）The design features ten steel “sepals (萼片)” made of glass and aluminium (铝). These sepals open on warm days (give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air.
2.（2024九省联考卷）He knows that computers are here (stay) and that they will not disappear.
3.（2024浙江1月卷）The shelves in most supermarkets are full of family-size this and multi-buy that. However, if you’re shopping for one, buying extra (benefit) from price reductions doesn’t make sense.
4.（2023全国甲卷）For thousands of years, people have told fables (寓言) __________ (teach) a lesson or to pass on wisdom.
5.（2022新课标I卷）The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that were previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority __________ (increase) effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.
动词不定式作状语 (1)动词不定式作目的状语时，常位于句首或句中，形式上可用in order to do，so as to do，to do等，但so as to do不能置于句首。 In order to pass the exam，he worked hard.为了通过考试，他努力学习。 (2)动词不定式作结果状语时常用于too...to do，enough to do，so/such...as to，only/just to do结构中。 He is such a good teacher as to be respected by all his students.他是个如此好的老师，以至于受到他所有学生的尊敬。 He rushed to the station，only to find that the train had left.他匆忙赶到火车站，却发现火车已经开走了。 (3)在be happy/glad/sorry/sad/surprised to do sth结构中作原因状语。 He was surprised to be informed of the news.被告知这一消息，他感到吃惊。
二、考查固现在分词作状语
1．(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)___44___ (recall)watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare’s play Richard III in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion.
2.（2024·北京高考卷）Just then, some kids ran at him, 19 (knock) his books out of his arms. His glasses went flying and landed in the grass.
3.（2023·全国乙卷） (visit) several times over the last 10 years, I was amazed by the co-existence of old and new,and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing.
1．作状语的分词要求其逻辑主语与句子的主语保持一致。 2．如句子的主语是分词动作的发出者，就用现在分词形式(doing)。 3．若现在分词的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，则用现在分词的完成形式(having done)。 4．若与句中主语为逻辑上的动宾关系，且先于谓语动词动作发生，用现在分词完成式的被动形式(having been done)。
三、考查过去分词作状语
1.（2024·北京高考卷）And when 16 (ask) about his new title, he shared the secret: moderation (适度).
2.（2025·辽宁省名校联盟联考） (compare) with Chinese festivals, which often center around family reunion (团聚) and respecting ancestors, western festivals tend to emphasize celebration, reflecting a more individualistic culture.
1．作状语的过去分词要求其逻辑主语与句子的主语保持一致。 2．如句子的主语是分词动作的承受者，就用过去分词形式(done)。 3．过去分词作状语相当于状语从句或者并列句，表示被动和完成。 4．带有连词的过去分词结构相当于一个省略句,省略的部分为主语+be的相应变化形式。The girl is very shy, and never speaks until spoken to. 这女孩怕羞，不给她说话她从不说话。 5．选择现在分词还是过去分词，关键看主句的主语，即与句子主语的逻辑关系， 如分词的动作是主句的主语发出，分词就选用现在分词，反之就用过去分词。 6. 如果过去分词作状语时,前面再加逻辑主语, 主句的主语就不再是分词的逻辑主语, 这种带逻辑主语的过去分词结构实际上属于独立主格结构. 独立主格结构相当于从句主语与主句主语不一致的状语从句，或者前后主语不一致的并列句的简化。
非谓语动词作状语
1.不定式作状语
(1)作目的状语，可用so as to/in order to替换，但 so as to一般不可置于句首，意为“为了；想要”。
[2020·全国卷Ⅰ]Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang'e-4 to find and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin.
中国的研究者希望使用“嫦娥四号”上的设备来发现和研究南极-艾特肯盆地。
(2)作结果状语，常表示出乎意料的结果，常用于下列结构中：only to do；enough to do(足够做……)；too... to do... (太……而不能……)；so/such... as to... (如此……以至于……)等。
Tom took a taxi to the airport, only to find his plane high up in the sky.
汤姆乘出租车去了机场，结果发现他要乘坐的飞机已飞入高空。
(3)作原因状语，常用在“主语＋系动词＋形容词＋to do”结构中。这类形容词有easy, difficult, hard, cheap，expensive，fit，comfortable，dangerous，heavy，good，important，impossible，surprised，astonished, delighted, disappointed 等。
We were astonished to find the temple still in its original condition.
令我们吃惊的是，这座寺庙仍保持着最初的样子。
2．分词作状语
现在分词作状语时，现在分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主动关系。过去分词作状语时，过去分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的被动关系。
[2020·江苏卷]Technological innovations, combined with good marketing, will promote the sales of these products.
部分过去分词作状语时不表示被动，也不表示完成，而表示一种状态。常见的：located (坐落于), lost(迷路的), seated(坐着的), hidden(躲着的), lost/absorbed/buried in(沉溺于), dressed in(穿着), tired of(厌烦的), faced with(面对着)。
3．独立成分作状语
有些分词或不定式短语作状语，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响，称作独立成分。常考的有generally/frankly/roughly/strictly speaking, talking of, speaking of, judging from/by, taking everything into consideration, compared to/with, to be frank，to tell(you)the truth, to be honest, to make things worse 等。
Judging from his accent, he is from Hong Kong.从口音判断，他来自香港。
To tell you the truth, I am a little tired.说实话，我有点累。
4．独立主格结构
非谓语动词作状语时，它的逻辑主语应和句子主语保持一致。但有时非谓语动词带有自己的逻辑主语，在句子中作状语，我们称之为独立主格结构。
(1)独立主格结构的特点：①独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。②独立主格结构中作逻辑主语的名词或代词与后面的分词或不定式是逻辑上的主动或被动关系。③独立主格结构一般用逗号与句子分开。
(2)独立主格结构的常见构成：①名词/代词＋分词；②名词/代词＋不定式；③with/without＋名词/代词＋分词/不定式。
Weather permitting, we shall play the match tomorrow.明天如果天气好，我们就进行比赛。
The test finished(＝When the test was finished)，we began our holiday.考试结束后，我们就开始放假了。
高频考点2、考查非谓语动词作定语
过去分词作定语
1.（2025年1月浙江高考）Tanya’s shop offers fashion clothes for women 60 (rent) rather than purchase them outright, providing a less expensive solution to one-time event dressing.
2．(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)A statue commemorating Shakespeare and Tang was put up at Shakespeare’s Birthplace Garden in 2017. Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, 40 (inspire)by The Peony Pavilion, was built at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace.
3.（2023·新高考Ⅰ卷）Shanghai may be the (recognize) home of the soup dumplings but food historians will actually point you to the neighbouring canal town of Nanxiang as Xiao long bao’s birthplace.
1.过去分词作定语只有一个词时，通常放在被修饰的名词前面(但也有例外)，是一个短语作定语时，就放在被修饰的名词之后。过去分词作定语时，被修饰的名词与过去分词之间是被动关系。 2. 以下过去分词作定语只表示完成，不表示被动: a fallen tree/leaf:倒下的树/落叶 the risen sun/moon:升起了的太阳/月亮 a faded rose:凋谢的玫瑰花 a retired worker: 退休工人 an escaped prisoner:逃犯 a returned student: 归国留学生
现在分词作定语
1.(2023年新高考Ⅱ卷) They talk to the flood of international tourists and to (visit) Chinese zookeepers who often come to check on the pandas, which are on loan from China.
2.（2022 新高考Ⅱ卷）Henry Tyler made the catch of the year on the weekend. When he saw a young child hanging from a sixth-floor apartment balcony (阳台), Henry ran one hundred metres, jumped over a 1.2-metre fence, and held out his arms to catch the __________ (fall) child.
现在分词(短语)作定语与所修饰的名词之间存在着逻辑上的主动关系，表示该动作的主动和进行。 表示心理状态的动词－ing形式，意为“令人……的”；动词－ed形式，意为“(人)感到……的”，也可修饰体现内心感受的look，expression，tears，smile，voice等名词。
不定式作定语
1.（2022·全国甲卷）A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days to Xi’an, as a first step ______ (journey) the Belt and Road route (路线) by foot.
2.（2019新课标II卷）Picking up her "Lifetime Achievement" award，proud Irene declared she had no plans _____________（retire） from her 36-year-old business.
不定式作定语： ①常接不定式作定语的词有：chance，opportunity，ability，decision，right（权利），不定代词等。 1)The ability to express an idea is as important as the idea itself. 2)Today I have nothing/something to say at the conference. ②不定式作定语，修饰序数词等 She was the first/second/third/tenth (student) to come to school today.
非谓语动词作定语
1.不定式作定语
(1)不定式作定语通常放在所修饰词之后，表示将来的动作。不定式与其所修饰的词之间往往是动宾关系，若该不定式是不及物动词，其后应有必要的介词。
Suddenly a good idea occurred to her，but she couldn't find any paper to write on.
突然她想到了一个好主意，但是她找不到纸把它写下来。
(2)序数词，形容词最高级，the last, the only 等后或被这些词修饰的名词/代词后，常用不定式作定语。
He is always the first to arrive at the school and the last to leave the school.
他总是第一个到校，最后一个离校。
(3)被修饰词是抽象名词时，常用不定式作定语。常见名词：ability, chance, idea, hope, wish, fact, excuse, promise, attempt, way 等。
The ability to express an idea is as important as the idea itself.
表达观点的能力与观点本身同等重要。
2．分词作定语
(1)作定语的及物动词的分词形式：现在分词、being＋过去分词、过去分词。当被修饰的名词与分词之间为主动关系时，用现在分词；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表示正在进行时，用being＋过去分词；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表示完成时，用过去分词。
(2)作定语的不及物动词的分词形式：现在分词和过去分词。现在分词表示动作正在进行；过去分词只表示动作已完成，不表示被动。
[2021·浙江卷1月]In 1985，urban men and women in more than three quarters of the countries studied had higher BMIs than men and women in rural areas.
1985年，在被研究的国家中，超过四分之三的城市男性和女性的BMIs高于农村地区的男性和女性。
表示被动、完成用过去分词(done)；表示主动、进行用现在分词(doing)；表示被动、进行用being done；表示主动、尚未进行用to do；表示被动的动作尚未进行用to be done。试比较： ①The bridge built recently was designed by a local company. ②Today there are more airplanes carrying more people than ever before in the sky. ③The bridge being built now was designed by a local company. ④The question to be discussed at tomorrow's meeting is very important.
3．动名词作定语
表示被修饰词的属性、作用或用途，作 “ 供……用”讲，相当于介词 for 短语，常 置于被修饰词前。
a swimming pool=a pool for swimming 游泳池
a reading room = a room for reading 阅览室
a washing machine = a machine for washing 洗衣机
a walking stick=a stick for walking 拐杖
高频考点3、考查非谓语动词作宾补
不定式作宾补
1.（2023·新高考Ⅰ卷）Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them (lift) out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of their contents.
动词不定式在平时模拟考试中，考查的频度较大，导致很多学生产生思维定势，见到不定式的题就用一般式to do的形式，这是平时训练的缺陷。临近高考前要进一步强化，做到查漏补缺。
2.（2022·浙江卷）Through touch, the one thing gallery signs tell you not __________ (do).
不定式作宾语补足语： ①常接不定式作宾补的动词有：ask/beg/require/request/tell/advise/allow/permit/cause/encourage/expect/wish/force/oblige/invite/ need/order/persuade/remind/teach/urge/want/get/like/hate/warn/help/prefer sb to do……: 例：Miss Janson persuaded the boy not to smoke any more. ②在feel, hear, listen to, look at, see, watch, notice, let, make, have等动词在主动语态时，后面作宾语补足语接的动词前不能加to； 但以上动词如为被动语态，后面接的动词前要加to。 1）Paul doesn’t have to be made to learn. He always works hard. 2）The teacher is often listened to to sing the English song at home.
分词作宾补
1.（2023·新高考Ⅰ卷）No matter where I buy them, one steamer is rarely enough, yet two seems greedy, so I am always left (want) more next time.
2.（2020·新课标II卷）They make great gifs and you see them many times (decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.
3.（2020新课标III卷）And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds____________ (surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears.
1. 使役动词have, get, make, leave, keep等后可用过去分词或现在分词做宾语补足语。 She raised her voice to make herself heard by all the people in the hall. 她提高了嗓音让大厅里的人都能听得见她说的话。 2. 感官动词see, hear, notice, observe, watch, feel, find等后，可用过去分词或现在分词做宾语补足语。 I saw an old man knocked down by a car just now. 刚才我看到一位老人被车撞倒了。 3. 表示“意愿;命令”的动词，如like, want, wish, order等后,可用过去分词做宾语补足语，相当于过去分词前省略了to be。 They are talking about the plan they wish carried out next year.他们正在谈论着希望明年能实施的那个计划。 4. 在“with +宾语+过去分词”结构中，过去分词用作介词with的宾语补足语，过去分词与宾语之间为动宾关系。这一结构通常在句中做时间、方式、条件、原因等状语。 She usually works in her study with the door locked. 她通常锁着门在书房工作。
非谓语动词作宾补
1.不定式作宾补
不定式作宾补时，宾语和不定式之间在逻辑上是主谓关系，不定式表示将要发出的主动动作。常接不定式作宾补的动词(短语)：advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, encourage, expect, forbid, force, intend, invite, order, persuade, prefer, require, remind, tell, want, warn, wish, call on, depend on等。
If we expect people to give up the habit of driving，we must give them an alternative they can rely on.
如果我们期望人们放弃开车的习惯，我们必须给他们可以依赖的选择。
Having finished her project, she was invited by the school to speak to the new students.
完成项目之后，她被学校邀请去给新生讲话。
(1)有些动词，如think, consider, believe, suppose, feel, find, understand等后常用to be作宾补或主补。
Chinese people are considered to be the most hard-working people in the world.
中国人被认为是世界上最勤劳的人民。
(2)在sb. be said/believed/known/reported/considered/thought＋to do/to have done结构中，不定式用作主语补足语。
The president was reported to have visited China.
据报道，那位总统已经访问了中国。
2．分词作宾补
(1)现在分词作宾补时，动词与宾语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，且强调正在进行的主动动作。可接现在分词作宾补的常见动词：感官动词(see, watch, observe, notice, hear, listen, feel)，使役动词(have, get), find, leave, keep, catch等。
Listen! Do you hear someone calling for help
听！你听到有人正在呼喊救命吗？
(2)过去分词作宾补时，动词与宾语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，且表示被动动作。可接过去分词作宾补的常见动词：感官动词(see, watch, observe, notice, hear, listen, feel)，使役动词(have, make, let, get), find, leave, keep等。
He found himself surrounded by so many strangers.
他发现自己周围有那么多陌生人。
(3)使役动词have, get后接非谓语动词作补语的异同点：
①have sth. done＝get sth. done让别人做某事；
②have sb./sth. doing让……一直做某事；
get sth./sb. doing 使……开始做某事；
③have sb. do sth. ＝get sb. to do sth. 让某人做某事。
Before driving into the city, you are required to get your car washed.在开车进城之前，你需要洗洗车。
with的复合结构：①with＋宾语＋doing表示主动，说明动作正在发生或经常发生；②with＋宾语＋done表示被动或完成；③with＋宾语＋to do表示将要发生的动作。 The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog following them. 这老两口常常在晚饭后到公园里散步，他们的宠物狗则在后面跟着。 With such a short time left before the deadline, it doesn't seem likely that John will finish the job. 截止日期之前只剩下很短的时间，约翰似乎不可能完成工作了。 With a lot of work to do, she wasn't allowed to leave her office. 由于有许多工作要做，她不被允许离开办公室。
高频考点4、考查非谓语动词作宾语
1.（2025年1月·浙江卷）“I really want to make this work for people’s lives today, and I know that doesn’t always mean 65 (return) a dress on the Monday after a special weekend,” she says.
2.（2024·全国甲卷）Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level, the national parks, in particular, tend 41 （catch）our attention because of their large size and variety.
3.（2023·新高考Ⅰ卷 ）The dumplings arrive steaming and dangerously hot. To eat one, you have to decide whether (bite) a small hole in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill(溢出), or to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue.
不定式作宾语： ①常接不定式作宾语的词：like/love/want/wish/hope/expect/desire/hate/prefer/continue/manage/try/ask/beg/demand/afford/offer/fail/start/begin/forget/remember/promise/mean/intend/attempt/decide/determine/learn/agree/choose/pretend/arrange to do…: ②it作形式宾语代不定式: find/think/consider/feel/make it + 形/名 + to 不定式: 发现/认为/使得做…是…We find it necessary to master German and French.
非谓语动词作宾语
1.只接不定式作宾语的动词：
agree, plan, demand, promise, prepare, decide, refuse, choose, wish, hope, expect, fail (未能), pretend, manage, determine, beg, arrange, threaten, claim, hesitate, wait, happen (碰巧)等。
[2021·全国乙卷]Activities there range from whale watching to hiking(远足)and accommodations aim to have a low impact on the natural environment.
这里的活动从观鲸到徒步旅行并且住宿宗旨是对自然环境影响达到很小。
2．只接动名词作宾语的动词及短语：
admit, avoid, consider, escape(避开), imagine, mind, miss, practise, suggest, feel like, give up, put off, object to, look forward to等。此外，have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth. ；have fun (in) doing sth. 等结构中也用动名词作宾语。
I avoided mentioning the subject in case he should be offended.
我避免提及这个话题，以免冒犯他。
It's quite hot today. Do you feel like going for a swim
今天很热。你想去游泳吗？
3．接不定式与动名词作宾语意义不同的动词：
(1)动词want, need, require作“需要”讲时，其后要用v.-ing形式的主动形式或不定式的被动形式作宾语。与此用法相同的动词还有deserve(值得)。 (2)不定式作动词(短语)learn, decide, know, wonder, show, tell, understand, explain, teach, advise, find out 等的宾语时，前面常带引导词how, what, whether, where, when, who等。 (3)介词后一般要接v.-ing形式作宾语，但介词but/except后接不定式作宾语时，若前有实义动词do，不定式要省略to。
高频考点4、考查非谓语动词作主语和表语
1.（2021·英语全国甲卷）It is possible ______ (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.
2.（2020·北京卷）It takes them hundreds of years __________ (break) down. Many of these bags end up in the ocean where larger ones can trap sea creatures, such as turtles and dolphins.
不定式作主语： 1．不定式作主语：动词用单数。To do morning exercises is useful for our health. 2．表示具体的某次动作，特别是将来发生的动作，多用不定式作主语。表示比较抽象的一般行为或者经常性习惯性的动作时，多用doing作主语。 3．在下列两个句型中it是形式主语，不定式是真正主语；of sb和for sb是不定式的逻辑主语： A. It is/was + 形容词（of sb）to do sth. 【赞扬，责备的形容词通常用of sb作逻辑主语：wrong, right, kind, nice, brave, careful, careless, greedy, honest, lazy, modest, selfish, thoughtful, impolite, polite, clever, foolish, silly, stupid, cruel, rude, generous，considerate…】 B. It is/was + 形容词（for sb）to do sth. 【以下形容词通常用for sb作逻辑主语：easy, hard, difficult, important, necessary, impossible, possible, safe, dangerous, unusual, wonderful…。多数情况都用for sb作逻辑主语。】 1)It is polite (of you) to respect the old. 2)It is important (for us) to do as the Romans do.
3.（2018新课标III卷）I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid looking directly into his eyes so he doesn't feel_____________(challenge).
非谓语动词作主语和表语
1.不定式作主语和表语
(1)不定式作主语时，一般表示具体某一次的动作。若不定式太长，常用it作形式主语而将不定式后置。
[2021·全国甲卷]It is possible to walk or bike the entire 14 kilometers.
步行或骑行这完整的14千米是可能的。
(2)不定式作表语时：①表示预定要发生的动作；②当主语是aim, purpose, idea, plan, wish, decision, choice等词时，常用不定式作表语；③主语为what引导的名词性从句时，表语多用不定式。
His wish is to be a doctor in the future.
他的愿望是将来当一名医生。
What I want to do most in senior high school is to improve my English.
我在高中最想做的事就是提高我的英语水平。
2．动名词作主语和表语
(1)动名词作主语常表示抽象的、泛指的概念，也可用it作形式主语，把作真正主语的动名词短语放在句末。常用于固定句型：It's a waste of time doing...; It's no use/good doing...; It is useless doing...; There is no point doing... 等。
Facing up to your problems rather than running away from them is the best approach to working things out.
直面你的问题而不是逃避它们，是解决这些问题最好的方法。
It's no use complaining without taking action.
不采取行动而只是抱怨是没用的。
(2)动名词作表语时相当于名词，用于解释主语的内容，表语和主语常常可以互换位置。
My job is cleaning the house three times a week.＝Cleaning the house three times a week is my job.
我的工作是每星期打扫三次房子。
(3)remain作系动词时，意为“仍然是”时，后可接现在分词或过去分词作表语；但作不及物动词时，意为“尚待……；留待……”时，后常接to be done。
She remained standing though we repeatedly asked her to sit down.
虽然我们三番五次地请她坐下，但她还是站着。
It remains to be seen whether the newly-formed committee's policy can be put into practice.
新成立的委员会提出的方针能否实行还有待观察。
模拟新题
时间：10分钟 满分：15分 得分：_______
1.（2025·广东省大湾区普通高中毕业班联合模拟考试（一））If a building consisted of different parts 43 (connect) by courtyards, these parts were all arranged in the same line one behind another.
2.（2025·江苏省无锡市高三教学质量调研测试）During the Ming Dynasty, Gu Xiancheng, a dismissed official 37 (return) to his hometown, together with Gao PanIong and his younger brother Gu Yuncheng, raised money to restore the academy.
3.（2025·广东省大湾区普通高中毕业班联合模拟考试（一））This was best seen in the two longest-serving capitals of Luoyang and Chang’an, which were laid out with wide avenues (林荫道) and smaller streets crossing each other at 90-degree angles 37 (create) a carpet of precise shape of squares.
4.（2025·安徽省合肥市高三第一次教学质量检测）Over time, as waterproofing techniques advanced, umbrellas changed from simple sunshades to essential tools for rain protection, 45 (gain) widespread popularity across the globe.
5.（2025·四川省绵阳市高三二模）Despite the challenges, he believes that with the previous generation 44 (pass) on their knowledge and the next generation willing to take up the craft, the tradition of birdcage making can be preserved and continue.
6.（2025·海南省三亚市高三期末）However, as time passed, he saw fewer young people willing to learn the art as the income was too low 41 (attract) them.
7.（2025·海南省三亚市高三期末）To rescue the art, Tang joined with local experts to collect the songs by 42 (knock) on doors in local communities. More than 1,000 songs were recorded.
8.（2025·河南省三门峡市高三期末）Firstly, seek out the ground spot, the place where the watermelon rested on the ground during its ripening phase. This spot should have a particular color, 39 (range) from pale yellow all the way to a deep golden yellow. The darker and richer this spot, the more time the watermelon had to mature before harvesting.
9.（2025·河南省五市高三第一次联考）Standing in ancient relics, I tried to picture the lives of those 42 (live)here thousands of years ago.
10.（2025·江苏省南京市高三一模）These announcements, as symbols of love and individuality, remind us that some traditions are worth 45 (preserve).
11.（2025·黑龙江省哈师大附中、东北师大附中、辽宁省实验中学一模）As people walk along the scroll 60 (make) from up to 3 million LEGO bricks, they can picture themselves in busy streets centuries ago, where vendors were selling melons and kids were playing hide-and-seek. “
12.（2025·陕西省榆林市高三三模）As of 10 pm Tuesday, or five and a half hours after 41 (release), the video of the lacquerware has got 100 million views on Sina Weibo, with a total of 1. 6 million interactions, including shares, comments, and likes.
13.（2025·山东省名校考试联盟高三模拟）This system made rebuilding and 60 (maintain) the buildings much more efficient.
14.（2025·山东省聊城市高三一模）A team of 12, including four performers, uses willow scoops to fling (抛) molten iron onto a cold wall, 40 (create) a tree of sparks.
15.（2025·福建省泉州市教学质量检测（三））Many of its finished products feature snowflake and flower patterns, 40 (symbolize) natural scenery.
时间：10分钟 满分：15分 得分：_______
1．（2025·福建省龙岩市高三教学质量检测）Being one of the world’s first mass-produced humanoid robots, Fourier GR-1 is known for human-like features, 38 (power) by 54 joints and built-in emotional systems.
2.（2025·山东省名校考试联盟高三模拟） 59 (deal) with frequent natural disasters and the destruction due to wars and fighting, the builders in the Zhou region adopted the dougong bracket system.
3.（2025·陕西省榆林市高三三模）Li started posting short videos on Sina Weibo in 2016, 45 (feature) poetic portrayals of rural life, traditional cooking techniques, and cultural practices, such as making ink and clothing.
4.（2025·江苏省南京市高三一模）Unlike short-lived digital posts, newspaper announcements provide a sense of permanence, offering a meaningful way 39 (keep) memories during a time when digital content can’t last.
5.（2025·河南省五市高三第一次联考）Seeking a hands-on experience, I realized the amazing patience and skill 37 (apply)behind every stitch(针)were such a miracle, weaving stories with threads.
6.（2025·海南省三亚市高三期末）Nevertheless, Diaosheng（儋州调声）, 38 (include) in the first national intangible cultural heritage list (非遗名录), is something much older and with very different roots.
7.（2025·广东省华附 省实 广雅 深中四校联考）A must-try dish from the world-renowned melting pot is lomo saltado — marinated (腌制的) strips of steak stir-fry with soy sauce, chopped red onions, tomatoes, crispy French fries and the unmissable ají amarillo chili pepper (黄辣椒), 38 (serve) with rice on the side. Very flavorful, yet not spicy, lomo saltado never fails to impress dinners in Peru and beyond.
8.（2025·安徽省合肥市高三第一次教学质量检测）The origins of the umbrella can be traced back over thousands of years to early human societies. Initially used as sunshades, these early umbrellas were fashioned from materials like silk or paper, and waterproofed with wax (蜡) and lacquer (漆) 37 (offer) rain protection.
9.（2025·广东省大湾区普通高中毕业班联合模拟考试（一））Town planning was a particular concern to the Chinese, with many of its notable features still 36 (contribute) significantly to modern architecture.
10.（2025·江苏省苏州市高三学业质量阳光指标调研）The two most common types among all the caves are those with a niche(壁龛) 62 (contain) sculptures on the west wall, and caves with a central column covered in sculptures.
11.（2025·四川省绵阳市高三二模）Amid the busy Kowloon Flower Market in Hong Kong, 36 (surround) by the sweet melodies of birds, you’ll find one of Hong Kong’s last remaining birdcage makers — Chan Lok-Choi, also known as “Uncle Choi”.
12.（2025·黑龙江省哈师大附中、东北师大附中、辽宁省实验中学一模）“We rolled out this exhibit mainly 58 (promote) traditional Chinese culture through creative events, in a way that is more entertaining and appealing to young people,” said Tania Wan, deputy general manager of Bank of China, which started the program.
13.（2025·山东省聊城市高三一模）Typically 39 (perform) during festivals and weekends, dashuhua involves melting 500 kilograms of scrap iron at over 1,600℃.
14.（2025·山东省淄博市高三下学期一模）Tan Chenglong employs his expertise in visual communication 43 (handle) the user interface (界面) and user experience design.
15.（2025·福建省泉州市教学质量检测（三））To hold on to tradition, Zhang Bin and Zhang Hanmin, a young couple of the Bai ethnic group, chose 37 (quit) their jobs in Beijing and returned to their hometowns.
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