1.【江苏省如东高级中学2016届高三上学期期中考试】 The pipes have oil or water inside them, which is heated and sent to the storage tank until ______ to produce electricity.
A. needed B. needing C. to need D. having needed
【答案】A
【名师点拨】
“need”作为实义动词时,通常用法是 1.人＋need ＋to do ；人＋need +宾语＋to do
2.物＋need ＋doing (want/require也有这个用法)
3.物＋need ＋to be done (want/require也有这个用法)例如： The room needs cleaning = The room needs to be cleaned. 房间需要打扫了.
考点：考查非谓语动词
2.【江苏省如东高级中学2016届高三上学期期中考试】It happens that I am quite familiar with the professor _______ to give us a speech on environmental protection next Monday.
A. inviting B. to be invited C. being invited D. having invited
【答案】B
【解析】
试题分析：考查非谓语动词。句意：碰巧我对下星期应邀来给我们做环境保护报告的教授非常熟悉。此处是动词不定式一般式的被动是做后置定语修饰the professor=who will be invited，故选B。
【名师点拨】
1.动词不定式一般式的被动式做后置定语，表示将来的意思。
The meeting to be held is very important.将要被召开的会议非常重要。
2.现在分词一般式的被动式作定语表示正在进行的动作。
The meeting being held is very important.正在被召开的会议非常重要。
3.过去分词做后置定语表示被动和完成，过去的动作。
The meeting held last week was very important.上一周举行的会议非常重要。
考点：考查非谓语动词
3.【江苏省如东高级中学2016届高三上学期期中考试】If someone spends his or her time, effort and money writing a book, for example, he or she deserves _______ for it.
A. paying B. to pay C. having been paid D. being paid
【答案】A
【解析】
试题分析：考查非谓语动词。句意：例如，有人花了他或她的时间、精力和金钱来写一本书，他或她值得他人为此付费。deserves paying for it.=deserves to be paid for it值得为此付费，故选A。
考点：考查非谓语动词
4. 【江苏省如东高级中学2016届高三上学期期中考试】—How come you were half an hour late for work this morning, Mike?
—_______My car broke down halfway.
A. Yes, so what? B. No, it’s not my fault
C. Well, who knows? D. Sorry, but I couldn’t help it.
【答案】D
【名师点拨】
1.It’s up to you.此事完全由你来决定。 It’s my treat.今天我请客。
2. So what?那又怎么样？(表示不以为然的样子)How come?怎么会？(表示惊讶)
考点：考查情景交际
5. 【 江苏省淮安市淮海中学2016届高三9月月考】 Dad, about how long will it be before I die?
You aren’t going to die. ________?
A. How do you find it
C. How about you
B. Do you think so
D. Whats the matter with you
【答案】D
【解析】
试题分析：考查交际用语。句意：爸爸，还有多久我会死，你不会死，怎么了？ A. How do you find it你怎样知道的呢？C. How about you你呢？B. Do you think so你认为这样吗？D. Whats the matter with you你怎么了；根据句意可知选D。
考点：考查交际用语
6.【江苏省盐城市2016届高三上学期期中考试】China held a grand parade in Beijing to mark the defeat of Japan in World War Two, ________ its military power on an unprecedented scale.
A. displayed B. displaying C. to display D. having displayed
【答案】B
考点：考查非谓语动词
7.【江苏省盐城市2016届高三上学期期中考试】Difficult as part of the passage was ________, I managed to catch hold of its meaning in the end.
A. understanding B. to be understood C. to understand D. being understood
【答案】C
【解析】
试题分析：句意：尽管文章的部分内容很难理解，但我最后还是想方设法抓住了文章的意思。前部分是(as引导让步状语从句而引起的)倒装，正常语序是although part of the passage was difficult to understand
(=Although it was difficult to understand part of the passage)，其中不定式做主语补足语。故选C。
考点：考查不定式的用法
8.【江苏省盐城市2016届高三上学期期中考试】—I’d like to have one more look round. By myself this time.
—Of course. ________.
A. Be my guest B. Drop me a line C. Count me out D. Allow me
【答案】A
【解析】
试题分析：A. Be my guest别客气，请便；B. Drop me a line写信给我；C. Count me out别把我算在内，我就算了吧；D. Allow me让我试试。句意：——这次，我想独自一个人再转转看看。——当然可以，请便。根据情境选A。
考点：考查情景交际
9. 【江苏省五校联考2016届高三英语第二次英语试题】The conflict between economic development and environmental protection, if not appropriately _________, can cause disastrous consequences in daily life settings.
A. being managed B. to manage C. managed D. managing
【答案】C
【解析】
试题分析：考查非谓语动词。句意：经济发展和环境保护之间的冲突，如果没有正确的处理，在日常生活中造成灾难性的后果。The conflict和manage之间是被动关系，并不表示正在进行，故选C。
考点：考查非谓语动词
10. 【江苏省五校联考2016届高三英语第二次英语试题】With a view to fighting against crimes online, the authority hosted an anti-piracy concert with over 100 pop singers, _______ fans not to buy pirated music and movies.
A. urging B. to urge C. having urged D. urged
【答案】A
考点：考查非谓语动词
11.【江苏省五校联考2016届高三英语第二次英语试题】 —Shall we make an appointment at 9 o’clock this Sunday morning?
—________. I will be available the whole morning.
A. It counts for nothing B. That suits me fine
C. It makes no difference D. Go right ahead
【答案】C
【解析】
试题分析：考查情景交际。A. It counts for nothing这无足轻重；B. That suits me fine这正合我意；C. It makes no difference没有区别；D. Go right ahead去做吧。
上句：这个星期日上午九点我们约会好吗？下句：什么时候都可以，我整个下午都有空。故选C。
考点：考查情景交际
12．【浙江省杭州市五校联盟2016届高三年级上学期第一次诊断】We will have six-day holiday during the coming APEC meetings traffic on the roads．
A． to ease B． easing C． ease D． having eased
【答案】A
【解析】
试题分析：句意：在亚太经合组织会议期间，我们将有六天假期以缓解道路交通。动词不定式表目的。 故选A。
考点：考查非谓语动词。
13．【浙江省杭州市五校联盟2016届高三年级上学期第一次诊断】_____ with so much trouble，we failed to complete the task on time．
A． Faced B． Face C． Facing D． To face
【答案】A
【解析】
试题分析：句意：面临这么大的麻烦，我们没能按时完成任务。be faced with 面对。这里用形容词作状语， 故选A。
考点：考查非谓语动词。
14．【浙江省杭州市五校联盟2016届高三年级上学期第一次诊断】 —I’m worried about the coming test! —______, you can do it!
A. Don’t mention it B. come on C. Well done D. Not likely
【答案】B
考点：考查日常交际用语。
15．【浙江省杭州市五校联盟2016届高三年级上学期第一次诊断】---Don’t tell me you’ll have a dinner date again. ---______.I didn’t mean to.
A. You meant it. B. You made it. C. You guessed it. D. You deserved it.
【答案】C
【解析】
试题分析：A. You meant it. 你的意思；B. You made it. 你做到了；C. You guessed it. 你猜对了；D. You deserved it. .你应得。句意：别告诉我你会又约了人吃饭。你猜对了，我没打算这样的。 故选C。
考点：考查日常交际用语。
16. 【浙江省温州市十校联合体2016届高三下学期期初联考】— Jennifer, you seem to be overjoyed
— ______? I have just received the offer from the National University of Singapore.
A. So what B. Guess what C. What if D. What for
【答案】B
【解析】
试题分析： 考查情景交际。A. So what 那又怎样；B. Guess what 你猜怎么着；C. What if倘若；D. What for 为什么。句意：Jennifer，你看起来如此高兴。你猜？我收到新加坡国立大学的通知书。根据语境可知选B项。
考点 : 考查情景交际
17. 【浙江省温州市十校联合体2016届高三下学期期初联考】The water was now two feet deep, making it difficult, if not impossible, _________ the car out.
A. getting B. got C. to get D. get
【答案】C
考点：考查非谓语动词。
18. 【浙江省温州市十校联合体2016届高三下学期期初联考】She would move quietly up to the sparrow on a small tree just to get a better look, her face __________ with childlike expressions at one of God’s simple wonders.
A. shone B. shining C. having shone D. being shone
【答案】B
【解析】
试题分析：考查非谓语动词 。句意为：她在一棵小树上悄悄地移到了麻雀的旁边去更好的看一看，她的脸上闪耀着孩子般的表情。从句子的结构可以看出，两个部分之间没有连词，所以后一空应该是非谓语动词的形式，做前一句子的状语，句子的主语she与her face不一致 符合独立主格结构的形式，her face与shine之间为主动的关系，所以答案为B
考点 : 考查非谓语动词
19. 【浙江省温州市十校联合体2016届高三下学期期初联考】Afraid __________? This type of anxiety can deeply disturb people’s enjoyment of social relationships.
A. of laughing at B. to be laughed at
C. of being laughed at D. to laugh at
【答案】C
考点：考查非谓语动词 。
高考押题
1. He suddenly appeared in class one day， (wear) sun glasses.
答案 wearing
2.One morning，I was waiting at the bus stop，worried about (be) late for school.
解析 考查动名词。介词about后应该跟名词或动名词，故要用being。
答案 being
3. I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver，but he refused (stop) until we reached the next stop.
解析 考查不定式。动词refuse后要接不定式作宾语， refuse to do sth 拒绝做某事。
答案 to stop
4. Still，the boy kept (ride).He was carrying something over his shoulder and shouting.
解析 考查固定短语。然而这个男孩一直骑个不停。keep doing sth一直做某事。
答案 riding
5. We got a little (sunburn)，but the day had been so relaxing that we didn't mind.
解析 考查过去分词。我们有点晒黑了。动词sunburn晒黑，此处get ＋ done结构为被动结构，表示某一事件或事故的发生，着重强调动作。
答案 sunburned/ sunburnt
6. My older brother and I are busy (arrange) a trip to Africa.
解析 考查动名词。be busy (in) doing...忙于做某事。
答案 arranging
7. Qu was a minister of the State of Chu (situate) in present－day Hunan and Hubei Provinces，during the Warring States Period(战国时期).
解析 考查过去分词。表示位于何地时，用be situated in/on。过去分词situated作定语，相当于定语从句which was situated...。
答案 situated
8. Last weekend as I was riding in the bike lane alongside the truck，we reached a crossing and it turned to the right， (hit) me and my bicycle.
答案 hitting
9. After luckily (succeed) in the national college entrance examination，I realized my dream again：after graduation，I became a citizen working in a city.
解析 考查动名词。介词after后要用动名词作宾语。
答案 succeeding
10. Most of the fish there was (freeze)，but we had not much trouble finding some fresh fish at the other part of the market.
解析 考查过去分词。此处作表语，表状态，要用frozen(冰冻的)。
答案 frozen
11. Well，it always takes time to consider before (make) a decision.
解析 考查动名词。在做决定之前要认真考虑。before是介词，后跟动名词。
答案 making
12. Now，the merchant's 1st wife is a very loyal partner and has made great contributions in maintaining his wealth and business as well as (take) care of the household.
解析 考查动名词。as well as 连接并列结构，take在形式上要与maintain保持一致。
答案 taking
13. Eventually，I decided (contact) University Student Legal Services for help about this matter.
解析 考查不定式。decide to do...决定做某事。
答案 to contact
14. Woo Sing stopped (think) about these strange actions，saying to himself，“This boy is fooling me.He does everything that I do.”
解析 考查不定式。Woo Sing停下来想这些奇怪的行为……。stop to do sth停下来去做某事。
答案 to think
15. Most probably，it may lead to a small talk which often brings harm or disrespect to others，thus (hurt) others' feelings.
解析 考查现在分词。句意：很有可能，这种好奇心会导致闲言碎语，而那些闲言碎语会对别人造成伤害或者不尊重，这样就伤害了别人的感情。现在分词作结果状语，主语a small talk 和hurt之间为主谓关系，故要用现在分词。
答案 hurting
16. Yes，and there is a lot of points of view when you listen to talk shows.I usually enjoy (listen) to them.
解析 考查动名词。enjoy doing喜欢做某事。
答案 listening
17. Taking a taxi is five times as expensive as (take) a bus.
解析 考查动名词。这里taking a bus和taking a taxi进行比较。
答案 taking
18. I then realized she had no arms or legs，just a head，a neck and upper body， (dress) in a little white skirt.
答案 dressed
19. The price of tea (pick) in March is extremely high.
解析 考查过去分词。tea与动词pick之间是被动关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。
答案 picked
20.We have also formed a special support group to help young people stop (smoke).
解析 考查动名词。stop to do sth 停下来去做某事；stop doing sth 停止正在做的事情。根据语境可知“我们还成立了一个特殊的小组去帮助青少年戒烟”。stop smoking戒烟。
答案 smoking
21.We offer them three choices：the end of March，the middle of April and the beginning of May，and they chose the earliest one，which is good actually with exams (come) up in May.
解析 这里是with的复合结构，exam和come是主动关系，所以要用现在分词coming作宾语补足语。
答案 coming
22. We've got to remember this group wants to look at how the Internet is being (use) in the classroom.
解析 考查过去分词。参观团想看看我们学校的网络是如何被使用的。此处为现在进行时的被动语态，故要用过去分词used。
答案 used
23. An excellent reputation and high rankings are certainly important，according to a survey (conduct) by Shanghai Municipal Education Commission in 50 Shanghai high schools this summer.
解析 考查过去分词。名词a survey与动词conduct之间为被动关系，故要用过去分词做后置定语，相当于定语从句which is conducted by...。
答案 conducted
24. In the beginning，there was only a very small amount of unfairness in the world，but everyone added a little，always (think) that it was only small and not very important，and look where we have ended up today.
解析 考查现在分词。动词think与主语everyone之间为主动关系，前面已经有了谓语动词added，故要用现在分词表伴随。
答案 thinking
25. She wished that he was as easy (please) as her mother，who was always delighted with perfume.
答案 to please
【206年高考考纲解读】
近三年高考主要考查非谓语动词的作用和形式。在作用方面主要考查作宾语时用不定式还是动名词；作宾语、状语、补语时用不定式还是分词；它们作某一成分时的特殊情况及特殊结构。在形式方面主要考查用一般式还是完成式、主动式还是被动式、现在分词还是过去分词。
【重点、难点剖析】
一、非谓语动词作状语
1．不定式作状语
不定式作状语通常表示：(1)原因(多用在某些表示喜、怒、哀、乐等的形容词后)；(2)目的(可用so as to/in order to替换，但so as to一般不可置于句首)；(3)结果(常表出乎意料的结果，常为only to do)。
①We were very excited to hear the news.(原因)
②To get there on time I got up very early.(目的)
③He rushed to school only to find there was nobody there.(结果)
2．现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别
(1)现在分词作状语时，现在分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主动关系。
Not knowing what to do，he went to his parents for help.
由于不知怎么办才好，他去找他父母帮忙。
(2)过去分词作状语时，过去分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的被动关系。
Given more attention，the trees could have grown better.
如果对这些树多关心一些，它们本来会长得更好。
(3)部分过去分词来源于系表结构，作状语时不表示被动关系，其前不用being。这样的过去分词及短语常见的有：seated(坐着的)、hidden(躲着)、stationed(驻扎)、lost/absorbed in(沉溺于)、born in(出身于)、dressed in(穿着)、tired of(厌烦了)等。
Lost/Absorbed in deep thought，he didn't hear the sound.
3．独立主格结构作状语
如果分词作状语的逻辑主语不是句子的主语，须在分词前面加上它自己的主语，这种结构叫独立主格结构，其作用相当于状语从句；有时也用with复合结构(with＋宾语＋宾语补足语)作状语。
(1)名词/主格代词＋现在分词
名词/主格代词与现在分词之间是主谓关系。
The girl staring at him(＝As the girl stared at him)，he didn't know what to say.
女孩两眼望着他，他不知道说什么好。
(2)名词/主格代词＋过去分词
名词/主格代词与过去分词之间是动宾关系。
The problems solved(＝As the problems were solved)，the quality has been improved.
随着问题的解决，质量已经提高了。
(3)名词/主格代词＋不定式
名词/主格代词与不定式之间是主谓关系，且强调的是一次具体性的动作。
He is going to make a model plane，some old parts to help.
借助于一些旧零件，他要做一个飞机模型。
(4)with复合结构(with＋宾语＋宾语补足语)作状语，是用现在分词、过去分词还是动词不定式作宾语补足语，关键是看宾语和宾语补足语之间的关系。
With time passing by(time和pass之间为主动关系)，he almost forgot everything in the past.
随着时间的流逝，他几乎忘记了过去所有的事情。
He sat on the chair，with his hands tied(hands和tie之间为被动关系)behind his back.
他坐在椅子上，双手在背后捆着。
二、非谓语动词作主语、表语、宾语
1．非谓语动词作主语
(1)Laughing helps your body stay healthy and can even help you fight pain.(动名词作主语)
(2)To see is to believe.(不定式作主语)
(3)It is important to respect people.(不定式短语作主语，it作形式主语)
(4)It is no use crying over spilt milk.(动名词短语作主语，it作形式主语)
2．非谓语动词作表语
(1)动名词作表语时，说明主语的性质，回答what引导的问句。
(2)不定式作表语时，说明主语尚未发生的动作或表示将来的动作。
3．非谓语动词作宾语
非谓语动词作宾语的主要是不定式和动名词
(1)afford，agree，choose，determine，expect，decide，learn，offer，manage，hope，want，wish，promise，refuse，fail，pretend，happen等动词后跟不定式作宾语。
(2)appreciate，avoid，bear，consider，dislike，delay，enjoy，escape，finish，hate，imagine，keep，mind，miss，practise，postpone，resist，risk，stand，suggest等动词后跟动名词作宾语。
(3)以下动词后接不定式和动名词作宾语意义不同。
动词
接动名词作宾语
接不定式作宾语
remember
记得曾做过某事
记得要做某事
forget
忘记曾做过某事
忘记要做某事
try
尝试做某事
努力做某事
regret
对做过的事表示后悔
对要做的事表示遗憾
mean
意味着做某事
企图(打算)做某事
can't help
禁不住做某事
不能帮助做某事
go on
继续做未完成的事
做完一件事后，接着做另一件事
stop
中断正在做的事
中断正在做的事，去做别的事
【特别提醒】
1．动名词作宾语时，可以带逻辑主语。此时，逻辑主语可以是物主代词、人称代词的宾格或所有格。
Do you mind my/me reading your paper?
你介意我看你的考卷吗？
2．作宾语的动名词和不定式除了一般式和主动式，还有完成式、被动式。 完成式表示该动作比谓语动作先发生。否定式在doing/to do前加not。
(1)I regret not having taken her advice.(not须放在having前)
我感到遗憾，没有听从她的建议。
(2)They couldn't stand being treated like that.
他们不能忍受被那样对待。
(3)He decided to help me but I pretended to have finished my job.
他决定帮我，但我假装已经完成工作了。
三、非谓语动词作定语
1．不定式作定语表未来的动作且后置，它与所修饰的名词或不定式代词存在主谓、动宾或同位关系。
You are the third one to enter the room.(主谓关系)
I have something important to say.(动宾关系)
He has no opportunity to go abroad.(同位关系)
2．动名词作定语多前置，表示所修饰的事物的性能和用途。
a reading room(＝ a room for reading)
3．现在分词作定语表主动和进行，可转换为定语从句。
The question being discussed (＝which is being discussed) now is important.
4．过去分词作定语表被动和完成，也可转换为定语从句。
The question discussed(＝which was discussed) yesterday is important.
四、非谓语动词作宾语补足语
1．advise/allow/ask/beg/expect/encourage/force/get/invite/order/permit/persuade/tell/warn/wish等动词后面常用不定式作补语。如：
Tell the children not to play on the street.
The police warned us not to go out at night.
2．make/let/have等使役动词后面用不带to的不定式作补语，但在被动句中则使用带to的不定式。如：
They make the students do too much homework every day.
The students are made to do too much homework every day.
3．感官动词后面可用不带to的不定式或分词作补语。
从时间上看，不定式表示发生或完成；现在分词强调正在进行；过去分词表示完成。
从逻辑关系上看，不定式和现在分词与宾语之间存在着主谓关系；过去分词与宾语之间存在着动宾关系。如：
I saw him cross the street.
我看到他穿过了大街。
I saw him crossing the street.
我看到他正在穿过大街。
I saw him surrounded by a group of students.
我看到一群学生围着他。
五、非谓语动词的否定式、进行式、完成式和被动式
1．非谓语动词的否定式均是在前面加not。
He pretended not to see me.
I regret not following his advice.
Not having tried his best，he failed in the exam.
2．不定式的进行式、完成式和被动式。
当谓语动词表示的动作(情况)发生时，不定式动作正在进行，不定式要用进行式。
The boy pretended to be working hard.
当不定式的动作在谓语动作发生时，不定式要用完成式。
I happened to have seen the film.
当不定式的逻辑主语为不定式动作的承受者时，不定式要用被动式。
The patient asked to be operated on at once.
3．动名词的完成式、被动式、完成被动式和带有逻辑主语的复合结构。
We remembered having seen the film.
He came to the party without being invited.
He forgot having been taken to Guangzhou when he was five years old.
His not knowing English troubled him a lot.
4．现在分词的完成式和被动式。
当现在分词的动作早于谓语动作发生时，现在分词要用完成式。
Having done his homework，he played basketball.
当现在分词的逻辑主语为其动作的承受者时，现在分词要用被动式。
The problem being discussed is very important.
Having been told many times，the naughty boy made the same mistake.
【题型示例】
题型1、辨别谓语与非谓语动词
【例1】 Before you quit your job, ________(consider) how your family would feel about your decision.
【答案】consider
【举一反三】Let those in need ________(understand) that we will go all out to help them.
【答案】understand
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：要让那些生活困难的人们相信我们会全力以赴帮助他们的。本题考查let sb. do sth.结构，let是使役动词，其后作宾补的动词不定式要省略to，故该题的正确答案为understand。in need“生活困难的”，作those的后置定语。
【变式探究】________ it with me should be a good choice.Trust me!
A．When left B．Leave
C．If you leave D．Leaving
【答案】D
【解析】句意：把他留给我应该是一个好选择。 相信我。 leaving是动名词作主语。
【变式探究】 Please do me a favor—________ my friend Mr.Smith to Youth Theater at 7：30 tonight.
A．to invite B．inviting C．invite D．invited
【答案】C
【解析】该题目把祈使句，非谓语动词以及破折号的作用综合到一起来进行考查。句意：请帮我个忙——邀请我的朋友史密斯先生今晚7点半到青年剧院。破折号后是一个祈使句。
【特别提醒】
谓语：谓语是对主语动作或状态的陈述或说明，指出“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”，谓语动词的位置一般在主语之后。
非谓语：在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫作非谓语动词。
题型2、非谓语动词做主语、宾语
【例2】(2015·安徽，27改编)________(ignore) the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make.
立意与点拨：设空处位于句首，考虑句中可能缺少主语或状语，再分析句子成分，句中已有谓语动词will be，句中缺少的是主语，再根据句意可知应用动名词形式。
答案：Ignoring 句意为：忽视这两种研究结果的差异将是你所犯的最严重错误之一。分析句子结构可知，句子的谓语部分是will be，one of the worst mistakes是表语，you make是省略关系代词的定语从句，修饰mistakes。很显然，________ the difference between the two research findings是主语部分，结合语境可知设空处用动名词作主语。答案为Ignoring。
【变式探究】 (2015·课标全国Ⅱ，64)In addition to their simple beauty，what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their ability to “air condition” a house without________(use)electric equipment.
立意与点拨：空格前有介词without，提示词为use，可知此处应填动名词形式作宾语。
答案：using 句意为：除了朴素之美外，令人赞叹的是这些土坯房具有不使用电气设备就能自动进行空气调节的能力。介词without后面用名词或动名词作宾语，故填using。
【变式探究】Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and ________(reduce) to ruins, the city took on a new look.
【答案】being reduced
【举一反三】I remembered ________(lock) the door before I left the office, but forgot to turn off the lights.
【答案】to lock
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：在离开办公室前，我记住了要锁门，但是忘记了要关灯。remember to do sth.意为“记住要去做某事”，remember doing sth.意为“记得以前做过某事”。本题是对发生在过去情况的客观陈述，根据but可知前后是互相对立的两件事情，即“记住了要锁门而忘记了要关灯”。
【变式探究】I can't stand ________ with Jane in the same office.She just refuses ________ talking while she works.
A．working; stopping B．to work；stopping
C．working；to stop D．to work；to stop
【答案】 C
【解析】stand在这里表示“忍受”，后面要求用动名词作宾语，而“refuse”要用不定式作宾语。
【变式探究】 Isn't it time you got down to ________ the papers?
A．mark B．be marked
C．being marked D．marking
【答案】D
【解析】“got down to”中的“to”是介词，因而要用动名词作宾语，而动名词“marking”与其逻辑主语“you”是主动关系。
【特别提醒】
非谓语作主语、宾语的重点
(1)it充当动词不定式的形式主语或形式宾语
①It is important for us to learn English very well.
对我们来说学好英语是非常重要的。
②I think it important for us to learn English very well.我认为对我们来说学好英语是非常重要的。
(2)it作形式主语使用动名词的句型
①It is no use/no good/useless＋doing sth
It is no use crying.哭没有用。
②It is fun (a great pleasure, a waste of time) ＋doing sth
It is a waste of time trying to explain.
设法解释是浪费时间。
题型3、非谓语动词做表语
【例3】 (2014·广东，25)We got a little ________(sunburn)，but the day had been so relaxing that we didn't mind.
立意与点拨：给出的提示词为动词，并且句中也有了谓语动词got，考虑设空处应用非谓语动词形式；再分析sunburn与其逻辑主语we的关系可判断应用过去分词形式。
答案：sunburned或sunburnt 本题考查“get＋过去分词”表示状态。got在该题中为连系动词，且sunburn与we之间为动宾关系，故应用过去分词作表语。因此，答案为sunburned或sunburnt。
【变式探究】The engine just won't start. Something seems ________(go) wrong with it.
【答案】to have gone
【举一反三】Tom sounds very much ________(interest) in the job, but I'm not sure whether he can manage it.
【答案】interested
【解析】“sound”是连系动词，应使用形容词化的分词作表语。“interest”的现在分词表示主语所具有的特征，意思是“令人感兴趣的”；过去分词表示主语所处的状态，意思是“感兴趣的”。
【变式探究】Tom sounds very much ________ in the job, but I'm not sure whether he can manage it.
A．interested B．interesting
C．interestingly D．interestedly
【答案】A
【解析】“sound”是连系动词，应使用形容词化的分词作表语。C、D 备选项都是副词，应排除。“interest”的现在分词表示主语所具有的特征，意思是“令人感兴趣的”；过去分词表示主语所处的状态，意思是“感兴趣的”。
【变式探究】 Please remain ________；the winner of the prize will be announced soon.
A．seating B．seated C．to seat D．to be seated
【答案】B
【特别提醒】非谓语作表语的重点
(1)不定式、动名词与分词作表语的区别。不定式和动名词作表语相当于一个名词作表语，含义是回答主语“是什么”；分词作表语相当于形容词作表语，含义是回答主语“怎么样”。
Our plan is to keep the affair secret.
我们的计划是让这件事成为秘密。
Their job is making wheelchairs for disabled people.
他们的工作是为残疾人制造轮椅。
The music they are playing sounds exciting.
他们演奏的音乐听起来令人激动。
This beautiful village remains unknown to the rest of the world.这个美丽的村庄仍未被外界所知。
(2)现在分词和过去分词作表语的区别。现在分词和过去分词作表语都是用于回答主语“怎么样”的。现在分词说明主语的特征，过去分词说明主语的状态。如：
This dog is frightening.
这条狗让人害怕。(说明狗的特征)
This dog is frightened.
这条狗有些害怕。(说明狗的心理状态)
Climbing is tiring and we are completely tired after a day's climbing.
爬山是累人的，爬了一天的山我们都全累坏了。(tiring说明climbing的特征，tired说明我们的状态)
题型4、非谓语动词做宾语补足语
【例4】(2014·四川，5改编)The manager was satisfied to see many new products ______ (develop) after great effort.
立意与点拨：提示词为动词，且句中已有谓语was satisfied to see，便会考虑此处为“动词(see/hear/feel/watch/notice等)＋名词或代词＋宾补”结构；再根据所给的动词和其逻辑主语的关系确定答案。
答案：developed 句意为：经过一番努力之后，看到许多新产品被开发出来，经理感到很满意。此处为see sth. done结构，动词develop与宾语many new products之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词作宾补表示被动、已完成，故答案为developed。
【变式探究】 When we saw the road ________(block) with snow, we decided to spend the holiday at home.
【答案】blocked
【举一反三】Passengers are permitted ________(carry) only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane.
【答案】to carry
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：乘客只被允许带一件手提行李登机。该题考查permit的固定搭配be permitted to do sth.(被允许做某事)的用法。动词不定式在permit sb. to do中作宾语补足语，但在be permitted to do中作主语补足语。根据passengers与carry之间的主动关系可确定填to carry。
【变式探究】The teacher asked us ________ so much noise.
A．don't make B．not make
C．not making D．not to make
【答案】D
【解析】在动词“ask”后面用不定式作宾语补足语，其否定形式是“not to do”。
【变式探究】 —Excuse me，sir, where is Room 301?
—Just a minute.I'll have Bob ________ you to your room.
A． show B．shows C．to show D．showing
【答案】A
【解析】“have sb do sth”意为命令或安排某人做某事。根据提供的情景可判断出让Bob带你到房间去，“have sb doing sth”表示使某人一直处于某种状态中。
【特别提醒】
非谓语动词做宾语补足语的要点：
(1)主动关系用现在分词，被动关系用过去分词，将来的动作用不定式。
(2)几个特别的结构
▲have＋宾语＋do/doing/done
①“ have ＋ 宾语＋ do sth ”意为“让/叫/使某人做某事”。此结构中的 have 是使役动词，宾语后的 do sth 是不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。
The boss often has them work for 14 hours a day.
老板经常要他们一天工作14 个小时。
②“have ＋宾语＋ doing”意为“叫/让/使某人做某事或让某种情况发生”。宾语后面用现在分词作宾语补足语，表示宾语与现在分词表示的动作之间为主动关系，且动作正在进行。
Don't have the dog barking much, Lilin.
李林，别让狗狂吠不停。
③“ have ＋ 宾语＋done”意为“让/叫/使/请别人做某事”或者是“遭受/遭遇了……，此时，主语是无意中的受动者，而不是动作的执行者”的意思。宾语后面用过去分词作宾语补足语，说明宾语与过去分词表示的动作之间是被动关系。
We had the machine mended just now.
我们刚才请人把机器修好了。
He had his leg injured while playing football.
他在踢足球时腿受了伤。
▲get＋宾语＋to do/doing/done
三种结构的意义请参看上述“have＋宾语＋do/doing/done”的意义解释。
He got his sister to help him with his clothes.
他让姐姐帮他洗衣服。
Can you really get that old clock going again.
你真的能让那辆旧钟再走起来吗？
Doris got her bad tooth pulled out in the hospital.
多丽丝在医院把坏牙拔了。
▲catch sb doing sth逮住某人干某事
If she catches me reading her diary, she'll be furious.
如果她抓住我偷看她的日记，她会愤怒的。
▲make ＋ oneself ＋ done
oneself 与其后的过去分词存在着动宾关系，或者说是被动关系
He raised his voice in order to make himself heard.
他提高了嗓门为了使别人听清他的讲话。
题型5、非谓语动词做定语
【例5】(2015·课标全国Ⅰ，70)Abercrombie & Kent，a travel company in Hong Kong，says it regularly arranges quick getaways here for people ________ (live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong.
立意与点拨：分析句子结构快速找到谓语动词arranges，从而判断此处应填非谓语动词；再根据句意可知，逻辑主语people与live之间为主动关系，最后确定填现在分词形式。
答案：living 句意为：香港的一家旅游公司Abercrombie & Kent说，他们经常在这儿为上海人和香港人安排方便的度假。该句的谓语动词是arranges，所以此处应是非谓语动词；people和live之间是主动关系，故填living作后置定语。
【变式探究】You cannot accept an opinion ________(offer) to you unless it is based on facts.
【答案】offered
【举一反三】The room is empty except for a bookshelf ________(stand) in the corner.
【答案】standing
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：除了有一个立在角落里的书架，这个房间是空的。整个句子是主系表结构，except for a bookshelf ________ in the corner属于介词短语作状语，所以空格处应是非谓语动词作定语，并且bookshelf与stand之间是主谓关系，所以填standing。
【变式探究】If there is a lot of work ________， I'm happy to just keep on until it is finished.
A．to do B．to be doing
C．done D．doing
【答案】A
【解析】“work”和“do”虽然存在逻辑上的动宾关系，但主语“I”和“do”存在逻辑上的主谓关系，此时用“to do”作后置定语。
【变式探究】If water becomes increasingly scarce in decades ________，water shortage will become a hot issue all over the world.
A．coming B．having come
C．to come D．to be coming
【答案】C
【特别提醒】
1．不定式作定语
(1)不定式作定语常用于不定代词或被the first/next/only/last等修饰的名词和其他一些名词、代词之后。其中，不定式的一般式通常表示一个将来或经常性的动作，完成式则表示该动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。
例如：She is always the first (one) to come and the last to leave.
(2)如果作定语的不定式与被修饰的名词有动宾关系，在不及物动词后通常要加上适当的介词。
例如：Let's first find a room to live in / to put the things in.
(3)不定式作定语修饰一个在逻辑上是其宾语名词时，若在句子中能找到该不定式的逻辑主语， 则该不定式多用主动表被动，否则，用被动式。
例如： Have you got anything to say at the meeting?
(you...say ...anything)
Here is a letter to be taken to Mr.Li.
在there be句型中，有时用主动式或被动式意思不同。
比较：There is nothing to do at present.(＝We have nothing to do at present.)
There is nothing to be done at present.(＝We can do nothing at present.)
2．－ing分词作定语
(1)单个的－ing分词作定语一般前置，说明名词的性质、特征或用途等，－ing短语作定语一般后置；强调动作的单个－ing分词也常后置。
例如：a sleeping car (＝a car for sleeping )
a sleeping child (＝a child who is sleeping )
(2)－ing分词作定语一般要求其动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生或是在说话时该动作正在进行，否则，要用从句作定语。
例如：Do you know the boy talking (＝who is talking ) to the teacher?
比较：误：He is the man visiting our class yesterday.
正：He is the man who visited our class yesterday.
3．－ed分词作定语
－ed分词作定语一般表示一个被动或已完成动作，－ing分词表示一个主动或正在进行的动作， －ing分词的被动式则表示一个正在被进行的动作。
例如：a developed/developing country
He is a student loved by all the teachers.
The building being built will be the third Teaching Building of our school.
4．像定语从句一样，分词作定语也有非限制性的，其作用相当于一个非限制性定语从句
例如：The students, wearing their school uniforms, marched into the playground.
The substance, discovered almost by accident，has greatly changed the world.
题型6、非谓语动词做状语
【例6】When I was little, my mother used to sit by my bed, ________(tell) me stories till I fell asleep.
【答案】telling
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我小时候，妈妈常常坐在我的床边给我讲故事，一直讲到我睡着。空格前是一个主干无缺、语意完整的句子，因此一定要使用非谓语动词。从句子结构分析得知，“给我讲故事一直讲到我睡着”是作伴随状语的。telling可作伴随状语，表示动作正在进行。
【举一反三】________(eat) at the cafeteria before, Tina didn't want to eat there again.
【答案】Having eaten
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：以前在那家自助餐馆吃过饭，蒂娜不想再去那里吃了。解答本题的关键是分析句子结构。句子的主语Tina与eat构成主动关系，需用doing；再根据句中的关键词before知“eat”这一动作发生在主句谓语动词“didn't want”之前，故用doing的完成形式having done，因此本题填having eaten。
【变式探究】 He hurried to the booking office only ________ that all the tickets has been sold out.
A．to be told B．to tell C．told D．telling
【答案】A
【变式探究】 Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year，________ a record US $57.65 a barrel on April 4.
A．have reached B．reaching
C．to reach D．to be reaching
【答案】B
【解析】从句意来分析， 主句部分表示油价上涨了百分之三十二，逗号后面的内容为油价上涨后的必然结果“达到……记录” 。
【特别提醒】
1．现在分词与主句的主语之间是主动关系，用来表时间、条件、原因、伴随、结果等；第二，过去分词与主句的主语之间是被动关系；第三，作状语的动作发生在主句谓语动词之前要用分词的完成时。
2．作表语用的过去分词在许多词典中已列为形容词，表示处于某种状态，如：crowded，devoted，discouraged，done，dressed，drunk，experienced，frightened，gone，hurt，interested，killed，known，learned，lost，pleased，satisfied，shut，surprised，tired，undressed，worried，astonished，broken，completed，covered等。
题型7、非谓语动词的固定搭配和句型
【例7】 If he takes on this work, he will have no choice but ________(meet) an even greater challenge.
【答案】to meet
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：如果接受这份工作，除了接受更大的挑战之外他别无选择。have no choice but to do sth.“除了做某事之外别无选择”。
【举一反三】George returned after the war, only ________(tell) that his wife had left him.
【答案】to be told
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：乔治战后回来，却被告知妻子已离他而去了。only＋to do sth.表示意想不到的结果。
【变式探究】 Her progress in speaking ability, ________(tell) the truth, is a big comfort to me.
【答案】to tell
【变式探究】 ________(fill) with shame, the boy lowered his head, ready for the punishment from his dad.
【答案】Filled
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：男孩低着头，满是羞愧地等着父亲的惩罚。分析句子结构可知，________ with shame是非谓语动词短语作状语，且fill与句子主语是动宾关系，因此用过去分词filled。
【特别提醒】
已经成为固定用法的非谓语动词(短语)：
常见的有：considering ...(鉴于/考虑到……)，judging by/from ...(从……来看，依据……来判断), supposing that ...(假定……), providing that ...(假定……), according to ...(依据……), including ...(包括……), owing to ...(由于……), talking/speaking of...(谈及……)，given ...(考虑到……), provided that...(如果……)，to tell the truth 说实话
【误区警示】
1．解答非谓语动词题目时我们要善于发现其逻辑主语，即非谓语动词表示的动作的执行者，因为这是确定非谓语动词表示主动含义还是被动含义的关键。
例1、(2014·天津高考)Clearly and thoughtfully______(write), the book inspires confidence in students who wish to seek their own answers.
易错警示：学生易误填writing。原因在于错误的以为write的逻辑主语是you。
答案：written 考查非谓语动词。句意：经过精心清楚地编写，这本书激发了那些想寻求属于自己的答案的学生们的信心。根据题干结构可知，非谓语动词在句中作状语，并且write与其逻辑主语“the book”之间是被动关系，故填过去分词。
2．注意非谓语动词的区别及其自身的时态、语态变化。
例2、However, while enjoying its great convenience, people should not ignore the danger of ________(cheat), for information on Wechat is publicly known.
易错警示：学生易误填cheating，没有考虑非谓语动词本身的语态变化。
答案：being cheated 介词of后用动名词形式，people与cheat是被动关系，故填动名词的被动式，表示“忽略被欺骗的危险”。
例3、(2014· 江西，34改编)He is thought ________(act) foolishly. Now he has no one but himself to blame for losing the job.
易错警示：学生易误填to act，原因在于没有考虑非谓语动词的时间先后关系。
一、单句填空
1． ________(catch) the early flight，we ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early.
答案：To catch To catch在此作目的状语。句意：为了赶上早航班，我们提前订了出租车并且起得很早。
2．The park was full of people，________(enjoy) themselves in the sunshine.
答案：enjoying enjoying为现在分词作伴随状语，与people形成逻辑上的主谓关系。句意：公园里人山人海，他们在沐浴着阳光愉快地玩耍。
3．If ________(accept) for the job, you'll be informed soon.
4． ________(absorb) in painting，John didn't notice evening approaching.
答案：Absorbed 动词absorb有“使专心”之意，常见短语be absorbed in，所以用过去分词作原因状语。
5． ________(work) for two days，Steve managed to finish his report on schedule.
答案：Having worked 该题逻辑主语是Steve，与动词work是主谓关系，已知谓语动词为managed to finish，“成功完成”，比较动作work和已知谓语可知，先工作两天，才成功完成，因此用可表示发生在已知谓语动词之前的having worked。
6．After receiving the Oscar for Best Supporting Actress，Anne Benedict went on ________(thank) all the people who had helped in her career.
答案：to thank go on后接to do或doing作宾语均可以，但是go on doing表示“继续干同一件事”，而go on to do则表示“继续干另一件事”。由语境可知，Anne Benedict在接受奖项后又继续干另一件事，即：感谢帮助过她的人，故要用动词不定式作宾语。句意：在获得奥斯卡最佳女配角奖项之后，Anne Benedict继续感谢所有曾经在她的职业生涯中帮助过她的人。
7．Back from his two year medical service in Africa，Dr.Lee was very happy to see his mother ________(take) good care of at home.
答案：taken 分析结构可知，此处是“see＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，宾语补足语可以是do，doing或者done。若宾语与补语之间为主谓关系，且强调动作的全过程，用省略to的动词不定式，即do；若宾语与补语之间为主谓关系，且强调动作正在进行，用doing；若宾语与补语之间为动宾关系，用过去分词作宾补。此处his mother与take good care of之间为动宾关系，要用taken作宾补。句意：在非洲医疗服务两年后回来，李博士看到他的母亲在家里被照顾得很好，他很高兴。
8．Listening to music at home is one thing，going to hear it ________(perform) live is quite another.
答案：being performed 由live(现场直播)可知 “听到音乐正在被演奏”，故填being performed。
9．When the clerk saw a kind face wrinkled in an apologetic smile，she stood rooted to the ground，________(wonder) whether to stay or leave.
答案：wondering 句意：当店员看到一张慈祥的脸上挤出一副抱歉的笑容时，她愣愣地站在了那里，不知是去还是留。此句的谓语动词是stood，所以wonder在此用 ing形式作伴随状语。
10．Sometimes I act as a listening ear for fellow students ________(talk) over what is bothering them.
答案：to talk talk over讨论。分析句子结构可知act as a listening ear for fellow students to do sth.中的to do sth.是作students的宾语补足语。句意：有时我充当一个倾听者来倾听我的同学们讨论他们的烦心事。
11．Like ancient sailors，birds can find their way ______(use) the sun and the stars.
答案：using using the sun and the stars在句中作状语，与逻辑主语birds构成主动关系，故用现在分词。句意：像古代水手那样，鸟可以利用太阳和恒星来找到路。
12．________(learn) more about Chinese culture，Jack has decided to take Chinese folk music as an elective course.
答案：To learn 由语境可知，此处是动词不定式作目的状语。句意：为了更多地了解中国文化，杰克决定把中国民间音乐作为选修课。
13．In recent years an English word “infosphere” has appeared，________(combine) the sense of “information” and “atmosphere”．
答案：combining 由语境可知，infosphere与combine之间为主谓关系，故要用doing作状语。句意：近几年，一个英语单词infosphere出现了，它把“信息”与“气氛”的含义结合在一起。
14．Much time________(spend) sitting at a desk，office workers are generally troubled by health problems.
答案：spent 本句为独立主格结构。逗号后为主句，逗号前为独立主格作原因状语。time与spend是被动关系，故填spent。句意：因为花费很多时间坐在桌子旁，办公室职员一般都受健康问题的困扰。
15．When a new day breaks，the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough________(cool) the house during the hot day.
二、单句改错
1．Even when it comes to shake hands, ladies come first.
答案：shake改为shaking 在when it comes to...句型中，to为介词，所以要用动名词作to的宾语。
2．The express company will get allthese goods received delivering to the customers today.
答案：delivering改为delivered 句意为：快递公司今天将会把所有这些收到的货物派送给顾客们。deliver与其逻辑主语these goods之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，即these goods为deliver动作的承受者，所以应用过去分词作宾语补足语，此处为“get＋宾语＋宾补”结构。
3．It is difficult to understanding why she barks every minute she's outside.
答案：understanding改为understand It's difficult to do sth.意为“做某事是困难的”，其中to为动词不定式符号，其后要跟动词原形。故将understanding改为understand。
4．I, together with my two friends, was eating dinner at a Chinese restaurant, locating in the center of New York.
答案：locating改为located 句意为：我和我的两个朋友一起，正在位于纽约市中心的一家中餐馆里用餐。(be) located in...为固定用法，意为“坐落于……”。故将locating改为located。
5．We all enjoyed the precious day greatly, remember the time we spent together.
答案：remember改为remembering 句意为：我们所有人都很享受这宝贵的一天，记着我们一起度过的时光。句中已有谓语动词enjoyed，因此remember应用非谓语动词形式；remember与主语we之间构成主动关系，故用现在分词形式。
6．But now we often discuss and try to solve the problems raising by the teachers or ourselves.
答案：raising改为raised 句意：但现在我们经常讨论并尽力解决老师或我们自己提出来的问题。根据by可知，“问题”是“被老师或我们自己提出”，故应用过去分词作定语。
7．The ability express one's idea somehow decides how far one can get along in one's college.
答案：express前加to 句意为：一个人表达思想的能力在一定程度上决定了他在大学里的发展。抽象名词ability等词后通常用不定式作定语。
8．The office of the Students' Union will contact the choosing candidates for an interview in a few days.
答案：choosing改为chosen 句意为：几天后，学生会办公室将联系已被选出的候选人来面试。这里指的是“已被选出的候选人”，表示被动和完成，所以用过去分词作定语。
9．Travel to a place I have never been to certainly can broaden my mind.
10． They couldn't help say that their son had grown up.
答案：say改为saying can't help doing“禁不住做某事”，是固定短语。
三、语法填空
When I was young, we lived in what is now a forest preserve. People had the habit of abandoning dogs, __1__ drove my poor mother crazy! We were not rich and already had a dog.
__2__(look) out of the window my mother complained to us about the irresponsible and cruel person, who had just thrown a dog. We __3__(tell) to stay away from the dog as we could not afford it. I felt __4__(extreme) upset, and I couldn't believe my mother refused to help the animal. She said, “Here we are not the only one. Let others take care __5__ the creature.”
__6__ poor dog lay at the end of the driveway and hardly moved. I was very sad, but dared not say anything to my mother. Later that day I couldn't find my mother in the house. I looked in every room but she was __7__(go). Then I saw my mother __8__(come) home with the dog. We kids ran outside __9__(greet) our new friend. My mother didn't say why she __10__(change) her mind. It's not what you say. It's what you do.
1．______ 2.______ 3.______ 4.______ 5.______
6．______ 7.______ 8.______ 9.______ 10.______
答案：
文章大意：作者一家遇到一只被抛弃的狗，开始作者的妈妈不想管它，因为他们家养不起。但后来她还是把那条可怜的狗领回了家，作者也不知道为什么妈妈会改变主意。
1．which 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，________drove my poor mother crazy为非限制性定语从句，且从句中缺少主语，关系词指代前面所说的内容，故用which。
2．Looking 考查非谓语动词。设空处在句中作伴随状语，且与主语my mother之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词形式。
3．were told 考查动词时态和语态。主语we与动词tell之间存在着被动关系，且动作发生在过去，故使用一般过去时的被动语态。
4．extremely 考查词性转换。修饰形容词upset应使用extreme的副词形式extremely。
5．of 考查动词搭配。take care of为固定搭配，意为“照顾……”。
6．The 考查冠词。此处特指上文提到的被抛弃的狗，故用定冠词。
7．gone 考查词性转换。句意为：我找了每一间屋子，但是她不见了。设空处位于was之后，应用形容词作表语，gone意为“消失的，离去的”，符合语境。
四、短文改错
When I was a child, I spent more than ten years learn the violin. Therefore, I couldn't understand “real music ”. After I graduated at high school, a friend of mine suggested that we started to learn the guitar because we all thought it was cool. I will never forget the day on that we went to buy guitars in a guitar store. There I saw a guitar player playing the guitar, which I really enjoyed. He became my the first guitar teacher. It took me such a long time choose a guitar among several wonderful model. Now the guitar is the most importantly part of my life and I practice it every day.
答案：
When I was a child, I spent more than ten years learnlearning the violin. ThereforeHowever， I couldn't understand “real music ”. After I graduated atfrom high school, a friend of mine suggested that we startedstart to learn the guitar because we allboth thought it was cool. I will never forget the day on thatwhich we went to buy guitars in a guitar store. There I saw a guitar player playing the guitar, which I really enjoyed. He became my the first guitar teacher. It took me such a long time ∧tochoose a guitar among several wonderful modelmodels. Now the guitar is the most importantlyimportant part of my life and I practice it every day.
解析：
第一处：learn→learning spend some time(in) doing sth.意为“花费时间做某事”，为固定搭配。
第二处：Therefore→However 前一句讲“我”花费十年多的时间来学习拉小提琴，后一句讲我“不能理解真正的音乐”，前后为转折关系，故应用However。
第三处：at→from 表示“从……毕业”应用graduate from。
第四处：started→start suggest作“建议”讲时，其后宾语从句的谓语应为should do，should可以省略，因此应将动词过去式改为原形。
第五处：all→both 此处讲“我”和“我”的一位朋友都认为吉他很酷，表示“两者都”应用both。
第六处：that→which 此处先行词为the day，关系词在定语从句中作时间状语，故用关系副词when引导，相当于“介词＋which”，此处应为on which，故将that改为which。
第七处：删除the 形容词性物主代词my后面不能用定冠词the。
第八处：在choose前加to It takes/took sb. some time to do sth.为固定句型，意为“做某事需要花费某人……时间”，it为形式主语，动词不定式短语作真正的主语。
第九处：model→models several后面接名词复数形式。
第十处：importantly→important 修饰名词part应该用形容词形式important。
