【2016年高考考纲解读】
动词是英语中最灵活、最难掌握的词类，它是构成 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )句子的核心，是一个句子中不可缺少的成分。在考试大纲及考试说明中，动词占总词汇量的1/3以上，起着举足轻重的作用。
动词和动词短语在历年高考题中所占比例最大，着重考查在不同的语境中对动词及动词短语的应用，以测试学生对基础知识的掌握程度。
考纲要求考生在复习备考中主要 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )掌握以下几个方面：①动词的词义；②动词搭配；③及物动词和不及物动词的特殊用法；④熟记高频动词构成的短语的用法(例如：break，bring，call，come，cut，give，go，get，hold，look，make，put，set，take，turn等)。
【重点、难点剖析】
一、高考常考的几组动词词义辨析
1．injure，hurt，wound，destroy
injure 一般指在意外事故中受伤
hurt 是表示“伤害”的一般用法，既可指对肉体的伤害，也可指对情感的伤害
wound 常指外伤，尤指在战争、战斗中造成的伤害
destroy 一般指彻底损坏，常译成“毁坏，损坏”
I didn't want to hurt his feelings.
我不想伤害他的感情。
He was wounded in the battle.
他在战斗中负过伤。
2．beat，hit，strike，defeat，win
beat 表示“(尤指用棍或其他硬物)接连地打，击”，还可表示“打败，胜过”
hit 表示对准目标打一下，强调击中
strike 表示突然性或一次性的击打
defeat (＝beat)是指“击败，战胜”，宾语通常是人或集体
win 是“(在……中)获胜”或“赢”的意思，宾语通常为war，match，game，prize，medal，respect，battle等名词
Our team beat the American team by eight.
我们队以超过美国队八分的成绩战胜了。
She hit him out of anger.
她生气地打了他一下。
The tower was struck by lightning.
该塔被闪电击中了。
He defeated all the other participants and won the prize.
他击败了其他参赛者，获了奖。
3．adopt，attach，adapt，adjust
adopt vt. 采取，采纳；收养，领养
attach vt. 把……附(在……上)；重视attach much importance to... 非常重视……
adapt vt. 适应；adapt oneself to 适应于
adjust vt. 适应，调整；adjust oneself to 适应于
This kind of des ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )k can be adjusted to the height you need; besides, it is not expensive at all.
这个桌子可以根据你需要的高度而调整，而且一点也不贵。
Recently, to maintain ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) national balance, the Chinese government has adopted a policy of encouraging college graduates to take positions in rural areas.
为了保持平衡，中国政府最近通过了一项鼓励大学毕业生去农村就业的政策。
Parents attach much ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) importance to education. They will do their best to give their children that priceless gift.
父母亲都非常重视教育。他们会尽自己最大的努力给予孩子们无价的馈赠。
二、高考常考的动词短语辨析
1．break
break away from... 脱离……，奋力挣脱……
break down 出故障，累垮，分解
break in 打断，插话，强行进入
break into... 闯入……，破门而入
break out (战争、火灾等)突然发生，爆发
break through 突围，冲破，突破
break up 分解，分裂，拆散，碎开
If you go on working like that, you will break down sooner or later.
如果你继续像那样工作，迟早你会累垮的。
2．bring
bring about 引起，导致，使发生
bring in 引进(技术)，赚钱，带来(收入)
bring up 抚养，培养，哺育
bring down/up (the price) 使……降低，减少，降价/提价
[比较：(prices) go down/up (价格)下降/上涨]
bring out 拿出，出版，生产，揭露，阐明，使表现出
The government ha ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s taken measures to bring down the high prices of daily goods to keep the market stable.
政府已经采取措施降低日用品价格以保持市场稳定。
3．call
call at (someplace) 访问(某地)，拜访(某地)
[比较：call on(sb.) 拜访(某人)，访问(某人)]
call back 回电话
call in 请来，召集
call off 取消
call on/upon 号召
call up 给……打电话，使人想起
call for 提倡，号召，要求，需要，去接某人
The scene of the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) children playing happily in the park called up memories of her childhood.
孩子们在公园高兴玩耍的场景勾起了她对童年的回忆。
4．come
come about 发生，产生
come across 偶然相遇
come on 过来，跟我来，加油，来吧，赶快
come out 露出，出来，出现，出版，发(芽)，(花)开
come up 被提出，上来，走近，上升，长出来
come up with... 提出，想出(主意)，找出(答案)，赶上
come into being 形成
come into use 投入使用
If you come across ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )faults but you still want the bicycle, ask the shop assistant to reduce the price.
如果你发现你想要买的这辆自行车有瑕疵，但是你仍想买这辆，就让服务员降价。
5．get
get away from 逃脱，逃离
get away with 做了坏事而未受惩罚
get down to (doing) sth. 开始(做)某事
get in 进入，收割，达到
get over 克服，恢复
get across 理解，(使)渡过
get through 接通(电话)，完成(工作)，通过(考试)
After that，he kne ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )w he could get through any emergency by doing what he could to the best of his ability.
在此之后，他知道只要尽全力就能成功应对一切紧急事件。
6．give
give away 赠送，给予，背弃，泄露，分发
give in 投降，让步，屈服
give back 归还，送回
give off 释放，放出(烟、光、热等)
give out 用完，耗尽，分发，发放
give up 放弃，辞去
He said he wasn't ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )disappointed at the result of the final exam, but the look on his face gave himself away.
他说他对期末考试的结果不失望，但是他脸上的表情出卖了他。
7．go
go against 违反，违背
go over 复习，重温，仔细检查，审阅
go by 走过，经过，(时间)消逝，过去
go out 熄灭，出去，外出
go without 没有……也行，没有……也能勉强应付
go through 通过，经受，浏览，仔细检查
I always start the day by going through my email.
我每天第一件事就是要看电子邮件。
8．hold
hold back 隐瞒；控制(情感)
hold out 维持；抵抗；硬撑
hold up 使……耽搁
hold on 坚持；别挂(电话)
hold together 团结一致
hold on to 保留，抓住不放
I'd hold on to that ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) house for the time being; house prices are rising sharply at the moment.
我目前要守住这套房子，这段时间房价涨得很快。
9．look
look back on... 回顾……，回忆……
look on 旁观，观望
look into... 往……里面看，浏览，调查
look out 留神，当心，注意，警惕，提防
look through 看透，仔细查看，浏览，翻阅，温习
look up仰视，往上看，(在字典或参考书中)查阅，查询
The authorit ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ies will look into the case further before they can come to a conclusion about it.
官方要对此案做进一步调查才能得出结论。
10．make
make the best of 充分利用
make up for 补偿，弥补
make out 辨认出
make fun of 取笑
make up one's mind 下定决心
make sense 有道理(意义)，讲得通
make good/full use of 充分利用
make up 编造；组成；构成；补齐，凑足
The boy is workin ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )g harder than ever，hoping to make up the time he has wasted playing online games.
为了把浪费在网络游戏上的时间弥补回来，男孩比之前学习更努力。
11．put
put away 将某物收拾起来，存钱，储存
put down 扑灭，镇压，记下
put forward 提出，建议
put off 延期，拖延
put on (戏)上演，穿上，戴上
put out 扑灭，熄灭，出版，生产
put up 挂起，张贴，搭起，建立
put up with 忍受，容忍
Why do we ha ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ve to put up with Susan's selfish behavior We have to teach her to care for others.
为什么我们要忍受苏珊的自私行为？我们得教她关心别人。
He decided that h ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e would drive all the way home instead of putting up at a hotel for the night。
他决定当晚直接开车回家，而不住旅馆。
12．set
set about doing sth.＝set out to do sth. 着手/开始做某事
set aside 留出，搁/放在一边
set off 出发，启程，引起爆炸，激起，引起
set out (for...) 动身去(……)
set up 创立，设立，开办，竖起，支起
The couple set a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )side some money every month for their future use even though their income can only make ends meet.
这对夫妻每个月都存一些钱以备将来使用，尽管他们的收入只能使他们勉强维持生计。
13．take
take in 吸收，接纳，欺骗
take on 呈现，雇用
take over 继承，接管，接替
take up 从事，开始，专注于，占去(时间、空间、地位等)
take off (飞机)起飞，脱掉(衣帽/鞋)，成名，成功，事业转机，生意起色
Some insects take ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) on the colour of their surroundings to protect themselves.
有些昆虫为了自我保护会随着周围环境改变自身颜色。
14．turn
turn down 拒绝；调低
turn in 上交
turn out 结果是，证明是
turn over 移交，交给
turn up 出现；调高
turn off 关掉
turn on 打开
turn away 走开
turn to 求助于；翻到
—You look upset. What's the matter
—I had my proposal turned down again.
——你看上去很伤心，怎么了？
——我的建议再次被拒绝了。
三、动词的熟词生义
很多动词都有些平时考试中很少考到的用法，出题人往往在此处设陷阱。
1．address vt. 向……发表演说；直接向……说话(熟义：n.地址 v. 写地址)
It is said that our headmaster will address the meeting.
据说我们的校长将在会议上发表演说。
2．act vi. 起作用(熟义：行动)
It takes a couple of minutes for the drug to act.
药物需要几分钟起作用。
3．drive v. 迫使某人(做不好的事)(熟义；驾驶)
Hunger drove her to steal.
饥饿迫使她偷窃。
4．escape v. 被忘掉；被忽视(熟义：v. 逃跑；逃脱)
His name escapes me for the moment.
此刻我忘记了他的名字。
5．fail v. 不足，缺乏；忽略；衰退(熟义：失败，不及格)
Our water supply failed.
我们供水不足了。
He never fails to write to his mother every month.
他从来不忘记每月写信给他的母亲。
6．introduce v. 以……开始(熟义：介绍，引进)
He introduced his speech with a joke.
他的演讲以一个笑话开始。
7．knock vt. 批评，说……不好(熟义：敲，打)
The critics knocked his latest play.
评论家抨击了他最近的戏剧。
8．labour vi. 费力地行走，干苦活(熟义：劳动)
They laboured through the thick forest and up the steep hill.
他们艰难地穿行于茂密的森林，攀登于峻峭的山岭。
9．admit vt. 允许进入，容纳(熟义：承认)
The servant opened the door and admitted me into the house.
仆人打开门，并请我进去。
The theatre only admits 1,000 persons.
这个剧场只能容纳一千人。
10．back vt. 支持(熟义：n.背，后面)
Many of his friends backed his plan.
他的许多朋友支持他的计划。
11．count vi. 重要；vt. 认为 [熟义：数(数目)]
Every minute counts.
每分每秒都重要。
On the whole she counted herself a fortunate wife.
总的说来，她自认为还是一个幸运的妻子。
12．cover v. 走完(一段路)，够付(费用)，看完(多少页书)；涉及；报道(熟义：覆盖)
Here is ￡5; that should cover all your expenses.
这儿有5英镑，应该够你的费用。
13．develop vt. 染上，冲洗，开发(熟义：发展)
The year she ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )was born her father developed a rare disease called lupus.
她出生的这一年，她的父亲得了一种称为狼疮的罕见疾病。
14．employ vt. 使用，采取(熟义：雇佣)
The country employed a new policy.
这个国家采取了一种新的政策。
15．freeze v. 不许动，停止走动(熟义：冻结，冻冰)
Freeze! Drop your arms!
不许动，放下武器！
16．figure v. 认为，想像(熟义：n.数字；雕塑，人物)
She figured that she would be next.
她认为她可能就是下一个。
17．fine v. & n. 罚款(熟义：adj. 好的，晴朗的)
He was fined $200.
他被罚了200美元。
18．head v. 动身去(熟义：头)
The ship was heading for Shanghai.
这艘船开往上海。
19．jump n. & vi. (大幅度)上涨(熟义：跳)
Last week the price of goods jumped.
上周物价急剧上涨。
20．lay vt. 向……提出；制定(熟义：放，摆设，生蛋)
The prisoner laid an escape plan.
那个囚犯制定了一个越狱计划。
【题型示例】
题型1、动词意义的辨析
【例1】 (2015·浙江，7 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ))Body language can give a lot about your mood，so standing with your arms folded can send out a signal that you are being defensive.
答案 away
【变式探究】(2015·江苏，27)The ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )university started some new language programs to cater
the country's Silk Road Economic Belt.
解析 句意：大学开始开设一些新的语言项目，以迎合中国的丝绸之路经济带。考查动词短语。cater for 迎合，满足所需。
答案 for
【变式探究】Recently，the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )se companies have ________ some workers becames of the drop in economy.
A．hired B．dismissed C．refused D．employed
【答案】B
【解析】四个选项都是及物 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )动词，且都可以与workers构成动宾关系，但从题干中的the drop in economy可知，只有B项符合题意。
【变式探究】 When ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )his brother was to cross the street，he was knocked down by a truck and badly ________.
A．injured B．damaged C．harmed D．destroyed
【答案】A
【解析】这四个动词都有“伤害，损害” ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )之意，但具体用法不同。injure指在意外事故中“受伤”；damage主要指对于物体的不彻底的破坏，这种破坏或因自然灾害所致，或因人为造成，常含可以修复之意；harm用于肉体或精神上的伤害，有时可指引起不安或不便；destroy表示毁坏十分彻底，常含无法修复再用之意。
题型2、动词的固定搭配
【例2】(2015·陕西，25)Pet ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )er will take his post as the head of the travel agency at the end of next month.
答案 up
【变式探究】(2015·天津，10)To ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )m had to turn the invitation to the party last weekend
because he was too busy.
解析 句意：因为太忙了，上周末汤姆不得不拒绝聚会的邀请。考查动词短语。turn down拒绝，符
合语境。
答案 down
【变式探究】 (2015·福建，25) ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )It is said that body language account 55 per cent of a
first impression while what you say just 7 per cent.
解析 句意：据说，肢体语言占第一印象的55%，而语言只占7%。考查动词短语。 account for占……比例。
答案 for
【特别提醒】英语中一些动词虽然词形相近，但意义不同
(1)动词adapt, adjust, adopt的用法比较。
adapt意为“改编，(使)适应”，常用结构 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )为adapt (oneself) to ...或be adapted to表示“改变自己以适应……”。
adjust意为“调整，调节，使适合”，常用结构为adjust (oneself) to ...表示“适应……”。
adopt意为“收养，领养；采用”。
(2)动词arouse, arise, rise, raise的用法比较。
arouse意为“引起，激起；唤醒”。
arise不及物动词，意为“发生，产生”。
rise不及物动词，意为“上升，上涨”。
raise及物动词，意为“抬高，举起，饲养，提出，筹集”。
(3)动词acquire, require, request的用法比较。
acquire及物动词，意为“(通过努力)取得，获得，学到”，其名词形式为acquirement。
require及物动词，意为“需要，命令”，其名词形式为requirement。
request及物动词，意为“请求，要求”，其名词形式仍为request。
(4)动词expose, export, explode, explore的用法比较。
expose意为“使暴露，使曝光，使遭受”，常用结构为expose sb/sth to表示“使……暴露于或遭受……；使……接触……”。
export意为“出口，输出”。
explode不及物动词，意为“爆炸”。
explore意为“探索，探测”。
题型3、系动词的辨析
【例3】 The effect ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) of the medicine on this kind of disease remains ________.
A．seen B．to be seen C．seeing D．to see
【答案】B
【变式探究】 On hearing the news of the accident in the coal mine，she ________ pale.
A．got B．changed C．went D．appeared
【答案】C
【解析】“got”作系动词时，表示 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )人为所致成一个相对长的过程；“changed”是实义动词，不能接形容词作表语；“went”作系动词时表示情况变坏、糟糕；“appeared”表示表面是这样而事实上并非如此。
【变式探究】 It was ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )already past midnight and only three young men ________ in the tea house.
A．left B．remained C．delayed D．deserted
【答案】B
【解析】句意：早已过了半夜，仅有3位年轻人还 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )留在茶房。“remain”作系动词，后可跟名词、介词短语、现在分词、过去分词。不定式的被动式作表语。
【特别提醒】英语中系动词主要分为三种
(1)状态及表像系动词
be, appear, seem, look, feel, taste, sound, smell等。
He is a great scientist.他是一位伟大的科学家。
Cotton feels soft.棉花摸起来软软的。
He appears a normal person.他看起来是一个正常的人。
(2)持续系动词
remain, keep, stay, lie, stand等。
He always keeps silent at meetings.他开会时总保持沉默。
The weather still remained cold in April.
四月的天气仍然很冷。
He stayed single all his life.他打了一辈子的光棍。
(3)变化系动词
become, turn, get, grow, go, fall, come, run等。
She grew rich within a short time.
她没多长时间就变得富有了。
He became famous as a writer.他成了著名作家。
His face went red with anger.他气得满脸通红。
题型4、不同动词构成的动词短语的辨析
【例4】 (2015·湖北，26)Don' ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t worry.I'm sure your missing glasses will turn sooner or later.
解析 句意：别担心。我相信你丢失的眼镜迟早会找到的。考查动词短语。turn up出现；发生；开大；
发现。
答案 up
【变式探究】Mother always co ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )mplains that children ________ their shoes very quickly.(find out, wash out, wear out, set out)
【答案】wear out
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )：妈妈总是抱怨孩子们很快就把鞋子穿烂了。find out意为“查明”；wash out意为“洗净”；wear out意为“用坏；穿破”；set out意为“动身；出发”。根据语境判断，wear out最为合适。
【变式探究】The present situ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ation is very complex，so I think it will take me some time to ________ its reality.
A．make up B．figure out
C．look through D．put off
【答案】B
【解析】make up意为 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )“组成、化妆、编造”；figure out意为“理解、弄清楚”；look through意为“浏览”。句意：目前的形势非常复杂，因此我认为要花费我一段时间来弄清楚它的真实性。
【变式探究】 You ha ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d better ________ some time every day for sports so that you can keep yourself energetic.
A． set aside B．take up C．put away D．give out
【答案】A
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )【变式探究】 (2015·江苏，29)The whole team count Cristiano Ronaldo, and he seldom lets them down.
解析 句意：整个团队依靠Cristians Donald，他很少让他们失望。考查动词短语。count on依靠，指望。
答案 on
【变式探究】(2015·湖北，25) ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )There is no doubt that this candidate's advantage lies his ability to communicate with foreigners in English.
解析 句意：毫无疑问，这位候选人的优势在于他能用英语与外国人沟通的能力。考查动词短语。lie in在于……。
答案 in高考押题
1.The TV Dwelling N ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )arrowness(《蜗居》)is really fantastic.The show has succeeded in (get across) much to the audience，which has contributed to its success.
答案 getting across
2. Considering his he ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )alth，I advise him to (set aside) an hour or two each day to work out.
解析 句意：考虑到他的健康，我建议他每天抽出一到两个小时进行锻炼。set aside留出，拨出。
答案 set aside
3. Mary often does so ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )me translation work to earn extra money，which (accout for) half of her income.
解析 句意：玛丽经常做些翻译工作来赚取外快，这占了她收入的一半。account for是……的原因；解释，说明；(在数量上、比例上)占。
答案 accounts for
4. “Judging t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he voice, and not the appearance” makes the show—The Voice of China (stand out) from the numerous other reality shows in China.
解析 stand out意思“引人注目”。句意：“判断声音而不是外貌”使得《中国好声音》在中国众多真人秀节目中引人注目。
答案 stand out
5.I don't know why ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he (break off) in the middle of a sentence.
解析 broke off 中断，突然停止。句意：我不知道他为什么话只说了一半就停止。
答案 broke off
6. He was about t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o do his homework when an unusual noise (arrest) his attention.
解析 句意：他刚要做作业，这时一个不寻常的声音吸引了他的注意力。
答案 arrested
7. It is bad manners to (拒绝) an invitation without a reason.
解析 句意：无故拒绝邀请是不礼貌的。turn down拒绝。
答案 turn down
8. Fully (absorb) in preparing for the coming exam，she no longer has time to enjoy the various activities in her neighborhood.
解析 句意：她完全聚精会神地准备即将到来的考试，所以她没有时间在社区参加各种各样的活动。absorbed聚精会神。
答案 absorbed
9. He was driving home ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) on the highway last night when a policeman stopped him and (accuse) him of speeding.
解析 句意：昨晚，他在公路上开车回家，这时一个警察让他停下，指控他超速驾驶。accuse of是固定用法，意思是指控。
答案 accused
10. That hero ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) who died in the war was so brave that he never (give in) to the enemies until death.
答案 gave in
11.As the tr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ain ran faster and faster，the lights of the city were soon (把……抛在后面).
解析 句意：随着火车速度的加快，城市的灯火很快就被抛在后面。leave behind表示“把……抛在后面；超过”。
答案 left behind
12. At the edge of ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the grass，there's a sign saying“ (远离) the grass”.
解析 句意：草地边缘有一块牌子，上面写着“勿践踏草地”。keep off表示“使……不接近，远离……”，符合语意。
答案 Keep off
13.—Do you remember John who disliked learning at school
Have any news about him
—Oh, John, you couldn't imagine he (变成) teacher.
解析 考查系动词。本句中的turn和b ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ecome都是系动词，表示“变成……”；成为老师有两种表达：turn teacher，或者become a teacher。句意：——你记得那个在学校里不爱学习的John吗？你有他的消息吗？——你无法想象，他成为了一个老师。
答案 turned
14. The gas in my ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) car is (用尽，耗尽).I must find a gas station to fill it up as soon as possible.
解析 run out表示“用完，耗尽”，没有被动语态也没有进行时。句意：我的汽油就要用完了，我一定要尽快找到一个加油站加满油。
答案 running out
15.Since Jerry is ab ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )sent today, let's get someone else to (继续，take相关短语) the work where it was left off yesterday.
答案 take up
16. Economic growt ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )h in the world remains weak throughout 2013 and it is hoped that it will (好转，pick相关短语) gradually in 2014.
解析 句意：整个2013年世界经济增长还是疲软，人们希望在2014年会逐渐好转。
答案 pick up
17. If you want (accomplish) your goals and dreams, you have to be willing to pay the price.
解析 句意：如果你想实现目标和梦想，你得愿意付出代价。
答案 to accomplish
18. Thousands o ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )f visitors (attract) to the Xi'an International Horticultural Exposition the day it opened.
解析 句意：西安国际园艺博览会开幕那天吸引了成千上万的游客。attract表示“吸引”，符合语意。
答案 were attracted
19. When the book，T ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )wilight，was first (出版，bring相关短语)，it was immediately well received by readers.
解析 考查动词短语。句意：《暮光之城》这本书刚一出版，就立即受到读者的热烈欢迎。此处bring out表示“生产；出版”。
答案 brought out一、按括号内要求填空
1. The TV Dwelling ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )Narrowness(《蜗居》)is really fantastic.The show has succeeded in (get across) much to the audience，which has contributed to its success.
答案 getting across
2. Considering h ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )is health，I advise him to (set aside) an hour or two each day to work out.
解析 句意：考虑到他的健康，我建议他每天抽出一到两个小时进行锻炼。set aside留出，拨出。
答案 set aside
3.Mary often ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) does some translation work to earn extra money，which (accout for) half of her income.
解析 句意：玛丽经常做些翻译工作来赚取外快，这占了她收入的一半。account for是……的原因；解释，说明；(在数量上、比例上)占。
答案 accounts for
4. “Judging the voic ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e, and not the appearance” makes the show—The Voice of China (stand out) from the numerous other reality shows in China.
解析 stand out意思“引人注目”。句意：“判断声音而不是外貌”使得《中国好声音》在中国众多真人秀节目中引人注目。
答案 stand out
5. I don't know ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )why he (break off) in the middle of a sentence.
解析 broke off 中断，突然停止。句意：我不知道他为什么话只说了一半就停止。
答案 broke off
6. He was about ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )to do his homework when an unusual noise (arrest) his attention.
解析 句意：他刚要做作业，这时一个不寻常的声音吸引了他的注意力。
答案 arrested
7. It is bad manners to (拒绝) an invitation without a reason.
解析 句意：无故拒绝邀请是不礼貌的。turn down拒绝。
答案 turn down
8. Fully (absorb) in preparing for the coming exam，she no longer has time to enjoy the various activities in her neighborhood.
解析 句意：她完全聚精会神地准备即将到来的考试，所以她没有时间在社区参加各种各样的活动。absorbed聚精会神。
答案 absorbed
9. He was drivi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ng home on the highway last night when a policeman stopped him and (accuse) him of speeding.
答案 accused
10. That hero w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ho died in the war was so brave that he never (give in) to the enemies until death.
解析 句意：在那场战争中牺牲的那个英雄是如此勇敢，至死他都没向敌人屈服。give in屈服。
答案 gave in
11. As the train ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ran faster and faster，the lights of the city were soon (把……抛在后面).
解析 句意：随着火车速度的加快，城市的灯火很快就被抛在后面。leave behind表示“把……抛在后面；超过”。
答案 left behind
12.At the edge of th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e grass，there's a sign saying“ (远离) the grass”.
解析 句意：草地边缘有一块牌子，上面写着“勿践踏草地”。keep off表示“使……不接近，远离……”，符合语意。
答案 Keep off
13.—Do you remember John who disliked learning at school
Have any news about him
—Oh, John, you couldn't imagine he (变成) teacher.
解析 考查系动词。本句中的tur ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n和become都是系动词，表示“变成……”；成为老师有两种表达：turn teacher，或者become a teacher。句意：——你记得那个在学校里不爱学习的John吗？你有他的消息吗？——你无法想象，他成为了一个老师。
答案 turned
14. The gas in my c ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ar is (用尽，耗尽).I must find a gas station to fill it up as soon as possible.
解析 run out表示“用完，耗尽”，没有被动语态也没有进行时。句意：我的汽油就要用完了，我一定要尽快找到一个加油站加满油。
答案 running out
15.Since Jerry is ab ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )sent today, let's get someone else to (继续，take相关短语) the work where it was left off yesterday.
解析 句意：因为Jerry今天没来让我们找个人从昨天他停止的地方做起来继续他的工作。
答案 take up
16.Economic gr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )owth in the world remains weak throughout 2013 and it is hoped that it will (好转，pick相关短语) gradually in 2014.
解析 句意：整个2013年世界经济增长还是疲软，人们希望在2014年会逐渐好转。
答案 pick up
17.If you wa ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nt (accomplish) your goals and dreams, you have to be willing to pay the price.
解析 句意：如果你想实现目标和梦想，你得愿意付出代价。
答案 to accomplish
18. Thousands of vis ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )itors (attract) to the Xi'an International Horticultural Exposition the day it opened.
答案 were attracted
19. When the book，T ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )wilight，was first (出版，bring相关短语)，it was immediately well received by readers.
解析 考查动词短语。句意：《暮光之城》这本书刚一出版，就立即受到读者的热烈欢迎。此处bring out表示“生产；出版”。
答案 brought out
二.语法填空
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
On Thursday Mrs.Cla ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rke locked the door and went to the women's club as usual.
When she came ho ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )me she sensed 1 unusual.Had anyone got in The back door and the windows were all locked and there was 2 sign of forced entry.Had anything been taken She went from room to room checking and 3 (find) her spare camera missing.
The following ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) Thursday she went out at her usual time，but she just took a short walk in a park nearby，came home through the back door and settled down to wait and see what 4 (happen).
It was 4 o'clock ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) 5 the front doorbell rang.Mrs.Clarke was making tea at the time.The bell rang again，and then she heard her letter box 6 (push) open.Picking up the kettle of boiling water，she moved quietly towards the door.A piece of 7 appeared through the letter box，and then a hand. 8 wire turned and caught around the knob (旋钮)on the door lock.Mrs.Clarke raised the kettle and poured the hot water 9 the hand.A sharp cry was heard outside as the wire fell to the floor and the hand was 10 (instant) pulled back，which was followed by the sound of running feet.
1.解析 考查代词。依据下文可知，她意识到有点儿不寻常。something表示“某事”。
答案 something
2.解析 考查限定词。根据本 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )句中的“The back door and the windows were all locked”可知，没有破门而入的迹象，故填no。
答案 no
3.解析 考查时态。本空所在句中的and连接两个谓语动词，第一个是went，因此这里用found。
答案 found
4.解析 考查时态。根据上文可知，她从后门进入，待在屋里，想看看将会发生什么，故应用would happen。
答案 would happen
5.解析 考查固定句式。“it is/was＋时间点＋ when...”是固定句式，表示“某事在某时发生”。
答案 when
6.解析 考查非谓语动词。此处表示听见 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )某事正在发生，故应用hear sth doing; letter box与push之间是被动关系，因此用being pushed。
答案 being pushed
7.解析 考查名词。根据下文中的“wire”可知，小偷是用金属丝打开门的。故此处应填wire。
答案 wire
答案 The
9.解析 考查介词。她把开水泼到了小偷的手上，pour sth over/ on sth表示“把……泼到……上”。
答案 over/on
10.解析 考查副词。这里是用副词修饰“pulled back”。
答案 instantly
三、语法填空
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
In recent years，learn ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ing Chinese 1 (become) popular among people around the world.Last month，I 2 (receive) an email from my cousin Jack in Canada.He said he was enthusiastic about China，and asked me to find him some books 3 (intend) for Chinese beginners.I was very pleased to do 4 a favor.So I went from one bookstore to 5 ，hoping to find something suitable for him. 6 (final) I selected a set of Chinese textbooks among a variety of similar ones.Then I went to a post office to have them 7 (deliver) by air without delay.Several days later，I received Jack's email， 8 (say) that he really appreciated the books I 9 (send).I'm very glad that Jack is beginning to learn Chinese just like many other foreigners abroad， 10 I know it may be an enjoyable challenge for him.
1.解析 考查主谓一致和 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )时态。根据时间状语in recent years可知要用现在完成时，动名词短语learning Chinese作主语，根据主谓一致的原则，要用has become。
答案 has become
2.解析 考查时态。根据时间状语last month可知要用一般过去时。
答案 received
3.解析 考查非谓语动词。此处是短语作后置定语修饰名词books，be intended for为……设计的/打算的。
答案 intended
4.解析 考查形容词。根据上文内容判断我乐意帮这个忙。
答案 such
5.解析 考查不定代词。固定短语from one...to another 从一个……到另一个。
答案 another
6.解析 考查副词。作者从一家书店到另一家书店去找书，所以此处表示“终于，最终”的意思。
答案 Finally
7.解析 考查非谓语动词。此处是“have ＋宾语＋补语”结构，them指代买到的书，和动词deliver之间是被动关系。
答案 delivered
8.解析 考查非谓语动词。从结构分析此处是分词作状语，表示伴随情况。动词say和主语I之间是主动关系，应该用现在分词。
答案 saying
9.解析 考查时态。寄书发生在他的感激之前，属于过去的过去，应该用过去完成时。
答案 had sent
答案 although
