一、单句填空
1． To warm h ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )imself，the sailor sat in front of the fire rubbing one bare foot against the________.
答案：other 此处表示“另一只 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )赤着的脚”，指“两者中另外一只”，用the other。句意：为了暖和自己，那个海员坐在火堆前，赤着的一只脚在摩擦另外一只。
2．How would you ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )like ________ if you were watching your favorite TV program and someone came into the room and just shut it off without asking you
3．The research gr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )oup produced two reports based on the survey，but ________ contained any useful suggestions.
答案：neither neither表示“两者都不”。句意：这个研究小组根据调查做了两个报告，但是没有一个含有任何有用的建议。
4．They reache ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d the top successfully, but on ________ way back conditions were very difficult.
答案：their/the 句意 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )为：他们成功登顶，但是在返程的路上却困难重重。名词前需限定词，根据句意可知，此处填形容词性物主代词their与主语保持一致。也可填定冠词the。
5．He had a deep voice, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) which set ________ apart from others in our small town.
答案：him 句意为：他的嗓音深沉， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )这让他与我们小镇上其他的人不同。定语从句中缺少谓语动词set的宾语，应填人称代词宾格。根据主句主语he可知填him。
6．An average ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) of just 18.75 cm of rain fell last year, making______the driest year since California became a state in 1850.
答案：it 句意为：去年 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )平均降雨量仅18.75厘米，是自1850年加利福尼亚州建州以来最干旱的一年。根据句意可知，设空处指代上文中的last year。故填it。
7．When parents bri ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ng home a pet, their child gladly bathes ________ and brushes its fur.
答案：it 句意为：当父母把一个宠物带回家时，他们的孩子高兴地给它洗澡并刷毛。根据句意可知，it指代上文中的a pet。
8．I'd appreciate __ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )____ if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come.
答案：it 句意：如果你能提前让我知道你 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )是否会来，我将很感激。I'd appreciate it if...“如果……我将不胜感激”，这是appreciate的固定句式，it作形式宾语。
9．It's an either or ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) situation—we can buy a new car this year or we can go on holiday but we can't do________.
答案：both not...both“并非两者都”，为部分否定。
10．I've lived in New Y ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ork and Chicago, but don't like ________ of them very much.
答案：either 句意：我在纽约和芝加哥住过，但是这两个地方我都不是很喜欢。either“两者中的任何一个”。
11．Recycling is ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) one way to protect the environment; reusing is ______.
答案：another 句意：循环利用是保护环境的一种方法，再次使用是另一种。another“另一，又一”。
12．To her joy, De ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )lla earned first the trust of her students and then ______of her colleagues.
答案：that 根据“先赢得 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )了学生的信任，然后赢得了同事的信任”可知，此处用于替代不可数名词trust，应用that；如果替代可数名词复数用those或the ones。
13．At our factory ther ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e are a few machines similar to______described in this magazine.
答案：those 考查用于比较对象替代的代 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )词。比较对象的替代通常可以用that替代不可数名词，those替代可数名词复数，故此处用those替代比较对象machines。
14．Cultural shock is a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) feeling which most travelers experience in a foreign country where they find the culture is quite different from that of ________ own.
答案：their 句意为：文化 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )冲击是一种大多数旅游者在外国会经历的感受，他们会发现当地文化与自己的文化大不相同。根据句意可知此处指旅行者自己的文化。of one's own为固定搭配，故填their。
15．________ is clear t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hat the little money the invention will bring them can hardly support so large a company.
16． With doubts running through my mind, I felt ________ necessary to carry out a research.
答案：it 句意为：脑海里闪过一些疑虑，我感觉到有必要实施研究。根据句型结构可知，此处用it代替动词不定式作形式宾语。
17． Nuclear c ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )an be really dangerous at times even though ________ is a nice energy in general.
答案：it 句意为：核能有时可能真是很危险的，尽管它总体上是一种好的能源。根据句意可知，it在此替代上文提到的nuclear。故填it。
18．The cultur ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )al background of China is totally different from ________ of the U．S.
答案：that 句意为：中国的文化背 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )景完全不同于美国的。设空处代指前面的名词the cultural background，特指美国的文化背景，故填that。
19．Could ________ be in the restaurant where you had dinner with me yesterday that you lost your handbag
答案：it 句意为：有可能是在昨天 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )我们一起吃饭的那家饭店你丢的手提包吗？分析句子结构可知，把could it be以及that去掉后，结构和句意仍然完整，由此可推断此句为强调句。故填it。
20．I had to raise my voice to make ______ heard in the noisy crowd.
答案：myself 句意为：在嘈杂的人群里，我不得不提高声音使自己被听见。make myself heard意为“使我自己被听到”。
二、单句改错
1．We must find ways to protect your environment.
答案：your改为our或the 考查代词。前后代词要一致，前面的主语是we，所以此处应为our或the。
2．Five minutes later, Tony saw parents.
答案：saw后加his 此处parents为特指，故在前加his。
3．Close to the sc ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hool there was a beautiful park with many trees around them.
答案：them改为it 句意为：离学校很近的地方有一座美丽的公园，公园周围有许多树。所以应用it指代前面的单数可数名词park。
4．My soccer co ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ach retired last week. I wanted to do anything special for him at his retirement party.
答案：anything改为something 句意为：我想在他的退休晚会上为他做点特别的事情。此处表示某件事而不是任何事。
5．Then everyone ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )in the carriage began searching for the ticket, which was eventually found under a seat several rows from his owner.
答案：his改为its或the 承接上文，此处指票的主人。
6．If I chose to ta ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ke the next bus, I would have to wait for other 30 minutes.
答案：other改为another “数词＋时间段”应位于another的后面，如果数词位于前面，不定代词应用other/more。
7．I knew that they ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) would be worried about myself because I was so far away.
答案：myself改为me be ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )worried about的主语是they，宾语是第一人称代词，二者没有互指关系，所以作宾语的代词用宾格me。
8．In fact, the weather here is quite different from it in your city.
9．They think it of special help in expressing them.
答案：them改为themselves express的宾语them与其逻辑主语they指的是同一批人，所以作宾语的应为反身代词。
10．That took years ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) of work to reduce the industrial pollution and clean the water.
答案：That改为It 句子的真正主语是动词不定式短语to reduce the...，所以句首应是形式主语，故用it。
三、语法填空
(2015·山西省第二次四校联考)
I was in the nint ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )h year when I began to suffer depression.My parents noticed but felt that since I'd always been __1__ good child, this was temporary.
__2__(fortun ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ate), it was not to be so. I didn't have friends. Hardly could I share my problems. Deep worry began to destroy my __3__(confident). Finally I refused to attend classes, shutting__4__ in my room for hours.
The examinat ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ion was approaching, but I simply didn't care. My parents and teachers were surprised at my bad performance. One morning, __5__ a particularly severe lecture from my father, I stood at the school gate, __6__(depress). Then as the other students marched to their classrooms, our headmaster called me. The next forty five minutes was one of __7__(precious) moments in my life. She said she __8__(notice) a big change in me and wondered why. At first she took my hands in __9__(she) and listened patiently as I mentioned my worries. Then she hugged me as I wept. Months of frustration and loneliness disappeared in her motherly hug.
No one had tried ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) to understand what the real problem was except the headmaster, __10__ helped me out simply by listening and hugging.
1．______ 2.______ 3.______ 4.______ 5.______
6．______ 7.______ 8.______ 9.______ 10.______
答案：
文章大意：本文讲述了作者小时候患抑郁症后得到了校长的关爱而走出阴影的故事。
1．a 考查冠词。child是可数名词，且第一次在文章中出现，故用不定冠词修饰，表示“一个”好孩子。
2．Unfortunately 考 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )查副词。不幸的是，情况并非如此。根据逗号的提示可知，此处应用所给词的副词形式，修饰整个句子，作状语。再根据句意可知，应用Unfortunately。
3．confidence 考查名词。my是形容词性物主代词，修饰名词，作定语，故用confidence。
4．myself 考查代词。句子主语I和空所填词为同一人，故用反身代词。
5．after 考查连词。根据语境可知，此处应用连词after，表示“在……之后”。
6．depressed 考查形容词。由句子的主语I和该空前的逗号可知，应用形容词depressed在句子中作主语补足语。
7．the most preciou ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s 考查形容词最高级。根据空格前的“one of”并结合语境可知，此处用最高级修饰名词moments，表示“最珍贵的时刻之一”，故用the most precious。
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )四、短文改错
I will share a tr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )uely story with you that happened a couple of days ago. One of my classmate bought a bag of snacks from a food store. A few roommates were then invited to enjoy snacks.
Luckily, all of th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )em got poisoned and had stomachaches with our faces pale. They are quickly sent to a nearby hospital. Doctors examined them but gave them some medicine. They were out of danger soon before taking the medicine. This accident should make us to realize the seriousness of the food safety problem. I strong suggest that the whole society pay more attention to food safety.
答案：
I will share a t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ruelytrue story with you that happened a couple of days ago. One of my classmateclassmates bought a bag of snacks from a food store. A few roommates were then invited to enjoy ∧the snacks.
LuckilyUnlu ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ckily， all of them got poisoned and had stomachaches with ourtheir faces pale. They arewere quickly sent to a nearby hospital. Doctors examined them butand gave them some medicine. They were out of danger soon beforeafter taking the medicine. This accident should make us to realize the seriousness of the food safety problem. I strongstrongly suggest that the whole society pay more attention to food safety.
解析：
第一处：truely→true 修饰名词story应用形容词。
第二处：classmate→classmates one of后接名词复数。
第三处：enjoy后加the the snacks零食。
第四处：Luckily→Unluckily 由句意可知，应是“不幸地”。
第五处：our→their 代词指代应与前面的them对应。
第六处：are→were 由该段整体时态可知。
第七处：but→and 前后句意应为顺承关系。
第八处：before→after 吃药后，他们都脱离了危险。
第九处：去掉to make sb. do sth.让某人做某事。
第十九：strong→strongly 修饰动词应用副词strongly。【2016年高考考纲解读】
在句中用来代替名词、名词短语或句子的词称 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )为代词。代词可以在句子中作主语、宾语、表语或定语等。近3年来，高考重点考查不定代词，所考题量占所考代词总量的50%左右，其次是it的用法和替代词。试题的设计注重语境设置，要求考生将句子意思和句子结构联系起来选出正确的代词。因此，做题时要在熟练掌握各类代词基本用法的基础上，特别注意句意和句子结构的结合，只靠死背语法是很难奏效的。
【重点知识梳理】
一：both，all，either，each，every，neither，none的用法
1．both，either，neither ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )用于两者。both意为“两者都”；either意为“两者中的任何一个”；neither意为“两者中的任何一个都不”。如：
Both the boys are clever.两个男孩每个都很聪明。
Either of the two boys is clever.两个男孩都很聪明。
Neither of the two boys is clever.两个男孩都不聪明。
2．all，none，each，every ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )用于多者。all意为“全部都”，指可数的东西时为复数，指不可数的东西时为单数；none意为“全都不，任何一个都不”，指可数的东西时可为单数或复数，指不可数的东西时为单数；each和every意为“每一个”，为单数，两者都能作定语用，但each还可作主语、宾语和同位语。
All of the students are there.
All (of) the milk is there.
Every student in our school works hard.
我们学校的学生都很用功。
Each student ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )may have an e dictionary./Each of the students has an e dictionary./The students each have an e dictionary.
每个学生都可有一本电子词典。
二：some和any的用法
1．表示“一些”时，some常用于肯定句；any常用于否定、疑问或条件句中。如：
If you have any questions, please ask me.
2．在疑问句中可用some，表示希望得到对方肯定的回答。如：
Would you like some coffee
3．some可接单数名词表示“某一个”；any可接单数名词表示“任何一个”。如：
I remember having read this article in some magazine.
Here are three novels.You may read any.
三：复合不定代词的用法
由some，any，no，every加上 body， one， thing构成的不定代词，叫复合不定代词。
1．some构成的不定代词一般用于肯定句，意为“某人或某物，重要的人或事”。如：
Somebody is waiting outside.
I have something for you.
She thinks she's something since she won the prize.
获奖之后，她觉得自己了不起了。
2．any构成的不定代词一般用于否定句、疑问句或条件状语从句中，意为“随便某个人或物，无论什么人或物，什么人或物都可以”。如：
Does anybody else want to go
There isn't anything in the box.
If anyone wants to go on the trip, register here please!
有时也用于肯定句中表示“任何人或物”。如：
Anybody can work out that simple maths problem.
You can take anything you like.
3．no构成的不定代词意为“没什么人或物”。如：
I know nothing about it.
There is nobody here.
4．every构成的不定代词意为“一切人或物，每个人或物”。everything还可表示“最重要的人或物”。如：
Everybody enjoyed themselves on vacation.
She does everything to help her mother.
Her son is everything to her.
对她来说儿子就是一切。
四：the other，other，another，others，the others的区别
the other/other the other可单独使用，特指两个 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )人或物中的“另一个”；也可修饰名词表示“另外的……”。other不能单独使用，只能修饰名词，表示泛指意义
another 可单独使用，也可修饰名词，泛指三者 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )或三者以上的人或物中的“另一个”，代替或修饰单数可数名词。另外another后可接“基数词/few＋复数名词”形式，表示“另外的……(多少)”
others/the others others只能单独使用，表示泛指意义，意为“其他的人或事物”，常与some一起出现；特指“其他的全部人或事物”时用the others
He is willing to help others/other people.
Twenty of the stu ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )dents in our class have been to Beijing. The other students/The others have not.
Some of us like football, and others are fond of basketball.
We need another five chairs/five more chairs.
五：none，no one，nobody，nothing的区别
none 既可指人，也可指物；侧重数量，通常指三者或三 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )者以上的人或物；后可接of短语；作主语时谓语动词可用单数，也可用复数；常用来回答由how many/much引导的疑问句 —How much money do you have —None.
no one/nobody 只能指人；是泛指概念，常用来回答由who引导的疑问句；不与of短语连用；作主语时，谓语动词用单数 —Who is in the room —Nobody./No one.
nothing 只能指物，且表泛指概念；常用来回答由what引导的疑问句 —What are you doing now —Nothing.
考点六：替代词的用法和区别
it 替代前面提到过的同一个人或者物 —Have you found your pen —No, I haven't found it.
one/ones one用来替代前面出现的单数名词，是泛指概念，相当于a/an＋单数名词。其复数形式为ones I think this book is better than the one I read last time.These shoes are not good enough. Show me some better ones.
that/those that用来替代前面出现的 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )同类的名词，是同类替代，但并非同一个，可以是可数名词，也可以是不可数名词。指代单数可数名词相当于the one。其复数形式为those，相当于the ones The weather in Beijing is much colder than that in Nanjing in winter.
考点七：it的用法
1．it可用于无人称句，表示自然现象、季节、时间、距离、环境等。如：
It is getting warmer and warmer.
It was already ten o'clock when he arrived home.
It's ten minutes' walk from here to our school.
It's very quiet at the moment.
2．it可代替不定式、动名词或从句作形式主语或形式宾语。如：
It's important for us to learn a second language.
We must make ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) it clear that anyone who breaks the law will be punished.
3．熟记下列有关it的固定句型
make it；get it；keep it up；see to it that；put it
【题型示例】
题型1、不定代词的用法（none，nothing，nobody(no one)的用法）
【例1】(2015·四川，10改编)N ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )iki is always full of ideas，but ________ is useful to my knowledge.
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )【变式探究】 John has tried many ways to solve the physics problems, but ________ works.
【答案】none
【解析】根据语境可知，此题应填代词none表示没有一种方法。句意：约翰已经尝试了许多解决这些物理难题的方法，但是没有一种方法有效。
【变式探究】 I knew that ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )________ would ever discourage him；he would never give up wanting to be a director.
A．something B．anything
C．everything D．nothing
【答案】D
【解析】句意：我知道没有什么能够阻止他，他将永远不会放弃成为一名导演。考查代词。根据句意可知选D。
【特别提醒】none，nothing，nobody(no one)的用法
none 指人或物，相当于no＋名词；可回答how many，how much的提问；可与of连用 —How much money do you have？—None.——你有多少钱？——一点也没有。I want some more cheese，but there's none left.我想再吃点奶酪，但是一点也没剩。As we were asleep，none of us heard the sound.由于我们在睡觉，因此没人听到那声音。
nothing 指物；可回答what的提问 —What are you doing now？—Nothing.——你现在在干什么？——什么也没干
nobody (no one) 指人；可回答who的提问 —Who is in the room？—No one/Nobody.——谁在屋里？——没人。
※no one无任何人 nothing无任何物 none无所提及的人、物
题型2、不定代词的用法（either，both，neither，all，none，any的常见用法）
【例2】—John, when shall we meet again, Thursday or Friday
—________. I'll be off to London then.
【答案】Neither
【解析】句意：“约翰，我们什么时候 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )再见一次面，周四还是周五？”“都不行，我那个时候要去伦敦。”根据答语中的I'll be off to London then.可知需填表否定意义的代词，根据问句中的Thursday or Friday要用neigher。
【变式探究】 He had lost h ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )is temper and his health in the war and never found ________ of them again.
A．neither B．either C．each D．all
【答案】B
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )【变式探究】 —John，when shall we meet again，Thursday or Friday
—________.I'll be off to London then.
A．Either B．Neither C．Both D．None
【答案】B
【解析】句意：——约翰，我们什么时候 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )再见一次面，周四还是周五？——都不行，我那个时候要去伦敦。根据答语中的I'll be off to London then.可知需选表否定意义的代词，排除A、C两项，根据问句中的Thursday or Friday可排除D项(none三个或三个以上都不)。
【特别提醒】either，both，neither，all，none，any的常见用法如下：
两者
题型3、不定代词的用法（other(s)，the other(s)，another的常见用法）
【例3】 Recycling is o ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ne way to protect the environment；reusing is ________.
【答案】another
【解析】本题考查不定代词的用法。句意：(废品)回收是保护环境的一种方式，而循环利用是保护环境的另外一种方式。another再一，又一。
【举一反三】
Neither side is ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) prepared to talk to ________ unless we can smooth things over between them.
【答案】the other
【解析】句意：除非我们能够清除他们之间 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的障碍，否则双方没有一方愿意同另一方谈话。由neither(两者之中没有一个)可知是“两者”，故填the other，表示两者中的另外一个。
【变式探究】Neither side is ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) prepared to talk to ________ unless we can smooth things over between them.
A．others B．the other C．another D．one other
【答案】B
【变式探究】 The manager believes prices will not rise by more than ________ four percent.
A．any other B．the other C．another D．other
【答案】C
【解析】选项A意为“任何其他 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的……”，选项B意为“(特指)其他的……”或“两者中的另一个”，选项D意为“其他的”，用在本题中均不合适。很多考生因为分不清它们的用法，且又没有看懂句意，从而误选这些答案。根据句意“经理认为价格的上涨不会再超过4%”可知，another为本题的正确答案。在英语中，“another＋基数词＋名词”结构相当于“基数词＋more＋名词”结构，意为“再/又……”。故正确答案为C。
【特别提醒】
在英语中，other(s)，the other(s)，another是常用的代词，它们的用法如下：
(1)other意为“其他的”，其后常接可数名词复数形式，也可接不可数名词，表示泛指概念。
(2)others意为“其他的人或物”，其后不可以接名词，因为它相当于“other＋名词”结构，也表示泛指概念。
(3)the other有两种常见用法 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )：①the other意为“其他的”，其后常接可数名词复数形式，也可接不可数名词，表示特指概念；②the other意为“两者中的另一个”，常用于“one...the other...”结构。
(4)the others意为“其他的人或物”，其后不可以接名词，因为它相当于“the other＋可数名词复数”结构，表示特指概念。
(5)another意为“又/再……”，常用于“another＋基数词＋名词”结构。该结构相当于“基数词＋more＋名词”这一结构。
题型4、it的用法
【例4】 No matter wher ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e he is, he makes ________ a rule to go for a walk before breakfast.
【答案】it
【解析】考查it作形式宾语。句意：不管他 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )在哪儿，早餐前都要去散步，这是他的惯例。句中it用作形式宾语，不定式短语“to go for a walk before breakfast”是真正的宾语。
【举一反三】No matter where ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he is，he makes ________ a rule to go for a walk before breakfast.
A．him B．this C．that D．it
【答案】D
【解析】考查it作形式宾语。句意：不 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )管他在哪儿，早餐前都要去散步，这是他的惯例。句中it用作形式宾语，不定式短语“to go for a walk before breakfast”是真正的宾语。
【变式探究】 —I've read another book this week.
—Well，maybe ________ is not how much you read but what you read that counts.
A．this B．that C．there D．it
【答案】D
【特别提醒】it的用法归纳
(1)it的基本用法：
①it可以用作人称代词，指代事物或上文提到过的内容；
②在特定的环境中，也可指性别不详、身份不明的人或婴儿等；
③可以表示天气、时间、距离、金钱等。
(2)it充当形式主语或形式宾语的用法
(3)有关it的几个易混句型
①It's time for sb to do sth
②It/This/That is＋the first/second...time＋that sb has/have done sth
③It will be＋时间段＋before sb do/does sth
④It is/has been＋时间段＋since sb did sth
⑤It is/was＋具体时间点＋when从句。
(4)it可以用来构成强调句型
这一句型可以对主语、宾语及状语进行强调。
【误区警示】
误区1．误用不定代词
例1、I prefer a flat i ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n Inverness to ________ in Perth, because I want to live near my Mom's.
易错警示：易误填it。it指同名同物，根据题干可知是“在Perth的一所房子”，而不是“在Inverness的那所房子”。
答案：one 句意：与在珀斯的公寓 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )楼相比，我更愿意买在因弗内斯的公寓楼，因为我想住得离我妈妈近一些。首先可把原句改为I prefer a flat in Inverness to a flat in Perth, because I want to live near my Mom's. one＝a/an＋单数名词。
误区2．it的用法
例2、—Do you like ________ here
—Oh yes. The air, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the weather, the way of life. Everything is so nice.
易错警示：受the air, the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )weather, the way of life的干扰，易误填them。it可以指环境、情况、时间、距离、自然现象等。
答案：it 句意：——你喜欢 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )这里的环境吗？——噢，喜欢。这里的空气，这里的天气，这里的生活方式。一切都这么好。it指circumstances or conditions环境或情况；things in general泛指的事物。
