【2016年高考考纲解读】
情态动词是各地高考试题中的必考项目，每 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )年高考单项填空必有一道考查情态动词的项目。考点依次是：推测(可能性)→请求/允许→必要性→特殊用法。试题的立意不偏不怪，但有效信息越来越隐蔽，语境越来越真实，考查角度越来越细致，这些因素在很大程度上增加了试题的难度。而虚拟语气的试题偏少，有些省份已将虚拟语气列为不考的项目。
【重点、难点剖析】
第一部分、情态动词
一、can/could与be able to
1．can/could用来表示“一般能力”；be able to有多种时态，且用来表示在特定条件下的“具体能力”。如：
My grandma is over seventy，but she can still read without glasses.
They will be able to tell you the news soon.
He was able to flee Europe before the war broke out.
2．表示允许可用can或 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )could，与may/might意义接近。could可用于现在时，只是语气更加委婉、客气，回答时则一般要用can而不用could。
—Could I have the television on
—Yes，you can./No，you can't.
二、may与might
1．表示允许，意为“可以，许可”，用法基本上同can与could。如：
May I use your bicycle
2．表示可能性，意为“也许，可能”。如：
According to the weather forecast, it may rain tomorrow.
3．may可以放在句首，表示祝愿。如：
May good luck be yours!
三、must与have to
1．must用来表示说话人的主观看法；have to表示客观的需要，强调外界压力，不得已而为之。如：
He said that they must work hard。
他说他们必须努力工作。(主观上要做这件事)
My brother was il ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )l, so I had to call the doctor in the middle of the night.
我弟弟生病了，我只得半夜里把医生请来。(客观上需要做这件事)
2．表示“不必”，须用don't have to或needn't。must的否定式表示“禁止，绝对不可”。如：
You don't have to tell him about it.
你不必告诉他那件事。
You mustn't tell him about it.
你绝不能告诉他那件事。
—Must we do it now
我们必须现在做吗？
—No, you needn't.
不，你们不必。
四、shall
1．用于第一、第三人称的疑问句中，用来征求对方的意见或请求指示。如：
What shall he do next
他下一步干什么呢？
2．用于第二、第三人称的陈述句中，表示说话人的意愿，有“命令、警告、允诺、威胁、强制”等意思。如：
He shall stay in bed.
他必须躺在床上。
You shall have it back next week.
下周一定还你。
He says he won't go, but I say he shall.
他说他不去，但我说他必须去。
五、will与would
1．will用于各种人称，表示“意志、意愿”或“决心”等。如：
If you will ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )keep your watch half an hour slow, it is hardly surprising that you are late for your appointments.
如果你想要让你的表慢半个小时，你约会时迟到就不足为怪了。
2．will表示习惯性的动作，有“总是，惯于”的含义。如：
An Englishman will usually show you the way in the street.
英国人通常是会在街上给你指路的。
3．would可表示过去反复发生的动作。如：
On Sundays he would get up early and go fishing.
星期天他总是早起去钓鱼。
六、should与ought to
1．should表示“建议”或“劝告”，有“应该”之意。如：
You should learn from each other.
2．ought to表示根据某种义务或必要“应当”做某事。如：
Everyone ought to obey the traffic regulations.
3．should和ought to也可用来表示推测，意为“想必会……”。如：
—When can I come for the photos I need them tomorrow afternoon.
—They should be ready by 12?00.
七、情态动词表示推测
1．can用于肯定句中表示客观的可 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )能性，意为“有时会”；用于疑问句中可以表示推测，意为“可能”，有时表示一种惊讶的语气；用于否定句中也可以表示推测，can't意为“不可能”，语气很强烈。
It is usually wa ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rm in my hometown in March, but it can be rather cold sometimes.
我的家乡在三月份通常很暖和，但有时候也会相当冷。
Mr. Bush is on ti ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )me for everything. How can it be that he was late for the meeting
布什先生做什么事情都很准时，他怎么可能开会迟到呢？
—Let's visit Tom together, Stephen.
—There's no n ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eed to do so. He can't be at home, because I saw him board the flight to Beijing this morning.
——Stephen，咱们一起拜访汤姆吧。
——没必要这样做。他一定不在家，因为今天早晨我看见他登上了飞往北京的航班。
2．may/might用于肯定 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )句中可以用来表示不十分肯定的推测，意为“有可能”；用于否定句中也可以表示推测，may not意为“可能不”，表示一种不太确定的语气。
The traffic is heavy t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hese days. I might arrive a bit late, so could you save me a place
这些天交通很繁忙，我可能会来晚一点，请你帮我保留个位置好吗？
3．must表示推测时只能用于肯定句中，意为“一定，必定”，表示十分肯定的语气(在疑问句中或否定句中要用can/could)。
—It's the office! So you must know eating is not allowed here.
—Oh, sorry.
——这是办公室！所以你一定知道这里不许吃东西。
——噢，对不起。
4． should用来表示推测时意为“应该”，即含有“按道理来说应当如此”的意思。
There shouldn't be ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) any difficulty about passing the road test since you have practiced a lot in the driving school.
因为你在驾校训练了这么多，通过路考应该没什么困难。
八、“情态动词＋have done”结构
1．should/oug ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ht to＋have done，表示“过去本应该做而(实际)没有做的事情”，含有责备或遗憾的语气，意为“本应该……”。其否定形式为“should not/ought not to have＋done”，表示某种行为本不该发生但实际上发生了。
I shouldn't have watched that movie—it'll give me horrible dreams.
我本不应该看那部电影——它会令我做噩梦。
You ought to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) have come to the party yesterday, but why didn't you come
昨天你本来应该参加聚会的，可是你为什么不来？
2．must＋have done，用 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )于肯定句，表示“过去一定做过某事”，表示一种很有把握的推测。注意，对过去发生的情况的否定推测常用“can't/couldn't＋have done”表示。
—Ye Shiwen won two gold medals in London Olympic Games.
—She must have gone through tough training.
——叶诗文在伦敦奥运会获得了两枚金牌。
——她肯定受到严格的训练。
—Do you know where David is I couldn't find him anywhere.
—Well. He can't have gone far—his coat's still here.
——你知道大卫在哪里吗？我到处找不到他。
——大卫的上衣还在这里，因此他肯定没走远。
3．needn't＋have done，表示“过去没有必要做某事，但实际上做了某事”。
Mark needn't have h ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )urried. After driving at top speed, he arrived half an hour early.
马克本没必要那么匆忙。他以最快速度开车，结果早到了半个小时。
4．may/might＋have don ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e，表示对过去情况的一种不太有把握的可能性的推测，表示“可能已做了某事……”，否定句表示“可能还没有……”。
Sorry, I'm late. I ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )might have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again.
对不起，我迟到了。我可能把闹钟关掉后又睡着了。
5．could＋have done表示“过去 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )本来可以做某事，但实际上没有做”；can/could＋have done表示“过去可能做了某件事”。
I could have sa ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ved the poor rabbit, but I didn't have the right drugs with me at that moment.
我本来可以拯救那只可怜的兔子的，可是我当时没有合适的药品。
第二部分、虚拟语气
一、虚拟语气在虚拟条件句中的用法
虚拟情况 从句谓语 主句谓语 例句
与现在事实相反 过去式(be用were) would/should/could/might do If he were here, he might be able to help.What would you do if you were in his place？
、与过去事实相反 had done would/should/could/mighthave done If I had started a little earlier, I would have caught the train.I could have done it better if I had been more careful.
与将来事实相反 过去式were to do/should do would/should/could/mightdo If I were to do it, I would do it in a different way.I would certainly go if I had time.
1.在具体运用中，条件从句中有时可省略if而采用倒装结构。如：
Had it not been for your help, we wouldn't have achieved so much.
2．介词without/but for、连词but、副词otherwise常用来表示某种假设条件。如：
I wouldn't have made such rapid progress without your help.
3．有时候从句动作和主句动作发生的时间不一致，这时谓语动词的形式要根据各自的时间来调整。如：
If the weather ha ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d been more favourable, the crops would be growing still better.
二、“should＋动词原形”表示的虚拟语气
这一类型常见词有“一坚持(i ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nsist)、二命令(order, command)、三建议(advise, suggest, propose)、四要求(request, require, demand, desire)”。以上词及其派生名词所接的名词性从句都使用“(should＋)动词原形”的虚拟语气。
①Jane's pale face sugg ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ested that she was ill, and her mother suggested that she(should) have a medical examination.
简苍白的脸色表明她病了，她母亲建议她去检查身体。
②She insisted that th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e man had stolen her car and that he(should) be sent to prison.
她坚持说那个男人偷了她的车，并坚决要求他坐牢。
三、特殊句式中的虚拟语气
If only/It's (high) time (that)．..
wish/would rather/as if等固定句式要求用相应的虚拟语气表达形式。
①I wish I could fly.
真希望我能飞。
②I would rather you came tomorrow.
我宁愿你明天来。
③If only I had taken your advice!
要是听从了你的建议该多好啊！
【题型示例】
题型1、情态动词的基本语法
【例1】 (2015·重庆，12改编)You ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) ______ be Carol.You haven't changed a bit after all these years.
立意与点拨：空后为动词原形，故 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )此处只能填助动词或情态动词；根据下文内容可知此处是说话人的猜测，因为有“据”可循，所以非常肯定，故填语气最为强烈的情态动词must，意为“一定”。
答案：must 句意为：你一定是卡罗尔。这么 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )多年后你一点儿都没变。根据语境可知，此处应该用情态动词表示推测，由下文“这么多年后你一点儿也没变”可推知此处为非常肯定的猜测，故填must，意为“一定”。
【变式探究】He ________ sleep, although he tried to, when he got on such a hunt for an idea until he had caught it.
【答案】couldn't
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )【举一反三】The door ________ open, no matter how hard she pushed.
【答案】wouldn't
【解析】本题考查情态动词。 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )句意：无论她怎样用力推，这扇门就是不开。根据句意可知，wouldn't 用于表示过去的否定句中时，表示拒绝，可译为“不肯/愿意，总是不”等。这里门好像有了意愿一样和她作对，这是一种拟人的用法。
【变式探究】I'm going to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) Europe on vacation together with John if I ________ find the money.
A．can B．might C．would D．need
【答案】A
【解析】句意：如果我现在能有足够的钱，我 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )将和约翰一起去欧洲度假。本题考查情态动词表能力。can能够；might可能；would过去常常，愿意；need需要。
【变式探究】 The fire s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )pread through the hotel very quickly but everyone________get out.
A．had to B．would
C．was able to D．could
【答案】C
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )【特别提醒】
表示“能力”的情态动词有：can, could, be able to
(1)情态动词can只有两种时态形式，现在时can和过去式could, 而be able to有多种时态形式。
Mary can play the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) piano.She has been able to play it since she was five.
玛丽会弹钢琴，她5岁起就会弹了。
(2)表示过去能力时，was ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )/were able to表示经过一番努力后取得了成功。相当于manage to do或succeed in doing，而could没有这个含义。
Yesterday I was able to get home before the heavy rain.
昨天我在下大雨前赶到了家里。
题型2、情态动词的基本语法------表必要、义务、责任
【例2】—The fire in the supermarket last night was terrible!
—They ________ have taken some measures to prevent it occurring.
立意与点拨：考查“情态动词＋have done”结构。
答案：should 句意为：—— ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )超市昨晚的火灾很可怕。——他们本应该采取一些措施来预防火灾的发生。这里表示“应该做某事而实际上未做”，所以用should have done结构，故答案为should。
【变式探究】One of our r ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ules is that every student ________ wear school uniform while at school.
【答案】shall
【解析】考查情态动词的用法。句意：我们有一项规定，每位学生在校期间都要穿校服。此处shall表示按照法律、条例、规定必须要做的事情。
【变式探究】 I ________ use a clock to wake me up because at six o'clock each morning the train comes by my house.
A．couldn't B．mustn't C．shouldn't D．needn't
【答案】D
【解析】句意：我不必用钟表唤醒自己 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，因为火车每天早上六点经过我的房子。根据原因状语从句的内容可知此处表示的是“不必”。A项表示没有能力，B项表示禁止，C项表示不应该，都与所给语境不符。
【变式探究】 —I don't care what people think.
—Well, you________.
A．could B．would C．should D．might
【答案】C
【特别提醒】
表示“必要性”的情态动词通常有：must, should, ought to, have to
(1)ought to与should意思大体相同，但ought to语气比should重，往往表示从法律或道义上“应该”。
You are his father and ought to take care of him.
你是他父亲，应当照顾他。(有责任，从道义上应该)
Young people should show respect to the old.
年轻人应该尊重老年人。
(2)have to表示“必须，不得不”，这个意义与must很接近，但must表示主观意志，而have to表示由于客观因素不得不做某事。
I told her that she must give up smoking.
我叫她必须戒烟。
I have to hand in my term paper before 5：00 p．m.today.
我必须今天下午5点前交学期论文。
题型3、情态动词的基本语法------表请求、允许、命令、禁止
【例3】The new law st ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ates that people ________ drive after drinking alcohol.
A．wouldn't B．needn't C．won't D．mustn't
【答案】D
【解析】句意：新颁布的法律禁止人们酒后驾车。由题干中的law可知答案为D项。
【变式探究】 One of ou ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r rules is that every student ________ wear school uniform while at school.
A．might B．could C．shall D．will
【答案】C
【解析】句意：我们的规章 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )制度之一就是在校时每个学生都应该穿校服。shall用于第二、三人称陈述句中，表示法律规定时，意为“应该”。might可能；could能；will将会。
【变式探究】 —Will you read me a story，Mummy
—OK.You ________ have one if you go to bed as soon as possible.
A．might B．must C．could D．shall
【答案】D
【特别提醒】
情态动词“偏义”大本营
(1)表示过去经过努力而成功地做了某件具体的事情时，只能用was/were able to，不用could。
(2)must有一种含义，即“偏要”。
(3)shall可以用于第二、第三人称，表示说话人的允诺、命令、警告、威胁等；在法律、条约、协定等文件中可以表示义务、规定等。
(4)will可以表示意愿。will还可以表示经常性、习惯性、倾向性等，意为“经常，惯于，总是”。
(5)should表示惊异、意外等情绪，经常用于疑问句和肯定句中，多译为“竟然，居然”。
题型4、情态动词的基本语法------表肯定推测
【例4】(2015·四川，2改编)You________be careful with the camera.It costs!
立意与点拨：根据空后的动词 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )原形be可知此处填情态动词，根据句意和后面的感叹号可知这是说话人提出的要求，且语气非常强烈，因此只能填must。
答案：must 句意为：你必须要 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )小心使用相机。它很贵重！根据下文的It costs！可知，此处是说话人对使用相机的人提出的要求，must意为“必须”，表示说话人主观上的要求，语气强烈。
【变式探究】 It ________ be the vocabulary that caused you the problem in the exercise because you know a lot of words.
【答案】couldn't
【解析】考查情态动词。句意：你难以完 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )成那道练习题，不可能是词汇量的原因，因为你掌握了大量的词汇。根据原因状语从句because you know a lot of words可知，主句应该是否定的。此处为对可能性的推测，couldn't 表示“不可能”。
【举一反三】—What are you doing this Saturday
—I'm not sure, but I ________ go to the Rolling Stones concert.
【答案】might/may
【解析】考查情态动词。句意：“你这 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )个周六做什么？”“我不确定，但是我或许会去滚石演唱会。”根据答语的前半句“我不确定”可知，空格处应填表示“可能，或许”意思的词语。
【变式探究】—Good morning ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ).I've got an appointment with Miss Smith in the Personnel Department.
—Ah，good morning.You ________ be Mrs.Peters.
A．might B．must C．would D．can
【答案】B
【变式探究】What do you mean，there are only ten tickets
There ________ be twelve.
A．should B．would C．will D．shall
【答案】A
【解析】你这是什么意思，只有十张票吗？应该有十二张。should表示“应该，应当”。
【变式探究】 Some peop ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )le who don't like to talk much are not necessarily shy；they ________ just be quiet people.
A．must B．may C．should D．would
【答案】B
【解析】言语不多的人未必就腼腆，他们可能只是好静而已。must肯定；may或许；should应该；would想必。
【特别提醒】
1．must用于肯定句，表示较有把握的推测，意为“准是，一定”。
2．should用于肯定句中，语气次之，意为“很可能，应该”，指按常理推测。
3．can用在肯定句中，表示理论上的可能性。如：
Smoking can cause cancer.
吸烟有可能引起癌症。
4．may用在肯定句中，表示对现在把握不大的推测，意为“也许，可能”。
5．could，migh ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t也可表示推测意义，常用在过去时态中；但在某些场合下，为了使语气更缓和、更委婉，常用could，might代替can，may。如：
They saw something i ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n the sky last night.It could/might be a UFO.昨天晚上他们看见天空中有个东西。它有可能是不明飞行物。
题型5、情态动词的基本语法------表推测的用法否定与疑问推测
【例5】 —I don't really like James.Why did you invite him
—Don't worry.He ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )________ come.He said he wasn't certain what his plans were.
A．must not B．need not
C．would not D．might not
【答案】D
【解析】根据he wasn't certain可知，James可能不来。
【变式探究】 —How's your new babysitter
—We ________ ask for a better one.All our kids love her so much.
A．should B．might C．mustn't D．couldn't
【答案】D
【变式探究】—________it be Tom that stole the manager's mobile phone
—No.As far as I know, Tom is very honest.
A．May B．Can C．Must D．Should
【答案】B
【解析】考查情态动词表示推测的用 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )法。can可用于否定句或疑问句中表示推测；must表推测时一般用于肯定的陈述句；may和should表推测时不用于疑问句。根据语境可知，B项正确。句意：——有可能是Tom偷了经理的手机吗？——不可能。就我所知，汤姆是非常诚实的。
【特别提醒】
1．否定推测
(1)表示否定的推测时，can't/couldn't语气最强，指“不可能”，带有惊异、怀疑的感彩。如：
The story sounds reasonable，but it can't be true.
这个故事听起来合情合理，但不可能是真的。
(2)语气不很肯定时，常用may not或might not表否定推测，意为“可能不，也许不”。如：
He may not/might not be at home.他可能不在家。
2．疑问句中的推测
疑问句中的推测，常用can或could，意为“可能”。如：
Who can it be？Can it be Jenny
那能是谁呢？是玛丽吗？
3．情态动词表推测的三种时态
(1)对将来情况的推测，用“情态动词＋动词原形”。
She must arrive before 5. 5：00前她一定到。
(2)对现在或一般情况的推测，用“情态动词＋be”，“情态动词＋be doing”或“情态动词＋动词原形”。
He must/may be listening to the radio now.
他一定/可能正在听收音机。
题型6、虚拟语气在条件中的运用
【例6】(2015·天津 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，13改编)I wish I________(be) at my sister's wedding last Tuesday，but I was on a business trip in New York then.
立意与点拨：利用虚拟语气考查时态。
答案：had been 句意为 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )：我真希望上周二参加了妹妹的婚礼，不过我当时正在纽约出差。根据句中的but可知“参加妹妹的婚礼”只是一种假设，根据空后的时间状语last Tuesday可知，动作发生在过去，此处表示与过去事实相反的假设，故谓语用“had＋过去分词”结构。故答案为had been。
【变式探究】 I should ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) not have laughed if I ________(think) you were serious.
【答案】had thought
【举一反三】If we ________(book) a table earlier, we wouldn't be standing here in a queue.
【答案】had booked
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果我 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )们早订张桌子的话，我们就不会站在这儿排队了。根据语境可知，此处是if引导的虚拟条件句，从句叙述的是与过去事实相反的情况，因为“我们没有早订桌子”，谓语动词用had done；而主句叙述的是与现在事实相反的情况，“现在我们正站着排队”。
【变式探究】Sorry，I am too ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) busy now.If I ________ time，I would certainly go for an outing with you.
A．have had B．had had C．have D．had
【答案】D
【解析】句意：对不起，我现在太忙 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )了。如果我现在有时间的话，我会和你一起出去郊游。根据句意以及句中的now可知，此处表示对现在情况的一种假设，所以从句中谓语动词要用过去式，而主句用“could/would/should/might＋动词原形”。
【变式探究】 Maybe if I _ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )_______ science，and not literature then，I would be able to give you more help.
A．studied B．would study
C．had studied D．was studying
【答案】C
【解析】考查错综时间的虚拟语气。主句用的 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )是would be able to...表示对现在情况的假设，但由if从句中的then可知，从句表示对过去情况的虚拟，故用had studied。
【变式探究】 This pr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )inter is of good quality.If it ________ break down within the first year，we would repair it at our expense.
A．would B．should C．could D．might
【答案】B
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )【误区警示】
1．误用情态动词
例1、John，look ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) at the time. ________ you play the piano at such a late hour
易错警示：此题易误填need需要。解此题时要注意语境，体会语气。
答案：Must 句意：约翰，看看时间。这 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )么晚了你偏要弹钢琴吗？从说话人的语气判断，含有不满之意。must在此表示特定的语气和态度，意为“偏要，硬要”。
例2、I ________ have ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )been more than six years old when the accident happened.
易错警示：此题易误填mustn't。mustn't意为“一定不能，被禁止”，不能与have done连用。
答案：couldn't 句意：在事故发 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )生时我不可能超过6岁。shouldn't have done表示“本来不该做而实际上却做了”，needn't have done表示“本来不必做而实际上却做了”，均不符合题意。
2．虚拟语气
例3、________it snow, the crops would grow better.
易错警示：与将来事实相反的虚拟语气，if从句中情态动词只用should，不用would，might，will。
答案：Should 句意：如果下 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )雪的话，这些庄稼会长得更好。本题考查与将来事实相反的if条件句，if从句的谓语动词形式为：①过去式；②should＋动词原形；③were to＋动词原形。
例4、The little ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) boy handles the vase as if it ________(be) made of steel.
易错警示：as if(as though)用在虚拟语气中：
(1)如果as if引导的从句谓语动词与主句谓语动词所表达的动作同时发生，as if引导的从句谓语动词用过去时。
He looks as if he were an artist。
他看起来像个艺术家。
(2)如果as if引导的从句谓语动词所表达的动作先于主句谓语动词所表达的动作，as if引导的从句谓语动词用过去完成时。
She speaks Englis ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )h so fluently as if she had studied English in America.
她英语说得很流利，好像在美国学过似的。
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )高考押题
1. This does not mea ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n that we have to write or call our friends every day.It does mean，however，that we care enough about our friends to find out how they are doing from time to time.
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )答案 should
2. I was really happy ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) to be writing a detective story.But after the first few pages，I just write any more.
解析 考查情态动词。写了几页之后，我就再也写不出来了。此处表达过去的能力。
答案 couldn't
3. I'm Captain John B ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )lanchard.You be Miss Hollis.I am glad to meet you here.
解析 考查情态动词。你一定是Hollis女士。根据语境可知此处要用must表示肯定推测。
答案 must
4. He walked ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )in as if he (buy) the school，and the word quickly got around that he was from New York City.
解析 考查虚拟语气。在人称代词he后， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )显然是作谓语；又因他不可能是买下了这个学校，故应用虚拟语气，与过去事实相反，故填had bought。
答案 had bought
5. I recommend that you (try) .
解析 考查虚拟语气。recomme ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nd, suggest, request, command等后面的宾语从句使用虚拟语气，即should ＋动词原形，should可省略。
答案 (should) try
6. Tom：Sandy.It s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eems that only half of the students passed the final exam.
Sandy：Really The exam have been very difficult this time.
解析 考查情态动词。答句意为“这次的考试一定很难”。must have done肯定……，表示对过去的肯定猜测。
答案 must
7. It's a pity you wer ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e late，otherwise you (see) the film star Rain from Korea.
解析 考查虚拟语气。根据otherwise判断此处是含蓄型的虚拟语气，表示对过去的虚拟时，主句用would have done。
答案 would have seen
8. All the st ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )udents put on masks before going to school in case they are infected with flu virus.
解析 考查情态动词。所有学生应在去学校之前带上口罩以防感染禽流感。shall用于第二、第三人称，表示说话人给对方命令、警告、允诺或威胁。
答案 shall
9. Had the g ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )overnment limited the sales of cars much earlier，traffic jam and pollution not be so serious now.
答案 would
10.If you will stay ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) here longer，you may.But you leave before this weekend.
解析 考查情态动词。根据but可知，此处强调说话人主观上认为“必须”做某事，要求对方必须在周末前离开。must必须。
答案 must
11. He commanded th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )at all the gates (shut) when it was getting dark in case thieves came in.
解析 考查虚拟语气。他要求天黑时关 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )闭所有的门以防小偷进入。command 表示“命令，要求”后跟宾语从句时用虚拟语气should do sth，其中should 可以省略。
答案 (should)be shut
12.Tom：Did you visit the famous cultural relics last month
Mary：No，we (visit) it，but we spent too much time shopping.
解析 考查情态动词。我们“本能够”去的，但是我们花太多时间购物，所以没能去。could have done本能够做某事(但没做成)。
答案 could have visited
13.It is necessary t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hat the government (find) solutions for the problems of air pollution to create a clear environment.
解析 考查虚拟语气。在句型“it i ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s necessary＋ that从句”中，谓语动词应该用should ＋动词原形，should可以省略。
答案 (should) find
14. It has been sug ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )gested the sports meeting (put) off till the smog is not so severe.
解析 考查虚拟语气。在 “It ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) is suggested that ＋从句”中谓语动词应该用should＋动词原形，should可以省略，根据句意应该用被动形式。
答案 (should) be put
15. And a similar n ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )umber of students believe that a good university produce graduates who are particularly sought after by employers.
解析 考查情态动词。句意：同样数量的学生认为一个好的大学应该培养雇主们追求的毕业生。should应该，应当，表示义务、责任，符合语境。
答案 should
16. Curiosity sometim ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )es be foolish or wrong.Some people with nothing to do are full of curiosity about what their neighbors are doing.
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )答案 can
17. you please help me get him back into his wheelchair
解析 考查情态动词。句意：你可以帮助我将他弄回到轮椅上吗？Would you please...？请你……好吗？表示婉转的请求。
答案 Would
18.Columbus co ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )uld never have found America if he (not be) curious.
解析 考查虚拟语气。句意：哥伦布如果不 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )曾好奇，就不会发现美洲大陆。对过去的虚拟，从句要用过去完成时，主句要用could/should/might/would ＋ have done结构。
答案 had not been
19. Joseph Addison ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )once said，“Reading is to the mind what exercise is to the body.” I am sure you have heard this quote.
解析 考查情态动词。句意：我确定你一定或可能听过这句话。情态动词表推测可用must/may/might/can/could。
答案 must/may/might/can/could
20. Only by pursuing ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) our dreams we enjoy a meaningful and fulfilled life.
解析 考查情态动词。句意：只有追求梦想我们才能享受有意义的完整人生。only修饰状语放在句首要使用倒装句，can要提到主语前面。
答案 can
21.The tone of the let ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ter should be personal，as if you speaking face to face to the donor.
解析 考查虚拟语气。句意：写信的语气要亲切，好像你们在面对面交谈。这里as if后要用一般过去时表示虚拟语气。
答案 were
22.Therefore，when ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )you are going on a trip，you make a good preparation.Firstly，you must have clear information about the weather.
解析 考查情态动词。所以，每次旅行都应该或必须做好充分的准备。
答案 should/must
23.Every time she w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )as in trouble，she went to him for help，as he said he do anything for her.
解析 考查情态动词。句意：每次她遇见麻烦，都会向他求助。因为他说过他愿意为她做一切。would愿意。
答案 would
24. Actually，if Van ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )Gogh (die) at the age of twenty，no one would have connected him with failure or mental illness.Instead he would have been remembered by those close to him as a dutiful son.
答案 had died
25.Seeing the gir ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )l in green walk quickly away，John felt as if he (split) in two.
解析 考查虚拟语气。他感觉好像被分成了两半。as if后面用虚拟语气(were split)表示不是客观事实。
答案 were split一、单句填空
1．—Can't you stay a little longer
—It's getting late.I really________go now. My daughter is home alone.
答案：must 句意为：——你不能再呆一会 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )儿吗？——天色晚了。我真的必须得走了。我女儿一个人在家。根据语境中“天晚了”和“女儿一个人在家”可知，这里表示必须得走了。must意为“必须”。
2．—I'm afraid I have to leave now, for you see, he is waiting for me.
—Well, if you ________， at least wait till the heavy rain stops.
3．My book，The House of Hades, is missing.Who ______ have taken it
答案：could 句意为：我那本《 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )决战冥王圣殿》不见了。谁会把它拿走了呢？由句意可知，设空处表示说话者对过去发生事情的一种疑问的推测，故填could。
4．It is lucky we bo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )oked a room，or we ________have nowhere to stay now.
答案：would/could/s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hould/might 句意为：幸亏我们预订了一个房间，要不然我们现在就无处可呆了。根据语境可知，or后面的句子表示与现在事实相反的情况，此处为含蓄虚拟语气，句子谓语动词用“would/could/should/might＋动词原形”结构。
5．Film reviewers a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )re surprised to find that Han Han's first film, The Contrinent, ________ be such a huge success.
答案：should 句意为：影评家们很吃惊地发现韩寒的第一部电影《后会无期》，竟然获得如此巨大的成功。表示“竟然”应用should。
6．When you ph ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )oned me, I was having a meeting; how I wish I ________(answer) your call.
答案：had answered 句意为：当你 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )给我打电话的时候，我正在开会。我多么希望我(之前)接了你的电话。wish后的从句中用虚拟语气，根据句意可知是对过去情况的虚拟，所以谓语动词用had done形式。
7． Had it not been ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )for my teacher's help, I wouldn't________(win)the first place in contest.
答案：have won 条件从句中的谓语动 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )词用“had＋过去分词”，主句中的谓语动词用“should/would/could/might＋have done”。根据句意答案为have won。
8．If Mr.Dewey ______(be) present, he would have offered any possible assistance to the people there.
答案：had been 句意为：如果杜 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )威先生在场的话，他就会为那里的人提供任何可能的帮助。从主句中的would have offered可以看出，从句表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，故应用过去完成时。
9．John wants ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) to see me now, but I have so much work on hand that I would rather he ________(come) tomorrow than today.
答案：came would rather后面接从句时，从句中的谓语动词通常要用一般过去时，表示对现在或将来的假设。
10．If my car______(be)more reliable，I would have driven to Lhasa instead of flying last summer.
答案：had been 句意 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )为：如果我的车更可靠点儿的话，我去年夏天就会开车去拉萨，而不是坐飞机去了。根据语境可知，此处是对过去事实的虚拟，故if条件句用过去完成时，主句谓语用“would/could/might/should＋have＋过去分词”。
11． If I________(see) it with my own eyes，I wouldn't have believed it.
答案：hadn't se ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )en 根据主句中“wouldn't have believed”可以判断是对过去的虚拟。句意：如果不是我亲眼看到，我不会相信。
12．I ________have worr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ied before I came to the new school，for my classmates here are very friendly to me.
答案：needn't needn't have done为情态动词中表虚拟的用法，意思为“本不必做某事却做了”。
13．You ________feel ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) all the training a waste of time，but I'm a hundred percent sure later you'll be grateful you did it.
14．Ellen is a fantastic dancer.I wish I ________(dance) as well as her.
答案：danced wish后接从句，从句用 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )虚拟语气。叙述与现在事实相反，谓语动词用过去式(be用were)；叙述与将来事实相反，谓语动词用could/should/would do；叙述与过去事实相反，谓语动词用had done。由语境可知，此处表示与现在事实相反，故谓语动词用过去式。句意：艾伦是一位了不起的舞蹈家。要是我能跳得像她一样好那该有多好啊。
15．—Sorry，Mum！I failed the job interview again.
—Oh，it's too bad.You ________ have made full preparations.
答案：should sho ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )uld have done本应该干某事而事实上没干。由failed可知“我”没做好充分的准备，因此用should have done。
二、语法填空
Drunk driving ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ), a major concern currently, is not a funny thing, __1__ has killed many people and ruined the lives of many others. At present, traffic accidents become “the world's first harm”．
Two months ago, after ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )__2__(drink) a lot of alcohol, my friend's uncle drove his car home. He was __3__(heavy) drunk, but he still drove home by himself. On the road near his home, an old lady was going across the road, __4__ his uncle didn't notice her and he was still moving on under the influence of alcohol. And __5__ old lady didn't see his uncle, either. In the end, the lady died.
__6__ it not been for ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) his uncle's drunkenness, the terrible accident would not have happened. If the lady __7__(die), she would live a happy life with her daughters and sons. And his uncle's home was also destroyed by his uncle. Therefore, two __8__(family) were destroyed.
I wish more people __ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )9__(can) realize the seriousness of drunk driving and obey the traffic regulationsfaithfully.Alwaysremember：refuse __10__(drink) and drive, and give a safe world to you and me!
1．______ 2.______ 3.______ 4.______ 5.__ ____
6．______ 7.______ 8.______ 9.______ 10.______
答案：
1．which thing后是非限制性定语从句，引导词在从句中作主语，故填which。
2．drinking after在此是介词，后跟动名词。
3．heavily 修饰was drunk用副词。
4．but 由didn't notice判断，该空所用词表示转折，故填but。
5．the 特指上文提到的lady，故填定冠词。
6．Had 根据主句中的would not ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) have happened判断，逗号前面是一个虚拟语气的条件句，句子的谓语应用had done形式；但是因为省略了if，所以要把had提前到句首，由此可判断出该空填Had。
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三、语法填空
A man went to a ba ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rbershop to have his hair cut. As the barber began to work, they started chatting. They talked __1__ so many things and various subjects. When they __2__(final) touched on the subject of God, the barber said，“I don't believe that God exists.”
“Why do you say that？” asked the customer.
“Well, you just h ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ave to go out in __3__ street to prove that. Tell me, if God existed, would there be so many sick people Would there be abandoned children If God existed, there __4__ be neither suffering nor pain. I can't imagine __5__(love) a God who would allow all of these things to happen.”
The customer ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) thought for a moment, but didn't respond because he didn't want to start an __6__(argue). After everything __7__(do) and just after he left the barber's, he saw a man in the street with long dirty hair. The customer entered the barber's again and said, “You know what __8__ do not exist. ”
“How can you say t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hat？” asked the surprised Barber. “I am here, and I am a barber. And I just __9__(work) on you！”
“No！” the customer s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )aid. “barbers don't exist because __10__ they did, there would be no people with dirty long hair, like that man outside.”
1．______ 2.______ 3.______ 4.______ 5.______
6．______ 7.______ 8.______ 9.______ 10.______
文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了一名机智的顾客用诙谐的语言来反驳理发师的“上帝不存在”观点的故事。
1．答案：about talk about sth.为固定短语，意为“谈论某事”。故填about。
2．答案：finally 空格处修饰整个时间状语从句，应用副词。故填finally。
3．答案：the in the street为固定短语，意为“在大街上”。故填the。
4．答案：would/should/cou ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ld/might 分析句子结构可知，此句为表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，主句应用“would/should/could/might＋do”形式。故填would/should/could/might。
5．答案：loving imagine后的动词应用 ing形式，故填loving。
6．答案：argument 因为空格前有不定冠词an，所以空格处应用argue的名词形式。故填argument。
7．答案：was done 分析句子结构可知，此处缺少谓语动词，且应用被动语态。再结合文章的时态是一般过去时可知，应填was done。
8．答案：Barbers 根据下文中的“Barbers don't exist”可知，此处应填Barbers。
9．答案：worked 分析句子结构可知，此处缺少谓语动词，且由于理发师刚给这位顾客理了发，故应用一般过去时。故填worked。
10．答案：if 此处缺少引导条件状语从句“________ they did”的连词if，表示“如果理发师真的存在……”。
四、短文改错
Nothing is impossib ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )le! If you have a dream, your dream will must come true as long as you always work hard. To tell you truth, my dream is common. I want to be a doctor. There was a time that I was in hospital. I saw with my own eyes that a doctor fights all night to save a baby's life. I was touched by the kindly behavior of the doctor. I think doctors are the greatest. We can make patients recover from a disease. However, I am determined to be a doctor to help whomever suffers from illnesses. I hope that I am able to help people keep healthy. At the same time, I will devote myself to treat patients. In a word, if I become a doctor in the future, I will try my best to help each patient. From now on, I will spare no effort to study every subjects so that I can go to a key university.
答案：
Nothing is imposs ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ible! If you have a dream, your dream will must come true as long as you always work hard. To tell you ∧the truth, my dream is common. I want to be a doctor. There was a time thatwhen I was in hospital. I saw with my own eyes that a doctor fightsfought all night to save a baby's life. I was touched by the kindlykind behavior of the doctor. I think doctors are the greatest. WeThey can make patients recover from a disease. HoweverTherefore， I am determined to be a doctor to help whomeverwhoever suffers from illnesses. I hope that I am able to help people keep healthy. At the same time, I will devote myself to treattreating patients. In a word, if I become a doctor in the future, I will try my best to help each patient. From now on, I will spare no effort to study every subjectssubject so that I can go to a key university.
解析：
第一处：去掉must will后跟实义动词，不可跟情态动词。
萋二处：you后加the to tell you the truth是固定表达，意为“说实话”。
第三处：that→when 定语从句修饰先行词a time，引导词在从句中作时间状语，故用when。
第四处：fights→fought 描述过去的故事，要用一般过去时，fight的过去式是fought。
第五处：kindly→kind 修饰名词behavior要用形容词。
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