2024--2025 学年第二学期
中考复习（八）年级上册（英语）学科基础知识自测单
八年级上册 Unit 3—Unit 4
一、词汇拓展
1. outgoing (adj.)→比较级 more outgoing 最高级 the most outgoing
2. both (adj. & pron.) A 和 B both A and B
3. better (adj.& adv.)→ best (最高级)→ good/well (原级)
最好做某事 had better do sth.
4. loudly(adv.)→比较级 more loudly 最高级 the most loudly
5. quietly (adv.)→ adj.quiet 保持安静 keep quiet
6. hard-working (adj.)→比较级 more hard-working 最高级 the most hard-working
用下列各词的适当形式填空。
hard-working work hard hard work
Success requires hard work. We must work hard and be hard-working men.
7. competition → compete (v.)竞争；对抗→competitor (n.)参赛者；竞争者→competitive
(adj.)有竞争力的
8. fantastic (adj.) 同义词 excellent/good/great
9. clearly (adv.)→比较级 more clearly 最高级 the most clearly→(adj.) clear
▲ It is clear that … 很显然…
10. win(v.)→won(过去式/过去分词)→ winning(现在分词)获胜→winner(n.)获胜者；优胜
者→lose(反义词)输→loser 输者，败者
11. though (adv. & conj.) = although = even if = even though
12. talented (adj.)→(n.) talent
天才运动员 a talented player
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达人秀 talent show
在某方面有天赋的 be talented in=have a talent for…
13. truly(adv.)→true (adj.)真的；符合事实的→truth (n.)事实→ truthful (adj.)诚实的；真
实的
14. care(v.)→ careful(adj.)细心的 →carefully(adv.)小心地→careless (adj.)粗心的；不小
心的
关心 care about
喜欢；照顾 care for
照顾 take care of = look after = care for
15. laugh (v. & n.)
使某人发笑 make sb. laugh
嘲笑某人 laugh at sb.
16. serious (adj.)→比较级 more serious 最高级 the most serious → (adv.)seriously
严重的问题 a serious problem 严肃的表情 a serious look
对…认真 be serious about 认真对待 take sth. seriously
17. mirror (n.) →照镜子 look at oneself in the mirror
18. kid (n. &v.)
别开玩笑 No kidding. 你在开玩笑吧？Are you kidding
19. necessary (adj.) →(adv.)necessarily
必要的话, ...... If necessary, ...
对某人来说做某事是必要的。It’s necessary for sb. to do sth.
20. grade (n.)
取得好成绩 get good grades
21. should (modal v.)
should do 同义短语 ought to do/ be supposed to do
22. saying (n.)
2
常言道，...... As the saying goes, “...”.
23. hand (n.)
向某人施以援手 give sb. a helping hand
手牵手 hand in hand
握手 shake hands
手工制成 by hand
分发 hand out = give out
上交 hand in
24. touch (v.) →(adj.)touched/touching →单三 touches
25. heart (n.)
失去信心 lose heart 记住某事物 learn sth. by heart 热心肠的 warm-hearted
▲ heart and soul 全心全意
Nothing is impossible if you put your heart into it. 世上无难事，只怕有心人。
26. fact (n.) 事实上 in fact=as a matter of fact
27. break (v.)→ broke (过去式)→ broken(过去分词) (使)破；裂
违反规则/法律 break the rules/law 打破记录 break the record
break out 爆发
break down 分解；(汽车等)出故障
break into pieces 成为碎片
break (n.)
take/have a break =take breaks/have breaks 休息
28. arm (n.) 在某人的臂弯里 in one’s arms
29. share (v.) 与某人分享某物 share sth. with sb. 共享单车 shared bikes
30. similar (adj.) 与…相似 be similar to 在某方面相似 be similar in
31. primary (adj.) 小学 primary school
32. information (n.) 一些消息 some information
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33. theater (n.) 一个电影院 a theater
fortable (adj.)→ 比 较 级 more comfortable 最 高 级 the most comfortable→
uncomfortable (adj.)令人不舒服的→ comfortably (adv.)舒服地；舒适地
35. screen (n.) 在屏幕上 on the screen
36. close (adj. &v.) 离…近 be close to 亲密的朋友 close friends
37. ticket (n.) ......的票 a ticket to
38. worse (adj.& adv.)→ worst(最高级)→ bad/ill/badly (原级)
更糟的是 what’s worse
39. cheaply (adv.)→ cheap (adj.)廉价的；便宜的→inexpensive (近义词)不昂贵的
40. choose (v.)→choice (n.)选择；挑选→chose (过去式)→chosen (过去分词)选择；挑选
choose to do 选择做某事
choose from 从……选择
have no choice but to do 别无选择只能做某事
make a choice/choices 做选择
41. reporter (v.)→ report (v.)报道；公布
It is reported that … 据报道
It is believed that … 据信…
It is known that … 众所周知…
It is said that … 据说…
42. fresh (adj.) 新鲜空气 fresh air fresh water 淡水
43. service (n.) →v.serve
44. pretty (adj. & adv.)→比较级 prettier 最高级 prettiest
45. menu (n.) 菜单上 on the menu
46. act (v.)→action(n.)行动→activity(n.)活动→actor(n.)演员→actress (n.)女演员
动作片 action movie 采取行动 take action
积极参加 take an active part in 在…中积极 be active in
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47. meal (n.) ▲ Try not to eat between meals. 两餐间尽量别吃东西。
48. creative (adj.)→比较级 more creative 最高级 the most creative
→create(v.)创造；创建→creature(n.)生物；创造物→creator(n.)创造者→creativity(n.)创
造力→ creatively(adv.)有创作力地
创造性思维 creative thinking
49. magician (n.)→ magic(adj.)有魔力的; 有神奇力量的(n.)魔法; 巫术→金箍棒
a magic stick
magical (adj.) 奇妙的; 有魔力的 Her words had a magical effect on us.
50. beautifully (adv.) →(n.)beauty→(adj.)beautiful→beautify (v.) Let’s beautify our garden.
51. role (n.)→在…起作用 play a role in
52. prize (n.)→赢得奖项 win a prize
53. example (n.)
例如 for example …的例子 the example of 给 …树 榜 样 set an example
for…
54. poor (adj.)→穷人 the poor 身体不好 be in poor health
55. seriously (adv.)→被严重污染 be seriously/badly polluted 病 得 很 重 be
seriously/badly ill
二、重点短语
1.与.....一样 as...as
2.歌咏比赛 the singing competition
3.只要；既然 as long as
4.使显现；使表现出 bring out
bring out the best in sb. 使（某人）显露其最好的一面
5.确切地说；事实上；实际上 in fact
= as a matter of fact = actually = in reality
6.编造(故事、谎言等）；化妆；弥补；构成 make up
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7.在某方面成绩好 have/get good grades in...
8.到目前为止；迄今为止 so far （现在完成时标志）
9.有相同特征；(想法、兴趣等方面）相同 have...in common
10.是……的职责：由..…决定 be up to sb.
11.在（做）...中发挥重要作用 play an important role/part in (doing)
三、重点知识回顾与整合
1. both
(1) both 的用法
adj.) 两...（都）,两个...（都）
Both his eyes were seriously burned. 他的双眼都严重烧伤了。
pron.) 两者（都）;两个（都）;双方（都）
Why not buy both 为什么不把两件都买下？
Both of my sisters/ Both my sisters moved even farther away from home. 我的两个姐
姐都搬得离家更远了。
adv.) 并；又；两者皆
We like Amy and Phil both. 艾米和菲尔两个我们都喜欢。
conj.) 既；且；和；都
The prospects both excited and worried me. 这前景既使我激动又令我忧虑。
(2) 区别 both/ either/ neither/ none：
both 两者都
either 两者中任何一个
neither 两者都不
none 三者以上都不
填空：
①—Which do you like,coffee or tea
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—Either is OK.
②Both of my parents are teachers. They like teaching.
③Neither of my parents understand English, so they want to learn it.
④None of them like Math. Because they think it is difficult.
2.区别 win/ beat/ lose:
win +(物) 比赛 game/match/competition、奖品/奖牌 prize/medal、战争 war
beat +(人) 对手 sb/ team
lose +(物) lose to +(人)
填空：
I want to win a prize.
I want to beat them.
I lost to him yesterday.
3. 区别 news/ information/ message:
(1) information：不可数名词，意为“信息；消息”，通常指在阅读、观察、谈话或书信
往来中特别 关注的消息、情报、资料、咨询等。
get some information 获取一些信息
(2) news：不可数名词，意为“新闻；消息”，是指通过广播、电视、报纸、网络等新闻
媒体向大众 发布的最新消息，侧重“新”。
good/bad news 好/坏消息
a piece of news 一则新闻
(3) message：可数名词，意为“消息；口信”，一般指口头传递或者书写的消息。
leave/take a message（for sb.） （为某人）留口信
单选：
(1) David is my best friend. I'd like to share the good _______ with him.
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A. message B. information C. news D. sentence
(2) If you want to know more _______ about the vacation，call me at 899-0432.
A. information B. message C. messages D. news
(3) If I am not in my office when you visit me, you can ask my secretary to take a (an)
________.
A. news B. information C. look D. message
5. give 用法
把某物给某人 give sb. sth.=give sth. to sb.
give out 分发
give up 放弃
give off 发出(气体、热量、气味)
give away 捐赠
give in 妥协；屈服；投降；让步
填空：
(1) There were people at the entrance giving out leaflets(传单).
(2) Did he give up or keep on trying
(3) I’d like to give away some old books and magazines to people who want them.
四、重点语法
I. 形容词和副词原级
1. A... + as + 形容词/副词原级 + as + B. A 和 B 一样地……
He is as excited as his younger sister. 他和他妹妹一样兴奋。
Lily rode her bike as slowly as an old lady. 莉莉骑车像老太太一样慢。
2. A... not+ as/so + 形容词/副词原级 + as + B … A 不如 B……
He is not so / as excited as his younger sister. 他没他妹妹那么兴奋。
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Lily did not ride her bike so / as slowly as an old lady. 莉莉骑车不像老太太那样慢。
3. 倍数表示：倍数＋as＋原级＋as
Cats sleep twice as much as people. 猫的睡眠时间比人长一倍。/猫的睡眠时间是人
的两倍。
II. 形容词和副词的比较级和最高级用法
1. 比较级、最高级的规则变化
类别 构成方法 原级 比较级 最高级
单音节词和 部分双音节 词 一般在词尾加 er， est 以不发音的字母 e 结尾 的加 r， st young tall nice large younger taller nicer larger youngest tallest nicest largest
以重读闭音节结尾且末
big bigger biggest
尾只有一个辅音字母
单音节词和 时，双写该辅音字母， fat hot fatter hotter fattest hottest
部分双音节 再加 er， est
词 以辅音字母加 y 结尾的
happy happier happiest
双音节词，变 y 为 i，再 easy easier easiest
early earlier earliest 加 er， est
多音节词和 important 部分双音节 在词前加 more，most careful interesting 词 more important, more careful, more interesting most important, most careful, most interesting
2. 比较级、最高级的不规则变化
原级 比较级 最高级
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good/well better best
ill/bad/badly worse worst
many/much more most
little less least
far farther/further farthest/furthest
old older/elder oldest/eldest
3. 比较级的一般结构
(1) A + be + 形容词比较级 + than + B
A modern train is faster than a car. 现代的火车比轿车快。
(2) A + 实义动词 + 副词比较级 + than + B
Tom jumps higher than Jack. 汤姆比鲍勃跳得更高。
(3) 注意：一种比较级的否定形式
A + 谓语动词 + less+ (多音节形/副)比较级 + than + B + ……
I think English is less difficult than maths. 我认为英语没数学那么难。
Do you think it less important to learn a foreign language 你认为学外语不那么重
要吗？
4. 在比较级+ than 的结构前可以加上某些副词类和表示倍数的词，以对其进行修饰，
如：far (远), much (许多)，a lot (许多), a little / bit (一点), even (甚至), still (更，还),
rather (相当地), slightly (略微), three times (三倍)等。
A modern train is much faster than a car. 现代的火车比轿车快多了。
This book costed me a little more than that one. 这本书花费我的钱比那本多一点点。
5. “比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越……”。
注意：多音节词和部分双音节词，写成“more and more + adj./adv.”.
The weather is getting warmer and warmer. 天越来越温暖了
My homework is becoming more and more beautiful. 我的家乡越来越美丽了。
6. “the+比较级…, the+比较级…”表示“越……就越……”。
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The more trees we plant, the better it will be. 我们栽的树越多，情况就会越好。
The harder you try, the greater your progress is. 你越是，进步就越大。
7. “比较级+than+any other+名词（单数）”表示“比其他的任何一个……都……”，用比
较级形式来表达最高级含义。
He is better than any other student in the class. 他比班里其他任何一个学生都好。
注意：any other 的意思是“任何其他一个”，后接名词单数。
拓展：
①比较级 + than any other + 名词单数： 比其他任何都…（同一范围）
He is taller than any other boy in his class. 他比他们们任何一个其他男孩都要高。
②比较级 + than + the other + 可数名词复数：比其余任何都…（同一范围）
He is taller than the other boys in his class. 他比他班上的其他学生都高。
③比较级 + than any + 名词单数： 比其他任何都…（不同范围）
Shanghai is larger than any city in Japan. 上海比日本任何一个城市都大。
8. 比较级的否定表最高级
一些比较级的否定结构能实现最高级的作用。
No one studies harder than him. 没有人学习比他更努力。
9. “the + 比较级 + of the two” 两者中较……（比较级前加 the）
表示两者中较……的，比较级一般要加 the。
Of the two sisters, Betty is the younger one. 两姐妹中，Betty 是更年轻的一个。
10. 最高级一般用法
(1) 最高级的一般构成：主语(sb./sth) + 谓语动词 +(the) +形容词/副词最高级 +in /
of ...
The Changjiang River is the longest in China. (长江是中国最长的河流)
He jumped (the) highest of the three (boys). (三个男生中他跳得最高)
(2) “one of+the+最高级+名词 (复数)”
one of+the+最高级+复数名词+比较范围 ……中最……之一。
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Tom is one of the tallest boys in his class. Tom 是他班里最高的男孩子之一。
(3)“the+序数词+最高级+单数名词+比较范围” ……中第……最……
The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.黄河是中国第二长的河流。
填空：
1.Which do you like better (well),apples or oranges
2.Who is older (old),Jim or Tom
3.Jack is running faster and faster (fast) .
4.Our country is becoming more and more beautiful (beautiful).
5.He is the taller (tall) of the two boys.
II. 单项选择
1. - Let’s buy some cards for our teachers on Teachers’ Day.
- Why not make some by hand It’s much___.
A. interesting B. more interesting C. the most interesting
2. - What a hot day!
- The weather report says it will be even ___ tomorrow.
A. cooler B. hot C. hotter
3. This reading is not ____ that one.
A. as easier as B. so easy than C. as easy as
4. - Remember this, John. ___ careful you are, ____ mistakes you will take.
- Thanks, Miss Rose.
A. The more; the less B. The more; the fewer C. The less; the fewer
5. It is ____ to teach a kid the way to solve a problem than tell him the solution directly(
直接地).
A. helpful B. more helpful C. the most helpful
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132024--2025 学年第二学期
中考复习（ 八）年级上册（ 英语）学科基础知识自测单
八年级上册 Unit 3—Unit 4
一、词汇拓展
1. outgoing (adj.)→比较级__________ 最高级__________
2. both (adj. & pron.) A 和 B __________
3. better (adj.& adv.)→ __________ (最高级)→ __________ (原级)
最好做某事__________
4. loudly(adv.)→比较级__________ 最高级__________
5. quietly (adv.)→ adj.__________ 保持安静__________
6. hard-working (adj.)→比较级__________ 最高级__________
用下列各词的适当形式填空。
hard-working work hard hard work
Success requires __________. We must __________ and be __________ men.
7. competition → __________ (v.)竞争；对抗→ __________ (n.)参赛者；竞争者→ __________
(adj.)有竞争力的
8. fantastic (adj.) 同义词__________/__________/__________
9. clearly (adv.)→比较级__________ 最高级__________ →(adj.) __________
▲ It is clear that … 很显然…
10. win(v.)→ __________(过去式/过去分词)→ __________(现在分词)获胜→ __________(n.)获
胜者；优胜者→ __________(反义词)输→ __________输者，败者
11. though (adv. & conj.) = __________ = __________ = __________
12. talented (adj.)→(n.) __________
天才运动员 a talented player
1
达人秀__________
在某方面有天赋的__________=have a talent for…
13. truly(adv.)→________ (adj.)真的；符合事实的→_______ (n.)事实→ _______ (adj.)诚实的；
真实
14. care(v.)→ ________(adj.)细心的 →_________(adv.)小心地→_________ (adj.)粗心的；不小
心的
关心__________
在意；照顾__________
照顾__________ = __________ = __________
15. laugh (v. & n.)
使某人发笑__________
嘲笑某人__________
16. serious (adj.)→比较级__________ 最高级__________ → (adv.) __________
严重的问题 a serious problem 严肃的表情 a serious look
对…认真__________ 认真对待__________
17. mirror (n.) →照镜子 look at oneself in the mirror
18. kid (n. &v.)
别开玩笑__________ 你在开玩笑吧？__________
19. necessary (adj.) →(adv.) __________
必要的话, ...... ____________________
对某人来说做某事是必要的。______________________________
20. grade (n.)
取得好成绩 __________
21. should (modal v.)
should do 同义短语__________
22. saying (n.)
2
常言道，...... __________
23. hand (n.)
向某人施以援手__________
手牵手__________
握手__________
手工制成__________
分发__________ = __________
上交__________
24. touch (v.) →(adj.)__________/__________ →单三__________
25. heart (n.)
失去信心__________ 记住某事物 learn sth. __________ 热心肠的__________
▲ heart and soul 全心全意
Nothing is impossible if you put your heart into it. 世上无难事，只怕有心人。
26. fact (n.) 事实上__________=as a matter of fact
27. break (v.)→ __________ (过去式)→ __________(过去分词) (使)破；裂
违反规则/法律 break the rules/law 打破记录 break the record
break __________ 爆发
break __________ 分解；(汽车等)出故障
break __________ pieces 成为碎片
break (n.)
__________ =take breaks/have breaks 休息
28. arm (n.) 在某人的臂弯里 __________
29. share (v.) 与某人分享某物 __________ 共享单车__________
30. similar (adj.) 与…相似 __________ 在某方面相似 __________
31. primary (adj.) 小学 __________
32. information (n.) 一些消息 __________
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33. theater (n.) 一个电影院__________ = a cinema
fortable (adj.)→比较级__________ 最高级__________→__________ (adj.)令人不舒服
的→ __________ (adv.)舒服地；舒适地
35. screen (n.) 在屏幕上__________
36. close (adj. &v.) 离…近__________ 亲密的朋友__________
37. ticket (n.) ......的票__________
38. worse (adj.& adv.)→ __________(最高级)→ __________ (原级)
更糟的是__________
39. cheaply (adv.)→ __________ (adj.)廉价的；便宜的→__________ (近义词)不昂贵的
40. choose (v.)→________ (n.)选择；挑选→________ (过去式)→________ (过去分词)选择；挑
选
__________ 选择做某事
__________ 从……选择
__________ 别无选择只能做某事
__________ 做选择
41. reporter (v.)→ __________(v.)报道；公布
__________ 据报道
__________ 据信…
__________ 众所周知…
__________ 据说…
42. fresh (adj.) 新鲜空气__________ fresh water 淡水
43. service (n.) →(v.)_________ servant 仆人_
44. pretty (adj. & adv.)→比较级__________ 最高级__________
45. menu (n.) 菜单上__________
46. act (v.)→_________(n.)行动→__________(n.)活动→_________(n.)演员→_________ (n.)女
演员
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动作片__________ 采取行动__________
积极参加__________ 在…中积极__________
47. meal (n.) ▲ Try not to eat between meals. 两餐间尽量别吃东西。
48. creative (adj.)→比较级__________ 最高级__________
→ __________(v.)创 造 ； 创 建 → __________(n.)生 物 ； 创 造 物 → __________(n.)创 造 者 →
__________(n.)创造力→ __________(adv.)有创作力地
创造性思维____________________
49. magician (n.)→ __________(adj.)有魔力的; 有神奇力量的 (n.)魔法; 巫术→金箍棒
__________
magical (adj.) 奇妙的; 有魔力的 Her words had a magical effect on us.
50. beautifully (adv.) → (n.)__________→ (adj.)__________→ beautify (v.) Let’s beautify our
garden.
51. role (n.)→在…起作用__________
52. prize (n.)→赢得奖项__________
53. example (n.)
例如__________ …的例子__________ 给…树榜样 set an example for…
54. poor (adj.)→穷人__________ 身体不好__________
55. seriously (adv.)→被严重污染__________ 病得很重__________
take…seriously
二、重点短语
1.与.....一样__________
2.歌咏比赛 ____________________
3.只要；既然__________
4.使显现；使表现出 __________
____________________ 使（某人）显露其最好的一面
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5.确切地说；事实上；实际上__________= __________ = __________ = __________
6.编造(故事、谎言等）；化妆；弥补；构成 __________
7.在某方面成绩好 __________
8.到目前为止；迄今为止__________ （现在完成时标志）
9.有相同特征；(想法、兴趣等方面）相同__________
10.是……的职责：由..…决定 __________
11.在（做）...中发挥重要作用____________________
三、重点知识回顾与整合
1. both
(1) both 的用法
(adj.) 两...（都）,两个...（都）
__________ __________ __________ were seriously burned. 他的双眼都严重烧伤了。
(pron.) 两者（都）;两个（都）;双方（都）
Why not buy __________ 为什么不把两件都买下？
______ ______ ______ ______ moved even farther away from home. 我两个姐姐都搬得离家更远
了。
(adv.) 并；又；两者皆
We like Amy and Phil __________. 艾米和菲尔两个我们都喜欢。
(conj.) 既；且；和；都
The prospects __________ excited __________ worried me. 这前景既使我激动又令我忧虑。
(2) 区别 both/ either/ neither/ none：
both 两者都
either 两者中任何一个
neither 两者都不
none 三者以上都不
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填空：
①—Which do you like,coffee or tea
—__________ is OK.
②__________ of my parents are teachers. They like teaching.
③__________ of my parents understand English, so they want to learn it.
④__________ of them like Math. Because they think it is difficult.
2. 区别 win/ beat/ lose:
win +(物) 比赛 game/match/competition、奖品/奖牌 prize/medal、战争 war
beat +(人) 对手 sb/ team
lose +(物) lose to +(人)
填空：
I want to __________ a prize.
I want to __________ them.
I __________ to him yesterday.
4. 区别 news/ information/ message:
(1) information：不可数名词，意为“信息；消息”，通常指在阅读、观察、谈话或书信往来中
特别 关注的消息、情报、资料、咨询等。
____________________ 获取一些信息
(2) news：不可数名词，意为“新闻；消息”，是指通过广播、电视、报纸、网络等新闻媒体向
大众 发布的最新消息，侧重“新”。
____________________ 好/坏消息
____________________ 一则新闻
(3) message：可数名词，意为“消息；口信”，一般指口头传递或者书写的消息。
____________________ （为某人）留口信
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单选：
(1) David is my best friend. I'd like to share the good _______ with him.
A. message B. information C. news D. sentence
(2) If you want to know more _______ about the vacation，call me at 899-0432.
A. information B. message C. messages D. news
(3) If I am not in my office when you visit me, you can ask my secretary to take a (an) ________.
A. news B. information C. look D. message
(4) __________ good news! (完成感叹句)
5. give 用法
把某物给某人__________=__________
give __________ 分发
give __________ 放弃
give __________ 发出(气体、热量、气味)
give __________ 捐赠
give __________ 妥协；屈服；投降；让步
填空：
(1) There were people at the entrance ____________________ leaflets(传单).
(2) Did he __________ or keep on trying
(3) I’d like to __________ some old books and magazines to people who want them.
四、重点语法
I. 形容词和副词原级
1. A... + as + 形容词/副词原级 + as + B. A 和 B 一样地……
He is as __________ as his younger sister. 他和他妹妹一样兴奋。
Lily rode her bike as __________ as an old lady. 莉莉骑车像老太太一样慢。
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2. A... not+ as/so + 形容词/副词原级 + as + B … A 不如 B……
He is not so / as excited as his younger sister. 他没他妹妹那么兴奋。
Lily did not ride her bike so / as slowly as an old lady. 莉莉骑车不像老太太那样慢。
3. 倍数表示：倍数＋as＋原级＋as
Cats sleep twice as much as people. 猫的睡眠时间比人长一倍。/猫的睡眠时间是人的两倍。
II. 形容词和副词的比较级和最高级用法
1. 比较级、最高级的规则变化
类别 构成方法 原级 比较级 最高级
单音节词和 部分双音节 词 一般在词尾加 er， est 以不发音的字母 e 结尾的 加 r， st young tall nice large
以重读闭音节结尾且末尾
单音节词和 只有一个辅音字母时，双 写该辅音字母，再加 er， big fat hot
部分双音节 est
以辅音字母加 y 结尾的双 词
happy
音节词，变 y 为 i，再加 easy
early er， est
多音节词和
important
部分双音节 在词前加 more，most careful
interesting 词
2. 比较级、最高级的不规则变化
原级 比较级 最高级
good/well
ill/bad/badly
many/much
little
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far
old
3. 比较级的一般结构
(1) A + be + 形容词比较级 + than + B
A modern train ____________________ a car. 现代的火车比轿车快。
(2) A + 实义动词 + 副词比较级 + than + B
Tom ____________________ Jack. 汤姆比鲍勃跳得更高。
(3) 注意：一种比较级的否定形式
A + 谓语动词 + less+ (多音节形/副)比较级 + than + B + ……
I think English is ____________________ than maths. 我认为英语没数学那么难。
Do you think it ____________________ to learn a foreign language 你认为学外语不那么重
要吗？
4. 在比较级+ than 的结构前可以加上某些副词类和表示倍数的词，以对其进行修饰，如：far
(远), much (许多)，a lot (许多), a little / bit (一点), even (甚至), still (更，还), rather (相当地),
slightly (略微), three times (三倍)等。
A modern train is much __________ than a car. 现代的火车比轿车快多了。
This book costed me a little __________ than that one. 这本书花费我的钱比那本多一点点。
5. “比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越……”。
注意：多音节词和部分双音节词，写成“more and more + adj./adv.”.
The weather is getting ____________________. 天越来越温暖了
My homework is becoming ____________________. 我的家乡越来越美丽了。
6. “the+比较级…, the+比较级…”表示“越……就越……”。
__________ trees we plant, __________ it will be. 我们栽的树越多，情况就会越好。
__________ you try, __________ your progress is. 你越是，进步就越大。
7. “比较级+than+any other+名词（单数）”表示“比其他的任何一个……都……”，用比较级形
式来表达最高级含义。
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He is better than any other student in the class. 他比班里其他任何一个学生都好。
注意：any other 的意思是“任何其他一个”，后接名词单数。
拓展：
①比较级 + than any other + 名词单数： 比其他任何都…（同一范围）
He is taller than __________ in his class. 他比他们们任何一个其他男孩都要高。
②比较级 + than + the other + 可数名词复数：比其余任何都…（同一范围）
He is taller than __________ in his class. 他比他班上的其他学生都高。
③比较级 + than any + 名词单数： 比其他任何都…（不同范围）
Shanghai is larger than __________ in Japan. 上海比日本任何一个城市都大。
8. 比较级的否定表最高级
一些比较级的否定结构能实现最高级的作用。
No one studies harder than him. 没有人学习比他更努力。
9. “the + 比较级 + of the two” 两者中较……（比较级前加 the）
表示两者中较……的，比较级一般要加 the。
Of the two sisters, Betty is __________ one. 两姐妹中，Betty 是更年轻的一个。
10. 最高级一般用法
(1) 最高级的一般构成：主语(sb./sth) + 谓语动词 +(the) +形容词/副词最高级 +in / of ...
The Changjiang River is____________________ in China. (长江是中国最长的河流)
He jumped ____________________ of the three (boys). (三个男生中他跳得最高)
(2) “one of+the+最高级+名词 (复数)”
one of+the+最高级+复数名词+比较范围 ……中最……之一。
Tom is one of ____________________ in his class. Tom 是他班里最高的男孩子之一。
(3)“the+序数词+最高级+单数名词+比较范围” ……中第……最……
The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.黄河是中国第二长的河流。
I. 填空
1.Which do you like __________ (well),apples or oranges
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2.Who is __________ (old),Jim or Tom
3.Jack is running __________ and __________ (fast) .
4.Our country is becoming __________ and ____________________ (beautiful).
5.He is __________ (tall) of the two boys.
II. 单项选择
1. - Let’s buy some cards for our teachers on Teachers’ Day.
- Why not make some by hand It’s much___.
A. interesting B. more interesting C. the most interesting
2. - What a hot day!
- The weather report says it will be even ___ tomorrow.
A. cooler B. hot C. hotter
3. This reading is not ____ that one.
A. as easier as B. so easy than C. as easy as
4. - Remember this, John. ___ careful you are, ____ mistakes you will take.
- Thanks, Miss Rose.
A. The more; the less B. The more; the fewer C. The less; the fewer
5. It is ____ to teach a kid the way to solve a problem than tell him the solution directly(直接地).
A. helpful B. more helpful C. the most helpful
基础知识自测单 第 9 次 八上 Units 3--4
答案：
二、词汇拓展
1. outgoing (adj.)→比较级 more outgoing 最高级 the most outgoing
2. both (adj. & pron.) A 和 B both A and B
3. better (adj.& adv.)→ best (最高级)→ good/well (原级)
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最好做某事 had better do sth.
5. loudly(adv.)→比较级 more loudly 最高级 the most loudly
5. quietly (adv.)→ adj.quiet 保持安静 keep quiet
6. hard-working (adj.)→比较级 more hard-working 最高级 the most hard-working
用下列各词的适当形式填空。
hard-working work hard hard work
Success requires hard work. We must work hard and be hard-working men.
7. competition → compete (v.)竞争；对抗→competitor (n.)参赛者；竞争者→competitive(adj.)有
竞争力的
8. fantastic (adj.) 同义词 excellent/good/great
9. clearly (adv.)→比较级 more clearly 最高级 the most clearly→(adj.) clear
▲ It is clear that … 很显然…
10. win(v.)→won(过去式/过去分词)→ winning(现在分词)获胜→winner(n.)获胜者；优胜者→
lose(反义词)输→loser 输者，败者
11. though (adv. & conj.) = although = even if = even though
16. talented (adj.)→(n.) talent
天才运动员 a talented player
达人秀 talent show
在某方面有天赋的 be talented in=have a talent for…
17. truly(adv.)→true (adj.)真的；符合事实的→truth (n.)事实→ truthful (adj.)诚实的；真实的
18. care(v.)→ careful(adj.)细心的 →carefully(adv.)小心地→careless (adj.)粗心的；不小心的
关心 care about
喜欢；照顾 care for
照顾 take care of = look after = care for
19. laugh (v. & n.)
使某人发笑 make sb. laugh
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嘲笑某人 laugh at sb.
16. serious (adj.)→比较级 more serious 最高级 the most serious → (adv.)seriously
严重的问题 a serious problem 严肃的表情 a serious look
对…认真 be serious about 认真对待 take sth. seriously
17. mirror (n.) →照镜子 look at oneself in the mirror
18. kid (n. &v.)
别开玩笑 No kidding. 你在开玩笑吧？Are you kidding
20. necessary (adj.) →(adv.)necessarily
必要的话, ...... If necessary, ...
对某人来说做某事是必要的。It’s necessary for sb. to do sth.
24. grade (n.)
取得好成绩 get good grades
25. should (modal v.)
should do 同义短语 ought to do/ be supposed to do
26. saying (n.)
常言道，...... As the saying goes, “...”.
27. hand (n.)
向某人施以援手 give sb. a helping hand
手牵手 hand in hand
握手 shake hands
手工制成 by hand
分发 hand out = give out
上交 hand in
24. touch (v.) →(adj.)touched/touching →单三 touches
25. heart (n.)
失去信心 lose heart 记住某事物 learn sth. by heart 热心肠的 warm-hearted
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▲ heart and soul 全心全意
Nothing is impossible if you put your heart into it. 世上无难事，只怕有心人。
28. fact (n.) 事实上 in fact=as a matter of fact
29. break (v.)→ broke (过去式)→ broken(过去分词) (使)破；裂
违反规则/法律 break the rules/law 打破记录 break the record
break out 爆发
break down 分解；(汽车等)出故障
break into pieces 成为碎片
break (n.)
take/have a break =take breaks/have breaks 休息
31. arm (n.) 在某人的臂弯里 in one’s arms
32. share (v.) 与某人分享某物 share sth. with sb. 共享单车 shared bikes
33. similar (adj.) 与…相似 be similar to 在某方面相似 be similar in
31. primary (adj.) 小学 primary school
32. information (n.) 一些消息 some information
33. theater (n.) 一个电影院 a theater
fortable (adj.)→比较级 more comfortable 最高级 the most comfortable→uncomfortable
(adj.)令人不舒服的→ comfortably (adv.)舒服地；舒适地
35. screen (n.) 在屏幕上 on the screen
36. close (adj. &v.) 离…近 be close to 亲密的朋友 close friends
37. ticket (n.) ......的票 a ticket to
38. worse (adj.& adv.)→ worst(最高级)→ bad/ill/badly (原级)
更糟的是 what’s worse
43. cheaply (adv.)→ cheap (adj.)廉价的；便宜的→inexpensive (近义词)不昂贵的
44. choose (v.)→choice (n.)选择；挑选→chose (过去式)→chosen (过去分词)选择；挑选
choose to do 选择做某事
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choose from 从……选择
have no choice but to do 别无选择只能做某事
make a choice/choices 做选择
45. reporter (v.)→ report (v.)报道；公布
It is reported that … 据报道
It is believed that … 据信…
It is known that … 众所周知…
It is said that … 据说…
46. fresh (adj.) 新鲜空气 fresh air fresh water 淡水
56. service (n.) →v.serve
57. pretty (adj. & adv.)→比较级 prettier 最高级 prettiest
58. menu (n.) 菜单上 on the menu
59. act (v.)→action(n.)行动→activity(n.)活动→actor(n.)演员→actress (n.)女演员
动作片 action movie 采取行动 take action
积极参加 take an active part in 在…中积极 be active in
60. meal (n.) ▲ Try not to eat between meals. 两餐间尽量别吃东西。
61. creative (adj.)→比较级 more creative 最高级 the most creative
→create(v.)创造；创建→creature(n.)生物；创造物→creator(n.)创造者→creativity(n.)创造力→
creatively(adv.)有创作力地
创造性思维 creative thinking
62. magician (n.)→ magic(adj.)有魔力的; 有神奇力量的(n.)魔法; 巫术→金箍棒 a magic stick
magical (adj.) 奇妙的; 有魔力的 Her words had a magical effect on us.
63. beautifully (adv.) →(n.)beauty→(adj.)beautiful→beautify (v.) Let’s beautify our garden.
64. role (n.)→在…起作用 play a role in
65. prize (n.)→赢得奖项 win a prize
66. example (n.)
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例如 for example …的例子 the example of 给…树榜样 set an example for…
67. poor (adj.)→穷人 the poor 身体不好 be in poor health
68. seriously (adv.)→被严重污染 be seriously/badly polluted 病 得 很 重 be
seriously/badly ill
69. give (v.)-gave(过去式)-given(过去分词)
二、重点短语
1.与.....一样 as...as
2.歌咏比赛 the singing competition
3.只要；既然 as long as
4.使显现；使表现出 bring out
bring out the best in sb. 使（某人）显露其最好的一面
5.确切地说；事实上；实际上 in fact
= as a matter of fact = actually = in reality
6.编造(故事、谎言等）；化妆；弥补；构成 make up
7.在某方面成绩好 have/get good grades in...
8.到目前为止；迄今为止 so far （现在完成时标志）
9.有相同特征；(想法、兴趣等方面）相同 have...in common
10.是……的职责：由..…决定 be up to sb.
11.在（做）...中发挥重要作用 play an important role/part in (doing)
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