专题12 完形填空说明文命题规律探究
目录
题型综述 1
解题攻略 3
五大方法速判句内层次题 3
四种方法智取句组层次题 5
三种方法突破语篇层次题 8
中考练场 15
【题型解读】
中考完形填空说明文是一种以说明为主要表达方式的文章体裁。它通过对实体事物科学的解说，对客观事物做出说明或对抽象的阐释，使人们对事物的形态、构造、性质、种类、成因、功能，关系或对事理的概念、特点、演变、异同等科学地认识，从而获得有关的知识。利用说明文的基本特征，对解题有所帮助！
1. 利用说明文的首句查找说明主体
2. 把握说明文的两种结构模式
(1)总分式。包括＂总—分＂＂分—总＂＂总—分—总＂等具体形式。
(2)递进式。事理说明文多用递进式结构，一层一层地剖析事理。具体包括：空间顺序——从上到下、从外到内、从左到右、从南到北、从远到近、从中间到四周、从整体到部分；时间顺序——按照时间先后顺序来安排，事物都有发生、发展、消亡的过程；逻辑顺序——有些说明文主要是剖析事理的，在说明时就按照事理的逻辑关系进行安排，或者从主到次、从浅到深、从原因到结果，具有严密的条理性。
完形填空题以考查实词为主，主要包括名词、动词、形容词、副词及相关短语。从近几年中考试题来看，完形填空越来越强调对上下文以及通篇文章的理解
【命题规律】
1.句内层次题：解题信息分布在本句内部，瞻前顾后，左顾右盼，边读边填。
2.句组层次题：解题信息分布在设空处前后的一组句子中，瞻前顾后寻找暗示。
3.语篇层次题：解题信息分布在语篇的某一处甚至全篇，需要综合推断。
【解题策略】
1.语义优先于语法原则
文章的开头部分尤其是第一句话不设空格，它起到的作用是对所选短文的题材和可能涉及的内容作简单的介绍或提示，并且单纯的语法题已从该题型中逐渐消失。如果一味按照语法规则来选择答案，就必定陷入了答题误区。
2.词内选项句内找原则
四个选择项要么都是词义相近的名词单数或复数，要么都是近义动词的同一时态等，只能根据上下文的语境作出正确的选择。如果提供的四个选择项词义相差悬殊，则上文或下文肯定有答题提示，有时第一个空格要读完全文才能回答。
【应试技巧】
1.快速弄清文章大意
对于此类文章我们结合选择项，进行粗读或略读,对文章的大意要先有一个大体的了解。说明文往往生词较多，而题材又比较广泛，所以阅读时，首先要能够掌握文章的大意。
2.弄清楚说明的顺序
把握了说明顺序，就能准确把握文章的脉络，加强对整篇文章的理解。
3.把握文章的组织结构，理清事实细节
把握语篇特征对理解文意与答题极为有利。说明性的文章一般都是一篇完整的、意思表达清楚的、逻辑比较严密的短文。在阅读这类文章时，我们一定要仔细研读文章的开头和结尾，从主题句着手，找出支持句，然后寻找文章的结论。这时，我们还要特别注意，不要被表面的一些细节所迷惑，我们在理解细节的基础上，还要斟酌文字的内涵意义，从而对文章进行深层次的理解。
4.注重上下文语境
应逐句精读短文，逐题分析选项，对特定的语境作深入的理解，克服"思维定势"，根据全文大意和词不离句、句不离文的原则逐项填空。
5.熟练做题方法，遵循四个原则:
(1)上下一致。每个选择项必须从全文出发，从大处着手，避免孤立地分析每一空格，造成误选。
(2)语法正确。从语法地角度去考虑动词的时态、语态以及词类用法。
(3) 逻辑合理。在完形填空题中，逻辑推理非常重要，有时每个选择项从语法上讲都正确，但是有的是不合语境逻辑的。
(4)符合搭配。英语中固定搭配很多，需要熟练掌握，才能做好此类题目。
【考点诠释】
五大方法速判句内层次题
解题信息分布在本句内，在读懂文章的前提下，利用本句的一些解题信息就可直接做答。对于此类题目，可边读边填，将原文信息尽量复原。
利用习惯搭配及固定结构解题
完形填空中经常会考查一些固定结构、固定句式，这时就需要运用习惯搭配及固定结构来解题。这个技巧主要指惯用搭配，讲究词与词的搭配，涉及到关联词、动词、副词、形容词、名词和短语等。
[示例] I then made it a point to __55__ those meetings and learn all I could.
A．chair B．sponsor C．attend D．organize
利用生活常识和文化背景解题
完形填空的语篇中往往渗透着诸如文化科学、历史地理、风俗民情等方面的知识。在做题时，若能积极地调动自己的文化背景知识和生活常识，巧妙地加以运用，特别是注意中西文化的差异，将会大大简化复杂的分析与判断过程，节省宝贵的时间，顺利地沿作者的思路阅读下去。
[示例] Just last year, I was 56.conducting a workshop when someone knocked at the classroom door. A woman __57__ the interruption and handed me an envelope.
57．A.regretted B．avoided C．excused D．ignored
3．利用对应成分分析法解题
完形填空文章的上下文之间以及句子内部之间往往有着一定的逻辑关系，它使句子的各个成分之间形成一定的对应关系。考生可以根据这种逻辑关系找出与未知填空相对应的已知成分，将它作为线索，通过它推断出未知填空的答案。
[示例]To __51__ the amount of rubbish and to protect the 52.environment，more governments are requiring people to recycle materials.
51．A.show B．record C．decrease D．measure
[示例] A pupil who can do his homework in a quiet and 59 room is in a much better position than a pupil who does his homework in a small, noisy room with the television on.
A. furnished B. expensive C. comfortable D. suitable
4.利用逻辑关系解题
此方法是通过分析未知填空前后文与已知信息之间的逻辑关系来确定答案，主要应用于完形填空的两类题型：一是考查连接词和起连接词作用的短语，二是考查上下文的逻辑关系。
[示例] We went 10 1 and I was named most valuable player, __28__I often had crazy dreams in which I was to blame for Miller’s 29.accident．
28．A.and B．then C．but D．thus
[示例]... got me rock-bottom prices on airfares, cars, and hotels. But her cold voice really 28 me.
28. A. annoyed B. interested C. discouraged D. confused
利用语境暗示分析法解题
上下文语境具体体现为：全文的中心主线和主题、作者的态度倾向和评价、上下文语篇衔接、句际和段际关系。在句内层次中，我们通常可以通过上下文语境，即根据已知信息，推导出正确答案。
[示例] The 38.trip is scheduled to start on December 21 in New York City and continue on to Milan, Prague, Paris, Bangkok and New Delhi before __39__ in Toronto on January 8.
39．A.ending B．calling C．repeating D．staying
[示例] When you revise, you change aspects of your work in 54 to your evolving purpose, or to include 55 ideas or newly discovered information.
55. A. fixed B. ambitious C. familiar D. fresh
四种方法智取句组层次题
比句内层次题稍难一级的题目，其解题信息分布在空格前后的一组意群之中，解题时需前瞻后顾，综合意群信息解答。即：本句信息不足填，空格前后再找信息源。
1．利用语义复现解题
复现是一种语义衔接手段，它通过原词、同义词或近义词、反义词、上义词、下义词、同源词或同根词等重复出现来表达某一概念，使整篇文章上下连贯，有机地衔接在一起。因此，考生可根据文章的具体情况，理解文章的结构和语境，利用文章中的复现现象来选择正确的答案。
[示例] While high school does not generally encourage students to explore new aspects of life，college sets the stage for that exploration. I myself went through this __41__ process and found something that has changed my 42.experience at college for the better：I discovered ASL—American Sign Language(美式手语)．
41．A.searching B．planning C．natural D．formal
[示例] Good manners at mealtimes help you and those around you to feel 49 . This is true at home as much as it is true in someone else’s home or in a restaurant. Good 50 make meals more enjoyable for everyone at the table.
50.A. dishes B. manners C. atmospheres D. friends
[示例] This is what happens on long submarine（潜水艇） voyages. It will also happen on 47 space flights in the future. Will there be special problems of adjustment under such conditions
47．A.long B.fast C.dangerous D.direct
[示例] Many firms already claim to be “customer-driven” or “consumer-centered”. Now their 62 will be tested as never before.
62.A. information B. investment C. claims D. shops
利用作者态度或感彩关联解题
在完形填空文章中，我们一定要在快速阅读文章的过程中，仔细找出能够反映作者态度和感彩的重要词汇，它们往往是名词、形容词、副词或动词。这些词汇通常是我们做题时重要的参照线索，可以帮助我们快速确定某些题目的正确答案或根据作者对人物或事情的褒贬性排除干扰做出正确的选择。
【示例】Good manners at mealtimes help you and those around you to feel 49. This is true at home as much as it is true in someone else’s home or in a restaurant.
49. A. comfortable B. stressed C. depressed D. outstanding
【示例】The law of over learning explains why cramming (突击学习) for an examination, 62(though) it may result in a passing grade, is not a 63 way to learn a school course.
63. A. convenient B. demanding C. satisfactory D. swift
[示例] When men are held up together for a long period, they begin to feel uneasy. Everyone has little habits of speaking and behaving that are ordinarily acceptable. In the limited space over a long period of time, however, these little habits may become very 50 .
50．A．pleasing B．annoying C．common D．valuable
3．利用逻辑关系解题
在句组层次题中，利用逻辑关系解题同样是一种重要的方法。完形填空中的每一个空格并非孤立存在的，命题者必须通过上下文体现出某种线索来保证空格所填答案的唯一性，而这一线索即是上下文乃至贯穿全文的逻辑关系，若在解题时忽视这一点，则无异于只见树木，不见森林。文章的逻辑关系不外乎有列举、因果、让步、对照、递进、目的、条件等，命题者往往借助于连词或介词短语来设置选项，因此在平时学习时就应该分清并牢记相关连词及介词短语所表示的逻辑关系。
[示例] Are your table manners much better when you are eating at a friend’s home or in a restaurant than they are at your own home Probably so, 45 you are aware that people judge you by your table manners.
45. A. because B. but C. unless D. though
[示例] A pupil who can do his homework in a quiet and 59 room is in a much better position than a pupil who does his homework in a small, noisy room with the television on.
59. A. furnished B. expensive C. comfortable D. suitable
4．利用语境暗示分析法解题
在句组层次中，有些题目我们往往也需要通过上下文语境，即根据已知信息，推导出正确答案。
[示例] During the war,my husband was stationed at an army camp in a desert in California.I went to live there...... My husband was ordered out on a long-term duty,and I was left in a tiny shack(棚屋) alone...... 24 a soul to talk to . The wind blew non-stop ,and all the food I ate ,and the evry air I breathed,were 25 with sand , sand , sand !
24. A. Only B. Not C. Many D.Such
三种方法突破语篇层次题
语篇层次题要求考生理解整篇文章，抓住全文的脉络、作者的思想、意图或主人公的心理，然后进行准确的推理、判断，从而做出正确的选择。这类题难度较大，一篇完形填空中，大约有2～3道此类题。
不急于解答，读完全文后综合思维再做判定。语篇层次题的解答必须立足于整个语篇，因此在解题时对这类题目不能急于解答，要跨越段落，顺藤摸瓜，仔细比对，最终得出答案。具体来说，可以利用以下3种方法解答此类题目。
利用语义复现解题
由于完形填空的文章是一个意义相关联的语篇，它往往要围绕一个话题论述，因此行文中词语的重复、替代或同现的现象是不可避免的，即某一词常常以原词、同义词或近义词以及其它形式重复出现在语篇之中。词汇复现的语用意义使得语篇中的句子相互衔接和连贯，从而构成一个完整和有机的意义整体。根据这一原则，某一个空格所对应的答案很可能就是在上下文中复现的相关词，考生可以这些词之间的有机联系来决定答案。
[示例] In 2012, I had just recovered from a serious illness when I received an invitation to a writer's conference in Orlando, Florida. My family persuaded me that a(n) 36 might be just what the doctor ordered, so off I 37 went .
36. A.holiday B.ceremony C.operation D.experiment
....
I' ll never forget that wonderful lady who, through her 55 kindness , filled my brief holiday in Florida with wonderful memories.
利用总分结构或对比结构分析法解题
完形填空往往采用总分对照结构，总述是对分述的总结和概括，而分述是对总述的展开和详述，两者之间有着明确的相互支撑、相互印证的对照关系。总分对照结构可以为我们提供重要的解题线索。
对比结构常把两种对立的事物或同一事物的两个不同方面并列出来加以比较或对比。高考完形填空题常常利用句子之间的对比关系或者同一个句子的不同部分之间的对比关系设计题目。对比结构可以为我们提供重要的解题线索。
[示例] He had always been interested in medicine and had read a book, which discussed the idea of how body chemistry and health can be damaged by emotional stress and negative __47__. The book made Cousins think about the possible __48__ of positive attitudes and emotions.
47. A. attitudes B. beliefs C. goals D. positions
48. A. shortcoming B. harm C. benefit D. interest
[示例] Be someone else! Look at the situation from a __62__ point of view. Good businessmen use this technique in trade, and so do writers. Fiction writers often imagine they are the __63__ in their books. They ask questions: What does this character want Why can’t she get it What changes must she make to get what she wants If your goal involves other people, put yourself in their __64__. The best fishermen think like fish!
A. private B. global C. different D. practical
利用逻辑关系解题
在语篇层次题中，利用逻辑关系也是一种重要解题方法。完形填空中的每一个空格并非孤立存在的，命题者必须通过上下文体现出某种线索来保证空格所填答案的唯一性，而这一线索即是上下文乃至贯穿全文的逻辑关系，若在解题时忽视这一点，则无异于只见树木，不见森林。文章的逻辑关系不外乎有列举、因果、让步、对照、递进、目的、条件等，命题者往往借助于连词或介词短语来设置选项，因此在平时学习时就应该分清并牢记相关连词及介词短语所表示的逻辑关系。
[示例] Revision is not just an afterthought that gets only as much time as you have at the end of an assignment. 56 , it is a major stage of the writing process, and writers revise every step of the way.
56. A. However B. Moreover C. Instead D. Therefore
【典题举隅】
（2024·江苏南京·二模）
The other day our English teacher asked us to read an article in the textbook called “Stonehenge—Can Anyone Explain Why It Is There ” While reading, I couldn’t stop thinking of my 71 of Stonehenge last summer when my family went to the UK. It is one of the most wonderful experiences I’ve ever had.
Stonehenge is a 72 stone group made up of a large number of heavy stones. It is said that they were put together almost 5,000 years ago. It took us about two hours to get there from London by bus.
When we 73 there at about 10 a.m., visitors of all ages had already begun their trips. I could not wait to join them. Some men 74 uniforms guided us to walk along the paths around the large stone monuments (石碑). Walking along them, I felt like stepping back 5,000 years. I 75 each stone might weigh several tons. Looking at them in amazement, I wanted to know how ancient people could make those large stones stand without the help of modern 76 . Questions came into my mind: Why did they build Stonehenge How long did it take them to build it I could not 77 how many people worked together to build these monuments. The true purpose of building Stonehenge may remain a mystery. But its 78 to attract and encourage people has lasted for thousands of years. Without great teamwork, Stonehenge would never have been built.
As we stopped to take pictures, I saw a blonde girl 79 the stone monuments. She was getting inspiration (灵感) from them for her artwork.
Stonehenge is a very great place that has amazed people from all over the world for 80 . If you ever get the chance to visit England, take the time to see the great stone monuments for yourself.
71．A．task B．tour C．treat D．trade
72．A．tiny B．huge C．usual D．slight
73．A．left B．moved C．waited D．arrived
74．A．in B．on C．at D．with
75．A．guessed B．counted C．decided D．wondered
76．A．medicine B．education C．technology D．agriculture
77．A．doubt B．agree C．imagine D．manage
78．A．power B．pride C．progress D．problem
79．A．hearing B．writing C．drawing D．introducing
80．A．days B．weeks C．months D．centuries
（2024·江苏苏州·二模）请认真阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A Taste of Finnish Culture
Some students came to Finland to study at Helsinki University. They are sitting in a city cafe after one of their classes.
Kirsten: Talking about Finns and Finland, what do you guys think about living here 91
Edwina: I must tell you guys that I was quite pleasantly surprised at the weather when I first arrived here in the middle of 92 . The temperature was minus 15. I thought I was going to die! But I don’t freeze 93 in Finland, because all the buildings are so well heated. I freeze more in Scotland than I do here.
Vishal: True. And the summertime is lovely, though. Another thing I really like about living in Finland is that it’s really 94 , at least compared to Mumbai! One day, when I was walking home, I dropped my wallet. When I noticed this, I thought it would be stolen for sure. But I found that someone had put my wallet on top of a bench so that I would find it more easily. The most surprising thing was that 95 had been taken from it!
Kirsten: That’s pretty 96 . It always makes me smile to see all the lost things.
Edwina: People here 97 a lot. For example, almost no one crosses the road when the light is red, even if there are no cars coming.
Kirsten: You’re right! I remember I once crossed the road when the light was red. People waiting on the other side looked at me in a very annoyed way. That made me decide 98 to do it again!
Vishal: That’s funny! In India, people don’t do that!
Joseph: Well, another thing that can be funny is Finnish food. One day, soon after getting to Finland, I felt like having something sweet. I went into the comer shop and I saw that there were freshly baked doughnuts on the bread counter. “Excellent!” I thought, and I chose a big doughnut to sink my teeth into. But imagine my 99 when I discovered that it was filled with meat!
Edwina: Oh yes. I think the meat filling is actually quite nice but not when you are 100 jam!
91．A．at first B．so far C．now and then D．for the time
92．A．spring B．summer C．autumn D．winter
93．A．indoors B．outdoors C．immediately D．completely
94．A．smart B．quiet C．safe D．clean
95．A．everything B．anything C．nothing D．something
96．A．crazy B．proper C．attractive D．amazing
97．A．ride bicycles B．complain about drivers C．follow rules D．argue about laws
98．A．always B．often C．seldom D．never
99．A．horror B．joy C．worry D．excitement
100．A．tasting B．expecting C．touching D．spreading
Passage 1
（2025·江苏镇江·一模）
The beginning of Spring, Lichun, the first of China’s 24 solar terms, marks the start of the spring season. The term “Li” means beginning, while “Chun” 1 warmth and growth. In the 2 Chinese calendar system, Lichun stands for the arrival of spring and the start of a new 3 . It often falls between February 3rd and 5th in the Gregorian calendar (公历) 4 the sun reaches the celestial longitude (经度) of 315 degrees. This solar term 5 the end of cold winter and the gradual transition (过渡) to warmer days in nature. Chinese farmers celebrate the beginning of Spring with special 6 . On that day, villagers usually hold ceremonies to welcome the spring. Villagers usually make a clay sculpture of a cow, which people call “spring cow”. Women take their children to go 7 the cow for three times. It’s said that in this way the children can be kept away from 8 . The tradition of 9 special snacks on that day is called “yaochun” in Chinese. It means “biting the spring”. People will wrap (包裹) some vegetables with thin pancakes. There is a long history of eating them on the beginning of Spring. 10 Lichun, people go outdoors to hug the blossoming season, a tradition known as “exploring spring” or “spring outings”.
1．A．reminds B．represents C．requires D．rhymes
2．A．interesting B．serious C．traditional D．world-famous
3．A．cycle B．plan C．period D．spirit
4．A．while B．what C．when D．where
5．A．greets B．shapes C．provides D．marks
6．A．causes B．events C．fights D．songs
7．A．against B．across C．along D．around
8．A．diseases B．exercises C．housework D．schoolwork
9．A．smelling B．noticing C．eating D．touching
10．A．Following B．Meeting C．Protecting D．Showing
Passage 2
（2024·江苏苏州·二模）请认真阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
In the 1960s, a musical group composed a popular song called Monday: “Every other day of the week is fine. But whenever Monday comes, you can find me crying all of the time.” When talking about days of the week, Monday gets 11 expectation. I surveyed friends, and the 12 were very clear. When asking which day of the week they liked the least, 90 percent of them chose Monday. I disagree with them all. I think Monday is actually the best day of the week.
13 , consider all the good things that happen on Mondays. For example, quite a few public holidays are celebrated on Mondays. Then Monday is the best day to do shopping because there aren’t so many people shopping. Experts say that you can also get the best online deals on Mondays. This is 14 true for electronics, such as computers, TVs, and video games.
To me, however, there’s something even more important about Mondays. Each Monday 15 a new beginning. For example, last week I got behind on my homework and had to give up going to a movie with my friends on the weekend. But 16 Monday arrived, I could start all over again.
I also love Mondays because we usually start new lessons at school at the beginning of the week. While last week’s topics may be 17 , Monday can bring a new book to read, or math problems to solve. Besides, I always become full of energy on Mondays after getting enough sleep at weekends.
I realize that I am probably not going to make everyone believe that Monday is the best day of the week, but hopefully I can 18 a few people to change. The next time a Monday comes, think about all the good things that could happen and look forward to the day instead of 19 it.
There’s no way to 20 Mondays, so join me in making the best of them. Who knows You might even start liking the first day of the workweek.
11．A．much B．some C．little D．any
12．A．results B．reasons C．problems D．changes
13．A．In all B．After all C．First of all D．At all
14．A．specially B．especially C．probably D．terribly
15．A．expresses B．presents C．confirms D．represents
16．A．as well as B．as soon as C．as good as D．as far as
17．A．boring B．interesting C．surprising D．exciting
18．A．force B．order C．allow D．encourage
19．A．enjoying B．fearing C．accepting D．facing
20．A．avoid B．receive C．prove D．reduce
Passage 3
（2024·江苏南京·三模）阅读下面短文，从短文后所给各题的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
The Silk Road is known to all Chinese. It was an ancient trade way that connected China to other countries. Along this way, many products were traded, 21 spices, silk and food. One of the most important activities of this road was the exchange of currency (货币交换).
When people from different places met along the Silk Road, they had to exchange their currencies 22 do the business. However, this was not always 23 , as the value of different currencies is greatly different.
Many places had their own currency 24 and marks, which show their cultural history. For example, the Chinese used coins with a square hole in the middle, 25 the Persians used coins with marks of their rulers. Currency exchange also led to the development of new technologies. For example, the Chinese 26 paper money. It was more convenient (便利的) to carry than 27 coins. This creation completely changed the way people did the 28 and made for modern banking development.
Today, the Silk Road is no longer in use, but it has a great 29 on our life. By studying the currency culture on the Silk Road, you can get a better understanding of the world and the importance of 30 exchanges. If you have a chance to experience it in person, don’t miss it.
21．A．include B．includes C．including D．included
22．A．because of B．in order to C．instead of D．according to
23．A．easy B．difficult C．cheap D．expensive
24．A．colors B．sizes C．weights D．rules
25．A．while B．though C．until D．unless
26．A．chose B．invented C．brought D．left
27．A．smooth B．rough C．light D．heavy
28．A．project B．business C．shopping D．research
29．A．difficulty B．difference C．influence D．decision
30．A．medical B．local C．natural D．cultural
Passage 4
（2024·江苏镇江·二模）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择最佳选项。
I don’t believe in luck, but I seemed to have a lot of the bad kind lately. Last week my washing machine broke. It just wouldn’t wash clothes. I hadn’t had it that long. Like anyone else these days I tried to 31 if I could fix it, but soon realized the repairs would cost more than a new machine would. Then this week my daughter’s washing machine broke. It was an older and 32 one so once again I tried to fix it myself and even called my friend who was good at household repairs to take a look at it. Once again, however, it was too badly 33 to be repaired. I ended up having to 34 two new washing machines.
My 35 traveled back to my childhood. I saw my granny 36 her washing machine. I foolishly tried to help and hurt my fingers. I still remember the 37 now.
When the washing was done, granny would often pat (拍打) the machine 38 before she took the clothes outside. She grew up handwashing clothes and was 39 the machine that did so much of the work for her.
The good old days had their share of struggles (奋斗) and joys and so do the good new days. What matters is how we live them and 40 we learn from them.
31．A．look out B．find out C．break out D．come out
32．A．better B．nicer C．smarter D．simpler
33．A．dangerous B．broken C．easy D．tidy
34．A．send B．share C．order D．build
35．A．mind B．plan C．interest D．training
36．A．breaking B．buying C．selling D．repairing
37．A．peace B．pain C．joy D．fear
38．A．sadly B．completely C．happily D．widely
39．A．thankful for B．hopeful about C．worried about D．afraid of
40．A．where B．what C．which D．when
Passage 5
（2024·江苏镇江·二模）
Milk tea is a yummy drink. It is 41 by most people all over the world, especially the young. “The first cup of milk tea in Autumn” is very popular on the Internet in China.
There are so many milk tea shops around every street. People have different 42 according to their tastes. There is bubble milk tea, house milk tea and iced milk tea. But it is also a good idea to make a cup of milk tea 43 at home. Today DIY is very popular with young people. It can give people real 44 in doing something and they can express their own ideas by DIY.
Here are some steps to make iced milk tea. First, prepare things you need. They are milk, black tea, sugar or honey, and some ice. Then, boil the black tea 45 the water turns light brown. The color of light brown means the tea is 46 . Add a quarter or half cup of ice, and then it will 47 melt (融化) and bring the tea down to a room temperature. Next, pour the milk into the tea, and mix them up. After that, add sugar or honey to make the taste 48 . Most people prefer half sugar or low sugar. Remember not to add too much. Generally, milk tea is cooled in a fridge. If you want to drink iced tea without 49 , you’ll need to add more ice. Finally, it’s great to add 50 you like, such as puddings, fruits and so on.
Sharing will double happiness. Let’s enjoy the delicious milk tea with our friends or family members.
41．A．compared B．discovered C．enjoyed D．introduced
42．A．activities B．choices C．prices D．reasons
43．A．by accident B．by hand C．by heart D．by machine
44．A．experience B．courage C．business D．treasure
45．A．after B．since C．until D．while
46．A．shiny B．healthy C．ready D．tasty
47．A．hardly B．probably C．widely D．slowly
48．A．better B．fresher C．softer D．worse
49．A．leaving B．moving C．thinking D．waiting
50．A．whatever B．whenever C．wherever D．however
Passage 6
（2024·江苏南京·二模）
As a kid, I often suffered from nosebleeds. My parents had some knowledge of traditional Chinese medicine, and they said this was caused by my love for 51 fruits. Lychees, my favorite, had given me “too much heat”, 52 it didn’t stop me from eating them by the dozens. After we moved from China to Canada, lychees became 53 to find. Whenever we drove to Montreal’s Chinatown to shop, I would scan all the fruit markets for my red jewels.
As I’ve grown older, my love for unusual fruits has only become 54 . Trying these fruits widens my horizons. Just when I thought I had met every pleasant fruity smell in the world, the lulo 55 at my favorite fruit shop. I bought a couple to make desserts. Its 56 left me wide-eyed. The strong, sweet scent made my whole kitchen smell nice for days. It was such a rare smell that I’d rather believe it was picked from a food scientist’s imagination than accept that this fruit just happened to 57 in some people’s backyards.
I try most fruits, only a couple of times because I always love newer things. But there is one I keep 58 to: the soursop. When it is ripe, it tastes wonderful—it’s hard to describe, somewhat like a combination of orange, banana, pineapple, strawberry and papaya. Wait just one more day, though, and it starts to brown, giving off a(an) 59 smell. This rapid decaying (腐烂的) process is only another 60 that time and tide wait for no man. So don’t let our sweetest days go to waste. “Taste” the joys around us as they come along.
51．A．amazing B．unusual C．colorful D．delicious
52．A．so B．and C．but D．because
53．A．unable B．popular C．free D．hard
54．A．stronger B．bigger C．weaker D．thinner
55．A．fell B．appeared C．lay D．remained
56．A．shape B．taste C．warmth D．price
57．A．leave B．cover C．pick D．grow
58．A．returning B．learning C．hurrying D．smiling
59．A．different B．further C．attractive D．terrible
60．A．accident B．beginning C．challenge D．reminder
Passage 7
（2024·江苏南京·二模）I do believe that everyone is given a chance in life. My son, Gary, was given his chance with cooking.
We ran a small restaurant and lived over it. From a very early age, Gary would come down and talk to our customers. It has 61 a good start in his life. By the age of ten, Gary was in the 62 every weekend, so he always made some pocket money. He also had a lot of self-discipline (自律). He used to 63 even before me in the morning. If you run a family business, it was nice to see him helping out.
Gary wasn’t so good at schoolwork, but he 64 so much in the kitchen. By the age of 15, he was 65 any of the cooks working there, and sometimes he was even left in charge of (负责) the kitchen. He would produce over a hundred meals, and from then on I knew he would go into catering (餐饮业) because he had that talent. So when he came to me and said, “Dad, I’m required to complete work 66 as part of my course at school.” I sent him to a friend of mine who has got a restaurant. I believe he could learn more outside.
Recently Gary became interested in playing the drums and now he has his own band. Who knows what will happen to the cooking 67 the music takes off My advice to Gary would be: if you start hunting two rabbits, you end up catching 68 so hunt the rabbit you know you’re going to catch. He understood when I said to him, “Gary, if you’re going to get anywhere in life, you’ve got to do it by the age of 30. If you haven’t done it by then, it’s too 69 . ”
None of us can believe that Gary’s TV cookery series has become such a great success.
I’m really 70 him. I’ve always tried to tell him that if you want something, you’ve got to work hard for it, because nobody gives you anything. He has seen the chance he has been given and caught hold of it with both hands.
61．A．allowed B．promised C．chosen D．marked
62．A．hall B．kitchen C．shop D．garden
63．A．tidy up B．stay up C．get up D．hurry up
64．A．shone B．acted C．cared D．changed
65．A．as careful as B．as patient as C．as friendly as D．as good as
66．A．background B．achievement C．experience D．knowledge
67．A．unless B．if C．while D．since
68．A．neither B．none C．both D．either
69．A．boring B．late C．helpless D．silly
70．A．proud of B．crazy about C．strict with D．interested in
Passage 8
（2024·江苏南京·二模）
Do you know that there are twelve Chinese zodiac sign, each one represented by an animal Each one of the twelve animals has their own characteristics and attributes, and each year is represented by a 81 animal. For example, 1990 was the year of the Horse, 82 2010 was the year of the Tiger. In Chinese culture, some people believe that a person’s success, personality and marriage are based on the animal of the year in which they were born.
However, the origin of the zodiac signs is based on a legend. Long ago, the Jade Emperor wanted to 83 twelve animals to be his guards. So, all animals on Earth were ordered to take part in a 84 race. The first twelve animals to swim across the fast river would be the winners of the race, and therefore would have a year of the zodiac specially given to 85 .
The Rat came first because he jumped on the back of the Ox to cross the river, and then suddenly jumped down from the Ox and ran to the Emperor’s feet to win first place. As Tiger and Rabbit are both fast and competitive, they both raced to the finish line, with Tiger being faster. Dragons are naturally eye-catching, so the Emperor immediately noticed it, who said his son could be sixth. Immediately after, Snake said Dragon was his adopted father, so he came 86 . Then, as Horse and Goat were both 87 and kind to one another, they let each other go first, so they came seventh and eighth. The ninth animal to finish the race was Monkey, as he jumped between trees and stones to catch up with the other animals after falling behind. Finally, the last three animals to finish the race were the Rooster, Dog and Pig.
Some people wonder 88 the cat isn’t one of the twelve Chinese zodiac animals, and many people believe that the Cat joined the Rat in jumping on the Ox’s back to cross the river, but the Rat pushed it into the water, so it was washed away and didn’t 89 the Emperor in time to get a ranking. No wonder cats and rats are always 90 in our daily lives.
The story is well-known in Chinese culture, and although it’s made up, it’s definitely interesting to learn about and tell your friends and family about!
81．A．clever B．similar C．different D．strong
82．A．or B．so C．while D．after
83．A．raise B．choose C．catch D．hunt
84．A．swimming B．climbing C．jumping D．jogging
85．A．us B．it C．him D．them
86．A．fifth B．sixth C．seventh D．tenth
87．A．wise B．equal C．similar D．modest
88．A．if B．why C．whether D．that
89．A．reach B．thank C．catch D．notice
90．A．runners B．friends C．players D．enemies
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)专题12 完形填空说明文命题规律探究
目录
题型综述 1
解题攻略 3
五大方法速判句内层次题 3
四种方法智取句组层次题 5
三种方法突破语篇层次题 8
中考练场 15
【题型解读】
中考完形填空说明文是一种以说明为主要表达方式的文章体裁。它通过对实体事物科学的解说，对客观事物做出说明或对抽象的阐释，使人们对事物的形态、构造、性质、种类、成因、功能，关系或对事理的概念、特点、演变、异同等科学地认识，从而获得有关的知识。利用说明文的基本特征，对解题有所帮助！
1. 利用说明文的首句查找说明主体
2. 把握说明文的两种结构模式
(1)总分式。包括＂总—分＂＂分—总＂＂总—分—总＂等具体形式。
(2)递进式。事理说明文多用递进式结构，一层一层地剖析事理。具体包括：空间顺序——从上到下、从外到内、从左到右、从南到北、从远到近、从中间到四周、从整体到部分；时间顺序——按照时间先后顺序来安排，事物都有发生、发展、消亡的过程；逻辑顺序——有些说明文主要是剖析事理的，在说明时就按照事理的逻辑关系进行安排，或者从主到次、从浅到深、从原因到结果，具有严密的条理性。
完形填空题以考查实词为主，主要包括名词、动词、形容词、副词及相关短语。从近几年中考试题来看，完形填空越来越强调对上下文以及通篇文章的理解
【命题规律】
1.句内层次题：解题信息分布在本句内部，瞻前顾后，左顾右盼，边读边填。
2.句组层次题：解题信息分布在设空处前后的一组句子中，瞻前顾后寻找暗示。
3.语篇层次题：解题信息分布在语篇的某一处甚至全篇，需要综合推断。
【解题策略】
1.语义优先于语法原则
文章的开头部分尤其是第一句话不设空格，它起到的作用是对所选短文的题材和可能涉及的内容作简单的介绍或提示，并且单纯的语法题已从该题型中逐渐消失。如果一味按照语法规则来选择答案，就必定陷入了答题误区。
2.词内选项句内找原则
四个选择项要么都是词义相近的名词单数或复数，要么都是近义动词的同一时态等，只能根据上下文的语境作出正确的选择。如果提供的四个选择项词义相差悬殊，则上文或下文肯定有答题提示，有时第一个空格要读完全文才能回答。
【应试技巧】
1.快速弄清文章大意
对于此类文章我们结合选择项，进行粗读或略读,对文章的大意要先有一个大体的了解。说明文往往生词较多，而题材又比较广泛，所以阅读时，首先要能够掌握文章的大意。
2.弄清楚说明的顺序
把握了说明顺序，就能准确把握文章的脉络，加强对整篇文章的理解。
3.把握文章的组织结构，理清事实细节
把握语篇特征对理解文意与答题极为有利。说明性的文章一般都是一篇完整的、意思表达清楚的、逻辑比较严密的短文。在阅读这类文章时，我们一定要仔细研读文章的开头和结尾，从主题句着手，找出支持句，然后寻找文章的结论。这时，我们还要特别注意，不要被表面的一些细节所迷惑，我们在理解细节的基础上，还要斟酌文字的内涵意义，从而对文章进行深层次的理解。
4.注重上下文语境
应逐句精读短文，逐题分析选项，对特定的语境作深入的理解，克服"思维定势"，根据全文大意和词不离句、句不离文的原则逐项填空。
5.熟练做题方法，遵循四个原则:
(1)上下一致。每个选择项必须从全文出发，从大处着手，避免孤立地分析每一空格，造成误选。
(2)语法正确。从语法地角度去考虑动词的时态、语态以及词类用法。
(3) 逻辑合理。在完形填空题中，逻辑推理非常重要，有时每个选择项从语法上讲都正确，但是有的是不合语境逻辑的。
(4)符合搭配。英语中固定搭配很多，需要熟练掌握，才能做好此类题目。
【考点诠释】
五大方法速判句内层次题
解题信息分布在本句内，在读懂文章的前提下，利用本句的一些解题信息就可直接做答。对于此类题目，可边读边填，将原文信息尽量复原。
利用习惯搭配及固定结构解题
完形填空中经常会考查一些固定结构、固定句式，这时就需要运用习惯搭配及固定结构来解题。这个技巧主要指惯用搭配，讲究词与词的搭配，涉及到关联词、动词、副词、形容词、名词和短语等。
[示例] I then made it a point to __55__ those meetings and learn all I could.
A．chair B．sponsor C．attend D．organize
[解析] C 本题可以利用固定结构解题。attend a meeting出席会议，是固定搭配。
利用生活常识和文化背景解题
完形填空的语篇中往往渗透着诸如文化科学、历史地理、风俗民情等方面的知识。在做题时，若能积极地调动自己的文化背景知识和生活常识，巧妙地加以运用，特别是注意中西文化的差异，将会大大简化复杂的分析与判断过程，节省宝贵的时间，顺利地沿作者的思路阅读下去。
[示例] Just last year, I was 56.conducting a workshop when someone knocked at the classroom door. A woman __57__ the interruption and handed me an envelope.
57．A.regretted B．avoided C．excused D．ignored
[解析] C 此题可利用生活常识和文化背景解题。作者正在上课，因此根据生活常识，打断作者上课应该请求原谅。
3．利用对应成分分析法解题
完形填空文章的上下文之间以及句子内部之间往往有着一定的逻辑关系，它使句子的各个成分之间形成一定的对应关系。考生可以根据这种逻辑关系找出与未知填空相对应的已知成分，将它作为线索，通过它推断出未知填空的答案。
[示例]To __51__ the amount of rubbish and to protect the 52.environment，more governments are requiring people to recycle materials.
51．A.show B．record C．decrease D．measure
[解析] C 本题可以利用对应成分分析法解题。第51题与protect形成对应关系。因为前面有and这一并列连词，并且and前后意思应该一致，我们可以很轻松地选出正确答案C项(decrease“减少”)。
[示例] A pupil who can do his homework in a quiet and 59 room is in a much better position than a pupil who does his homework in a small, noisy room with the television on.
A. furnished B. expensive C. comfortable D. suitable
[解析]该题利用相似短语之间的对比关系来命题。设空部分与下文的a small, noisy room with the television on存在对比关系。作者想借此说明“相同的作业”对于“不同家庭背景的学生”所表现出的事实上的不公平。答案C。
4.利用逻辑关系解题
此方法是通过分析未知填空前后文与已知信息之间的逻辑关系来确定答案，主要应用于完形填空的两类题型：一是考查连接词和起连接词作用的短语，二是考查上下文的逻辑关系。
[示例] We went 10 1 and I was named most valuable player, __28__I often had crazy dreams in which I was to blame for Miller’s 29.accident．
28．A.and B．then C．but D．thus
[解析] C 本题考查连词。通过分析得知本填空前后文的已知信息是明显的转折关系，因此答案是but。and表示并列关系；then表示顺承关系；thus表示因果关系。连词的作用就是将其前后文的已知信息衔接起来，因此可以利用逻辑关系来解题，即通过分析该未知填空前后文的已知信息的逻辑关系来确定本题应该填入表达何种逻辑关系的短语。
[示例]... got me rock-bottom prices on airfares, cars, and hotels. But her cold voice really 28 me.
28. A. annoyed B. interested C. discouraged D. confused
[解析] A But是这里的语篇标记语，表示转折关系。由此我们可推测，尽管作者的旅行社经纪人总是能给他买到最低价的机票等，但是她冷冰冰的声音着实让作者不开心，故annoyed 符合此处语境。
利用语境暗示分析法解题
上下文语境具体体现为：全文的中心主线和主题、作者的态度倾向和评价、上下文语篇衔接、句际和段际关系。在句内层次中，我们通常可以通过上下文语境，即根据已知信息，推导出正确答案。
[示例] The 38.trip is scheduled to start on December 21 in New York City and continue on to Milan, Prague, Paris, Bangkok and New Delhi before __39__ in Toronto on January 8.
39．A.ending B．calling C．repeating D．staying
[解析] A 本题可以利用语境暗示分析法解题。由前面的start可知旅行开始时间，因此我们可以快速地选出ending旅行的结束时间。
[示例] When you revise, you change aspects of your work in 54 to your evolving purpose, or to include 55 ideas or newly discovered information.
55. A. fixed B. ambitious C. familiar D. fresh
[解析] D fresh ideas 与本句后面的newly discovered information对应。
四种方法智取句组层次题
比句内层次题稍难一级的题目，其解题信息分布在空格前后的一组意群之中，解题时需前瞻后顾，综合意群信息解答。即：本句信息不足填，空格前后再找信息源。
1．利用语义复现解题
复现是一种语义衔接手段，它通过原词、同义词或近义词、反义词、上义词、下义词、同源词或同根词等重复出现来表达某一概念，使整篇文章上下连贯，有机地衔接在一起。因此，考生可根据文章的具体情况，理解文章的结构和语境，利用文章中的复现现象来选择正确的答案。
[示例] While high school does not generally encourage students to explore new aspects of life，college sets the stage for that exploration. I myself went through this __41__ process and found something that has changed my 42.experience at college for the better：I discovered ASL—American Sign Language(美式手语)．
41．A.searching B．planning C．natural D．formal
[解析] A 本题可利用语义复现解题。由上文中的explore new aspects of life可知，所填词与explore(探索)在词义上相近，故选searching(寻找)。planning计划；natural自然的；formal正式的。
[示例] Good manners at mealtimes help you and those around you to feel 49 . This is true at home as much as it is true in someone else’s home or in a restaurant. Good 50 make meals more enjoyable for everyone at the table.
50.A. dishes B. manners C. atmospheres D. friends
【解析】B 我们可以很容易地找到设空部分的解题线索——上文的复现词汇 manners。故答案为 B。
[示例] This is what happens on long submarine（潜水艇） voyages. It will also happen on 47 space flights in the future. Will there be special problems of adjustment under such conditions
47．A.long B.fast C.dangerous D.direct
【解析】A 我们可以很容易地找到设空部分的解题线索——上文的复现词汇long
[示例] Many firms already claim to be “customer-driven” or “consumer-centered”. Now their 62 will be tested as never before.
62.A. information B. investment C. claims D. shops
【解析】C 我们可以很容易地找到设空部分的解题线索——上文的复现词汇claim。
利用作者态度或感彩关联解题
在完形填空文章中，我们一定要在快速阅读文章的过程中，仔细找出能够反映作者态度和感彩的重要词汇，它们往往是名词、形容词、副词或动词。这些词汇通常是我们做题时重要的参照线索，可以帮助我们快速确定某些题目的正确答案或根据作者对人物或事情的褒贬性排除干扰做出正确的选择。
【示例】Good manners at mealtimes help you and those around you to feel 49. This is true at home as much as it is true in someone else’s home or in a restaurant.
49. A. comfortable B. stressed C. depressed D. outstanding
【解析】A 本题考查形容词辨析，前三个选项往往用来形容人的情感，意思分别是“舒服的”、“压力的”、“沮丧的”；后一个选项常用来指人的才能，意思是“杰出的、非凡的”。单从语法来说，每一个选项似乎都对，但是结合句意“好的用餐礼仪会使你和你周围的人感到舒服”，显然只能选A。
【示例】The law of over learning explains why cramming (突击学习) for an examination, 62(though) it may result in a passing grade, is not a 63 way to learn a school course.
63. A. convenient B. demanding C. satisfactory D. swift
【解析】读懂作者的态度，即可理解本句意为“超量学习的原理解释了为什么虽然应付考试的突击学习可以帮助你及格，但不是一种学习学校课程的好方法”。这里的“好”就是“令人满意的”，最能体现作者对事物的态度，所以答案为C。
[示例] When men are held up together for a long period, they begin to feel uneasy. Everyone has little habits of speaking and behaving that are ordinarily acceptable. In the limited space over a long period of time, however, these little habits may become very 50 .
50．A．pleasing B．annoying C．common D．valuable
【解析】B 结合上下文，意思是在狭小的空间里呆的时间过长，平时习惯的小动作也变得令人不能容忍了。上文they begin to feel uneasy是提示。A项“令人高兴的”、C项“普通的”、D项“有价值的”意思都不符合语境。只有B项annoying与上文中的uneasy在作者的情感态度上最接近。
3．利用逻辑关系解题
在句组层次题中，利用逻辑关系解题同样是一种重要的方法。完形填空中的每一个空格并非孤立存在的，命题者必须通过上下文体现出某种线索来保证空格所填答案的唯一性，而这一线索即是上下文乃至贯穿全文的逻辑关系，若在解题时忽视这一点，则无异于只见树木，不见森林。文章的逻辑关系不外乎有列举、因果、让步、对照、递进、目的、条件等，命题者往往借助于连词或介词短语来设置选项，因此在平时学习时就应该分清并牢记相关连词及介词短语所表示的逻辑关系。
[示例] Are your table manners much better when you are eating at a friend’s home or in a restaurant than they are at your own home Probably so, 45 you are aware that people judge you by your table manners.
45. A. because B. but C. unless D. though
【解析】 A 你之所以在朋友家或餐馆的用餐礼仪比在自家时要好，是因为你知道人们会据此来评判一个人文明程度。不难判断 “you are aware that people judge you by your table manners”是表达前文的理由，用连词because。
[示例] A pupil who can do his homework in a quiet and 59 room is in a much better position than a pupil who does his homework in a small, noisy room with the television on.
59. A. furnished B. expensive C. comfortable D. suitable
【解析】 该题利用相似短语之间的对比关系来命题。设空部分与下文的a small, noisy room with the television on存在对比关系。作者想借此说明“相同的作业”对于“不同家庭背景的学生”所表现出的事实上的不公平。答案为C。
4．利用语境暗示分析法解题
在句组层次中，有些题目我们往往也需要通过上下文语境，即根据已知信息，推导出正确答案。
[示例] During the war,my husband was stationed at an army camp in a desert in California.I went to live there...... My husband was ordered out on a long-term duty,and I was left in a tiny shack(棚屋) alone...... 24 a soul to talk to . The wind blew non-stop ,and all the food I ate ,and the evry air I breathed,were 25 with sand , sand , sand !
24. A. Only B. Not C. Many D.Such
【解析】：上下文语境分析法。根据上文a desert和alone，可知，没有一个人可以交谈。A.仅仅；B. 没有；C.很多；D.这样。故选B。
三种方法突破语篇层次题
语篇层次题要求考生理解整篇文章，抓住全文的脉络、作者的思想、意图或主人公的心理，然后进行准确的推理、判断，从而做出正确的选择。这类题难度较大，一篇完形填空中，大约有2～3道此类题。
不急于解答，读完全文后综合思维再做判定。语篇层次题的解答必须立足于整个语篇，因此在解题时对这类题目不能急于解答，要跨越段落，顺藤摸瓜，仔细比对，最终得出答案。具体来说，可以利用以下3种方法解答此类题目。
利用语义复现解题
由于完形填空的文章是一个意义相关联的语篇，它往往要围绕一个话题论述，因此行文中词语的重复、替代或同现的现象是不可避免的，即某一词常常以原词、同义词或近义词以及其它形式重复出现在语篇之中。词汇复现的语用意义使得语篇中的句子相互衔接和连贯，从而构成一个完整和有机的意义整体。根据这一原则，某一个空格所对应的答案很可能就是在上下文中复现的相关词，考生可以这些词之间的有机联系来决定答案。
[示例] In 2012, I had just recovered from a serious illness when I received an invitation to a writer's conference in Orlando, Florida. My family persuaded me that a(n) 36 might be just what the doctor ordered, so off I 37 went .
36. A.holiday B.ceremony C.operation D.experiment
....
I' ll never forget that wonderful lady who, through her 55 kindness , filled my brief holiday in Florida with wonderful memories.
[解析] A 考察名词词义辨析及上下文串联。A假期；B仪式；C手术；D实验；句义：在2012年我刚刚从一次严重的疾病中恢复过来，我收到了一个邀请我去奥兰多参加作家会议。我家人说服我一个这样的假期也许是医生要求我做的事情。生病的人需要假期来恢复身心。另外根据文章最后一句filled my brief holiday in Florida可知也应该指假期。
利用总分结构或对比结构分析法解题
完形填空往往采用总分对照结构，总述是对分述的总结和概括，而分述是对总述的展开和详述，两者之间有着明确的相互支撑、相互印证的对照关系。总分对照结构可以为我们提供重要的解题线索。
对比结构常把两种对立的事物或同一事物的两个不同方面并列出来加以比较或对比。高考完形填空题常常利用句子之间的对比关系或者同一个句子的不同部分之间的对比关系设计题目。对比结构可以为我们提供重要的解题线索。
[示例] He had always been interested in medicine and had read a book, which discussed the idea of how body chemistry and health can be damaged by emotional stress and negative __47__. The book made Cousins think about the possible __48__ of positive attitudes and emotions.
47. A. attitudes B. beliefs C. goals D. positions
48. A. shortcoming B. harm C. benefit D. interest
【解析】 这两题均考查根据上下文选择正确的名词。上句意为“……书中讨论到紧张的情绪和消极的。。。都会损害人体组织和健康”。紧接着下句，意为“这本书使Cousins考虑到，积极的态度和情感可能带来的.....”。上句中的negative attitude, damaged等词与下句中的positive attitude, benefit形成对照，是解题关键。故47题A选项为正确答案；48题C为正确答案。
[示例] Be someone else! Look at the situation from a __62__ point of view. Good businessmen use this technique in trade, and so do writers. Fiction writers often imagine they are the __63__ in their books. They ask questions: What does this character want Why can’t she get it What changes must she make to get what she wants If your goal involves other people, put yourself in their __64__. The best fishermen think like fish!
A. private B. global C. different D. practical
【解析】C 。只要用心都会注意到该段的开头一句话：Be someone else! 充当的作用：总领该段。故此选答案时应该照顾上下文。
利用逻辑关系解题
在语篇层次题中，利用逻辑关系也是一种重要解题方法。完形填空中的每一个空格并非孤立存在的，命题者必须通过上下文体现出某种线索来保证空格所填答案的唯一性，而这一线索即是上下文乃至贯穿全文的逻辑关系，若在解题时忽视这一点，则无异于只见树木，不见森林。文章的逻辑关系不外乎有列举、因果、让步、对照、递进、目的、条件等，命题者往往借助于连词或介词短语来设置选项，因此在平时学习时就应该分清并牢记相关连词及介词短语所表示的逻辑关系。
[示例] Revision is not just an afterthought that gets only as much time as you have at the end of an assignment. 56 , it is a major stage of the writing process, and writers revise every step of the way.
56. A. However B. Moreover C. Instead D. Therefore
【解析】：B 副词Moreover类似与but also表递进含义，与前面句not just（only）呼应。副词However（然而，表转折关系）、Instead（作为替代、反而，表相反含义）、Therefore（因此，表原因）都不符题意。
【典题举隅】
（2024·江苏南京·二模）
The other day our English teacher asked us to read an article in the textbook called “Stonehenge—Can Anyone Explain Why It Is There ” While reading, I couldn’t stop thinking of my 71 of Stonehenge last summer when my family went to the UK. It is one of the most wonderful experiences I’ve ever had.
Stonehenge is a 72 stone group made up of a large number of heavy stones. It is said that they were put together almost 5,000 years ago. It took us about two hours to get there from London by bus.
When we 73 there at about 10 a.m., visitors of all ages had already begun their trips. I could not wait to join them. Some men 74 uniforms guided us to walk along the paths around the large stone monuments (石碑). Walking along them, I felt like stepping back 5,000 years. I 75 each stone might weigh several tons. Looking at them in amazement, I wanted to know how ancient people could make those large stones stand without the help of modern 76 . Questions came into my mind: Why did they build Stonehenge How long did it take them to build it I could not 77 how many people worked together to build these monuments. The true purpose of building Stonehenge may remain a mystery. But its 78 to attract and encourage people has lasted for thousands of years. Without great teamwork, Stonehenge would never have been built.
As we stopped to take pictures, I saw a blonde girl 79 the stone monuments. She was getting inspiration (灵感) from them for her artwork.
Stonehenge is a very great place that has amazed people from all over the world for 80 . If you ever get the chance to visit England, take the time to see the great stone monuments for yourself.
71．A．task B．tour C．treat D．trade
72．A．tiny B．huge C．usual D．slight
73．A．left B．moved C．waited D．arrived
74．A．in B．on C．at D．with
75．A．guessed B．counted C．decided D．wondered
76．A．medicine B．education C．technology D．agriculture
77．A．doubt B．agree C．imagine D．manage
78．A．power B．pride C．progress D．problem
79．A．hearing B．writing C．drawing D．introducing
80．A．days B．weeks C．months D．centuries
【答案】
71．B 72．B 73．D 74．A 75．A 76．C 77．C 78．A 79．C 80．D
【导语】本文介绍了英国著名的巨石阵，作者回忆了去年夏天与家人参观的经历。文章描述了巨石阵的历史悠久、由大量重石组成的特点，以及作者参观时的感受。作者惊叹于古代人的建筑技术和巨石阵对人们的吸引力，并建议有机会一定要亲自去看看这些伟大的石碑。
71．句意：阅读时，我情不自禁地想起去年夏天我们全家去英国旅游时参观的巨石阵。
task任务；tour游览；treat款待；trade贸易。根据“my ... of Stonehenge last summer”可知，是去年去游览巨石阵。故选B。
72．句意：巨石阵是一个巨大的石头群，由大量沉重的石头组成。
tiny极小的；huge巨大的；usual通常的；slight轻微的。根据“Stonehenge is a ... stone group”可知，巨石阵是一个巨大的石头群。故选B。
73．句意：当我们在上午10点左右到达那里时，各个年龄段的游客都已经开始了他们的旅行。
left离开；moved移动；waited等待；arrived到达。根据“When we ... there at about 10 a.m.”可知，此处指的是上午十点左右到达那里的时候。故选D。
74．句意：一些穿着制服的人引导我们沿着大型石碑周围的小路行走。
in穿着；on在上面；at在；with和。根据“Some men ... uniforms”可知，是穿着制服的人们。故选A。
75．句意：我猜每块石头可能有几吨重。
guessed猜测；counted数；decided决定；wondered想知道。根据“I ... each stone might weigh several tons.”可知，猜测每块石头可能有几吨重。故选A。
76．句意：我惊奇地看着它们，想知道古人是如何在没有现代技术的帮助下使这些巨石屹立不倒的。
medicine药；education教育；technology技术；agriculture农业。根据“without the help of modern”可知，此处指的是没有现代技术的帮助。故选C。
77．句意：我无法想象有多少人共同努力建造这些石碑。
doubt怀疑；agree同意；imagine想象；manage管理。根据“I could not... how many people worked together to build these monuments.”可知，是无法想象有多少人共同努力建造这些石碑。故选C。
78．句意：但它吸引和鼓励人们的力量已经持续了数千年。
power力量；pride自豪；progress进展；problem问题。根据“attract and encourage people”可知，是吸引和鼓励人们的力量。故选A。
79．句意：当我们停下来拍照时，我看到一个金发女孩在画石碑。
hearing听见；writing写；drawing画；introducing介绍。根据“She was getting inspiration (灵感) from them for her artwork.”可知，提到了艺术作品，所以此处应该是在画石碑。故选C。
80．句意：巨石阵是一个伟大的地方，几个世纪以来一直让世界各地的人们惊叹不已。
days天；weeks周；months月；centuries世纪。根据“Stonehenge is a very great place that has amazed people from all over the world for”可知，巨石阵几个世纪以来一直让人们惊叹不已。故选D。
（2024·江苏苏州·二模）请认真阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A Taste of Finnish Culture
Some students came to Finland to study at Helsinki University. They are sitting in a city cafe after one of their classes.
Kirsten: Talking about Finns and Finland, what do you guys think about living here 91
Edwina: I must tell you guys that I was quite pleasantly surprised at the weather when I first arrived here in the middle of 92 . The temperature was minus 15. I thought I was going to die! But I don’t freeze 93 in Finland, because all the buildings are so well heated. I freeze more in Scotland than I do here.
Vishal: True. And the summertime is lovely, though. Another thing I really like about living in Finland is that it’s really 94 , at least compared to Mumbai! One day, when I was walking home, I dropped my wallet. When I noticed this, I thought it would be stolen for sure. But I found that someone had put my wallet on top of a bench so that I would find it more easily. The most surprising thing was that 95 had been taken from it!
Kirsten: That’s pretty 96 . It always makes me smile to see all the lost things.
Edwina: People here 97 a lot. For example, almost no one crosses the road when the light is red, even if there are no cars coming.
Kirsten: You’re right! I remember I once crossed the road when the light was red. People waiting on the other side looked at me in a very annoyed way. That made me decide 98 to do it again!
Vishal: That’s funny! In India, people don’t do that!
Joseph: Well, another thing that can be funny is Finnish food. One day, soon after getting to Finland, I felt like having something sweet. I went into the comer shop and I saw that there were freshly baked doughnuts on the bread counter. “Excellent!” I thought, and I chose a big doughnut to sink my teeth into. But imagine my 99 when I discovered that it was filled with meat!
Edwina: Oh yes. I think the meat filling is actually quite nice but not when you are 100 jam!
91．A．at first B．so far C．now and then D．for the time
92．A．spring B．summer C．autumn D．winter
93．A．indoors B．outdoors C．immediately D．completely
94．A．smart B．quiet C．safe D．clean
95．A．everything B．anything C．nothing D．something
96．A．crazy B．proper C．attractive D．amazing
97．A．ride bicycles B．complain about drivers C．follow rules D．argue about laws
98．A．always B．often C．seldom D．never
99．A．horror B．joy C．worry D．excitement
100．A．tasting B．expecting C．touching D．spreading
【答案】
91．B 92．D 93．A 94．C 95．C 96．D 97．C 98．D 99．A 100．B
【导语】本文主要介绍了一些学生对芬兰人和芬兰的看法。
91．句意：谈到芬兰人和芬兰，到目前为止你们觉得住在这里怎么样？
at first首先；so far到目前为止；now and then偶尔；for the time暂时。根据“what do you guys think about living here”可知，是指询问到目前为止的看法。故选B。
92．句意：我必须告诉你们，我初到这里时，在冬季的中期，天气非常令人惊喜。
spring春天；summer夏天；autumn秋天；winter冬天。根据“The temperature was minus 15.”可知，温度很低，应是指在冬天。故选D。
93．句意：但在芬兰，我不会在室内冻僵，因为所有的建筑物都是供暖很好。
indoors在室内；outdoors在户外；immediately立即；completely完全地。根据“because all the buildings are so well heated.”可知，在室内不会冻僵。故选A。
94．句意：我很喜欢住在芬兰的另一点是它真的很安全，至少与孟买相比！
smart聪明的；quiet安静的；safe安全的；clean干净的。根据“One day, when I was walking home, I dropped my wallet. When I noticed this, I thought it would be stolen for sure. But I found that someone had put my wallet on top of a bench so that I would find it more easily.”可知，住在芬兰很安全。故选C。
95．句意：最让人吃惊的是，里面什么都没有被拿走！
everything一切；anything任何事；nothing没有什么；something某物。根据“The most surprising thing”及前文介绍丢失了钱包可知，此处是指发现钱包里什么都没有被拿走，这是很令人吃惊的。故选C。
96．句意：这真是太令人惊叹了。
crazy疯狂的；proper合适的；attractive有吸引力的；amazing令人惊叹的。根据“It always makes me smile to see all the lost things.”可知，发现自己的东西没有丢，是很令人惊叹的。故选D。
97．句意：这里的人很遵守规则。
ride bicycles骑自行车；complain about drivers抱怨司机；follow rules遵守规则；argue about laws争论法律。根据“almost no one crosses the road when the light is red, even if there are no cars coming.”可知，这里的人遵守规则。故选C。
98．句意：这让我决定再也不那样做了！
always总是；often经常；seldom很少；never从不。根据“I once crossed the road when the light was red. People waiting on the other side looked at me in a very annoyed way.”可知，有一次我在红灯时过马路，对面的人以恼怒的方式看着我，这让我决定不再闯红灯了。故选D。
99．句意：但是想象一下当我发现里面全是肉的时候我有多么的害怕！
horror恐惧；joy欢乐；worry担心；excitement兴奋。根据“‘Excellent!’ I thought, and I chose a big doughnut to sink my teeth into.”及But表转折可知，我原以为甜甜圈很不错，但是发现里面全是肉，这让我很恐惧。故选A。
100．句意：我觉得肉馅确实很好吃，但不是当你期待果酱的时候！
tasting品尝；expecting期待；touching触摸；spreading传播。根据“the meat filling is actually quite nice but not when you are ... jam”可知，肉馅其实很好吃，但是在你没有期待果酱的时候。故选B。
Passage 1
（2025·江苏镇江·一模）
The beginning of Spring, Lichun, the first of China’s 24 solar terms, marks the start of the spring season. The term “Li” means beginning, while “Chun” 1 warmth and growth. In the 2 Chinese calendar system, Lichun stands for the arrival of spring and the start of a new 3 . It often falls between February 3rd and 5th in the Gregorian calendar (公历) 4 the sun reaches the celestial longitude (经度) of 315 degrees. This solar term 5 the end of cold winter and the gradual transition (过渡) to warmer days in nature. Chinese farmers celebrate the beginning of Spring with special 6 . On that day, villagers usually hold ceremonies to welcome the spring. Villagers usually make a clay sculpture of a cow, which people call “spring cow”. Women take their children to go 7 the cow for three times. It’s said that in this way the children can be kept away from 8 . The tradition of 9 special snacks on that day is called “yaochun” in Chinese. It means “biting the spring”. People will wrap (包裹) some vegetables with thin pancakes. There is a long history of eating them on the beginning of Spring. 10 Lichun, people go outdoors to hug the blossoming season, a tradition known as “exploring spring” or “spring outings”.
1．A．reminds B．represents C．requires D．rhymes
2．A．interesting B．serious C．traditional D．world-famous
3．A．cycle B．plan C．period D．spirit
4．A．while B．what C．when D．where
5．A．greets B．shapes C．provides D．marks
6．A．causes B．events C．fights D．songs
7．A．against B．across C．along D．around
8．A．diseases B．exercises C．housework D．schoolwork
9．A．smelling B．noticing C．eating D．touching
10．A．Following B．Meeting C．Protecting D．Showing
【答案】
1．B 2．C 3．A 4．C 5．D 6．B 7．D 8．A 9．C 10．A
【导语】本文主要讲述了立春的含义、时间以及一些习俗。
1．句意：“立”意味着开始，而“春”意味着温暖和成长。
reminds提醒；represents代表；requires要求；rhymes押韵。根据“The term ‘Li’ means beginning, while ‘Chun’…warmth and growth.”可知，此处表达“春”代表着温暖和成长。故选B。
2．句意：在中国传统的日历系统中，立春代表着春天的到来和新一轮循环的开始。
interesting有趣的；serious严肃的；traditional传统的；world-famous世界著名的。根据“In the…Chinese calendar system, Lichun stands for the arrival of spring and the start of a new…”可知，此处表达中国传统的日历系统。故选C。
3．句意：在中国传统的日历系统中，立春代表着春天的到来和新一轮循环的开始。
cycle循环；plan计划；period时期；spirit精神。根据“In the…Chinese calendar system, Lichun stands for the arrival of spring and the start of a new…”可知，此处表达立春是新一轮循环的开始。故选A。
4．句意：它通常发生在公历2月3日至5日之间，此时太阳到达经度315度。
while然而；what什么；when什么时候；where哪里。根据“It often falls between February 3rd and 5th in the Gregorian calendar…the sun reaches the celestial longitude of 315 degrees.”可知，此处表达当太阳到达经度315度的时候。故选C。
5．句意：这个节气标志着寒冷的冬天结束，自然界逐渐过渡到温暖的日子。
greets问候；shapes形成；provides提供；marks标志。根据“This solar term…the end of cold winter and the gradual transition to warmer days in nature.”可知，此处表达这个节气标志着寒冷的冬天结束。故选D。
6．句意：中国农民用特别的活动来庆祝春天的开始。
causes原因；events事件；fights战斗；songs歌曲。根据“Chinese farmers celebrate the beginning of Spring with special…On that day, villagers usually hold ceremonies to welcome the spring.”可知，此处表达农民用特别的活动来庆祝春天的开始。故选B。
7．句意：女人带着孩子围着牛转三圈。
against反对；across穿过；along沿着；around围绕。根据“Women take their children to go…the cow for three times.”可知，此处指女人带着孩子围着牛转三圈。故选D。
8．句意：据说这样可以让孩子们远离疾病。
diseases疾病；exercises锻炼；housework家务；schoolwork家庭作业。根据“It’s said that in this way the children can be kept away from…”可知，此处指带着孩子围着春牛转三圈可以让孩子们远离疾病。故选A。
9．句意：在那一天吃特殊小吃的传统在中国被称为“咬春”。
smelling闻；noticing注意；eating吃；touching触摸。根据“The tradition of…special snacks on that day is called ‘yaochun’ in Chinese.”可知，此处指那一天特殊的小吃。故选C。
10．句意：在立春之后，人们去户外拥抱盛开的季节，这一传统被称为“探索春天”或“春游”。
Following跟随；Meeting遇见；Protecting保护；Showing展示。根据“…people go outdoors to hug the blossoming season, a tradition known as ‘exploring spring’ or ‘spring outings’.”可知，此处表达在立春之后，人们去户外。故选A。
Passage 2
（2024·江苏苏州·二模）请认真阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
In the 1960s, a musical group composed a popular song called Monday: “Every other day of the week is fine. But whenever Monday comes, you can find me crying all of the time.” When talking about days of the week, Monday gets 11 expectation. I surveyed friends, and the 12 were very clear. When asking which day of the week they liked the least, 90 percent of them chose Monday. I disagree with them all. I think Monday is actually the best day of the week.
13 , consider all the good things that happen on Mondays. For example, quite a few public holidays are celebrated on Mondays. Then Monday is the best day to do shopping because there aren’t so many people shopping. Experts say that you can also get the best online deals on Mondays. This is 14 true for electronics, such as computers, TVs, and video games.
To me, however, there’s something even more important about Mondays. Each Monday 15 a new beginning. For example, last week I got behind on my homework and had to give up going to a movie with my friends on the weekend. But 16 Monday arrived, I could start all over again.
I also love Mondays because we usually start new lessons at school at the beginning of the week. While last week’s topics may be 17 , Monday can bring a new book to read, or math problems to solve. Besides, I always become full of energy on Mondays after getting enough sleep at weekends.
I realize that I am probably not going to make everyone believe that Monday is the best day of the week, but hopefully I can 18 a few people to change. The next time a Monday comes, think about all the good things that could happen and look forward to the day instead of 19 it.
There’s no way to 20 Mondays, so join me in making the best of them. Who knows You might even start liking the first day of the workweek.
11．A．much B．some C．little D．any
12．A．results B．reasons C．problems D．changes
13．A．In all B．After all C．First of all D．At all
14．A．specially B．especially C．probably D．terribly
15．A．expresses B．presents C．confirms D．represents
16．A．as well as B．as soon as C．as good as D．as far as
17．A．boring B．interesting C．surprising D．exciting
18．A．force B．order C．allow D．encourage
19．A．enjoying B．fearing C．accepting D．facing
20．A．avoid B．receive C．prove D．reduce
【答案】
11．C 12．A 13．C 14．B 15．D 16．B 17．A 18．D 19．B 20．A
【导语】本文主要向我们介绍作者认为一周中最好的一天是星期一及其原因。
11．句意：当谈到一周中的几天时，人们对星期一的期望很少。
much很多；some一些；little很少；any任何。由下文“When asking which day of the week they like the least, 90 percent of them chose Monday.”可知，很多人不喜欢周一，对周一的期待必然很少。故选C。
12．句意：我调查了朋友，结果很清楚。
results结果；reasons原因；problems问题；changes变化。根据下文可知，紧跟其后是关于作者做的这个调查的“结果”。故选A。
13．句意：首先，想想星期一发生的所有好事。
In all总共；After all毕竟；First of all首先；At all通常要和not搭配使用，表示一点也不。根据上文可知，这里开始陈述作者喜欢周一的原因，且下文有“Then”相呼应，应是首先。故选C。
14．句意：对于电子产品来说尤其如此，比如电脑、电视和视频游戏。
specially特别地；especially特别是；probably可能；terribly非常。根据上文可知这里进一步说明电子产品“尤其”如此。故选B。
15．句意：每个星期一都代表着一个新的开始。
expresses表达；presents呈现；confirms确认；represents代表。由下文“Monday arrived, I could start all over again”可知，指周一“代表”着新的开始。故选D。
16．句意：但是一到星期一，我就可以重新开始了。
as well as以及；as soon as一……就……；as good as和……一样好；as far as就目前而言。由“Monday arrived”可知，这里指“一到”周一就可以重新开始。故选B。
17．句意：虽然上周的主题可能很无聊，但周一可以读一本新书，或者解决一些数学问题。
boring无聊；interesting有趣；surprising令人惊讶；exciting令人兴奋。由上下文可知，前后是转折关系，指虽然上周的主题可能“无聊”，但周一可以重新开始。故选A。
18．句意：我意识到我可能不会让每个人都相信周一是一周中最好的一天，但我希望我能鼓励一些人改变。
force强制；order命令；allow允许；encourage鼓励。前后是转折关系，根据语境及全文内容可知作者希望通过自己的陈述“鼓励”一些不喜欢周一的人爱上周一。故选D。
19．句意：下次星期一来临的时候，想想所有可能发生的好事，期待这一天，而不是害怕它。
enjoying享受；fearing害怕；accepting接受；facing面对。由“look forward to the day instead of...”可知是期待而不是害怕，空格词应该与“look forward to”相反。故选B。
20．句意：没有办法避免星期一，所以和我一起好好利用星期一吧。
avoid避免；receive收到；prove证明；reduce减少。由语境可知，很多人不喜欢周一，故作者总结“逃避”周一是不可能的。故选A。
Passage 3
（2024·江苏南京·三模）阅读下面短文，从短文后所给各题的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
The Silk Road is known to all Chinese. It was an ancient trade way that connected China to other countries. Along this way, many products were traded, 21 spices, silk and food. One of the most important activities of this road was the exchange of currency (货币交换).
When people from different places met along the Silk Road, they had to exchange their currencies 22 do the business. However, this was not always 23 , as the value of different currencies is greatly different.
Many places had their own currency 24 and marks, which show their cultural history. For example, the Chinese used coins with a square hole in the middle, 25 the Persians used coins with marks of their rulers. Currency exchange also led to the development of new technologies. For example, the Chinese 26 paper money. It was more convenient (便利的) to carry than 27 coins. This creation completely changed the way people did the 28 and made for modern banking development.
Today, the Silk Road is no longer in use, but it has a great 29 on our life. By studying the currency culture on the Silk Road, you can get a better understanding of the world and the importance of 30 exchanges. If you have a chance to experience it in person, don’t miss it.
21．A．include B．includes C．including D．included
22．A．because of B．in order to C．instead of D．according to
23．A．easy B．difficult C．cheap D．expensive
24．A．colors B．sizes C．weights D．rules
25．A．while B．though C．until D．unless
26．A．chose B．invented C．brought D．left
27．A．smooth B．rough C．light D．heavy
28．A．project B．business C．shopping D．research
29．A．difficulty B．difference C．influence D．decision
30．A．medical B．local C．natural D．cultural
【答案】
21．C 22．B 23．A 24．D 25．A 26．B 27．D 28．B 29．C 30．D
【导语】本文主要介绍了丝绸之路和货币交换的发展历史以及对现在的影响。
21．句意：沿着这条路，许多产品被交易，包括香料、丝绸和食品。
include包括，动词原形；includes第三人称单数形式；including介词，包括；included包括，动词过去式。根据“...spices, silk and food”可知，此处应填介词，表示列举。故选C。
22．句意：当来自不同地方的人们沿着丝绸之路相遇时，他们必须交换他们的货币以完成交易。
because of因为；in order to为了；instead of而不是；according to通过。根据“exchange their currencies...do the business”可知，交换货币是为了完成商业贸易。故选B。
23．句意：然而，这并不总是那么容易，因为不同货币的价值差别很大。
easy容易；difficult困难的；cheap便宜点；expensive昂贵的。根据“as the value of different currencies is greatly different”可知，此处表示不容易的。故选A。
24．句意：许多地方都有自己的货币规则和标志，这显示了他们的文化历史。
colors颜色；sizes尺码；weights重量；rules规则。根据“For example, the Chinese used coins with a square hole in the middle,...the Persians used coins with marks of their rulers.”可知，此处是指货币规则。故选D。
25．句意：例如，中国人使用中间有一个方孔的硬币，而波斯人使用带有统治者标志的硬币。
while然而；though尽管；until直到；unless除非。根据上文“the Chinese used coins with a square hole in the middle”和下文“the Persians used coins with marks of their rulers”可知，上下文之间是转折关系。故选A。
26．句意：例如，中国人发明了纸币。
chose选择；invented发明；brought带来；left离开。根据上文“Currency exchange also led to the development of new technologies.”可知，此处是指发明了纸币。故选B。
27．句意：它比沉重的硬币携带起来更方便。
smooth顺滑的；rough粗糙的；light轻的；heavy重的。根据“It was more convenient to carry than...coins.”可知，此处是指与硬币相比，纸币更方便携带。故选D。
28．句意：这一发明彻底改变了人们做生意的方式，促进了现代银行业的发展。
project工程；business生意；shopping购物；research研究。根据“This creation completely changed the way people did the...and made for modern banking development.”可知，此处表示彻底改变了人们做生意的方式。故选B。
29．句意：今天，丝绸之路不再使用，但它对我们的生活有很大的影响。
difficulty困难；difference不同；influence影响；decision决定。have an influence on...“对……有影响”。故选C。
30．句意：通过研究丝绸之路上的货币文化，你可以更好地了解世界和文化交流的重要性。
medical医学的；local本地的；natural自然的；cultural文化的。根据“By studying the currency culture on the Silk Road”可知，此处是指文化交流的重要性。故选D。
Passage 4
（2024·江苏镇江·二模）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择最佳选项。
I don’t believe in luck, but I seemed to have a lot of the bad kind lately. Last week my washing machine broke. It just wouldn’t wash clothes. I hadn’t had it that long. Like anyone else these days I tried to 31 if I could fix it, but soon realized the repairs would cost more than a new machine would. Then this week my daughter’s washing machine broke. It was an older and 32 one so once again I tried to fix it myself and even called my friend who was good at household repairs to take a look at it. Once again, however, it was too badly 33 to be repaired. I ended up having to 34 two new washing machines.
My 35 traveled back to my childhood. I saw my granny 36 her washing machine. I foolishly tried to help and hurt my fingers. I still remember the 37 now.
When the washing was done, granny would often pat (拍打) the machine 38 before she took the clothes outside. She grew up handwashing clothes and was 39 the machine that did so much of the work for her.
The good old days had their share of struggles (奋斗) and joys and so do the good new days. What matters is how we live them and 40 we learn from them.
31．A．look out B．find out C．break out D．come out
32．A．better B．nicer C．smarter D．simpler
33．A．dangerous B．broken C．easy D．tidy
34．A．send B．share C．order D．build
35．A．mind B．plan C．interest D．training
36．A．breaking B．buying C．selling D．repairing
37．A．peace B．pain C．joy D．fear
38．A．sadly B．completely C．happily D．widely
39．A．thankful for B．hopeful about C．worried about D．afraid of
40．A．where B．what C．which D．when
【答案】
31．B 32．D 33．B 34．C 35．A 36．D 37．B 38．C 39．A 40．B
【导语】本文讲述作者在面对洗衣机故障时的经历和感受，以及作者对过去和现在生活的思考。
31．句意：这些天来，和其他人一样，我也想看看能不能修好它，但很快我就意识到，修理它比买一台新机器还要贵。
look out向外看，小心；find out找出；break out爆发；come out出版。根据“I tried to ... if I could fix it”可知，作者试图找到修理洗衣机的方法。故选B。
32．句意：它是一个旧的和简单的，所以我再一次试图自己修理它，甚至打电话给我的朋友，他擅长家庭维修看看它。
better更好的；nicer良好的；smarter更聪明的；simpler更简单的。根据“I tried to fix it myself ”可知作者试图自己修理，推知这个洗衣机的构造不复杂。故选D。
33．句意：然而，再一次地，它坏得太严重，无法修复。
dangerous危险的；broken损坏的；easy容易的；tidy整洁的。根据“it was too badly ... to be repaired”可知，洗衣机损坏严重，无法修复。故选B。
34．句意：我最后不得不订购两台新洗衣机。
send寄送；share分享；order订购；build建造。根据“I ended up having to ... two new washing machines.”及前文可知，洗衣机损坏严重，且无法修理，因此不得不订购两台新的洗衣机。故选C。
35．句意：我的思绪回到了童年。
mind想法，思绪；plan计划；interest兴趣；training训练。根据“My ... traveled back to my childhood.”可知，此处指作者的思绪回到了童年。故选A。
36．句意：我看见奶奶在修理她的洗衣机。
breaking打破；buying购买；selling售卖；repairing修理。根据“I foolishly tried to help and hurt my fingers.”可知，作者想帮助奶奶修理洗衣机。故选D。
37．句意：我现在还记得（当时的）疼痛。
peace和平；pain疼痛；joy快乐；fear害怕。根据“I foolishly tried to help and hurt my fingers.”可知，现在还记得当时手指的疼痛。故选B。
38．句意：洗完衣服后，奶奶总是高兴地拍拍洗衣机，然后把衣服拿出去。
sadly难过地；completely完全地；happily开心地；widely广泛地。根据“granny would often pat (拍打) the machine ... before she took the clothes outside.”及“She grew up handwashing clothes and was ... the machine that did so much of the work for her.”可知，奶奶从小都是手洗衣服，她认为洗衣机帮助她做了很多工作，因此奶奶常常在把衣服拿出来之前开心地拍拍洗衣机。故选C。
39．句意：她是手洗衣服长大的，她很感激机器为她做了这么多的工作。
thankful for感谢；hopeful about对……充满希望；worried about担心；afraid of害怕。根据“was ... the machine that did so much of the work for her.”可知，奶奶感谢洗衣机为她做的工作。故选A。
40．句意：重要的是我们如何生活，以及我们从中学到什么。
where在哪里；what什么；which哪一个；when什么时候。根据“we learn from them”可知从句缺少宾语，what符合语境，表示“我们能从中学到什么”。故选B。
Passage 5
（2024·江苏镇江·二模）
Milk tea is a yummy drink. It is 41 by most people all over the world, especially the young. “The first cup of milk tea in Autumn” is very popular on the Internet in China.
There are so many milk tea shops around every street. People have different 42 according to their tastes. There is bubble milk tea, house milk tea and iced milk tea. But it is also a good idea to make a cup of milk tea 43 at home. Today DIY is very popular with young people. It can give people real 44 in doing something and they can express their own ideas by DIY.
Here are some steps to make iced milk tea. First, prepare things you need. They are milk, black tea, sugar or honey, and some ice. Then, boil the black tea 45 the water turns light brown. The color of light brown means the tea is 46 . Add a quarter or half cup of ice, and then it will 47 melt (融化) and bring the tea down to a room temperature. Next, pour the milk into the tea, and mix them up. After that, add sugar or honey to make the taste 48 . Most people prefer half sugar or low sugar. Remember not to add too much. Generally, milk tea is cooled in a fridge. If you want to drink iced tea without 49 , you’ll need to add more ice. Finally, it’s great to add 50 you like, such as puddings, fruits and so on.
Sharing will double happiness. Let’s enjoy the delicious milk tea with our friends or family members.
41．A．compared B．discovered C．enjoyed D．introduced
42．A．activities B．choices C．prices D．reasons
43．A．by accident B．by hand C．by heart D．by machine
44．A．experience B．courage C．business D．treasure
45．A．after B．since C．until D．while
46．A．shiny B．healthy C．ready D．tasty
47．A．hardly B．probably C．widely D．slowly
48．A．better B．fresher C．softer D．worse
49．A．leaving B．moving C．thinking D．waiting
50．A．whatever B．whenever C．wherever D．however
【答案】
41．C 42．B 43．B 44．A 45．C 46．C 47．D 48．A 49．D 50．A
【导语】本文介绍了自制冰奶茶的步骤。
41．句意：全世界大多数人都喜欢它，尤其是年轻人。
compared比较；discovered发现；enjoyed喜欢；introduced介绍。根据“Milk tea is a yummy drink.”，奶茶很好喝，因此很多人喜欢奶茶。故选C。
42．句意：人们根据自己的口味有不同的选择。
activities活动；choices选择；prices价格；reasons理由。根据“There is bubble milk tea, house milk tea and iced milk tea.”可知，此处指的是“有多种选择”。故选B。
43．句意：但是在家手工制作一杯奶茶也是一个不错的主意。
by accident偶然；by hand手工；by heart凭记忆；by machine通过机器。根据“Today DIY is very popular with young people.”可知，此处指的是“手工制作奶茶”。故选B。
44．句意：它可以给人们做某事的真实经验，他们可以通过DIY表达自己的想法。
experience经验；courage勇气；business生意；treasure珍宝。根据“…in doing something and they can express their own ideas by DIY.”可知，此处指的是“做某事的真实经验”。故选A。
45．句意：然后，将红茶煮至水变成浅棕色。
after在……之后；since自从；until直到；while当。根据“Then, boil the black tea…the water turns light brown.”可知，此处指的是“直到水变成浅棕色”。故选C。
46．句意：浅棕色意味着茶已经泡好了。
shiny发光的；healthy健康的；ready准备好的；tasty可口的。根据“The color of light brown means the tea is …”可知，此处指的是“茶已经就绪”，应该用ready。故选C。
47．句意：加入四分之一或半杯冰，然后冰会慢慢融化，使茶温度降至室温。
hardly几乎不；probably可能；widely广泛地；slowly慢慢地。根据“and bring the tea down to a room temperature”可知，此处指的是“冰会慢慢融化”。故选D。
48．句意：之后，加入糖或蜂蜜，味道会更好。
better更好的；fresher更新鲜的；softer更软的；worse更糟糕的。根据“Most people prefer half sugar or low sugar.”可知，很多人都喜欢加糖或者蜂蜜，那就证明加了以后味道更好了。故选A。
49．句意：如果你想喝冰茶而不等待，你需要加更多的冰。
leaving离开；moving移动；thinking认为；waiting等待。根据“you’ll need to add more ice.”可知，此处指的是“不想等待”。故选D。
50．句意：最后，加入任何你喜欢的东西都很棒，比如布丁、水果等等。
whatever无论什么；whenever无论何时；wherever无论在哪；however无论如何。根据“…you like, such as puddings, fruits and so on.”可知，此处指的是“加入任何你喜欢的东西都很棒”，应用whatever。故选A。
Passage 6
（2024·江苏南京·二模）
As a kid, I often suffered from nosebleeds. My parents had some knowledge of traditional Chinese medicine, and they said this was caused by my love for 51 fruits. Lychees, my favorite, had given me “too much heat”, 52 it didn’t stop me from eating them by the dozens. After we moved from China to Canada, lychees became 53 to find. Whenever we drove to Montreal’s Chinatown to shop, I would scan all the fruit markets for my red jewels.
As I’ve grown older, my love for unusual fruits has only become 54 . Trying these fruits widens my horizons. Just when I thought I had met every pleasant fruity smell in the world, the lulo 55 at my favorite fruit shop. I bought a couple to make desserts. Its 56 left me wide-eyed. The strong, sweet scent made my whole kitchen smell nice for days. It was such a rare smell that I’d rather believe it was picked from a food scientist’s imagination than accept that this fruit just happened to 57 in some people’s backyards.
I try most fruits, only a couple of times because I always love newer things. But there is one I keep 58 to: the soursop. When it is ripe, it tastes wonderful—it’s hard to describe, somewhat like a combination of orange, banana, pineapple, strawberry and papaya. Wait just one more day, though, and it starts to brown, giving off a(an) 59 smell. This rapid decaying (腐烂的) process is only another 60 that time and tide wait for no man. So don’t let our sweetest days go to waste. “Taste” the joys around us as they come along.
51．A．amazing B．unusual C．colorful D．delicious
52．A．so B．and C．but D．because
53．A．unable B．popular C．free D．hard
54．A．stronger B．bigger C．weaker D．thinner
55．A．fell B．appeared C．lay D．remained
56．A．shape B．taste C．warmth D．price
57．A．leave B．cover C．pick D．grow
58．A．returning B．learning C．hurrying D．smiling
59．A．different B．further C．attractive D．terrible
60．A．accident B．beginning C．challenge D．reminder
【答案】
51．B 52．C 53．D 54．A 55．B 56．B 57．D 58．A 59．D 60．D
【导语】本文讲述了作者对不寻常的水果的热爱。
51．句意：我的父母对中医有一定的了解，他们说这是因为我喜欢吃不寻常的水果。
amazing令人大为惊奇的；unusual不同寻常的；colorful多彩的；delicious美味的。根据后文“my love for unusual fruits”以及“Lychees, my favorite, had given me ‘too much heat’”可知是我最喜欢的荔枝给了我“太多的热量”，因此是不寻常的水果。故选B。
52．句意：我最喜欢的荔枝给了我“太多的热量”，但这并没有阻止我吃几十个荔枝。
so因此；and和；but但是；because因为。前后表转折关系，用but连接，故选C。
53．句意：从中国搬到加拿大后，荔枝变得难找了。
unable不能够；popular流行的；free自由的；hard艰难的。根据“Whenever we drove to Montreal’s Chinatown to shop, I would scan all the fruit markets for my red jewels.”可知荔枝变得难找了。故选D。
54．句意：随着年龄的增长，我对不同寻常的水果的喜爱只会越来越强烈。
stronger更强烈的；bigger更大的；weaker更虚弱的；thinner更瘦的。根据“Trying these fruits widens my horizons.”可知是指我对不同寻常的水果的喜爱只会越来越强烈，用stronger。故选A。
55．句意：正当我以为我已经闻到了世界上所有令人愉悦的水果香味时，秘鲁番荔枝出现在我最喜欢的水果店里。
fell摔倒；appeared出现；lay放置；remained停留。根据“Just when I thought I had met every pleasant fruity smell in the world, the lulo…at my favorite fruit shop”可知是指秘鲁番荔枝出现在我最喜欢的水果店里。故选B。
56．句意：它的味道让我睁大了眼睛。
shape形状；taste味道；warmth温暖；price价格。根据“The strong, sweet scent made my whole kitchen smell nice for days.”可知是指它的味道让我睁大了眼睛。故选B。
57．句意：这是一种如此罕见的气味，我宁愿相信它是从食品科学家的想象中采摘出来的，也不愿接受这种水果只是碰巧生长在一些人的后院。
leave离开；cover覆盖；pick捡起；grow生长。根据“this fruit just happened to…in some people’s backyards.”可知是指这种水果只是碰巧生长在一些人的后院。故选D。
58．句意：但有一种水果我会一直回头买来吃，那就是刺果番荔枝。
returning返回；learning学习；hurrying赶快；smiling笑。根据“I try most fruits, only a couple of times because I always love newer things.”可知此处说明总是喜欢新鲜的东西，但是刺果番荔枝会一直回头买来吃，故选A。
59．句意：不过，只要再等一天，它就会变成棕色，散发出一种糟糕的气味。
different不同的；further更远的；attractive吸引人的；terrible糟糕的。根据“Wait just one more day”以及“This rapid decaying”可知多等一天就会开始腐烂，散发出一种糟糕的气味。故选D。
60．句意：这一迅速腐烂的过程只是又一次提醒人们，时不我待。
accident事故；beginning开始；challenge挑战；reminder提醒。根据“time and tide wait for no man”可知是指提醒人们，时不我待。故选D。
Passage 7
（2024·江苏南京·二模）I do believe that everyone is given a chance in life. My son, Gary, was given his chance with cooking.
We ran a small restaurant and lived over it. From a very early age, Gary would come down and talk to our customers. It has 61 a good start in his life. By the age of ten, Gary was in the 62 every weekend, so he always made some pocket money. He also had a lot of self-discipline (自律). He used to 63 even before me in the morning. If you run a family business, it was nice to see him helping out.
Gary wasn’t so good at schoolwork, but he 64 so much in the kitchen. By the age of 15, he was 65 any of the cooks working there, and sometimes he was even left in charge of (负责) the kitchen. He would produce over a hundred meals, and from then on I knew he would go into catering (餐饮业) because he had that talent. So when he came to me and said, “Dad, I’m required to complete work 66 as part of my course at school.” I sent him to a friend of mine who has got a restaurant. I believe he could learn more outside.
Recently Gary became interested in playing the drums and now he has his own band. Who knows what will happen to the cooking 67 the music takes off My advice to Gary would be: if you start hunting two rabbits, you end up catching 68 so hunt the rabbit you know you’re going to catch. He understood when I said to him, “Gary, if you’re going to get anywhere in life, you’ve got to do it by the age of 30. If you haven’t done it by then, it’s too 69 . ”
None of us can believe that Gary’s TV cookery series has become such a great success.
I’m really 70 him. I’ve always tried to tell him that if you want something, you’ve got to work hard for it, because nobody gives you anything. He has seen the chance he has been given and caught hold of it with both hands.
61．A．allowed B．promised C．chosen D．marked
62．A．hall B．kitchen C．shop D．garden
63．A．tidy up B．stay up C．get up D．hurry up
64．A．shone B．acted C．cared D．changed
65．A．as careful as B．as patient as C．as friendly as D．as good as
66．A．background B．achievement C．experience D．knowledge
67．A．unless B．if C．while D．since
68．A．neither B．none C．both D．either
69．A．boring B．late C．helpless D．silly
70．A．proud of B．crazy about C．strict with D．interested in
【答案】
61．D 62．B 63．C 64．A 65．D 66．C 67．B 68．A 69．B 70．A
【导语】本文主要讲述了每个人在生活中都有机会，当遇到这个机会时要紧紧抓住它。
61．句意：这标志着他人生的一个良好开端。
allowed允许；promised承诺；chosen选择；marked标志。根据“From a very early age, Gary would come down and talk to our customers.”与“It has … a good start in his life.”可知，此处应指标志着他人生的良好开端。故选D。
62．句意：到十岁的时候，Gary每个周末都在厨房里，所以他总是能赚到一些零花钱。
hall大厅；kitchen厨房；shop商店；garden花园。根据上文“My son, Gary, was given his chance with cooking.”与下文“Gary wasn’t so good at schoolwork, but he … so much in the kitchen.”可知，此处应指他都在厨房里。故选B。
63．句意：他以前早上甚至比我早起床。
tidy up整理；stay up熬夜；get up起床；hurry up赶快。根据“before me in the morning”可知，此处应指起床。故选C。
64．句意：Gary的功课不太好，但他在厨房里却很出色。
shone出色，出类拔萃；acted行动；cared关心；changed改变。根据“By the age of 15, he was … any of the cooks working there, and sometimes he was even left in charge of (负责) the kitchen.”可知此处应指在厨房表现很出色。故选A。
65．句意：到15岁时，他的厨艺已经和在那里工作的任何一个厨师一样好了，有时他甚至被留下来负责厨房。
as careful as像……一样小心；as patient as像……一样有耐心；as friendly as像……一样友好；as good as和……一样好。根据“and sometimes he was even left in charge of (负责) the kitchen”可知，此处应指和其他厨师一样好。故选D。
66．句意：所以当他来找我说：“爸爸，学校要求我完成工作经验，这是我课程的一部分。”
background背景；achievement成就；experience经验；knowledge知识。根据“I sent him to a friend of mine who has got a restaurant.”与“complete work …”可知，此处应指完成工作经验。故选C。
67．句意：谁知道如果音乐腾飞起来，烹饪会怎么样呢？
unless除非；if如果；while 当……时候；since因为。根据“Recently Gary became interested in playing the drums and now he has his own band.”与“Who knows what will happen to the cooking … the music takes off ”可知，此处应表示假设，如果音乐腾飞起来烹饪会怎么样。故选B。
68．句意：我给Gary的建议是：如果你开始打两只兔子，你最后一只也抓不到，所以去打你知道你会抓到的那只兔子。
neither（两者中）无一个；none全无；both两者都；either（两者中）任何一个。根据“so hunt the rabbit you know you’re going to catch”可知，此处应指抓不住两只兔子中的任何一只。故选A。
69．句意：如果到那时你还没有完成，那就太晚了。
boring无聊的；late晚的；helpless无助的；silly愚蠢的。根据“Gary, if you’re going to get anywhere in life, you’ve got to do it by the age of 30.”可知，此处应指如果那时还没有完成就太晚了。故选B。
70．句意：我真的为他骄傲。
be proud of以……骄傲；be crazy about热衷于；be strict with对……严格要求；be interested in对……感兴趣。根据“None of us can believe that Gary’s TV cookery series has become such a great success.”可知，此处应指为他感到骄傲。故选A。
Passage 8
（2024·江苏南京·二模）
Do you know that there are twelve Chinese zodiac sign, each one represented by an animal Each one of the twelve animals has their own characteristics and attributes, and each year is represented by a 81 animal. For example, 1990 was the year of the Horse, 82 2010 was the year of the Tiger. In Chinese culture, some people believe that a person’s success, personality and marriage are based on the animal of the year in which they were born.
However, the origin of the zodiac signs is based on a legend. Long ago, the Jade Emperor wanted to 83 twelve animals to be his guards. So, all animals on Earth were ordered to take part in a 84 race. The first twelve animals to swim across the fast river would be the winners of the race, and therefore would have a year of the zodiac specially given to 85 .
The Rat came first because he jumped on the back of the Ox to cross the river, and then suddenly jumped down from the Ox and ran to the Emperor’s feet to win first place. As Tiger and Rabbit are both fast and competitive, they both raced to the finish line, with Tiger being faster. Dragons are naturally eye-catching, so the Emperor immediately noticed it, who said his son could be sixth. Immediately after, Snake said Dragon was his adopted father, so he came 86 . Then, as Horse and Goat were both 87 and kind to one another, they let each other go first, so they came seventh and eighth. The ninth animal to finish the race was Monkey, as he jumped between trees and stones to catch up with the other animals after falling behind. Finally, the last three animals to finish the race were the Rooster, Dog and Pig.
Some people wonder 88 the cat isn’t one of the twelve Chinese zodiac animals, and many people believe that the Cat joined the Rat in jumping on the Ox’s back to cross the river, but the Rat pushed it into the water, so it was washed away and didn’t 89 the Emperor in time to get a ranking. No wonder cats and rats are always 90 in our daily lives.
The story is well-known in Chinese culture, and although it’s made up, it’s definitely interesting to learn about and tell your friends and family about!
81．A．clever B．similar C．different D．strong
82．A．or B．so C．while D．after
83．A．raise B．choose C．catch D．hunt
84．A．swimming B．climbing C．jumping D．jogging
85．A．us B．it C．him D．them
86．A．fifth B．sixth C．seventh D．tenth
87．A．wise B．equal C．similar D．modest
88．A．if B．why C．whether D．that
89．A．reach B．thank C．catch D．notice
90．A．runners B．friends C．players D．enemies
【答案】
81．C 82．C 83．B 84．A 85．D 86．B 87．D 88．B 89．A 90．D
【导语】本文主要介绍了中国十二生肖的排列顺序的由来。
81．句意：十二生肖中的每一种都有自己的特点和属性，每年都由不同的动物代表。
clever聪明的；similar相似的；different不同的；strong强壮的。根据下文“For example, 1990 was the year of the Horse... 2010 was the year of the Tiger.”可知，每年是由不同的动物代表，故选C。
82．句意：例如，1990年是马年，而2010年是虎年。
or或者；so所以；while然而；after在……以后。分析句子结构可知，前后表示对比，应用while，故选C。
83．句意：很久以前，玉皇大帝想选择十二只动物作为他的护卫。
raise饲养；choose选择；catch捉住；hunt狩猎。根据下文“So, all animals on Earth were ordered to take part in a...race.”可知，是要选择12只动物作为护卫，故选B。
84．句意：因此，地球上所有的动物都被要求参加一场游泳比赛。
swimming游泳；climbing登山；jumping跳跃；jogging慢跑。根据下文“swim across the fast river”可知是游泳比赛，故选A。
85．句意：前十二只游过湍急河的动物将成为比赛的获胜者，因此将有一年的十二生肖专门授予它们。
us我们；it它；him他；them它们。此处指代“The first twelve animals”，应用them，故选D。
86．句意：紧接着，蛇说龙是他的养父，所以他得了第六名。
fifth第五；sixth第六；seventh第七；tenth第十。根据上文“Dragons are naturally eye-catching, so the Emperor immediately noticed it, who said his son could be sixth.”可知，龙的儿子是第六名，故选B。
87．句意：然后，由于马和山羊彼此谦虚和善良，他们让对方先走，所以他们排在第七和第八位。
wise明智的；equal平等的；similar相似的；modest谦虚的。根据“they let each other go first”可知，马和山羊都很谦虚，故选D。
88．句意：有些人想知道为什么猫不是十二生肖之一。
if是否；why为什么；whether是否；that无实义。根据“wonder”及语境可知，是想知道为什么猫不是十二生肖之一，应用why引导宾语从句，故选B。
89．句意：所以它被冲走了，没有及时到达皇帝那里得到排名。
reach到达；thank谢谢；catch捉住；notice注意。根据“it was washed away”可知，被冲走所以没有及时到达，故选A。
90．句意：难怪猫和老鼠在我们的日常生活中总是敌人。
runners跑步者；friends朋友；players选手；enemies敌人。根据上文“many people believe that the Cat joined the Rat in jumping on the Ox’s back to cross the river, but the Rat pushed it into the water”可知，猫和老鼠是敌人，故选D。
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