专题13 阅读理解五大微技能透视及快读巧解
目录
题型综述 1
解题攻略 2
细节理解题 2
词义猜测题 3
推理判断题 5
主旨大意题…………………………………………………………………………………….7
篇章结构题…………………………………………………………………………………….8
中考练场 10
【题型解读】
考查能力：主要考查学生的综合运用所学英语语言知识的能力，包括细节理解能力、词义判断能力、归纳概括能力及逻辑推理能力等。
命题特点：命题通常会关注文章的主旨大意、细节信息、逻辑结构、词义理解等方面，通过设置不同类型的题目来全面考查学生的阅读理解能力。
【命题规律】
细节理解题
考查对文中具体信息（时间、地点、人物、事件等）的提取能力，占比约 60%，题干多含who/what/when/where/why/how等疑问词。
推理判断题
要求根据上下文逻辑推断隐含信息（如作者意图、事件发展趋势），占比约 20%，常见题干：What can we infer...
词义猜测题
通过上下文线索推测生词含义，常考代词指代或熟词生义，占比约 10%。
主旨归纳题
需总结文章中心思想或段落大意，常出现在首末段，题干关键词：main idea, purpose, best title。
观点态度题
识别作者或文中人物的情感倾向（如支持、反对、中立），需关注形容词、副词及转折词。
【解题技巧】
事实细节题：先看题干，带着问题读文章，跳读查找关键信息，对于涉及数字的题目可进行简单计算，还可结合常识进行推断。
推理判断题：吃透文章意思，在理解上下文的基础上进行合理推断，不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点。
词义猜测题：通过词根、词缀推测生词含义，也可根据上下文的同义、反义、逻辑关系及常识等来推测。
主旨大意题：注重主题句，各段的首尾句，概括大意，揣摩文章中心，掌握主旨和作者意图。
一、 细节理解题。【考点诠释】
细节理解题要求考生对阅读材料中的某一具体事实和细节进行理解。它们大都是根据文章中的具体信息如事实、例证、原因、过程、论述等进行提问的。有些问题可以在文章中直接找到答案，有些则需要我们在理解的基础上将有关内容系统化才能找到，比如计算、排序、是非判断、图形比较等。
做细节理解题时，不必通篇细看原文，而常常可采取“带着问题找答案”的方法.先从问题中抓住关键性词语。然后以此为线索。要快速地辨认和记忆事实或细节，就要恰当地运用略读及查读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此问题相关的段落、语句.仔细品味，对照比较.确定答案。有的细节理解题只要直接辨认不要求读者对客观的事实作出解释或判断，只要求从阅读材料中直接获取信息。同时还要求读者记住重要细节，在必要的时候（做判断、推断或结论的时候）能够准确而迅速地将他们回忆起来。
【典题举隅】
【示例1】
........................
But he didn’t stop there. Liam has another project called Legos (乐高) of Love. People send in their old toys, which are then sorted and given to children who are living at homeless shelters.
One thing is certain: This now 12-year-old knows how to pay it forward (让爱传播出去). His Lunches of Love is an example of how even something as simple as a sandwich can change the world.
7．How did Liam help the children at homeless shelters
A．By raising money for them. B．By making sandwiches for them.
C．By buying old toys for them. D．By creating a project called Legos of Love.
【示例2】
The sweaters didn’t use any chemical materials, not even glue. After the show, students will recycle the wool (羊毛). They can do more things with it. “The art is environmentally friendly, and it makes our city lives warmer and more colorful,” said Xia Xin, one of the knitting artists.
34．Why is the art environmentally friendly
A．Because the plane trees were beautifully dressed.
B．Because the art made the city lives more colorful.
C．Because the art made people feel the coming of spring.
D．Because the sweaters didn’t use any chemical materials and will be recycled.
二、 猜测词义题
【考点诠释】
阅读短文时，常常会遇到一些生词。这时，考生要沉着、冷静，细心思考。首先要把整段、整篇文章看完。
通过对全篇短文的理解，就有可能猜测出生词的大意。另外，还可以从含有生词句子的上下文，以及句子和段落之间的关系来判断、理解生词以求获得其真正含义。猜测生词的另一种方法是，根据构词法推测。遇到生词后，可从构词法角度分析判断生词。例如： inexpensive一词，其中词根expensive的含义是“贵的”。前缀in是“不”的意思，因此可以猜测此词词义为“不贵的，便宜的”。总之，猜词题可以用到以下技巧（1）. 根据文中的解释（2）. 使用逗号、破折号和括号等（3）. 根据同位语或根据同等关系（4）. 根据语义的转折关系（5）. 根据因果关系（6）. 根据构词法知识 （7）. 根据常识，上下文逻辑
【典题举隅】
【示例1】
According to a report from Douyin, the number of fitness videos in 2021 increased by 134 percent, while followers of fitness trainers went up by 208 percent compared with the year before. People often search online for simple exercises that are demonstrated by personal trainers. These trainers do a great job in both teaching and leading people to exercise more.
41．What does the underlined word “demonstrated” in Paragraph 2 mean
A．To build a dream.
B．To give some advice.
C．To show how something is done.
D．To ask questions about something.
【示例2】
The process is simple. Using an app developed by Lee and his team, restaurants report how much leftover food they have each day, and then volunteers collect the food from these restaurants and deliver(投递) it to homeless shelters and food kitchens. In the end, the food will be delivered to those in need. Lee believes this is a very good way of delivery.
36．The underlined word “they” in the fourth paragraph refers to _________.
A．volunteers B．restaurants C．Lee and his team D．people in need
三、 推断题
【考点诠释】
推理是在既有信息的基础上得出合乎文章内容的内涵意义，即某一问题、某一观点没有直接表述，而寓意在文章的字里行间，要求通过文中信息分析推出某种符合作者思想、符合文章逻辑的内涵意义。推断则是指通过对文章进行符合逻辑的综合分析，推出文章未直接陈述的言外之意。推断题推断得正确与否，很大程度上取决于是否能正确把握作者潜隐在字里行间的语气及观点。
（1）事实推断。这种推断常常针对某一个或几个具体细节，是比较简单的推断。进行这种推断，要首先在文章中找出据以推断的有关文字，然后加以分析，尤其要悟出字里行间的意思。
（2）指代推断。确定指代词的含义和指代对象是阅读理解题常见的题目。要确定指代词所指代的对象，关键在于对上下文的正确理解。指代名词的指代词，其单复数形式应与被指代的词一致，因此数的形式可作为识别指代对象的第一个辅助标志。
（3）逻辑推断。这类题目往往是要求根据文章所提供的背景、人物的表情、动作和语言来推断出人物的态度或感受。
（4）对作者的意图和态度的推断。这一类考题大都要求学生就作者对论述对象持什么样的态度做出推断，如作者对所陈述的观点是赞同、反对，还是犹豫不定，对记述或描写的人、物或事件是赞颂、同情、冷漠，还是厌恶。作者的这种思想倾向和感彩不一定直接表述出来，而往往隐含在字里行间。因此，进行这种推断时，我们既要依靠短文的主题思想作为推力的前提，又要注意作者的措辞，尤其是形容词一类的修饰语。总之，只要平时善于积累，并熟练运用上述解题技巧，初中阅读理解题就将不再是难题。
【典题举隅】
【示例1】
So in my opinion, if we think highly of China’s modern wonders, I believe its high-speed rail system must be one of them. And it's one symbol of a new China and a sign of China’s strength (实力) as well.
9．What is Mike’s attitude (态度) to Chinese high-speed rail train
A．He looks down upon it. B．He dislikes it.
C．He thinks highly of it. D．He hates it.
【示例2】
One difference on raising children is at what age and to what extent (程度) they are given freedom outside the home. The government and the people of Norway believe that it is better for children to learn to be independent from a very early age. Almost all children are typically sent to daycare at age one in Norway. ________ when it comes to raising independent children. In fact, it would not be uncommon for a Japanese child to walk or ride a bike or take a public bus to school alone or even to shop at a local store without a parent. On the other hand, in Kenya, children stay with their mothers the whole day.
1．Which of the following can be put into ________ in Paragraph 2
A．Japan has totally different ideas
B．Japan also has their own ideas
C．Japan also has similar ideas
D．Japan also has interesting ideas
四、主旨题
【考点诠释】
文章段落的首句和末句，一般表达文章的主题和段落的中心思想，其他句子只起补充、说明、解释或引申的作用。因此，首先要搜索目标，找出文章及段落中的主题句，了解了它们的含义，就可以顺着提供的主要线索去捕捉文章的相关信息，从而获得解决问题的答案。最有效的办法是找出主题句。主题句一般具有三个特点：
（1）表述的意思通常是总结性的；
（2）句子结构较简单，多数都不采用长、难句的形式；
（3）段落中其他的句子必定是用来解释、支撑或发展主题句所表述的主题思想的。
【典题举隅】
【示例1】
The day was Thankful Thursday. It’s a weekly tradition that my two little girls and I began years ago. We always go out in the world and do charity (慈善) work. Last Thursday, we were going to buy lunch for the beggars (乞丐) in the street. I ordered 15 lunches from McDonald’s (麦当劳) and decided to hand them out.
......................................
.......................................
I don’t know if the woman noticed the tears (泪水) in my eyes. I have questioned many times whether our acts of kindness were too small to make a difference. Yet at that moment, I realized the truth of Mother Teresa’s words: “We cannot do great things—only small things with great love.”
13．What does the article want to tell us
A．It’s difficult to help everyone in need.
B．A small act of kindness means a lot.
C．Each family has its own problems.
【示例2】
“Barbara and I get along so well, ” Golan said. “We have a lot of fun chatting together. I care about her. She's like a new friend.” It might sound crazy hiring a stranger to act as a grandchild. However, these young people are a great help to old people who live alone.
43．What would be the best title for the passage
A．Grandchildren Needed B．More Volunteers Wanted
C．Family Problems Solved D．Papa Advertisement Found
五、篇章结构题
【示例1】
Spatial (空间) learning is an important skill in the animal kingdom. This is because it helps animals find food when it’s not easily available. Insects such as bees and ants are known to do this.
A recent study has found that the butterfly also has ability of spatial learning. This butterfly comes from South and Central America. And it’s known for different types of wing patterns.
In the study, the research team carried out spatial learning experiments on butterflies under three different spatial conditions. First, they tested the insect’s ability to learn the location of real food in a 1-square-meter space made up of 16 fake (假的) flowers. This test represented (代表) searching for food in a single area.
And they tested if the butterflies could learn to connect food with either the left or right side of a 3-square-meter two-armed maze (迷宫), representing many plants at a single place.
The team then increased the distances again. They used large outdoor cages (笼子) to test if the butterflies could learn the location of food in a 60-meter-wide maze. This maze looks like the letter T. This test represented searching for food in the wild. This was closer to the conditions in which the insect finds food in the wild.
The experiments on butterflies show signs of spatial learning-they can remember the spatial location of their food. In the future studies, the team plans to test if they are better at spatial learning than closely-related species (近亲物种).
25．What’s the structure (结构) of the passage (P=Paragraph)
A． B． C． D．
【示例2】
Where is the world’s best high-speed rail system In China! High-speed railway, which has developed quickly in recent years, has become a famous name card of China.
In the past ten years, China’s high-speed rail network (高速铁路网) has grown from under 10, 000 kilometers to over 40, 000 kilometers, making it the world’s longest high-speed rail network, long enough to circle the entire equator (整个赤道).
From the old-style green trains to the Fuxing high-speed trains, China’s high-speed railways have developed quickly and brought us closer to our hometown villages. In 2016, the Shanghai-Kunming High-speed Railway opened to traffic. The distances between nearly 340 traditional villages and high-speed railway stations have been reduced to less than one hour, while most of them were more than three hours away from the stations before the railway opened.
With China’s high-speed trains becoming faster and faster, people can save more travel time. For example, you can leave from Beijing in the morning to take part in a meeting in Shanghai at noon. Then, you can arrive at Hangzhou in the afternoon, enjoying the beauty of the West Lake. In the evening, you can return to Beijing safely.
China’s high-speed railway has already gone to the world. In 2014, An-Yi high-speed rail, the first high-speed railway built by Chinese companies overseas (在海外), was finished and opened to traffic. In 2023, the Jakarta-Bandung high-speed railway, jointly built by China and Indonesia, can cut travel time between the two cities from more than 3 hours to 40 minutes.
China’s high-speed railways cross rivers and mountains, connect home and abroad, and see the changes over time. From nothing, we are a leader in this industry now. As a name card of China, China’s high-speed railway has amazed the world!
30．What is the best structure (结构) for the text
A． B． C． D．
【模拟练】
Passage 1
（2025·江苏宿迁·一模）
One day in November 1647, Jacob Armitage hurried through the New Forest to the house of Arnwood.
“You must leave this house right away,” he said to Edward Beverley. “Come with me to pack (打包) your things. You must come to my home and stay there.”
“But why ” Edward asked the old man. “Why ”
“The King has escaped (逃走) from the prison at Hampton Court,” Jacob explained. “He’s riding south through the forest, and Cromwell’s soldiers (士兵) are searching for him. And I’ve just heard a group of soldiers in the forest talking about Arnwood. They know that your father was the King’s friend, and they’re planning to burn Arnwood tonight, because they think the King is hiding here.”
“Burn Arnwood! They can’t do that! It’s my house, and I’m staying here!” Edward said angrily. He was fourteen years old, the oldest of the four Beverley children.
The Beverley children lived alone at Arnwood, with an old woman who did the cooking and all the work of the house. Their father, Colonel Beverley, was killed when fighting for King Charles I at Naseby in 1645. Before he left home, he asked Jacob, a poor forester who lived near Arnwood, to look after his family. Jacob knew the family well and was happy to do this. And when the children’s mother died a few months later, Jacob came every day to visit the children and to help them.
“My dear boy,” Jacob said, “remember your sisters and brother. The soldiers will shoot (射击) them or burn them in the house. No, no, all of you must come with me.”
In the end, Edward agreed. He and his brother Humphrey, who was twelve, packed their things. Then they put them on Jacob’s horse, White Billy, who was waiting outside.
Jacob told Alice, who was eleven, and Edith, who was eight, that they were going to visit his home in the forest. He did not tell them about the soldiers.
“Edward, here is my key,” said Jacob quietly. “Lock the door of the house and take my gun from the wall. Don’t leave your brother and sisters. I’ll help the cook to pack her things, and then I’ll follow you.”
The four children left the big house and went into the forest with White Billy. It was five o’clock in the afternoon, and already dark. Jacob helped the cook, who hurried away to her family in Lymington, and then he hid in the trees near the house, and waited.
After a while, he heard horses and soldiers arrived. Soon, they were in the gardens and all round the house. A few minutes later, Jacob saw black smoke going up into the sky and then he saw flames (火焰) at the windows. ________
“It is done,” thought Jacob, and he hurried away into the forest. Half an hour later, he arrived at his small house. He looked back and saw the flames of Arnwood shooting higher and higher above the trees.
—Adapted from The Children of the New Forest
8．What do we know about Jacob
A．He used to be a friend of the King’s. B．He helped search for the King in the forest.
C．He would try to fight to protect Edward’s father. D．He was a true friend of Edward’s father’s.
9．Which is the correct order of what happened in the story
①Edward lost his father.
②Edward’s house was burnt.
③Colonel asked Jacob to take care of his family.
④Edward went into the forest with his brother and sisters.
A．③①④② B．①②④③ C．①②③④ D．④②③①
10．Which sentence can be put in
A．The house was his! B．Arnwood was burning!
C．Where were the children D．The children found their way out at last.
11．What can we infer from the story
A．Edward’s sisters were unwilling to visit Jacob’s home.
B．Edward would build a new house with a big garden.
C．The King wanted to hide in Edward’s house.
D．Jacob was a kind and helpful man.
Passage 2
（2025·江苏南通·一模） Welcome to the Dragon Boat Camp
Do you want to try dragon boat racing We have the camp you’re looking for! The Dragon Boat Camp is suitable for students of all levels, aged over 13. A group of experienced coaches will share their best skills with you. After training, you will take part in the dragon boat race on the last day of the camp!
Period: From July 15 to 21.
Location: In Xixi Park, by the Jiulong River.
Cost: ￥400 per person. If you have a group of three or more, each of you can have 10% off.
We will offer you: ☆A welcome party on the evening of July 15. ☆Dragon boat training courses twice a day from July 16 to 19. ☆Daily video analysis (分析). ☆Two camp T-shirts per person.
For a trial class (体验课): Call Mr. Han at 18250209161. For more information: Visit www..cn or come to the office at No.137, Hepan Road.
16．When will the students take part in the dragon boat race
A．On July 16. B．On July 18. C．On July 21. D．On July 24.
17．Jack, Sam, May and Peter want to join the camp. How much should they pay in total
A．￥1200. B．￥1240. C．￥1400. D．￥1440.
18．After reading the text, it is most probably a ________.
A．notice B．poster C．story D．letter
Passage 3
（2025·江苏常州·一模）Today, many people use AI tools in daily life. Some find AI helpful, while others think it can be risky. Is AI good for society Two students share their thoughts below.
Robert: Yes!
I think AI is great. It is useful in many fields, such as education and robotics. If we have a question, and our parents don’t know the answer, we can now ask AI. It doesn’t only give us the answer, but can help us solve the problem step by step. This is a great way to learn.
AI can also help us collect and process data, design artworks, and do many other things. For example, AI can study lots of medical information to help doctors diagnose diseases, create personal treatments, and find new medicine. It improves patient care and lowers healthcare costs. It opens up new paths for work and creativity. AI has also given us plenty of useful websites, fun new apps and games.
Mary: No!
AI can answer many questions, but sometimes it makes up incorrect information. It can be hard to tell what is true and what is not.
Some AI bots can create pictures, but they mix pictures from different artists to do this. This is stealing and not cool. Not having enough rules and watchdogs for AI development puts the world at risk.
Besides, students may use AI to cheat (作弊) on their homework. If they keep doing this, they may stop thinking for themselves and depend too much on AI. Thinking for yourself is important, because you need to know how to solve problems. Your brain is like a muscle (肌肉). The more you use it, the stronger it gets.
Training big AI models requires a lot of computing power, which uses a lot of energy and causes pollution.
8．According to Robert, what can’t AI do in the medical field
A．Diagnose diseases. B．Lower healthcare costs.
C．Design treatments for each person. D．Design artworks.
9．Which of the following is one of the reasons that Mary says “no” to AI
A．AI needs lots of computing power and is too expensive. B．AI is not useful in education.
C．AI may lead to lots of dependency on it among people. D．AI is only good for creating pictures.
10．What is the main purpose of the passage
A．To explain how AI works. B．To show different ideas on AI.
C．To argue that AI is more harmful than helpful. D．To promote (促进) the use of AI in education.
Passage 4
（2025·江苏常州·一模）The lion dance is a traditional Chinese performance art with a rich history. It is performed during festivals, celebrations, and important events, such as weddings, business openings and especially Chinese New Year. People believe it brings good luck and keeps away from bad spirits. It creates a festival atmosphere and brings happiness.
Two artists wear a lion costume to perform (表演) the dance. One plays the head and front legs. The other plays the back and hind legs. The pair work together to do many difficult movements during the performance. They need to practice kung fu to do their job well.
The lion dance was being performed as early as the Han Dynasty. No one knows exactly how it started. Some say it had to do with war. One day, an emperor dreamed of a strange animal after a fight. It was fierce but didn’t look like a tiger. The emperor wanted eagerly to know what it was. The next day, his advisors told him that this animal was a lion. The emperor thought that it was a gift from heaven.
Then, he asked people to make this animal out of paper, cloth and bamboo. The “lion models” were used in future fights to encourage soldiers (战士). Later it became a form of art. The lion became a symbol of power, courage, and wisdom in Chinese culture.
The lion dance takes two forms. One is performed in the north and the other in the south. The northern lion looks more real, while the southern lion looks more like a dragon. The northern lion pays more attention to the leg movements, while the southern lion moves head dramatically with the rhythm of drums and gongs (锣). Both types show the power and wisdom of Chinese culture.
11．Why do the performers of lion dance need to practice kung fu
A．To fight in future wars. B．To perform difficult movements.
C．To scare away bad spirits. D．To create a festival atmosphere and bring happiness.
12．Which of the following is true according to the passage
A．To perform the lion dance, three artists are needed to work together.
B．The emperor created the “lion models” to help achieve victory in the war.
C．No one knows when the lion dance was first performed.
D．The northern and the southern lions have different cultural meanings.
13．What can be inferred (推断) about the emperor’s dream
A．The dream was about a tiger. B．The dream was a sign of bad luck.
C．The dream led to the creation of the lion dance. D．The dream was forgotten by the emperor soon.
14．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage
A．The History of Chinese Festivals
B．The Art of Kung Fu in Performances
C．The Lion Dance—a Symbol of Chinese Culture
D．The Differences Between the Northern and Southern Lion Dance
Passage 5
（2024·江苏扬州·二模）Personally, there is nothing I love more than asking “stupid” questions, especially the ones that have no right answers. I remember once asking some kids what time it was, at home, in Singapore, and finally on the Moon. After a long silence, finally a shy girl ventured (试探地说) to say that it was “every time” followed by an energetic Einstein who shouted it was “no time”. Both kids shared that week’s Noble Prize because no humans live in that faraway world and time is created by humans.
As a matter of fact, we are all good at asking questions by nature, but sadly as we age, we get used to the world around us and take things for granted. We became more results-oriented (注重结果的) and concentrate our efforts on success. If something is working, don’t fix it or worry about the cause; just relax and go with the mon belief may work well, but that does not mean it is always right. Throughout history, it has been those who have questioned common belief and those who have challenged our common-sense ideas of the world that have been the ones to have brought about major progress in human civilization.
In 500 BC, the ancient Greeks wondered whether the Earth was round because sailors on the sea had noticed that the farther south they went, the more different stars they saw in the sky. Why was the sky changing Nearly 2,000 years later, the Italian astronomer Galileo Galilei became interested in this question and ended up demonstrating the “crazy” concept of heliocentrism (日心说), in which the Sun lies at the center of the universe while the Earth circles around it at 30 kilometers per second. But if the Earth is spinning around so quickly, why aren’t we being thrown off of the surface of the planet The answer to this question would not be clear for another century.
People like routine, but past performance is no guarantee of future results. While those who challenge common belief tend to be subjected to abuse, the progress of humankind would have otherwise been impossible without these persistent people and their “stupid” questions.
13．What commonly happens to us when we grow older according to the author
A．We focus too much on process.
B．We still refuse to relax and go with the flow.
C．We start to challenge common-sense ideas of the world.
D．We gradually lose the ability to question common belief.
14．What’s the correct order of the following statements
a. The ancient Greeks wondered whether the Earth was round.
b. Galileo Galilei raised the concept of heliocentrism.
c. We know about the concept of gravity.
d. Sailors noticed something special.
A．adcb B．adbc C．dabc D．dacb
15．Who might have solved the question “why aren’t we being thrown off of the surface of the planet ”
A．An ancient Greek scientist living in 500 BC．
B．Galileo Galilei living between 1564 and 1642.
C．Isaac Newton living between 1643 and 1727.
D．Albert Einstein living between 1879 and 1955.
16．How does the author develop his writing on the whole
A．By comparison and contrast B．By using supporting examples.
C．By using time and space order. D．By generalization and definition.
【真题练】
（2024·江苏镇江·中考真题）I have lived in China for six years, but still think the country is mysterious. So I made up my mind to go on a 3-month cycling journey to discover more.
My cycling journey was very safe in China because I never had a moment in which I felt I was in danger. Wherever I went, there was always phone signal, and even WeChat pay.
The beauty of nature was also fantastic. It simply took my breath away when I cycled on the way. With thick forests, blue lakes and green hills, there was so much to see.
The food was another highlight of my journey. I got to taste local food in every place I went. My favourite was the spicy food in Sichuan. No matter how much I ate, I never got sick of having different Chinese foods. There were so many different choices.
In addition, cycling in China cost less than I thought. I could even save some money during the trip to support a local charity.
The best part was about people. I met people from different ethnic minorities (少数民族) across China and I was even invited to attend a wedding by Tibetan girls. The wedding was amazing, full of dancing, laughter and fun. One time I me t a group of Chinese men who were also travelling, but by motorcycle. They invited me to stay with them in the mountains. We cooked fish that we caught from the lake together. It felt like true freedom from the busy feeling of daily life. Another example was impressive. When I met a group of cyclists in their 60s, they cycled better than me. It really encouraged me to push myself and go farther every day. Also, an experienced cyclist saved me when I got a flat tire (爆胎). He helped fix my tire.
By the end of my journey, I wanted to keep going. I felt like I could do it forever. It was truly an experience I will never forget. If anyone wants to explore in China, I would highly recommend going by bicycle.
1．What does the writer talk about in Paragraph 3
A．Personal safety. B．Different foods. C．Natural beauty. D．Cheap cost.
2．The underlined word “It” in Paragraph 6 refers to (指代) “________”.
A．Tibetan girls inviting the writer to a wedding
B．cyclists in their 60s cycling better than the writer
C．a group of Chinese men catching fish with the writer
D．an experienced cyclist helping the writer to fix a flat tire
3．What is the best title for the passage
A．What a Pleasant Picnic! B．What Great People!
C．What an Amazing Journey! D．What a Lucky Day!
（2024·江苏盐城·中考真题）It was half past seven on Monday morning: time to get ready for school. Jay Stone rolled out of bed. He did a couple of quick wake-up exercises and then he went over to his mirror (镜子) and looked at himself.
“Not bad, Stone, not bad,” he said to himself and smiled. Maybe he wasn’t ready for Hollywood, but with his dark brown eyes and his thick brown hair, he had the looks that turned girls’ heads. He moved closer to the mirror and smiled, checking his teeth.
“Perfect,” he thought. “Good enough for a toothpaste ad.”
As his eyes moved down to his strong arms, he smiled again. The hours he spent in the gym and doing sit-ups have paid off.
But suddenly, the smile froze. His eyes moved from the upper part of his body down to his legs. His legs were short. Not just short, but far too short for his body. He had the upper body of a six-footer, but because of his legs he was much less than six feet! Six inches less! Sitting, he was as tall as almost anyone. Standing, he had to look up at most of the boys and even many of the girls.
Why didn’t his legs grow with the rest of his body He was one of the shortest boys in his class. He was the shortest in his own family, he was even shorter than his “little” sister—by three inches! Where did his legs come from
He certainly didn’t get them from his parents. They were both quite tall. Looking through old family photos, he found the answer. It was his grandfather on his mother’s side. His short legs were a gift from Grandpa Tuttle.
Thanks a lot, Grandpa!
Of course, the kids at school all noticed Jay’s short legs and they had a nickname (外号) for him: Stubs! Almost no one called him by his real name; they all called him Stubs. Stubs Stone, Jay didn’t like his nickname, but he had to accept it. He had no choice.
But Jay couldn’t see in the mirror what his legs could do. They were quick and strong. He was the youngest player on the Brewer High football team. He could run faster than anyone else in the team and, like a rabbit, he kept going and going. Even at basketball, where the other players were much taller than him, they were still afraid of him because of his speed.
Jay shook his head. “Stubs, Stubs Stone, the kid with stubby legs. Yeah, that’s me,” he said to himself with a little smile. Suddenly, he heard his mother’s voice.
“Jay! It’s breakfast time!”
4．What did Jay do after he got up on the Monday morning
A．He did some housework. B．He took some family photos.
C．He watched TV for some time. D．He did some wake-up exercises.
5．What can we learn about Jay in paragraphs 2—4
A．He was satisfied with his looks. B．He wanted to be a film actor.
C．He once played a role in an ad. D．He found it useless to do sit-ups.
6．What does the underlined word “froze” probably mean in paragraph 5
A．Spread. B．Stopped. C．Continued. D．Returned.
7．Which of the following best describes Jay
A．Strict and serious. B．Clever and helpful.
C．Funny and confident. D．Patient and hard-working.
8．What does the writer mainly want to tell in the passage
A．Teenagers like to play tricks on each other.
B．Teenagers should have dreams in their hearts.
C．People’s legs usually grow with other body parts.
D．People can turn their weak points into advantages.
（2024·江苏南通·中考真题）
NOTICES
Computer problems An IT engineer will solve problems with computers for free every Monday. Phone “the Computer Doctor” now on 09651 378156.
Sherry, 3 years old, male Lost in Sunshine Central Park on Saturday 15th June $500 for safe return 09651 371822 Do you enjoy making things Come and join us! Make a hat this Sunday (June 23)! Time: 2:00-4:00 p.m. Place: Room 205 Flat A Price for materials: $2 a hat SUNSHINE DIY CLUB
ROBOT RESTAURANTOpens on 29 June Lunch served: 12:30-2:30 p.m. Dinner served: 6:30-9:30 p.m. Starters: Tomato soup/French onion soup/Potato salad/Chicken salad 3$ Snacks (lunchtime only): Cookie/Tomato sandwich 3$ Main courses: German sausage and chips/Italian cheese/Thai chicken and rice 6$ Drinks: Mineral water/Fresh orange juice/English tea/Irish cream coffee 1$ SUNSHINE COMMUNITY CENTER June 17
1．You can find the noticeboard in ________.
A．Sunshine DIY Club B．a community centre
C．Sunshine Central Park D．a computer company
2．If Jack has 10$ for dinner in the robot restaurant, he can order _________.
A．Thai chicken and rice, Tomato soup and Irish cream coffee
B．German sausage and chips, French onion soup and Cookie
C．Tomato sandwich, Italian cheese and Fresh orange juice
D．Chicken salad, Potato salad, Italian cheese and English tea
3．From the noticeboard above, we know that _________.
A．the owner spent 500 $ buying Sherry on Saturday
B．a robot cooks some dishes in the robot restaurant
C．a broken computer can be fixed for free on June 24
D．2$ should be paid to make two hats in the DIY club
（2024·江苏淮安·中考真题）
Join Us!Different clubs make our school life colorful. Which one would you like to join Volunteer ClubWe are going to visit the old people’s home this Saturday. We will do some cleaning for the old and make dumplings with them. Let’s meet at 9:00 a. m. at the school gate. We will take the bus there and return at 4:00 p. m. Call 379516 to join us. Basketball ClubCan you play basketball Do you want to learn different basketball skills Do you want to enjoy exciting matches Our club opens at 4:00 p. m. every Tuesday. Remember to wear sports shoes. Call 543715 if you are interested. Hiking ClubWe are going to the countryside for a hike this Sunday. We can enjoy the beauty of nature and have a picnic there. We will come back at 3:30 p. m. Let’s meet at the school gate at 8:00 a. m. Call 592873 if you want to join us. DIY ClubIf you are a DIY lover, come and join us! Here you can make, repair and decorate things yourselves. You’ll have lots of fun here. The club is open from 2:00 p. m. to 5:30 p. m. every Monday. Call 593782 for more information.
4．Amy, a member of Volunteer Club, will get to the old people’s home ________.
A．by bus B．by plane C．by train D．on foot
5．If Tony joins Basketball Club, he can go there __________.
A．at weekends B．every Monday C．every day D．every Tuesday
6．John wants to have a picnic at weekends. He can join __________.
A．Volunteer Club B．Basketball Club C．Hiking Club D．DIY Club
7．You can call __________ to know more about DIY Club.
A．592873 B．543715 C．379516 D．593782
8．Where can you most probably find the poster
A．In a restaurant. B．In a school. C．In a hotel. D．In a supermarket.
（2024·江苏无锡·中考真题）
A theory of emotion Two scientists called Stanley Schachter and Jerome Singer developed the two-factor theory of emotion in 1962. They said that emotions are formed in two parts. First, the body has a physical response to a threat and then the mind considers the physical response as an emotion, which is then felt by the person. For example, imagine you are walking through a forest and you see a bear. Seeing it would probably start a physical response, such as your heart beating very fast and sweat breaking out. Your mind then decides that this is fear, which you feel as an emotion.
A new study has suggested that the key to reducing feelings of anger is not venting (letting the angry emotions out) but doing calming activities such as yoga or meditation.
The study was published in March by Sophie Kjaervik and Brad Bushman from Ohio State University in the US. They wanted to explore the popular theory that venting (expressing) anger is a good way of reducing it. Examples of venting anger include shouting or hitting something like a cushion, so that you let go of the emotion and therefore don’t feel it any more. The pair looked at 154 other studies on anger. These involved 10, 189 people, and included a variety of ages and backgrounds. In their study, Kjaervik and Bushman define anger as “an emotional response (反应) to a real or imagined threat (威胁)”. They used a theory of emotion (情绪假说) that says emotions are partly felt in your body and partly in your mind.
The scientists looked at the other studies to see how different activities influenced anger. They found that activities such as running or boxing—which are often thought to be good for dealing with anger—weren’t very good at reducing it. In fact, some of these activities actually made it worse because they increased physical responses in the body that are linked to feeling angry. For example, they made people’s hearts beat faster. However, activities that decreased physical responses in the body did help to reduce feelings of anger. These included activities that slow the heart rate, such as deep breathing, meditation and yoga. Bushman says activities that increase physical responses may be good for heart health but are “definitely not the best way to reduce anger”.
The team found jogging was most likely to increase anger. However, some heart-rate increasing activities—like ball games and team sports—could reduce anger.
1．What is the main finding of the new study
A．A new method of venting anger. B．A new method of reducing anger.
C．Good activities to vent anger. D．Good activities to reduce anger.
2．What can we learn about calming activities
A．They can reduce feelings of anger. B．They can increase the heart rate.
C．They are good for mind health. D．They are good for heart health.
3．According to Schachter and Singer’s theory, what happens first if you see a snake and feel afraid
A．You get the feeling of fear. B．You get the feeling of calm.
C．Your heart beats fast. D．Your heart beats slowly.
4．The following sentence can best be put at the end of ________.
They think this shows that fun or playful activities help to reduce negative feelings.
A．Paragraph 1 B．Paragraph 2 C．Paragraph 3 D．Paragraph 4
（2024·江苏苏州·中考真题）China has become the world’s largest producer and market of EVs (电车). According to a report, 9.58 million Chinese-made EVs were produced and 9.49 million were sold in 2023. Among the total sales, 1.2 million EVs were exported (出口).
The Chinese government has been encouraging EVs as part of its effort for green, high-quality development. As a result, China’s EV industry develops very quickly. At Auto (汽车) China 2004, BYD was the only company showing EVs there. At Auto China 2024, there were 278 different EV models on show, including BYD, SAIC, Geely, Li Auto, Nio, Xpeng and other brands (品牌).
China’s EV industry is now facing both challenges and chances. It’s reported that 71% of EV brands cut prices in 2023. EV makers without the ability of innovation (创新) will face growing risks. In order to be both green and smart, Chinese EV makers are trying hard to improve technologies like battery qualities and AI support. At the same time, the government is adding even more charging points (充电站). On the other hand, more Chinese people are aware of the environmental problems. It is encouraging more buyers to choose EVs.
EVs are the way of the future. In an ideal world, everyone benefits from innovation and green transport. Some might get there sooner than others, and will gain greater rewards. It is very likely that China will hold the lead.
5．How many Chinese-made EVs were sold in China in 2023
A．8.38 million. B．9.49 million. C．9.58 million. D．8.29 million.
6．What is the purpose of Paragraph 2
A．To introduce different EV brands in China. B．To give some information about Auto China.
C．To show the development of China’s EV industry. D．To advise people to buy Chinese-made EVs.
7．EV makers can most probably reduce growing risks by ______.
A．improving innovation ability B．winning the government’s support
C．adding more charging points D．dealing with environmental problems
8．What’s the writer’s attitude (态度) towards the future of China’s EV industry
A．Uncertain. B．Hopeful. C．Doubtful. D．Worried.
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)专题13 阅读理解五大微技能透视及快读巧解
目录
题型综述 1
解题攻略 2
细节理解题 2
词义猜测题 3
推理判断题 5
主旨大意题…………………………………………………………………………………….7
篇章结构题…………………………………………………………………………………….8
中考练场 10
【题型解读】
考查能力：主要考查学生的综合运用所学英语语言知识的能力，包括细节理解能力、词义判断能力、归纳概括能力及逻辑推理能力等。
命题特点：命题通常会关注文章的主旨大意、细节信息、逻辑结构、词义理解等方面，通过设置不同类型的题目来全面考查学生的阅读理解能力。
【命题规律】
细节理解题
考查对文中具体信息（时间、地点、人物、事件等）的提取能力，占比约 60%，题干多含who/what/when/where/why/how等疑问词。
推理判断题
要求根据上下文逻辑推断隐含信息（如作者意图、事件发展趋势），占比约 20%，常见题干：What can we infer...
词义猜测题
通过上下文线索推测生词含义，常考代词指代或熟词生义，占比约 10%。
主旨归纳题
需总结文章中心思想或段落大意，常出现在首末段，题干关键词：main idea, purpose, best title。
观点态度题
识别作者或文中人物的情感倾向（如支持、反对、中立），需关注形容词、副词及转折词。
【解题技巧】
事实细节题：先看题干，带着问题读文章，跳读查找关键信息，对于涉及数字的题目可进行简单计算，还可结合常识进行推断。
推理判断题：吃透文章意思，在理解上下文的基础上进行合理推断，不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点。
词义猜测题：通过词根、词缀推测生词含义，也可根据上下文的同义、反义、逻辑关系及常识等来推测。
主旨大意题：注重主题句，各段的首尾句，概括大意，揣摩文章中心，掌握主旨和作者意图。
一、 细节理解题。
【考点诠释】
细节理解题要求考生对阅读材料中的某一具体事实和细节进行理解。它们大都是根据文章中的具体信息如事实、例证、原因、过程、论述等进行提问的。有些问题可以在文章中直接找到答案，有些则需要我们在理解的基础上将有关内容系统化才能找到，比如计算、排序、是非判断、图形比较等。
做细节理解题时，不必通篇细看原文，而常常可采取“带着问题找答案”的方法.先从问题中抓住关键性词语。然后以此为线索。要快速地辨认和记忆事实或细节，就要恰当地运用略读及查读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此问题相关的段落、语句.仔细品味，对照比较.确定答案。有的细节理解题只要直接辨认不要求读者对客观的事实作出解释或判断，只要求从阅读材料中直接获取信息。同时还要求读者记住重要细节，在必要的时候（做判断、推断或结论的时候）能够准确而迅速地将他们回忆起来。
【典题举隅】
【示例1】
........................
But he didn’t stop there. Liam has another project called Legos (乐高) of Love. People send in their old toys, which are then sorted and given to children who are living at homeless shelters.
One thing is certain: This now 12-year-old knows how to pay it forward (让爱传播出去). His Lunches of Love is an example of how even something as simple as a sandwich can change the world.
7．How did Liam help the children at homeless shelters
A．By raising money for them. B．By making sandwiches for them.
C．By buying old toys for them. D．By creating a project called Legos of Love.
【答案】7．D
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。主要记叙了美国孩子Liam Hannon在暑假做爱心午餐等其它事情，帮助那些饥饿的人们的故事。
7．细节理解题。根据文中“Liam has another project called Legos (乐高) of Love. People send in their old toys, which are then sorted and given to children who are living at homeless shelters.”可知，Liam通过创建一个叫做爱的乐高的项目来帮助那些无家可归的孩子们。故选D。
【示例2】
The sweaters didn’t use any chemical materials, not even glue. After the show, students will recycle the wool (羊毛). They can do more things with it. “The art is environmentally friendly, and it makes our city lives warmer and more colorful,” said Xia Xin, one of the knitting artists.
34．Why is the art environmentally friendly
A．Because the plane trees were beautifully dressed.
B．Because the art made the city lives more colorful.
C．Because the art made people feel the coming of spring.
D．Because the sweaters didn’t use any chemical materials and will be recycled.
【答案】D
【导语】本文主要讲述了南京外国语学校学生设计了梧桐树的毛衣，为南京带来了更多的温暖。
【解析】细节理解题。根据“The sweaters didn’t use any chemical materials, not even glue. After the show, students will recycle the wool (羊毛). They can do more things with it.”可知，因为毛衣没有使用任何化学材料，将被回收利用。故选D。
二、 猜测词义题
【考点诠释】
阅读短文时，常常会遇到一些生词。这时，考生要沉着、冷静，细心思考。首先要把整段、整篇文章看完。
通过对全篇短文的理解，就有可能猜测出生词的大意。另外，还可以从含有生词句子的上下文，以及句子和段落之间的关系来判断、理解生词以求获得其真正含义。猜测生词的另一种方法是，根据构词法推测。遇到生词后，可从构词法角度分析判断生词。例如： inexpensive一词，其中词根expensive的含义是“贵的”。前缀in是“不”的意思，因此可以猜测此词词义为“不贵的，便宜的”。总之，猜词题可以用到以下技巧（1）. 根据文中的解释（2）. 使用逗号、破折号和括号等（3）. 根据同位语或根据同等关系（4）. 根据语义的转折关系（5）. 根据因果关系（6）. 根据构词法知识 （7）. 根据常识，上下文逻辑
【典题举隅】
【示例1】
According to a report from Douyin, the number of fitness videos in 2021 increased by 134 percent, while followers of fitness trainers went up by 208 percent compared with the year before. People often search online for simple exercises that are demonstrated by personal trainers. These trainers do a great job in both teaching and leading people to exercise more.
41．What does the underlined word “demonstrated” in Paragraph 2 mean
A．To build a dream.
B．To give some advice.
C．To show how something is done.
D．To ask questions about something.
【答案】C
【导语】 本文主要讲述了人们越来越热衷于网上健身。
【解析】词义猜测题。根据that引导的定语从句修饰先行词simple exercises结合后文“These trainers do a great job in both teaching and leading people to exercise more.”可知，是培训师演示的简单锻炼，因此demonstrated意为“To show how something is done.”，故选C。
【示例2】
The process is simple. Using an app developed by Lee and his team, restaurants report how much leftover food they have each day, and then volunteers collect the food from these restaurants and deliver(投递) it to homeless shelters and food kitchens. In the end, the food will be delivered to those in need. Lee believes this is a very good way of delivery.
36．The underlined word “they” in the fourth paragraph refers to _________.
A．volunteers B．restaurants C．Lee and his team D．people in need
【答案】36．B
36．词义猜测题。根据“Using an app developed by Lee and his team, restaurants report how much leftover food they have each day”可知，用这个应用程序，餐厅可以报告每天它们有多少剩下的食物，所以they指代“restaurants”，故选B。
三、 推断题
【考点诠释】
推理是在既有信息的基础上得出合乎文章内容的内涵意义，即某一问题、某一观点没有直接表述，而寓意在文章的字里行间，要求通过文中信息分析推出某种符合作者思想、符合文章逻辑的内涵意义。推断则是指通过对文章进行符合逻辑的综合分析，推出文章未直接陈述的言外之意。推断题推断得正确与否，很大程度上取决于是否能正确把握作者潜隐在字里行间的语气及观点。
（1）事实推断。这种推断常常针对某一个或几个具体细节，是比较简单的推断。进行这种推断，要首先在文章中找出据以推断的有关文字，然后加以分析，尤其要悟出字里行间的意思。
（2）指代推断。确定指代词的含义和指代对象是阅读理解题常见的题目。要确定指代词所指代的对象，关键在于对上下文的正确理解。指代名词的指代词，其单复数形式应与被指代的词一致，因此数的形式可作为识别指代对象的第一个辅助标志。
（3）逻辑推断。这类题目往往是要求根据文章所提供的背景、人物的表情、动作和语言来推断出人物的态度或感受。
（4）对作者的意图和态度的推断。这一类考题大都要求学生就作者对论述对象持什么样的态度做出推断，如作者对所陈述的观点是赞同、反对，还是犹豫不定，对记述或描写的人、物或事件是赞颂、同情、冷漠，还是厌恶。作者的这种思想倾向和感彩不一定直接表述出来，而往往隐含在字里行间。因此，进行这种推断时，我们既要依靠短文的主题思想作为推力的前提，又要注意作者的措辞，尤其是形容词一类的修饰语。总之，只要平时善于积累，并熟练运用上述解题技巧，初中阅读理解题就将不再是难题。
【典题举隅】
【示例1】
So in my opinion, if we think highly of China’s modern wonders, I believe its high-speed rail system must be one of them. And it's one symbol of a new China and a sign of China’s strength (实力) as well.
9．What is Mike’s attitude (态度) to Chinese high-speed rail train
A．He looks down upon it. B．He dislikes it.
C．He thinks highly of it. D．He hates it.
【答案】 9．C
【分析】作者通过自己从北京到天津出差经历，高度赞扬了中国先进的高铁系统。
9．观点态度题。根据文章最后一段“So in my opinion, if we think highly of China’s modern wonders, I believe its high-speed rail system must be one of them. And it's one symbol of a new China and a sign of China’s strength (实力) as well.”可知，在Mike看来，高铁系统是新中国的标志之一。所以，Mike的观点是高度赞扬了中国的高铁。故选C。
【示例2】
One difference on raising children is at what age and to what extent (程度) they are given freedom outside the home. The government and the people of Norway believe that it is better for children to learn to be independent from a very early age. Almost all children are typically sent to daycare at age one in Norway. ________ when it comes to raising independent children. In fact, it would not be uncommon for a Japanese child to walk or ride a bike or take a public bus to school alone or even to shop at a local store without a parent. On the other hand, in Kenya, children stay with their mothers the whole day.
1．Which of the following can be put into ________ in Paragraph 2
A．Japan has totally different ideas
B．Japan also has their own ideas
C．Japan also has similar ideas
D．Japan also has interesting ideas
【答案】C
【导语】本文主要讨论了父母在孩子生活中应该扮演的角色以及不同文化对于孩子教育的方式。
【解析】推理判断题。根据“The government and the people of Norway believe that it is better for children to learn to be independent from a very early age”可知，挪威政府和人民认为，儿童
最好从小就学会独立。根据“when it comes to raising independent children. In fact, it would not be uncommon for a Japanese child to walk or ride a bike or take a public bus to school alone or even to shop at a local store without a parent.”可知，事实上，日本孩子独自步行、骑自行车或乘坐公共巴士上学，甚至在没有父母的情况下在当地商店购物。所以挪威和日本有相似的理念。故选C。
四、主旨题
【考点诠释】
文章段落的首句和末句，一般表达文章的主题和段落的中心思想，其他句子只起补充、说明、解释或引申的作用。因此，首先要搜索目标，找出文章及段落中的主题句，了解了它们的含义，就可以顺着提供的主要线索去捕捉文章的相关信息，从而获得解决问题的答案。最有效的办法是找出主题句。主题句一般具有三个特点：
（1）表述的意思通常是总结性的；
（2）句子结构较简单，多数都不采用长、难句的形式；
（3）段落中其他的句子必定是用来解释、支撑或发展主题句所表述的主题思想的。
【典题举隅】
【示例1】
The day was Thankful Thursday. It’s a weekly tradition that my two little girls and I began years ago. We always go out in the world and do charity (慈善) work. Last Thursday, we were going to buy lunch for the beggars (乞丐) in the street. I ordered 15 lunches from McDonald’s (麦当劳) and decided to hand them out.
......................................
.......................................
I don’t know if the woman noticed the tears (泪水) in my eyes. I have questioned many times whether our acts of kindness were too small to make a difference. Yet at that moment, I realized the truth of Mother Teresa’s words: “We cannot do great things—only small things with great love.”
13．What does the article want to tell us
A．It’s difficult to help everyone in need.
B．A small act of kindness means a lot.
C．Each family has its own problems.
【答案】 13．B
13．主旨大意题。根据“I have questioned many times whether our acts of kindness were too small to make a difference”可知，这篇文章想告诉我们一个小小的善行意味着许多，故选B。
【示例2】
“Barbara and I get along so well, ” Golan said. “We have a lot of fun chatting together. I care about her. She's like a new friend.” It might sound crazy hiring a stranger to act as a grandchild. However, these young people are a great help to old people who live alone.
43．What would be the best title for the passage
A．Grandchildren Needed B．More Volunteers Wanted
C．Family Problems Solved D．Papa Advertisement Found
【答案】43．A
43．最佳标题。根据文章最后一段中“It might sound crazy hiring a stranger to act as a grandchild. However, these young people are a great help to old people who live alone.”可知雇一个陌生人当孙子听起来可能很疯狂。然而，这些年轻人对独居的老人有很大的帮助，故选A。
五、篇章结构题
【示例1】
Spatial (空间) learning is an important skill in the animal kingdom. This is because it helps animals find food when it’s not easily available. Insects such as bees and ants are known to do this.
A recent study has found that the butterfly also has ability of spatial learning. This butterfly comes from South and Central America. And it’s known for different types of wing patterns.
In the study, the research team carried out spatial learning experiments on butterflies under three different spatial conditions. First, they tested the insect’s ability to learn the location of real food in a 1-square-meter space made up of 16 fake (假的) flowers. This test represented (代表) searching for food in a single area.
And they tested if the butterflies could learn to connect food with either the left or right side of a 3-square-meter two-armed maze (迷宫), representing many plants at a single place.
The team then increased the distances again. They used large outdoor cages (笼子) to test if the butterflies could learn the location of food in a 60-meter-wide maze. This maze looks like the letter T. This test represented searching for food in the wild. This was closer to the conditions in which the insect finds food in the wild.
The experiments on butterflies show signs of spatial learning-they can remember the spatial location of their food. In the future studies, the team plans to test if they are better at spatial learning than closely-related species (近亲物种).
25．What’s the structure (结构) of the passage (P=Paragraph)
A． B． C． D．
【答案】A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章介绍了动物世界里的动物们有着空间学习的能力，科学家也做了实验来论证这一观点。
【解析】篇章结构题。通读全文，第一段介绍了空间学习在动物中的重要性；第二段介绍了来自美洲的蝴蝶也有这样的技能；第三段至第五段为科学家做的三次实验；最后一段给出结论，动物可以记住食物的空间位置。因此选项A中的结构符合题意。故选A。
【示例2】
Where is the world’s best high-speed rail system In China! High-speed railway, which has developed quickly in recent years, has become a famous name card of China.
In the past ten years, China’s high-speed rail network (高速铁路网) has grown from under 10, 000 kilometers to over 40, 000 kilometers, making it the world’s longest high-speed rail network, long enough to circle the entire equator (整个赤道).
From the old-style green trains to the Fuxing high-speed trains, China’s high-speed railways have developed quickly and brought us closer to our hometown villages. In 2016, the Shanghai-Kunming High-speed Railway opened to traffic. The distances between nearly 340 traditional villages and high-speed railway stations have been reduced to less than one hour, while most of them were more than three hours away from the stations before the railway opened.
With China’s high-speed trains becoming faster and faster, people can save more travel time. For example, you can leave from Beijing in the morning to take part in a meeting in Shanghai at noon. Then, you can arrive at Hangzhou in the afternoon, enjoying the beauty of the West Lake. In the evening, you can return to Beijing safely.
China’s high-speed railway has already gone to the world. In 2014, An-Yi high-speed rail, the first high-speed railway built by Chinese companies overseas (在海外), was finished and opened to traffic. In 2023, the Jakarta-Bandung high-speed railway, jointly built by China and Indonesia, can cut travel time between the two cities from more than 3 hours to 40 minutes.
China’s high-speed railways cross rivers and mountains, connect home and abroad, and see the changes over time. From nothing, we are a leader in this industry now. As a name card of China, China’s high-speed railway has amazed the world!
30．What is the best structure (结构) for the text
A． B． C． D．
【答案】B
【导语】本文主要讲述了中国高速铁路的发展。
【解析】篇章结构题。文章第一段介绍中国高速铁路近年来发展迅速，已成为中国著名的名片，是点明主题；第二段到第五段分别讲述了中国高速铁路的发展情况；最后一段再次点明主题，强调中国高速铁路的发展迅速。选项B图片符合。故选B。
【模拟练】
Passage 1
（2025·江苏宿迁·一模）
One day in November 1647, Jacob Armitage hurried through the New Forest to the house of Arnwood.
“You must leave this house right away,” he said to Edward Beverley. “Come with me to pack (打包) your things. You must come to my home and stay there.”
“But why ” Edward asked the old man. “Why ”
“The King has escaped (逃走) from the prison at Hampton Court,” Jacob explained. “He’s riding south through the forest, and Cromwell’s soldiers (士兵) are searching for him. And I’ve just heard a group of soldiers in the forest talking about Arnwood. They know that your father was the King’s friend, and they’re planning to burn Arnwood tonight, because they think the King is hiding here.”
“Burn Arnwood! They can’t do that! It’s my house, and I’m staying here!” Edward said angrily. He was fourteen years old, the oldest of the four Beverley children.
The Beverley children lived alone at Arnwood, with an old woman who did the cooking and all the work of the house. Their father, Colonel Beverley, was killed when fighting for King Charles I at Naseby in 1645. Before he left home, he asked Jacob, a poor forester who lived near Arnwood, to look after his family. Jacob knew the family well and was happy to do this. And when the children’s mother died a few months later, Jacob came every day to visit the children and to help them.
“My dear boy,” Jacob said, “remember your sisters and brother. The soldiers will shoot (射击) them or burn them in the house. No, no, all of you must come with me.”
In the end, Edward agreed. He and his brother Humphrey, who was twelve, packed their things. Then they put them on Jacob’s horse, White Billy, who was waiting outside.
Jacob told Alice, who was eleven, and Edith, who was eight, that they were going to visit his home in the forest. He did not tell them about the soldiers.
“Edward, here is my key,” said Jacob quietly. “Lock the door of the house and take my gun from the wall. Don’t leave your brother and sisters. I’ll help the cook to pack her things, and then I’ll follow you.”
The four children left the big house and went into the forest with White Billy. It was five o’clock in the afternoon, and already dark. Jacob helped the cook, who hurried away to her family in Lymington, and then he hid in the trees near the house, and waited.
After a while, he heard horses and soldiers arrived. Soon, they were in the gardens and all round the house. A few minutes later, Jacob saw black smoke going up into the sky and then he saw flames (火焰) at the windows. ________
“It is done,” thought Jacob, and he hurried away into the forest. Half an hour later, he arrived at his small house. He looked back and saw the flames of Arnwood shooting higher and higher above the trees.
—Adapted from The Children of the New Forest
8．What do we know about Jacob
A．He used to be a friend of the King’s. B．He helped search for the King in the forest.
C．He would try to fight to protect Edward’s father. D．He was a true friend of Edward’s father’s.
9．Which is the correct order of what happened in the story
①Edward lost his father.
②Edward’s house was burnt.
③Colonel asked Jacob to take care of his family.
④Edward went into the forest with his brother and sisters.
A．③①④② B．①②④③ C．①②③④ D．④②③①
10．Which sentence can be put in
A．The house was his! B．Arnwood was burning!
C．Where were the children D．The children found their way out at last.
11．What can we infer from the story
A．Edward’s sisters were unwilling to visit Jacob’s home.
B．Edward would build a new house with a big garden.
C．The King wanted to hide in Edward’s house.
D．Jacob was a kind and helpful man.
【答案】8．D 9．A 10．B 11．D
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了雅各布帮助爱德华的家人逃离即将被烧毁的家乡的故事。
8．细节理解题。根据“Before he left home, he asked Jacob, a poor forester who lived near Arnwood, to look after his family. Jacob knew the family well and was happy to do this. And when the children’s mother died a few months later, Jacob came every day to visit the children and to help them.”可知，雅各布受爱德华的父亲委托，照顾他的家人，并在危急时刻帮助他们逃离，体现了他对爱德华父亲的忠诚和友谊。故选D。
9．细节理解题。根据“Before he left home, he asked Jacob, a poor forester who lived near Arnwood, to look after his family.”可知，③Colonel asked Jacob to take care of his family.是第一个事件。爱德华的父亲在离开家之前，委托雅各布照顾他的家人；根据“Their father, Colonel Beverley, was killed when fighting for King Charles I at Naseby in 1645. Before he left home, he asked Jacob, a poor forester who lived near Arnwood, to look after his family.”可知，①Edward lost his father.是第二个事件。爱德华的父亲在1645年的纳斯比战役中被杀；根据“You must leave this house right away,”可知，④Edward went into the forest with his brother and sisters.是第三个事件；雅各布通知爱德华和他的兄弟姐妹逃离家园；根据“He looked back and saw the flames of Arnwood shooting higher and higher above the trees.”可知，②Edward’s house was burnt.是第四个事件。阿恩伍德被士兵烧毁。故发生顺序为③①④②，故选A。
10．推理判断题。根据空格前“A few minutes later, Jacob saw black smoke going up into the sky and then he saw flames (火焰) at the windows.”可知，此时阿恩伍德已经开始燃烧了，选项B“阿恩伍德正在燃烧。”符合语境，这句话与前文描述的火焰和黑烟相符，强调阿恩伍德正在被烧毁。故选B。
11．细节理解题。根据“Jacob knew the family well and was happy to do this. And when the children’s mother died a few months later, Jacob came every day to visit the children and to help them.”以及“Come with me to pack (打包) your things. You must come to my home and stay there.”可知，雅各布受爱德华的父亲委托，照顾他的家人，并帮助爱德华和他的家人成功逃离，体现了雅各布的善良和乐于助人。故选D。
Passage 2
（2025·江苏南通·一模） Welcome to the Dragon Boat Camp
Do you want to try dragon boat racing We have the camp you’re looking for! The Dragon Boat Camp is suitable for students of all levels, aged over 13. A group of experienced coaches will share their best skills with you. After training, you will take part in the dragon boat race on the last day of the camp!
Period: From July 15 to 21.
Location: In Xixi Park, by the Jiulong River.
Cost: ￥400 per person. If you have a group of three or more, each of you can have 10% off.
We will offer you: ☆A welcome party on the evening of July 15. ☆Dragon boat training courses twice a day from July 16 to 19. ☆Daily video analysis (分析). ☆Two camp T-shirts per person.
For a trial class (体验课): Call Mr. Han at 18250209161. For more information: Visit www..cn or come to the office at No.137, Hepan Road.
16．When will the students take part in the dragon boat race
A．On July 16. B．On July 18. C．On July 21. D．On July 24.
17．Jack, Sam, May and Peter want to join the camp. How much should they pay in total
A．￥1200. B．￥1240. C．￥1400. D．￥1440.
18．After reading the text, it is most probably a ________.
A．notice B．poster C．story D．letter
【答案】16．C 17．D 18．B
【导语】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了龙舟夏令营的相关信息。
16．细节理解题。根据“After training, you will take part in the dragon boat race on the last day of the camp!”和“Period: From July 15 to 21.”可知，学生可以在最后一天也就是7月21号可以参加龙舟赛。故选C。
17．推理判断题。根据“Cost: ￥400 per person. If you have a group of three or more, each of you can have 10% off.”可知，费用为每人400元，如果三人及其以上团购，可以打9折，经过简单计算可知，Jack、Sam、May和Peter 一共4人，每人的费用是400×90%=360元，那么4人总共需要支付360×4=1440元，故选D。
18．推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了龙舟夏令营相关信息，则可能是一则海报。故选B。
Passage 3
（2025·江苏常州·一模）Today, many people use AI tools in daily life. Some find AI helpful, while others think it can be risky. Is AI good for society Two students share their thoughts below.
Robert: Yes!
I think AI is great. It is useful in many fields, such as education and robotics. If we have a question, and our parents don’t know the answer, we can now ask AI. It doesn’t only give us the answer, but can help us solve the problem step by step. This is a great way to learn.
AI can also help us collect and process data, design artworks, and do many other things. For example, AI can study lots of medical information to help doctors diagnose diseases, create personal treatments, and find new medicine. It improves patient care and lowers healthcare costs. It opens up new paths for work and creativity. AI has also given us plenty of useful websites, fun new apps and games.
Mary: No!
AI can answer many questions, but sometimes it makes up incorrect information. It can be hard to tell what is true and what is not.
Some AI bots can create pictures, but they mix pictures from different artists to do this. This is stealing and not cool. Not having enough rules and watchdogs for AI development puts the world at risk.
Besides, students may use AI to cheat (作弊) on their homework. If they keep doing this, they may stop thinking for themselves and depend too much on AI. Thinking for yourself is important, because you need to know how to solve problems. Your brain is like a muscle (肌肉). The more you use it, the stronger it gets.
Training big AI models requires a lot of computing power, which uses a lot of energy and causes pollution.
8．According to Robert, what can’t AI do in the medical field
A．Diagnose diseases. B．Lower healthcare costs.
C．Design treatments for each person. D．Design artworks.
9．Which of the following is one of the reasons that Mary says “no” to AI
A．AI needs lots of computing power and is too expensive. B．AI is not useful in education.
C．AI may lead to lots of dependency on it among people. D．AI is only good for creating pictures.
10．What is the main purpose of the passage
A．To explain how AI works. B．To show different ideas on AI.
C．To argue that AI is more harmful than helpful. D．To promote (促进) the use of AI in education.
【答案】8．D 9．C 10．B
【导语】本文主要介绍了人工智能以及人们对人工智能的不同看法。
8．细节理解题。根据“AI can study lots of medical information to help doctors diagnose diseases, create personal treatments, and find new medicine. It improves patient care and lowers healthcare costs.”可知，根据Robert所说，人工智能在医疗领域能够诊断疾病、降低医疗成本、为每个人设计治疗方案。故选D。
9．细节理解题。根据“If they keep doing this, they may stop thinking for themselves and depend too much on AI.”可知，人工智能可能会导致人们对它的大量依赖，是Mary对人工智能说“不”的原因之一。故选C。
10．主旨大意题。根据“Some find AI helpful, while others think it can be risky.”和下文内容可知，本文介绍了人们对人工智能的不同看法。故选B。
Passage 4
（2025·江苏常州·一模）The lion dance is a traditional Chinese performance art with a rich history. It is performed during festivals, celebrations, and important events, such as weddings, business openings and especially Chinese New Year. People believe it brings good luck and keeps away from bad spirits. It creates a festival atmosphere and brings happiness.
Two artists wear a lion costume to perform (表演) the dance. One plays the head and front legs. The other plays the back and hind legs. The pair work together to do many difficult movements during the performance. They need to practice kung fu to do their job well.
The lion dance was being performed as early as the Han Dynasty. No one knows exactly how it started. Some say it had to do with war. One day, an emperor dreamed of a strange animal after a fight. It was fierce but didn’t look like a tiger. The emperor wanted eagerly to know what it was. The next day, his advisors told him that this animal was a lion. The emperor thought that it was a gift from heaven.
Then, he asked people to make this animal out of paper, cloth and bamboo. The “lion models” were used in future fights to encourage soldiers (战士). Later it became a form of art. The lion became a symbol of power, courage, and wisdom in Chinese culture.
The lion dance takes two forms. One is performed in the north and the other in the south. The northern lion looks more real, while the southern lion looks more like a dragon. The northern lion pays more attention to the leg movements, while the southern lion moves head dramatically with the rhythm of drums and gongs (锣). Both types show the power and wisdom of Chinese culture.
11．Why do the performers of lion dance need to practice kung fu
A．To fight in future wars. B．To perform difficult movements.
C．To scare away bad spirits. D．To create a festival atmosphere and bring happiness.
12．Which of the following is true according to the passage
A．To perform the lion dance, three artists are needed to work together.
B．The emperor created the “lion models” to help achieve victory in the war.
C．No one knows when the lion dance was first performed.
D．The northern and the southern lions have different cultural meanings.
13．What can be inferred (推断) about the emperor’s dream
A．The dream was about a tiger. B．The dream was a sign of bad luck.
C．The dream led to the creation of the lion dance. D．The dream was forgotten by the emperor soon.
14．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage
A．The History of Chinese Festivals
B．The Art of Kung Fu in Performances
C．The Lion Dance—a Symbol of Chinese Culture
D．The Differences Between the Northern and Southern Lion Dance
【答案】11．B 12．B 13．C 14．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了中国传统表演艺术——舞狮的历史、表演形式和文化意义。
11．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“The pair work together to do many difficult movements during the performance. They need to practice kung fu to do their job well.”可知，舞狮表演者练习功夫是为了完成高难度动作。故选B。
12．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“The emperor asked people to make this animal out of paper, cloth and bamboo. The ‘lion models’ were used in future fights to encourage soldiers.”可知，皇帝制作狮子模型是为了帮助战争胜利。故选B。
13．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“The emperor dreamed of a strange animal... The next day, his advisors told him it was a lion... The emperor asked people to make this animal... Later it became a form of art.”可推断，皇帝的梦促成了舞狮的诞生。故选C。
14．最佳标题题。全文围绕舞狮的历史、表演形式和文化象征展开，重点强调其作为中国文化符号的意义。选项C“The Lion Dance—a Symbol of Chinese Culture”最能概括全文主旨。故选C。
Passage 5
（2024·江苏扬州·二模）Personally, there is nothing I love more than asking “stupid” questions, especially the ones that have no right answers. I remember once asking some kids what time it was, at home, in Singapore, and finally on the Moon. After a long silence, finally a shy girl ventured (试探地说) to say that it was “every time” followed by an energetic Einstein who shouted it was “no time”. Both kids shared that week’s Noble Prize because no humans live in that faraway world and time is created by humans.
As a matter of fact, we are all good at asking questions by nature, but sadly as we age, we get used to the world around us and take things for granted. We became more results-oriented (注重结果的) and concentrate our efforts on success. If something is working, don’t fix it or worry about the cause; just relax and go with the mon belief may work well, but that does not mean it is always right. Throughout history, it has been those who have questioned common belief and those who have challenged our common-sense ideas of the world that have been the ones to have brought about major progress in human civilization.
In 500 BC, the ancient Greeks wondered whether the Earth was round because sailors on the sea had noticed that the farther south they went, the more different stars they saw in the sky. Why was the sky changing Nearly 2,000 years later, the Italian astronomer Galileo Galilei became interested in this question and ended up demonstrating the “crazy” concept of heliocentrism (日心说), in which the Sun lies at the center of the universe while the Earth circles around it at 30 kilometers per second. But if the Earth is spinning around so quickly, why aren’t we being thrown off of the surface of the planet The answer to this question would not be clear for another century.
People like routine, but past performance is no guarantee of future results. While those who challenge common belief tend to be subjected to abuse, the progress of humankind would have otherwise been impossible without these persistent people and their “stupid” questions.
13．What commonly happens to us when we grow older according to the author
A．We focus too much on process.
B．We still refuse to relax and go with the flow.
C．We start to challenge common-sense ideas of the world.
D．We gradually lose the ability to question common belief.
14．What’s the correct order of the following statements
a. The ancient Greeks wondered whether the Earth was round.
b. Galileo Galilei raised the concept of heliocentrism.
c. We know about the concept of gravity.
d. Sailors noticed something special.
A．adcb B．adbc C．dabc D．dacb
15．Who might have solved the question “why aren’t we being thrown off of the surface of the planet ”
A．An ancient Greek scientist living in 500 BC．
B．Galileo Galilei living between 1564 and 1642.
C．Isaac Newton living between 1643 and 1727.
D．Albert Einstein living between 1879 and 1955.
16．How does the author develop his writing on the whole
A．By comparison and contrast B．By using supporting examples.
C．By using time and space order. D．By generalization and definition.
【答案】13．D 14．C 15．C 16．B
【导语】 本文是议论文，主要谈论了提出“愚蠢”问题的重要性。尽管那些挑战普遍看法的人往往会遭受不好的待遇，但如果没有这些人和他们的“愚蠢”问题，人类也就不可能进步了。
13．推理判断题。根据“As a matter of fact, we are all good at asking questions by nature, but sadly as we age, we get used to the world around us and take things for granted.”以及“Common belief may work well, but that does not mean it is always right.”可知，这里提到随着年龄的增长，我们习惯了周围的世界，把一切都视为理所当然，因此推知我们逐渐失去了质疑共同信念的能力。故选D。
14．细节理解题。根据“In 500 BC, the ancient Greeks wondered whether the Earth was round because sailors on the sea had noticed that the farther south they went, the more different stars they saw in the sky. ”可知，水手们注意到了一些特别的事情，因此希腊人想知道地球是不是圆的；根据“Nearly 2,000 years later, the Italian astronomer Galileo Galilei became interested in this question and ended up demonstrating the ‘crazy’ concept of heliocentrism (日心说),”可知，伽利略提出了“日心说”；根据“But if the Earth is spinning around so quickly, why aren’t we being thrown off of the surface of the planet The answer to this question would not be clear for another century.”可知，后来人们知道了重力，因此选项C中的顺序是正确的。故选C。
15．推理判断题。根据“In 500 BC, the ancient Greeks wondered whether the Earth was round…the more different stars they saw in the sky.”；“Nearly 2,000 years later, the Italian astronomer Galileo Galilei… and ended up demonstrating the ‘crazy’ concept of heliocentrism (日心说),”可知，伽利略在公元1500年左右提出“日心说”；根据“But if the Earth is spinning around so quickly, why aren’t we being thrown off of the surface of the planet The answer to this question would not be clear for another century.”可知，对于为什么我们没有被甩出地球表面这个问题，是在伽利略提出“日心说”一个世纪后，即公元1600多年才弄清楚的，由此推知，生于1643年至1727年的艾萨克·牛顿可能是解决这个问题的人。故选C。
16．细节理解题。根据“Throughout history…that have been the ones to have brought about major progress in human civilization.”；在第三段中“In 500 BC, the ancient Greeks…the more different stars they saw in the sky.”以及“the Italian astronomer Galileo Galilei became interested in this question and ended up demonstrating the ‘crazy’ concept of heliocentrism (日心说),”通过例举古希腊人和意大利天文学家伽利略·伽利菜来说明正是质疑引领了人类文明的重大进步，由此可知作者是通过列举支撑例证的方式来展开写作的。故选B。
【真题练】
（2024·江苏镇江·中考真题）I have lived in China for six years, but still think the country is mysterious. So I made up my mind to go on a 3-month cycling journey to discover more.
My cycling journey was very safe in China because I never had a moment in which I felt I was in danger. Wherever I went, there was always phone signal, and even WeChat pay.
The beauty of nature was also fantastic. It simply took my breath away when I cycled on the way. With thick forests, blue lakes and green hills, there was so much to see.
The food was another highlight of my journey. I got to taste local food in every place I went. My favourite was the spicy food in Sichuan. No matter how much I ate, I never got sick of having different Chinese foods. There were so many different choices.
In addition, cycling in China cost less than I thought. I could even save some money during the trip to support a local charity.
The best part was about people. I met people from different ethnic minorities (少数民族) across China and I was even invited to attend a wedding by Tibetan girls. The wedding was amazing, full of dancing, laughter and fun. One time I me t a group of Chinese men who were also travelling, but by motorcycle. They invited me to stay with them in the mountains. We cooked fish that we caught from the lake together. It felt like true freedom from the busy feeling of daily life. Another example was impressive. When I met a group of cyclists in their 60s, they cycled better than me. It really encouraged me to push myself and go farther every day. Also, an experienced cyclist saved me when I got a flat tire (爆胎). He helped fix my tire.
By the end of my journey, I wanted to keep going. I felt like I could do it forever. It was truly an experience I will never forget. If anyone wants to explore in China, I would highly recommend going by bicycle.
1．What does the writer talk about in Paragraph 3
A．Personal safety. B．Different foods. C．Natural beauty. D．Cheap cost.
2．The underlined word “It” in Paragraph 6 refers to (指代) “________”.
A．Tibetan girls inviting the writer to a wedding
B．cyclists in their 60s cycling better than the writer
C．a group of Chinese men catching fish with the writer
D．an experienced cyclist helping the writer to fix a flat tire
3．What is the best title for the passage
A．What a Pleasant Picnic! B．What Great People!
C．What an Amazing Journey! D．What a Lucky Day!
【答案】1．C 2．B 3．C
【导语】本文讲述了作者在中国进行为期三个月的骑行之旅，体验了中国的自然美景、美食和热情好客的人们。
1．细节理解题。根据“The beauty of nature was also fantastic. It simply took my breath away when I cycled on the way. With thick forests, blue lakes and green hills, there was so much to see.”可知，第三段谈论的是自然美景。故选C。
2．词句猜测题。根据“Another example was impressive. When I met a group of cyclists in their 60s, they cycled better than me. It really encouraged me to push myself and go farther every day.”可知，当作者遇到一群60多岁的骑行者时，他们骑得比作者好。划线词“It”指的是“60多岁的骑行者骑得比作者好”这件事。故选B。
3．最佳标题题。根据全文内容可知，本文讲述了作者在中国进行为期三个月的骑行之旅，体验了中国的自然美景、美食和热情好客的人们。以选项C“多么惊人的旅程！”为标题最合适。故选C。
（2024·江苏盐城·中考真题）It was half past seven on Monday morning: time to get ready for school. Jay Stone rolled out of bed. He did a couple of quick wake-up exercises and then he went over to his mirror (镜子) and looked at himself.
“Not bad, Stone, not bad,” he said to himself and smiled. Maybe he wasn’t ready for Hollywood, but with his dark brown eyes and his thick brown hair, he had the looks that turned girls’ heads. He moved closer to the mirror and smiled, checking his teeth.
“Perfect,” he thought. “Good enough for a toothpaste ad.”
As his eyes moved down to his strong arms, he smiled again. The hours he spent in the gym and doing sit-ups have paid off.
But suddenly, the smile froze. His eyes moved from the upper part of his body down to his legs. His legs were short. Not just short, but far too short for his body. He had the upper body of a six-footer, but because of his legs he was much less than six feet! Six inches less! Sitting, he was as tall as almost anyone. Standing, he had to look up at most of the boys and even many of the girls.
Why didn’t his legs grow with the rest of his body He was one of the shortest boys in his class. He was the shortest in his own family, he was even shorter than his “little” sister—by three inches! Where did his legs come from
He certainly didn’t get them from his parents. They were both quite tall. Looking through old family photos, he found the answer. It was his grandfather on his mother’s side. His short legs were a gift from Grandpa Tuttle.
Thanks a lot, Grandpa!
Of course, the kids at school all noticed Jay’s short legs and they had a nickname (外号) for him: Stubs! Almost no one called him by his real name; they all called him Stubs. Stubs Stone, Jay didn’t like his nickname, but he had to accept it. He had no choice.
But Jay couldn’t see in the mirror what his legs could do. They were quick and strong. He was the youngest player on the Brewer High football team. He could run faster than anyone else in the team and, like a rabbit, he kept going and going. Even at basketball, where the other players were much taller than him, they were still afraid of him because of his speed.
Jay shook his head. “Stubs, Stubs Stone, the kid with stubby legs. Yeah, that’s me,” he said to himself with a little smile. Suddenly, he heard his mother’s voice.
“Jay! It’s breakfast time!”
4．What did Jay do after he got up on the Monday morning
A．He did some housework. B．He took some family photos.
C．He watched TV for some time. D．He did some wake-up exercises.
5．What can we learn about Jay in paragraphs 2—4
A．He was satisfied with his looks. B．He wanted to be a film actor.
C．He once played a role in an ad. D．He found it useless to do sit-ups.
6．What does the underlined word “froze” probably mean in paragraph 5
A．Spread. B．Stopped. C．Continued. D．Returned.
7．Which of the following best describes Jay
A．Strict and serious. B．Clever and helpful.
C．Funny and confident. D．Patient and hard-working.
8．What does the writer mainly want to tell in the passage
A．Teenagers like to play tricks on each other.
B．Teenagers should have dreams in their hearts.
C．People’s legs usually grow with other body parts.
D．People can turn their weak points into advantages.
【答案】4．D 5．A 6．B 7．C 8．D
【导语】本文讲述了Jay Stone对自己外貌的看法以及他如何利用自己的短腿优势在运动中取得成功的故事。
4．细节理解题。根据“He did a couple of quick wake-up exercises and then he went over to his mirror (镜子) and looked at himself.”可知，他起床后做了一些唤醒锻炼。故选D。
5．细节理解题。根据“Maybe he wasn’t ready for Hollywood, but with his dark brown eyes and his thick brown hair, he had the looks that turned girls’ heads.”及“‘Perfect,’ he thought. ‘Good enough for a toothpaste ad.’”可知，他认为自己的外貌能够吸引女孩的眼球，并且是很完美的，足够做牙膏广告了，因此可知他很满意自己的外貌。故选A。
6．词义猜测题。根据“But suddenly, the smile froze. His eyes moved from the upper part of his body down to his legs. His legs were short.”可知，他看到了自己的短腿，因此笑容突然停止了，划线单词表示“停止”。故选B。
7．推理判断题。根据“Maybe he wasn’t ready for Hollywood, but with his dark brown eyes and his thick brown hair, he had the looks that turned girls’ heads.”及“‘Perfect,’ he thought. ‘Good enough for a toothpaste ad.’”可知，他对自己的外貌很满意，说明他是自信的；根据“Jay shook his head. ‘Stubs, Stubs Stone, the kid with stubby legs. Yeah, that’s me,’ he said to himself with a little smile.”可知，他自言自语说自己就是这个短腿的孩子，说明他是有趣的。故选C。
8．主旨大意题。根据“But Jay couldn’t see in the mirror what his legs could do. They were quick and strong.”及全文可知，本文主要讲述了Jay Stone把自己的短腿这一劣势变成了优势的故事，从而告诉人们可以把自己劣势变成优势。故选D。
（2024·江苏南通·中考真题）
NOTICES
Computer problems An IT engineer will solve problems with computers for free every Monday. Phone “the Computer Doctor” now on 09651 378156.
Sherry, 3 years old, male Lost in Sunshine Central Park on Saturday 15th June $500 for safe return 09651 371822 Do you enjoy making things Come and join us! Make a hat this Sunday (June 23)! Time: 2:00-4:00 p.m. Place: Room 205 Flat A Price for materials: $2 a hat SUNSHINE DIY CLUB
ROBOT RESTAURANTOpens on 29 June Lunch served: 12:30-2:30 p.m. Dinner served: 6:30-9:30 p.m. Starters: Tomato soup/French onion soup/Potato salad/Chicken salad 3$ Snacks (lunchtime only): Cookie/Tomato sandwich 3$ Main courses: German sausage and chips/Italian cheese/Thai chicken and rice 6$ Drinks: Mineral water/Fresh orange juice/English tea/Irish cream coffee 1$ SUNSHINE COMMUNITY CENTER June 17
1．You can find the noticeboard in ________.
A．Sunshine DIY Club B．a community centre
C．Sunshine Central Park D．a computer company
2．If Jack has 10$ for dinner in the robot restaurant, he can order _________.
A．Thai chicken and rice, Tomato soup and Irish cream coffee
B．German sausage and chips, French onion soup and Cookie
C．Tomato sandwich, Italian cheese and Fresh orange juice
D．Chicken salad, Potato salad, Italian cheese and English tea
3．From the noticeboard above, we know that _________.
A．the owner spent 500 $ buying Sherry on Saturday
B．a robot cooks some dishes in the robot restaurant
C．a broken computer can be fixed for free on June 24
D．2$ should be paid to make two hats in the DIY club
【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C
【导语】本文主要介绍了布告栏上的几个布告。
1．细节理解题。根据“SUNSHINE COMMUNITY CENTER”可知可以在社区中心看到。故选B。
2．推理判断题。根据“Thai chicken and rice 6$...Tomato soup 3$...Irish cream coffee 1$”可知他花了10美元，所以他可能点了泰国鸡肉饭、番茄汤和爱尔兰奶油咖啡；选项C中的食物价格也是10美元，但是西红柿三明治只有午饭提供，故排除。故选A。
3．推理判断题。根据“An IT engineer will solve problems with computers for free every Monday”以及“on Saturday 15th June”可知6月15号是周六，每周一，一名IT工程师将免费解决电脑问题，可推知6月24号一名IT工程师将免费解决电脑问题。故选C。
（2024·江苏淮安·中考真题）
Join Us!Different clubs make our school life colorful. Which one would you like to join Volunteer ClubWe are going to visit the old people’s home this Saturday. We will do some cleaning for the old and make dumplings with them. Let’s meet at 9:00 a. m. at the school gate. We will take the bus there and return at 4:00 p. m. Call 379516 to join us. Basketball ClubCan you play basketball Do you want to learn different basketball skills Do you want to enjoy exciting matches Our club opens at 4:00 p. m. every Tuesday. Remember to wear sports shoes. Call 543715 if you are interested. Hiking ClubWe are going to the countryside for a hike this Sunday. We can enjoy the beauty of nature and have a picnic there. We will come back at 3:30 p. m. Let’s meet at the school gate at 8:00 a. m. Call 592873 if you want to join us. DIY ClubIf you are a DIY lover, come and join us! Here you can make, repair and decorate things yourselves. You’ll have lots of fun here. The club is open from 2:00 p. m. to 5:30 p. m. every Monday. Call 593782 for more information.
4．Amy, a member of Volunteer Club, will get to the old people’s home ________.
A．by bus B．by plane C．by train D．on foot
5．If Tony joins Basketball Club, he can go there __________.
A．at weekends B．every Monday C．every day D．every Tuesday
6．John wants to have a picnic at weekends. He can join __________.
A．Volunteer Club B．Basketball Club C．Hiking Club D．DIY Club
7．You can call __________ to know more about DIY Club.
A．592873 B．543715 C．379516 D．593782
8．Where can you most probably find the poster
A．In a restaurant. B．In a school. C．In a hotel. D．In a supermarket.
【答案】4．A 5．D 6．C 7．D 8．B
【导语】本文主要介绍了几个俱乐部。
4．细节理解题。根据“We will take the bus there and return at 4:00 p. m”可知他们要坐公交车去。故选A。
5．细节理解题。根据“Our club opens at 4:00 p. m. every Tuesday”可知每周二去篮球俱乐部。故选D。
6．细节理解题。根据“Hiking Club We can enjoy the beauty of nature and have a picnic there”可知如果想野餐，可以参加徒步旅行俱乐部。故选C。
7．细节理解题。根据“Call 593782 for more information.”可知可以打电话593782了解更多关于DIY俱乐部的信息。故选D。
8．推理判断题。根据“Let’s meet at 9:00 a. m. at the school gate”以及“Let’s meet at the school gate at 8:00 a. m.”可知文章可能出现在学校。故选B。
（2024·江苏无锡·中考真题）
A theory of emotion Two scientists called Stanley Schachter and Jerome Singer developed the two-factor theory of emotion in 1962. They said that emotions are formed in two parts. First, the body has a physical response to a threat and then the mind considers the physical response as an emotion, which is then felt by the person. For example, imagine you are walking through a forest and you see a bear. Seeing it would probably start a physical response, such as your heart beating very fast and sweat breaking out. Your mind then decides that this is fear, which you feel as an emotion.
A new study has suggested that the key to reducing feelings of anger is not venting (letting the angry emotions out) but doing calming activities such as yoga or meditation.
The study was published in March by Sophie Kjaervik and Brad Bushman from Ohio State University in the US. They wanted to explore the popular theory that venting (expressing) anger is a good way of reducing it. Examples of venting anger include shouting or hitting something like a cushion, so that you let go of the emotion and therefore don’t feel it any more. The pair looked at 154 other studies on anger. These involved 10, 189 people, and included a variety of ages and backgrounds. In their study, Kjaervik and Bushman define anger as “an emotional response (反应) to a real or imagined threat (威胁)”. They used a theory of emotion (情绪假说) that says emotions are partly felt in your body and partly in your mind.
The scientists looked at the other studies to see how different activities influenced anger. They found that activities such as running or boxing—which are often thought to be good for dealing with anger—weren’t very good at reducing it. In fact, some of these activities actually made it worse because they increased physical responses in the body that are linked to feeling angry. For example, they made people’s hearts beat faster. However, activities that decreased physical responses in the body did help to reduce feelings of anger. These included activities that slow the heart rate, such as deep breathing, meditation and yoga. Bushman says activities that increase physical responses may be good for heart health but are “definitely not the best way to reduce anger”.
The team found jogging was most likely to increase anger. However, some heart-rate increasing activities—like ball games and team sports—could reduce anger.
1．What is the main finding of the new study
A．A new method of venting anger. B．A new method of reducing anger.
C．Good activities to vent anger. D．Good activities to reduce anger.
2．What can we learn about calming activities
A．They can reduce feelings of anger. B．They can increase the heart rate.
C．They are good for mind health. D．They are good for heart health.
3．According to Schachter and Singer’s theory, what happens first if you see a snake and feel afraid
A．You get the feeling of fear. B．You get the feeling of calm.
C．Your heart beats fast. D．Your heart beats slowly.
4．The following sentence can best be put at the end of ________.
They think this shows that fun or playful activities help to reduce negative feelings.
A．Paragraph 1 B．Paragraph 2 C．Paragraph 3 D．Paragraph 4
【答案】1．D 2．A 3．C 4．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了关于情绪的两因素理论，以及一项新的研究发现，即减少愤怒感觉的关键不是发泄，而是做一些如瑜伽或冥想等平静的活动。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段“A new study has suggested that the key to reducing feelings of anger is not venting (letting the angry emotions out) but doing calming activities such as yoga or meditation.”可知，新的研究发现，减少愤怒感觉的关键不是发泄，而是做一些如瑜伽或冥想等平静的活动，故这项新的研究主要发现了一些可以减少愤怒的好的活动。故选D。
2．细节理解题。根据第三段“However, activities that decreased physical responses in the body did help to reduce feelings of anger. These included activities that slow the heart rate, such as deep breathing, meditation and yoga.”可知，那些能够减少身体反应的活动，即深呼吸、冥想和瑜伽等平静的活动有助于减少愤怒感觉。故选A。
3．推理判断题。根据“For example, imagine you are walking through a forest and you see a bear. Seeing it would probably start a physical response, such as your heart beating very fast and sweat breaking out.”可知，文章指出，当我们看到一只熊时，我们的身体可能会做出反应，比如心跳得很快，出汗。故可知当我们看到一条蛇并感到害怕时，我们心跳也会加快。故选C。
4．推理判断题。根据第四段“However, some heart-rate increasing activities—like ball games and team sports—could reduce anger.”可知，团队发现一些增加心率的活动，如球类运动和团队运动，可能会减少愤怒。这表明有趣的活动有助于减少负面情绪。故这句话可以放在第四自然段的结尾。故选D。
（2024·江苏苏州·中考真题）China has become the world’s largest producer and market of EVs (电车). According to a report, 9.58 million Chinese-made EVs were produced and 9.49 million were sold in 2023. Among the total sales, 1.2 million EVs were exported (出口).
The Chinese government has been encouraging EVs as part of its effort for green, high-quality development. As a result, China’s EV industry develops very quickly. At Auto (汽车) China 2004, BYD was the only company showing EVs there. At Auto China 2024, there were 278 different EV models on show, including BYD, SAIC, Geely, Li Auto, Nio, Xpeng and other brands (品牌).
China’s EV industry is now facing both challenges and chances. It’s reported that 71% of EV brands cut prices in 2023. EV makers without the ability of innovation (创新) will face growing risks. In order to be both green and smart, Chinese EV makers are trying hard to improve technologies like battery qualities and AI support. At the same time, the government is adding even more charging points (充电站). On the other hand, more Chinese people are aware of the environmental problems. It is encouraging more buyers to choose EVs.
EVs are the way of the future. In an ideal world, everyone benefits from innovation and green transport. Some might get there sooner than others, and will gain greater rewards. It is very likely that China will hold the lead.
5．How many Chinese-made EVs were sold in China in 2023
A．8.38 million. B．9.49 million. C．9.58 million. D．8.29 million.
6．What is the purpose of Paragraph 2
A．To introduce different EV brands in China. B．To give some information about Auto China.
C．To show the development of China’s EV industry. D．To advise people to buy Chinese-made EVs.
7．EV makers can most probably reduce growing risks by ______.
A．improving innovation ability B．winning the government’s support
C．adding more charging points D．dealing with environmental problems
8．What’s the writer’s attitude (态度) towards the future of China’s EV industry
A．Uncertain. B．Hopeful. C．Doubtful. D．Worried.
【答案】5．D 6．C 7．A 8．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了中国在电动汽车行业的发展以及面临的机遇和挑战。
5．细节理解题。根据“According to a report, 9.58 million Chinese-made EVs were produced and 9.49 million were sold in 2023. Among the total sales, 1.2 million EVs were exported (出口).”可知，2023年中国制造的电动汽车销量为949万辆，其中包括出口120万辆，故在国内销售了829万辆。故选D。
6．段落大意题。根据“At Auto (汽车) China 2004, BYD was the only company showing EVs there. At Auto China 2024, there were 278 different EV models on show”可知，2004年的汽车展上只有一家展示电动汽车的品牌，但是到了2024年有了多家品牌，文章第二段的内容表明了中国电车行业的发展。故选C。
7．推理判断题。根据“EV makers without the ability of innovation (创新) will face growing risks”可知，没有创新能力的电动汽车制造商将面临越来越大的风险，故可知电动汽车制造商可以通过提高创新能力来降低风险。故选A。
8．观点态度题。根据最后一段“EVs are the way of the future…It is very likely that China will hold the lead.”可知，作者认为电动汽车行业大有可为，且中国在未来会居于领先地位，故可知作者对中国电动汽车行业的未来是充满希望的。故选B。
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