专题17 短文首字母填空之重难点突破
目录
题型综述 1
解题攻略 2
从词性角度判定 2
从语法考查角度分析 4
从句子成分角度分析.................................................................................................................5
其他做题思路.............................................................................................................................6
首字母填空单句训练.................................................................................................................7
首字母填空高频词汇 12
中考练场 22
【题型解读】
首字母填空已经成为上海中考英语压轴大题，是难度最大的一种题型。该题要求是根据句意和已给出的首字母，在句子的空白处填上适当的单词，使句子意思完整，语法正确的一种题型。该题型既考查学生的单词记忆和拼写能力，又考查学生对句子的理解和运用能力。
【命题规律】
词汇：考查学生对单词的拼写、词义理解和词汇运用能力。含名词、动词、形容词、副词、代词、介词等。
语法：考查学生对语法知识的掌握，如时态、语态、主谓一致、词性转换等。
语境理解：要求学生根据上下文的语境，理解句子的含义，推断出所缺单词的意思。
固定搭配：考查学生对固定短语、习惯用语的掌握和运用能力。
文章题材：通常选取与学生生活、学习、社会热点等相关的短文，具有一定的教育意义和趣味性。
难度设置：难度会适中，既考查学生的基础知识，又有一定的挑战性，以区分学生的英语水平。
能力要求：注重考查学生的阅读理解能力、逻辑推理能力和语言运用能力，要求学生能够准确理解文章的主旨大意，把握上下文的逻辑关系，从而推断出所缺单词。总之，中考英语首字母填空旨在考查学生的英语综合能力，学生需要在平时的学习中注重词汇积累、语法学习和阅读训练，提高自己的语言运用能力和解题技巧。
【解题技巧】
1. 跳过空格，不看选项，快速地阅读全文，从整体上感知全文，掌握大意，了解全篇的内容和要旨。
快速阅读时宁粗勿细，切忌只盯住一个句子仓促解题，这样势必因胸无全局而误入歧途。快速阅读时，还要注意找出关键词，这些词在文中起支撑骨架的功能，抓住了关键词就抓住了故事的线索。特别是要重视首句，善于以首句的时态、语气为立足点，理清文脉，推测全文时态、主题及大意。
2. 复读短文，确定语义，判断词形。
把握短文大意后再认真复读短文，利用上下文的语境，结合所学过的知识，先确定空格处所需词语的意义，再根据空格在句子中的位置，判断其在句中充当的成分，从而确定所填词的词性，再依据词语搭配和语法规则，判断所填词的正确形式。如短文难度较大，尤其是难于选词时，从本句的前后观察中一时尚不得要领，就要进一步扩大到上下文中分析。
3. 三读短文，上下参照，验证答案。
在短文的空白处分别填上一个词后，将完成的短文再细读一遍，上下参照，连贯思考。可从上下文内容是否协调一致、顺理成章，语法结构是否正确无误等进行综合验证，凡有疑问必须重新推敲考虑。
【考点诠释】
（一）从词性角度判定
1.所填词的词性的初步判定方法：
(1)若空格在be动词或感官动词后，空格处填形容词；
(2)若空格在冠词、形容词等之后，空格处填名词，并且考虑名词是否变复数；
(3)若空格前是介词，空格处一般填名词或动名词；
(4)若空格位于句首，且后有逗号，空格处一般填副词；
(5)对于动词、形容词等，要考虑固定搭配，从而确定其后面的介词或副词；
(6)同时，要结合上下文填写合适的连词、名词等；另外，比较等级的常用结构也不可忽视。
2.判断所填词的词性具体方法：
(1)填动词
①若句中缺少谓语，需填动词。
②情态动词could, have to, can, may, should, must，would等后需填动词原形。
③在一些动词不定式结构中，文中给出to时，空格处需填动词原形。
如：It‘s＋adj.＋for/ of sb. to do sth.对某人来说做某事是……
seem to do sth. 看起来要做某事；be sure to do sth.一定会做某事
④在一些动词短语或动词和介词的固定搭配中，需填动词。
如：ask for请求；give up放弃
(2)填名词
①位于句首，在句中作主语。
②位于动词或介词后作宾语。如：producing light
③位于形容词后。
④位于限定词this, these, those, many, some, any, a lot of等后。 如：these ideas
⑤位于数词后。如：ten minutes
⑥其他：位于系动词后作表语；冠词、形容词性物主代词；名词所有格及一些固定搭配中。
(3)填连词
若空格前后或空格后是两个完整的句子，则需要考虑使用连词，再结合前后句意。
①若表示条件关系，用if，unless；
②表示转折关系，用but；
③表示选择关系用or；
④表示因果关系，用because，so等；
⑤表示让步关系，用though，although；
⑥表示时间关系，用when，while，until等。
(4)填形容词
①位于系动词后作表语。如：seem very small
②位于名词前作定语。如：their own problem
③位于复合不定代词之后。
④位于宾语之后作宾补，常与make，leave，keep 等动词连用。
(5)填副词
①修饰动词、形容词或其他副词。
②位于句首作状语，修饰整个句子。
③实义动词之前或助动词、情态动词之后常用频度副词。
④在问句中且设空处位于句首，可考虑使用疑问副词
（二） 从语法考查角度分析
1. 名词：单复数形式, 所有格的用法
September 10th is Teachers’ Day.
In autumn after a strong wind, the ground is often covered with fallen leaves.
2. 动词：时态，语态的变化
We could not run faster than cheetahs,so we invented cars and now we can move the fastest.
When you laugh ,you will open your mouth and your teeth.
3. 形容词、副词：比较等级的用法
Last Sunday，we played happily in the park, though we were very tired.
Summer is the hottest season of the year.
4. 代词：单复数 人称代词 反身代词 指示代词 关系代词 不定代词 等的用法
Help yourself to some fish，Jim.
Mrs Green said to the twins .”Help yourselves to some fish please. ”
This book belongs to Mary. It is hers.
5. 连词：并列与从属连词的用法
For years, we played other people’s songs, but now we play mostly our own songs.
She didn’t go to school yesterday ,because she was ill.
（三） 从句子成分角度分析
句子是按照一定的语法规律组成的，表达一个完整的意义。一个句子一般由两部分构成，即主语部分和谓语部分，这两部分也叫做句子的主要成分。句子的次要成分包括宾语，定语，状语，表语、同位语等。
1.名词表示人和物，实词。句中主要作主语和宾语。
例 1：Tony’s family was preparing dinner when Amy arrived. The family was cooking vegetables with hot oil. The k was filled with many good smells.
解析：the 后接名词，充当主语。根据上文 cooking 等，这里填写 kitchen。
2.动词表示人或事物的动作、行为、发展、变化。句中作谓语和非谓语动词形式。
例 1：Tony is Chinese American. Hisfamily members gather together and serve a traditional Chinese meal once a week. Last week Tony i his friend Amy for it.
解析：此空所填词在句中作谓语动词，后跟宾语从句，所以判断此处所填应为及物动词，根据上文中 meal 可知填 invited。
3.形 容 词 主 要 修 饰 名 词 ， 表 示 事 物 的 形 状 、 性 质 、 颜 色 、 状 态等。
例：Don't drive your car in London! Car parks are very e . You have to pay a special congestion charge (拥堵费) to drive your car into the city centre.
解析：所填成分在剧中修饰主语 car parks，，修饰名词用形容词，所以判断此空填写的词为形容词。根据下文 a special charge 意思可知填 expensive。
4.副词说明时间、地点、程度、方式等，修饰动词、形容词、整个句子；
例：Tickets at reducedprices are not available for first-class travels or for travels a ,such as
to France or Germany.
解析：所填之空作状语修饰动词，判断此处词性应为副词，根据上下文得出此处填 abroad（adv. 更好的；更多的；较大程度地），修饰 travel。
5.连词用来连接词与词，词组与词组，句子与句子的虚词，主要表示逻辑关系。U we are careful, it’s easy to fail to recognized an opportunity when it is in hand.
解析：此句中有两个分句，而没有连词链接，所以判断空中填入的应为连词，而根据上下文意，这里应填入表示条件的连词 unless（“除非”）
（四） 其他做题思路：
（1） 依据习惯用法与固定搭配进行填词：
如:W his help, the old man was safe. The boy thanked him very much.
从句意我们就知道是“在他的帮助下”， with his help.
（2）依据语法知识进行填词：
如:It was a l earlier.
从句中的earlier可以看出它是比较级,修饰形容词比较级有前面有a,那肯定就是little.
（3） 依据常识的积累进行填词：
如:But it was too late. His friend was very angry. Mr. White said nothing but only one word “S .” Mr. White迟到了，他的朋友很生气，他什么都没说，只说了一个字“S .”
我们根据常识肯定是向他的朋友道歉，所以肯定填sorry.
（4）依据逻辑推理与句意理解进行填词：
如： One Sunday afternoon, Mr. White drove his new car to his friend’s house happily. He wanted to p his friend up at five and then went to see a new movie together.
根据句意，Mr. White高兴地开着车去他的朋友家，然后一起去看电影，我们可以进行逻辑推理，他肯定是去接他的朋友，所以填pick.
（五） 首字母填空单句训练
1．Mr. Chen is humorous and he often tells funny jokes to make us l .
2．The film Born to Fly is well w watching. You can’t miss it.
3．The Sahara is the b desert in the world.
4．It’s so c in winter in Harbin that most people stay in warm houses.
5．Li Dong often d math problems with his classmates.
6．We don’t have umbrellas. We have to wait u the rain stops.
7．Su Lin is sitting by the pool and d orange juice.
8．—What’s the matter with Wu Wei
—She hurt h badly. She has a sore back.
9．You’d better not go out a at night in America because it’s not safe.
10．Mr. Yang’s h include singing, painting and playing chess.
11．There is no other food that is as s as nang in Xinjiang.
12．Women’s Day and Tree-planting Day are in M .
13．To have a greener life, it is better to walk or ride bicycles i of driving.
14．My mother always gets up e to cook breakfast for me.
15．I have a memory like an elephant and I never f anything.
16．Kate’s room is in good o and everything is in its proper place.
17．I r Wilson’s invitation to the party because I had to study for a test.
18．Our city received a lot of v during May Day holiday.
19．Breakfast is s between 7 and 9 a.m. in the hotel.
20．Another bridge is going to be built a the river this year.
21．Jack’s bike went wrong and he will r it this afternoon.
22．）Shenzhou-16 was sent into space in May. We are p of China’s progress.
23．It’s wrong to c other students’ homework. You should do it by yourself.
24．Which s do you prefer, spring or summer
25．Whose volleyball is this It must b to Carla. She loves volleyball a lot.
26．The boy in blue is my c , my uncle’s son.
27．）Our basketball team won the first place. How e ______ we felt!
28．What do you think of this piece of music It s beautiful but a little sad.
29．Chinese family members usually like to get together, e during the Spring Festival.
30．The library is o our school. To get there, we just need to cross the street.
附：
江苏省首字母填空中常考词汇梳理
名词：
A字母开头的：
ability accident activity actor actress addition address advantage advertisement aim all ambition amount answer area attention
B字母开头的：
balance base beginning being best bit block book bottom break breath broadcast business businessman
C 字母开头的：
call cancel capital case cause century chance charity chemical chemistry choice cigarette circle citizen class collection college colour company competition concert conclusion control cross culture custom customer
D字母开头的：
daily dark detail diet difference difficulty disaster distance dream
E字母开头的：
earth earthquake education effect end energy entrance environment example excuse exercise experience experiment
F字母开头的;
fact favour female figure finger fisherman forecast foreigner form France freedom French friend friendship fuel fun furniture future
G字母开头的：
game gas geography goal grade graduate greenhouse guest
H字母开头的：
habit health heart heat height history hobby holiday hope housework humour
I字母开头的：
idea income industry information invention inventor invitation island
J字母开头的：jam journalist journey joy judge
K字母开头的：kind kindergarten knowledge
L字母开头的：
language law lawyer length lie link list location lock luck
M字母开头的：
machine magazine mail manner market match matter meal memory menu message method mind minute mistake moment most much
N字母开头的: neighbour network number
O字母开头的：offer opinion order organization owner
P字母开头的：
pain paint painting part partner passenger performance place planet pollution practice president problem process
Q 字母开头的: question quarter
R字母开头的：
reason record relative resource responsibility rest restaurant result robbery rule run
S字母开头的：
safe safety sauce saying secret secretary section sense service sex shame shape sightseeing situation size skill square story success support surface surprise survey system
T字母开头的：
task temperature thought ticket traffic trouble try type
U字母开头的：use
V字母开头的：variety visitor
W 字母开头的; way wisdom wish wonder worry writer
代词：
A字母开头的：all another any anybody anything
B字母开头的：both
E字母开头的：each either everybody/everyone everything
M字母开头的：many
N字母开头的：neither nobody none nothing
O字母开头的：one other
S字母开头的：same some somebody/someone something
T字母开头的：that these this those
W字母开头的：what who
形容词：
A字母开头的：
able accurate active all ancient angry another any attractive automatic available awful
B字母开头的：
bad beautiful best better boring both brave
C字母开头的：
careful certain changeable cheap chemical close cold common complete confident convenient correct crazy crowded
D字母开头的：dangerous different difficult dull
E字母开头的：
each easy educational either else enjoyable enough every everyday excited exciting
F字母开头的：
fair favourite first fit following foreign forgetful freezing fresh
G字母开头的：general glad good great
H字母开头的：
hardworking healthy helpful historical horrible hungry
I字母开头的：
important impossible independent interested interesting
L字母开头的：last late likely limited local low lucky
M字母开头的：modern more most much
N字母开头的：nearby necessary neither nervous next
O字母开头的：only open opposite ordinary other outdoor own
P字母开头的：
pale perfect personal physical precious pretty private public
R字母开头的：real regular responsible retired
S字母开头的：
safe same serious several simple some spare special square straight strange strong successful such sure
T字母开头的：
teenage terrible thankful that these thin thirsty this those top traditional true
U字母开头的：unhealthy unusual useful usual upset
V字母开头的：various
W字母开头的：weak well which wooden wounded wrong
Y字母开头的： young
副词：
A字母开头的：
abroad actually after again ago ahead all almost along already also always angrily anywhere as
B字母开头的：back before behind best both
C字母开头的：carefully certainly clearly close
E字母开头的：
easily either enough especially even ever everywhere exactly
F字母开头的：far finally first forever
G字母开头的：gently
H字母开头的：
happily hard hardly heavily here home how however
I字母开头的：immediately in inside instead
J字母开头的：just
L字母开头的：last late later luckily
M字母开头的：mainly maybe more most much
N字母开头的：nearly neither never next no not nowhere
O字母开头的：often once only over
P字母开头的：perhaps politely possibly probably properly
Q字母开头的：quickly quite
R字母开头的：rather really recently right
S字母开头的：
safely second seldom seriously slowly so softly sometimes soon still suddenly
T字母开头的：then today together tomorrow too
U字母开头的：under up usually
W字母开头的：what when where why
Y字母开头的：yet
动词：
A字母开头的：
accept achieve add afford allow answer apologize appear arrange attack attract
B字母开头的： beat bite book borrow born break
C字母开头的：
cancel care cause celebrate change choose clear climb collect compare complain complete confuse connect consist control copy correct create
D字母开头的：
decide decorate describe dig disappear discover disturb drop
E字母开头的：
e-mail/email enable encourage end enjoy enter equal escape examine expect explain express
F字母开头的：fail fit fix focus follow frighten
G字母开头的：gain get
H字母开头的：
hang happen hate heat hesitate hold hope hunt hurry hurt
I字母开头的：imagine improve include increase interview introduce
J字母开头的： joke judge
K字母开头的： kick know
L字母开头的：land laugh lay lead link locate lock
M字母开头的：
manage match matter mean mind miss mistake move
N字母开头的：notice
O字母开头的：obey observe offer order organize own
P字母开头的：
place plan play pollute post practice predict prevent process produce promise protect prove put
R字母开头的：
realize receive recognize record reduce refuse relax repeat reply research respect review rob rule run rush
S字母开头的：
save search seem select sell send serve settle share shine solve spend spread study succeed suggest support suppose surprise survey
T字母开头的：
telephone/phone tell test thank think throw tie train translate transport try turn type
U字母开头的：understand use
W字母开头的：
wait wake walk want warn waste widen win wonder work worry
介词：
A字母开头的：
about above across after against along among around as at
B字母开头的：before by behind below beside besides between
D字母开头的：down during
E字母开头的：except
F字母开头的：for from
I字母开头的：in inside into
L字母开头的：like
N字母开头的：near
O字母开头的：on onto opposite outside over
S字母开头的：since
T字母开头的：through throughout till to towards
U字母开头的：under
W字母开头的：with within without
连词：
A字母开头的：and after although as
B字母开头的：because before but
H字母开头的：however
I字母开头的：if
N字母开头的：neither nor
O字母开头的：or
S字母开头的：since so
T字母开头的：than till
U字母开头的：unless
W字母开头的：when while
【模拟练】
Passage 1
【来源】2025年江苏省盐城市大丰区中考一模英语试题
Learning a new language is challenging, frustrating, and sometimes quite different. Here are some fresh tips on the best ways to learn a new language.
Make new f 1 . Friendship is one of the best ways to learn a foreign language, and the easiest way to get comfortable with the slang and intonation (语调). You can c 2 with your friends in local cafes, bars and restaurants and s 3 build a foundation (基础) for the language you want to learn. The great part is that you will be a 4 to practise the language freely!
Watch a movie. For the people who want to learn a language at home, it’s a good way to put on a foreign movie in a 5 language! If you don’t know enough of the words, keep a list of the new words you hear and what you think they mean. Look them up in the d 6 e on! Looking up words is fun!
Use the Internet. The Internet is a truly magical place. I 7 you’re looking for the best ways to learn a foreign language, look no further! F 8 using apps to watching videos, reading articles and so on, the Internet is ready to help you r 9 your foreign language learning goals.
Teach yourself. Spend a little bit of time every day writing out a s 10 you would like to know. Look up each word and try to recite it. If you have a language partner, have him or her check it when you meet up. This is a great way to keep yourself in check.
Passage 2
【来源】2025年江苏省盐城市射阳县中考一模英语试题
Thomas Edison was a great American i 11 . When he was a child, he was always asking questions and trying out new ideas. No matter how hard it was, he never g 12 up.
Young Thomas was in school for only three months. His teacher didn’t understand w 13 he had so many strange questions. Most of them were not about his lessons. The teacher didn’t want to teach Thomas any 14 . He asked Thomas’s mother to take the boy home. Thomas’s mother t 15 him to read and write, and she found him a very good pupil. He learnt very fast and became very i 16 in science.
One day, he saw a little boy p 17 on the railway tracks (铁轨) at a station. A train was coming near q 18 , and the boy was too a 19 to move. Edison rushed out and carried the boy to safety.
The boy’s father was so thankful that he taught Edison to s 20 messages by telegraph .
Passage 3
【来源】2025年江苏省南通市海安市13校中考一模英语试题
Wang Yaping is one of China’s famous astronauts. She was born in a small v 21 in Yantai, Shandong Province in 1980. She had been a long-distance runner since primary school, and c 22 in local sports meetings.
In 1997, Wang Yaping was a high school student. Her classmates encouraged her to be one of the seventh batch (批) of female p 23 in China because she was good at sports and didn’t wear glasses. L 24 , Wang passed all the tests as well as physical examinations!
Wang Yaping’s dream of becoming an a 25 started in 2003, when Yang Liwei finished his space flight. “Now China has its first man in space. When will our country have its first woman ” Thought Wang. At that time, she was working as a f 26 pilot in China’s air force (空军). In May 2010, Wang became a member of China’s first batch of female astronauts. Wang is also China’s s 27 woman in space, after Liu Yang made history by joining the Shenzhou-9 spacecraft in 2012.
On O 28 16, 2021, China sent the Shenzhou-13 spaceship into space successfully. Wang Yaping was one of the three astronauts in the flight crew. On November 7, 2021, Wang Yaping has become China’s first female astronaut to walk in outer space. She has left her mark on history thanks to her “bravery”.
For this mission, Wang Yaping has trained for over 6000 h 29 . One tough (艰苦的) exercise is the underwater training. It lasts seven hours each time. She had to wear a 200-kilogram suit and do tasks in 10-meter-deep water w 30 eating or going to the toilet. No matter what difficulties she faces, Wang Yaping never gives up!
Passage 4
【来源】江苏省南京市联合体2024-2025学年下学期九年级期初英语试题
“Travelling is the body on the road, and reading is the mind on the road. Both of them o 51 a way to meet our great curiosity,” Ye Zi, a young scholar, said on the Chinese ‘TV show Read Books on an Island Season 3. On the show, some of China’s famous w 52 , such as Yu Hua and Su Tong, discuss their favourite literature.
The new season is set in Crete, the largest island in Greece. The viewers can e 53 the cultural exchange between China and western countries. Also, it can help good literature from China and a 54 reach more people.
The show shows us the important role of literature in c 55 different cultures. When the group of writers saw a beautiful sunrise in Crete, they talked about h 56 well-known writers from China and the West write about sunrise. Though these writers come from different cultures, their works show there’s something s 57 about human experience. Yu Hua also discussed the different literary (文学的) traditions. He d 58 that the sun often represents love in the West, while the moon stands for love in China.
“Greece used to be a place only in my imagination and in the b 59 . Visiting Greece brought my imagination to life,” Su Tong said. This shows a close relationship between travel and literature. Many places that are m 60 in literature now become places of interest for tourists.
The show offers a chance for writers, readers and literary works to “meet” each other. As we go further into the literary world, we can connect with ourselves and the world around us.
Passage 5
【来源】2025年江苏省镇江市丹徒区中考一模英语试题
Cats might not answer when we talk to them, but they could be listening more carefully than we i 61 . A new study suggests that cats can learn to connect spoken words with pictures.
Researchers from Azabu University in Japan, led by Saho Takagi, did an experiment (实验) with 31 cats. They played recordings of the cats’ owners words l 62 “parumo” or “keraru”. While listening, the cats saw pictures on a screen, such as a red sun or a w 63 horse. The pictures became bigger and smaller to k 64 the cats interested. After showing the same word-picture pairs several times, the cats became b 65 and went away.
In the next part of the study, the researchers showed one of the pictures to the cats again. But for half of the cats, they changed the word that match the picture. The cats that heard the “wrong” word looked at the picture for a longer time. This showed that they were confused (困惑的) b 66 they didn’t hear the word they used to hear. Some cats’ eyes got bigger as they looked at the screen. That was another sign that they were confused by what they saw and heard. Takagi said, “It was really cute to see how s 67 the cats took part in the experiment.”
Most cats connected the word to the picture after just two short training periods, each lasting 9 seconds. This is f 68 than how human babies learn in similar experiments.
This study is part of more research about cats’ ability to understand l 69 . Before, studies found that cats can recognize (识别) their own names, and also the names of the people and other cats in their “family.” Takagi said, “Cats listen to what we say in our d 70 life and try to understand us more than we think.”
【真题练】
一、短文首字母填空
（2024·江苏南通·中考真题）请认真阅读下面短文，并根据各题所给首字母的提示，写出一个合适的英语单词完整的、正确的形式，使短文通顺。
The world is changing very fast. Scientific technologies are now influencing a 1 every field of life. A scientist once said that success in developing scientific technologies would be one of the biggest events in human history, but he thought some of them might also be the last unless we learn to avoid the risks. For m 2 society, scientific technologies are amazing but humans may face a lot of challenges.
Will humans be controlled by scientific technologies in the future Some people say “Yes”. They think humans will be under control completely. I 3 computers are implanted (植入) inside brains, things will be much worse. With the d 4 of technologies, robots have taken the place of humans in some fields and it may make some people l 5 their jobs. What’s more, data centres need a large amount of energy to run. At the same time, it produces so much h 6 all the time that a great deal of water is used for cooling. All these may be the risks the scientist referred to.
However, other people don’t a 7 . They are hopeful about the relationship between scientific technologies and humans. They say that scientific technologies have done much for us and made our daily lives much easier. They can free people from doing housework, writing articles or e 8 making films. For example, some technologies can change words into short videos easily and make it p 9 for some common people to be directors.
Every coin has two sides. Rather than worrying about the risks of scientific technologies, we should learn to use them in a w 10 way and manage them well.
二、短文首字母填空
（2024·江苏淮安·中考真题）根据短文内容及所给首字母提示，写出所缺单词，使短文意思完整、通顺，每空一词。
You may think it is impossible for people in flats to have a beautiful garden. That’s not true! The rooftop gardens (屋顶花园) are becoming more and more p 11 in big cities now. It is a nice way to turn an empty space into a pretty and relaxing area.
Rooftop gardens seem very modern. But in fact, it has a long history. More than 2,000 years a 12 ancient people started to build the rooftop gardens. Those gardens had the same purpose. If an enemy army attacked the city, they might destroy the city’s food which could keep people a 13 . So the advice of moving the farming places to the top of the houses was g 14 .
Today’s rooftop gardens are different f 15 the old ones. They also have other uses. For example. the plants in the garden take in more heat. The temperature in the house below is usually lower in summer. S 16 the air conditioner (空调) is less often used. More energy can be saved.
However, a rooftop garden needs more c 17 . First of all, build a fence (栅栏) around it. The w 18 may blow your plants down from the roof. You don’t want anyone to get hurt, do you Also, remember that rooftop gardens get more sunshine. If you have plants that shouldn’t s 19 in it for too long, you may have to put them in the shade sometimes.
It’s not e 20 to look after a rooftop garden, but if you put your heart into it, you will make your little part of the city much nicer.
三、短文首字母填空
（2024·江苏镇江·中考真题）根据短文内容及所给首字母提示写出所缺单词，使短文意思完整，每空一词。
Zodiac animals are important to the Chinese people for long. Many years ago, a president from a foreign country v 21 China. At the dinner, he presented people with a riddle, “There are twelve things that can be given to all the Chinese, and each person can get his or her o 22 . What are the twelve things ” The answer is of course the “12 zodiac animals”. As a cultural sign that stays with a person since his or her b 23 , the zodiac animal of the year plays an important role in e 24 life. Even today, many Chinese people will use “What is your zodiac animal ” instead of “How old are you ” when they ask about a person’s a 25 .
In ancient times, people formed clans (部落). Different clans had different signs. The clans usually used the looks of animals. O 26 , an important meeting was held. At the meeting, the animals used by the most powerful clans were d 27 as the zodiac animals.
Just l 28 China, many other countries also have similar systems of zodiac animals. For example, India has a system of 12 zodiac animals, which is a 29 the same as that of China, with only the lion in the place of the tiger. The Vietnamese (越南的) system has cat instead of rabbit, but the other e 30 animals remain the same. It is widely believed that it was the Chinese zodiac culture that spread to the countries nearby.
四、短文首字母填空
（2024·江苏盐城·中考真题）Do you have a friend with an interesting background Today, I’d like to tell you about a friend of m 31 with it. I’ll tell you a bit about her, such as where she’s from and why we’re good friends.
You know, I didn’t use to do s 32 . However, a couple of years ago, I j 33 a fitness club. There, I met Linda. After the exercise, we had coffee together and b 34 good friends soon. I think we have a lot in c 35 —we both like to keep fit and love trying different food. And we love the ocean; in summer, we like to play at the b 36 and go swimming there. Linda was b 37 in London, but has lived in China for ten years. So she can s 38 both Chinese and English. That’s something different about us. Another d 39 is her background—Linda has experience and knowledge of two cultures.
So, now you know a bit about my friend Linda. Although we might not always live in the same city in the f 40 , I think we’ll stay friends forever.
五、短文首字母填空
（2024·江苏扬州·中考真题）根据短文内容和首字母提示，在下文空格处填入适当的词使短文完整。在答题卡标有题号的横线上，完整地写出空缺处各单词的正确形式。（每空一词）
Even though my grandfather was a farmer, my grandmother would iron his work clothes every day. Grandmother mixed up her own starch (淀粉浆) in a glass b 41 with a metal cap that had several holes. She sprinkled Grandfather’s jeans with the starch, hung them over a chair for a few minutes, and then i 42 them.
Because I watched her do this through my childhood, I thought every old woman did it. But as the years passed, I began to question this p 43 . Why did Grandfather need his work clothes ironed Most days, he never saw anyone b 44 me and maybe a few other farmers. The clothes became dirty in just a short time. Why did Grandmother s 45 devote time and effort to ironing Grandfather’s clothes that were rarely seen
One day when I was about 13, I asked Grandmother about it. She told me Grandfather was the most handsome man in the world. Later that day, I looked c 46 at Grandfather. He sure didn’t look so handsome to me. He was short and fat with false teeth (假牙). Later I told her my thought.
She gave me a girlish smile and said, “You just aren’t looking in the right light, Cathy. I remember when he had r 47 teeth. He has the most beautiful eyes I have ever seen. They are e 48 the same color as the sky just before the sun goes down. I want the world to see my h 49 as the most beautiful man. I want him to feel beautiful. I iron his clothes every day because for all these years, he has made me feel beautiful.”
The years went on, and I watched Grandmother and Grandfather grow old together. I was probably 30 when I u 50 what beauty really was. It was Grandmother ironing Grandfather’s jeans with starch from a glass bottle.
六、短文首字母填空
（2024·江苏连云港·中考真题）根据短文意思和首字母提示，写出一个完整正确的单词。
Community connects us with each other. A community is a p 51 where people live, work and play together. It’s just like a school, where s 52 help each other to learn. People in a community h 53 one another, too.
People in a community have different skills. They often help neighbors s 54 all kinds of problems. For example, sometimes people do not feel well. The d 55 and nurses will make them feel better. There are also some engineers. They may help people f 56 their broken bicycles or washing machines. When people don’t know what to wear to a party or how to design their homes, the artists will give them some a 57 .
Some college students work as volunteers in their s 58 time. They often do some cleaning for the old people and help students with their h 59 .
Community is not a building or an organization. It is like a big f 60 . Members of a community have a sense of trust, safety and caring for each other.
七、短文首字母填空
（2023·江苏盐城·中考真题）根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使其意思完整。
Fu Ting lost her right arm in an accident when she was 3. At the a 61 of 13, she went to a sports school in Xiangtan, Hunan Province. She began swimming t 62 there. Fu Ting took part in Athens 2004 Paralympic Games and other events d 63 her years as an athlete, and won 18 gold medals.
After retiring in 2004, Fu Ting decided to e 64 a university to study law. Through hard work, she graduated and worked as a lawyer. In 2017, Fu Ting set up a service group, p 65 free legal(法律的) help for the disabled. At the s 66 time, she also joined a volunteer group, sharing her life stories in primary and secondary schools, giving legal speeches in communities, in order to encourage more people to help those disabled people in n 67 .
“In the face of the disabled, we should first ‘respect’ and t 68 ‘help’,” Fu Ting said. “I’m h 69 to help them with my own experience and knowledge. And I hope they can help make o 70 country better. I believe I will keep on doing that.”
八、短文首字母填空
（2023·江苏南京·中考真题）请根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词。
An excerpt (节选) from the famous classic novel Alice in Wonderland reads as follows: “Would you tell me, please, which way I ought to go from here ” asked Alice.
“That d 71 a great deal on where you want to get to,” said the Cheshire Cat.
“I don’t much care where!” said Alice.
“Then it doesn’t matter which way you go,” replied the cat.
Most of us are l 72 Alice in the above dialogue. We don’t have a specific (明确的) idea of where we want to r 73 and what we want to become in life. It is said that “Good luck is the r 74 of good planning” and “Well planned is half done”. To plan means to look ahead and design f 75 courses of action to be followed. Decide what e 76 you want to achieve and plan in detail when and how you are going to do a specific activity. According to Koontz & O’ Donell, “Planning is d 77 what to do, how to do and who is to do it in advance (事先). Planning works as a b 78 between where we are and where we want to go. It makes possible things happen, which wouldn’t otherwise happen”.
So start p 79 yourselves for your future plans right away. Plan your present well so you would have nothing to r 80 in future. Now it’s time for you to take important decisions!
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)专题17 短文首字母填空之重难点突破
目录
题型综述 1
解题攻略 2
从词性角度判定 2
从语法考查角度分析 4
从句子成分角度分析.................................................................................................................5
其他做题思路.............................................................................................................................6
首字母填空单句训练.................................................................................................................7
首字母填空高频词汇 12
中考练场 22
【题型解读】
首字母填空已经成为上海中考英语压轴大题，是难度最大的一种题型。该题要求是根据句意和已给出的首字母，在句子的空白处填上适当的单词，使句子意思完整，语法正确的一种题型。该题型既考查学生的单词记忆和拼写能力，又考查学生对句子的理解和运用能力。
【命题规律】
词汇：考查学生对单词的拼写、词义理解和词汇运用能力。含名词、动词、形容词、副词、代词、介词等。
语法：考查学生对语法知识的掌握，如时态、语态、主谓一致、词性转换等。
语境理解：要求学生根据上下文的语境，理解句子的含义，推断出所缺单词的意思。
固定搭配：考查学生对固定短语、习惯用语的掌握和运用能力。
文章题材：通常选取与学生生活、学习、社会热点等相关的短文，具有一定的教育意义和趣味性。
难度设置：难度会适中，既考查学生的基础知识，又有一定的挑战性，以区分学生的英语水平。
能力要求：注重考查学生的阅读理解能力、逻辑推理能力和语言运用能力，要求学生能够准确理解文章的主旨大意，把握上下文的逻辑关系，从而推断出所缺单词。总之，中考英语首字母填空旨在考查学生的英语综合能力，学生需要在平时的学习中注重词汇积累、语法学习和阅读训练，提高自己的语言运用能力和解题技巧。
【解题技巧】
1. 跳过空格，不看选项，快速地阅读全文，从整体上感知全文，掌握大意，了解全篇的内容和要旨。
快速阅读时宁粗勿细，切忌只盯住一个句子仓促解题，这样势必因胸无全局而误入歧途。快速阅读时，还要注意找出关键词，这些词在文中起支撑骨架的功能，抓住了关键词就抓住了故事的线索。特别是要重视首句，善于以首句的时态、语气为立足点，理清文脉，推测全文时态、主题及大意。
2. 复读短文，确定语义，判断词形。
把握短文大意后再认真复读短文，利用上下文的语境，结合所学过的知识，先确定空格处所需词语的意义，再根据空格在句子中的位置，判断其在句中充当的成分，从而确定所填词的词性，再依据词语搭配和语法规则，判断所填词的正确形式。如短文难度较大，尤其是难于选词时，从本句的前后观察中一时尚不得要领，就要进一步扩大到上下文中分析。
3. 三读短文，上下参照，验证答案。
在短文的空白处分别填上一个词后，将完成的短文再细读一遍，上下参照，连贯思考。可从上下文内容是否协调一致、顺理成章，语法结构是否正确无误等进行综合验证，凡有疑问必须重新推敲考虑。
【考点诠释】
（一）从词性角度判定
1.所填词的词性的初步判定方法：
(1)若空格在be动词或感官动词后，空格处填形容词；
(2)若空格在冠词、形容词等之后，空格处填名词，并且考虑名词是否变复数；
(3)若空格前是介词，空格处一般填名词或动名词；
(4)若空格位于句首，且后有逗号，空格处一般填副词；
(5)对于动词、形容词等，要考虑固定搭配，从而确定其后面的介词或副词；
(6)同时，要结合上下文填写合适的连词、名词等；另外，比较等级的常用结构也不可忽视。
2.判断所填词的词性具体方法：
(1)填动词
①若句中缺少谓语，需填动词。
②情态动词could, have to, can, may, should, must，would等后需填动词原形。
③在一些动词不定式结构中，文中给出to时，空格处需填动词原形。
如：It‘s＋adj.＋for/ of sb. to do sth.对某人来说做某事是……
seem to do sth. 看起来要做某事；be sure to do sth.一定会做某事
④在一些动词短语或动词和介词的固定搭配中，需填动词。
如：ask for请求；give up放弃
(2)填名词
①位于句首，在句中作主语。
②位于动词或介词后作宾语。如：producing light
③位于形容词后。
④位于限定词this, these, those, many, some, any, a lot of等后。 如：these ideas
⑤位于数词后。如：ten minutes
⑥其他：位于系动词后作表语；冠词、形容词性物主代词；名词所有格及一些固定搭配中。
(3)填连词
若空格前后或空格后是两个完整的句子，则需要考虑使用连词，再结合前后句意。
①若表示条件关系，用if，unless；
②表示转折关系，用but；
③表示选择关系用or；
④表示因果关系，用because，so等；
⑤表示让步关系，用though，although；
⑥表示时间关系，用when，while，until等。
(4)填形容词
①位于系动词后作表语。如：seem very small
②位于名词前作定语。如：their own problem
③位于复合不定代词之后。
④位于宾语之后作宾补，常与make，leave，keep 等动词连用。
(5)填副词
①修饰动词、形容词或其他副词。
②位于句首作状语，修饰整个句子。
③实义动词之前或助动词、情态动词之后常用频度副词。
④在问句中且设空处位于句首，可考虑使用疑问副词
（二） 从语法考查角度分析
1. 名词：单复数形式, 所有格的用法
September 10th is Teachers’ Day.
In autumn after a strong wind, the ground is often covered with fallen leaves.
2. 动词：时态，语态的变化
We could not run faster than cheetahs,so we invented cars and now we can move the fastest.
When you laugh ,you will open your mouth and your teeth.
3. 形容词、副词：比较等级的用法
Last Sunday，we played happily in the park, though we were very tired.
Summer is the hottest season of the year.
4. 代词：单复数 人称代词 反身代词 指示代词 关系代词 不定代词 等的用法
Help yourself to some fish，Jim.
Mrs Green said to the twins .”Help yourselves to some fish please. ”
This book belongs to Mary. It is hers.
5. 连词：并列与从属连词的用法
For years, we played other people’s songs, but now we play mostly our own songs.
She didn’t go to school yesterday ,because she was ill.
（三） 从句子成分角度分析
句子是按照一定的语法规律组成的，表达一个完整的意义。一个句子一般由两部分构成，即主语部分和谓语部分，这两部分也叫做句子的主要成分。句子的次要成分包括宾语，定语，状语，表语、同位语等。
1.名词表示人和物，实词。句中主要作主语和宾语。
例 1：Tony’s family was preparing dinner when Amy arrived. The family was cooking vegetables with hot oil. The k was filled with many good smells.
解析：the 后接名词，充当主语。根据上文 cooking 等，这里填写 kitchen。
2.动词表示人或事物的动作、行为、发展、变化。句中作谓语和非谓语动词形式。
例 1：Tony is Chinese American. Hisfamily members gather together and serve a traditional Chinese meal once a week. Last week Tony i his friend Amy for it.
解析：此空所填词在句中作谓语动词，后跟宾语从句，所以判断此处所填应为及物动词，根据上文中 meal 可知填 invited。
3.形 容 词 主 要 修 饰 名 词 ， 表 示 事 物 的 形 状 、 性 质 、 颜 色 、 状 态等。
例：Don't drive your car in London! Car parks are very e . You have to pay a special congestion charge (拥堵费) to drive your car into the city centre.
解析：所填成分在剧中修饰主语 car parks，，修饰名词用形容词，所以判断此空填写的词为形容词。根据下文 a special charge 意思可知填 expensive。
4.副词说明时间、地点、程度、方式等，修饰动词、形容词、整个句子；
例：Tickets at reducedprices are not available for first-class travels or for travels a ,such as
to France or Germany.
解析：所填之空作状语修饰动词，判断此处词性应为副词，根据上下文得出此处填 abroad（adv. 更好的；更多的；较大程度地），修饰 travel。
5.连词用来连接词与词，词组与词组，句子与句子的虚词，主要表示逻辑关系。U we are careful, it’s easy to fail to recognized an opportunity when it is in hand.
解析：此句中有两个分句，而没有连词链接，所以判断空中填入的应为连词，而根据上下文意，这里应填入表示条件的连词 unless（“除非”）
（四） 其他做题思路：
（1） 依据习惯用法与固定搭配进行填词：
如:W his help, the old man was safe. The boy thanked him very much.
从句意我们就知道是“在他的帮助下”， with his help.
（2）依据语法知识进行填词：
如:It was a l earlier.
从句中的earlier可以看出它是比较级,修饰形容词比较级有前面有a,那肯定就是little.
（3） 依据常识的积累进行填词：
如:But it was too late. His friend was very angry. Mr. White said nothing but only one word “S .” Mr. White迟到了，他的朋友很生气，他什么都没说，只说了一个字“S .”
我们根据常识肯定是向他的朋友道歉，所以肯定填sorry.
（4）依据逻辑推理与句意理解进行填词：
如： One Sunday afternoon, Mr. White drove his new car to his friend’s house happily. He wanted to p his friend up at five and then went to see a new movie together.
根据句意，Mr. White高兴地开着车去他的朋友家，然后一起去看电影，我们可以进行逻辑推理，他肯定是去接他的朋友，所以填pick.
（五） 首字母填空单句训练
1．Mr. Chen is humorous and he often tells funny jokes to make us l .
【答案】(l)augh
【详解】句意：陈老师是幽默的，他总是讲有趣的笑话来使我们发笑。根据“Mr. Chen is humorous and he often tells funny jokes”可知幽默的人，讲了有趣的笑话会使人发笑，laugh“笑”，make后接省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。故填(l)augh。
2．The film Born to Fly is well w watching. You can’t miss it.
【答案】(w)orth
【详解】句意：电影《长空之王》非常值得一看。你不能错过。根据首字母可知，此处是be worth doing sth.“值得做某事”。故填(w)orth。
3．The Sahara is the b desert in the world.
【答案】(b)iggest
【详解】句意：撒哈拉沙漠是世界上最大的沙漠。根据“The Sahara”及常识可知，此处讲世界上最大的沙漠，big“大的”，是形容词，结合“the”以及“in the world”可知，此处要用最高级形式，故填(b)iggest。
4．It’s so c in winter in Harbin that most people stay in warm houses.
【答案】(c)old
【详解】句意：哈尔滨的冬天很冷，所以大多数人都待在暖和的房子里。根据首字母提示及“in winter in Harbin that most people stay in warm houses.”可知，哈尔滨冬天很冷，cold“寒冷的”，是形容词作表语，故填(c)old。
5．Li Dong often d math problems with his classmates.
【答案】(d)iscusses
【详解】句意：李东经常和他的同学讨论数学问题。根据“Li Dong often d... math problems with his classmates.”可推出是和同学们讨论数学问题，discuss“讨论”，根据“often”可知用一般现在时，主语“Li Dong”后接动词第三人称单数形式。故填(d)iscusses。
6．We don’t have umbrellas. We have to wait u the rain stops.
【答案】(u)ntil
【详解】句意：我们没有雨伞。我们不得不等到雨停下为止。根据“We don’t have umbrellas.”可知没有雨伞，要一直等到雨停，until“直到”，引导时间状语从句。故填(u)ntil。
7．Su Lin is sitting by the pool and d orange juice.
【答案】(d)rinking
【详解】句意：苏林坐在池塘边，喝着橙汁。and连接并列的现在分词，根据“orange juice”可知此处指喝橙汁，drink表示“喝”。故填(d)rinking。
8．—What’s the matter with Wu Wei
—She hurt h badly. She has a sore back.
【答案】(h)erself
【详解】句意：——吴微怎么了？——她伤得很重。她背痛。根据“She has a sore back.”可知把她自己伤得很重，用反身代词herself表示“她自己”。故填(h)erself。
9．You’d better not go out a at night in America because it’s not safe.
【答案】(a)lone
【详解】句意：在美国夜里最好不要单独出去，因为不安全。此空为副词修饰动词，根据“at night in America because it’s not safe.”可知夜里单独出去不安全，alone表示“独自”。故填(a)lone。
10．Mr. Yang’s h include singing, painting and playing chess.
【答案】(h)obbies
【详解】句意：杨先生的爱好包括唱歌、画画和下国际象棋。根据“include singing, painting and playing chess”可知这些是爱好且不止一个，用hobby表示“爱好”，此处用其复数形式hobbies。故填(h)obbies。
11．There is no other food that is as s as nang in Xinjiang.
【答案】(s)pecial
【详解】句意：在新疆，没有比馕更特别的食物了。根据“There is no other food that is as s...as nang in Xinjiang.”可知，在新疆，没有比馕更特别的食物。special“特殊的”，本句as...as...中间用形容词原级作表语，故填(s)pecial。
12．Women’s Day and Tree-planting Day are in M .
【答案】(M)arch
【详解】句意：妇女节和植树节都是在三月。根据“Women’s Day and Tree-planting Day”可知，妇女节和植树节都是在三月，根据首字母M可知此处应填入表示月份的专有名词March表示“三月”。故填(M)arch。
13．To have a greener life, it is better to walk or ride bicycles i of driving.
【答案】(i)nstead
【详解】句意：为了拥有更环保的生活，最好是步行或骑自行车而不是开车。根据“it is better to walk or ride bicycles ... of driving.”及首字母提示可知，此处指最好步行、骑自行车而不是开车，instead of“而不是”，固定短语，故填(i)nstead。
14．My mother always gets up e to cook breakfast for me.
【答案】(e)arly
【详解】句意：我妈妈总是早起为我做早餐。根据“gets up e…to cook breakfast for me”可知，妈妈需要早起为我做早餐，early“早地”符合题意。故填(e)arly。
15．I have a memory like an elephant and I never f anything.
【答案】(f)orget
【详解】句意：我的记忆力像大象一样好，我从来没有忘记过任何事情。根据“I have a memory like an elephant ”可知，记忆力很好，所以空处指从未忘记过任何事，forget“忘记”，主语是I，时态是一般现在时，所以谓语动词用原形，故填(f)orget。
16．Kate’s room is in good o and everything is in its proper place.
【答案】(o)rder
【详解】句意：凯特的房间秩序井然，所有东西都在合适的位置上。根据“everything is in its proper place”可知，所有东西都在合适的位置上，根据首字母o可知此处应用介词短语in good order表示“秩序井然，井然有序”。故填(o)rder。
17．I r Wilson’s invitation to the party because I had to study for a test.
【答案】(r)efused
【详解】句意：我拒绝了Wilson的聚会邀请因为我必须为考试而学习。根据“because I had to study for a test.”可知是拒绝了邀请，refuse“拒绝”，根据“had”可知时态是一般过去时。故填(r)efused。
18．Our city received a lot of v during May Day holiday.
【答案】(v)isitors
【详解】句意：五一期间，我们城市接待了很多游客。根据“during May Day holiday”和首字母v可知此处应用名词visitor表示“游客”，a lot of修饰复数名词，visitor的复数形式为visitors。故填(v)isitors。
19．Breakfast is s between 7 and 9 a.m. in the hotel.
【答案】(s)erved
【详解】句意：酒店的早餐供应时间是早上7点到9点。根据“Breakfast is s...between 7 and 9 a.m. in the hotel.”可知，此处是指酒店提供早餐，serve“服务，(给某人)提供”，是动词，和主语之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，动词用过去分词，故填(s)erved。
20．Another bridge is going to be built a the river this year.
【答案】(a)cross
【详解】句意：今年将在这条河上再建一座桥。根据题干和常识可知，桥是建立在河上，而且横穿过河，across“穿过”符合语境，故填(a)cross。
21．Jack’s bike went wrong and he will r it this afternoon.
【答案】(r)epair
【详解】句意：杰克的自行车坏了，他今天下午要把它修好。根据“Jack’s bike went wrong”和首字母可知，是指修理自行车，repair“修理”，是动词，will后用动词原形，故填(r)epair。
22．）Shenzhou-16 was sent into space in May. We are p of China’s progress.
【答案】(p)roud
【详解】句意：神舟十六号在五月份发射升空。我们为中国的进步感到自豪。根据“Shenzhou-16 was sent into space in May. We are...of China’s progress.”和所给首字母提示可知，应是为中国的进步感到自豪，be proud of“为……感到自豪”，proud“骄傲的，自豪的”。故填(p)roud。
23．It’s wrong to c other students’ homework. You should do it by yourself.
【答案】(c)opy
【详解】句意：抄袭其他学生的作业是错误的。你应该自己做这件事。根据“It’s wrong to … other students’ homework. You should do it by yourself.”可知，应该自己做作业，所以前一句说的是抄别人作业是不对的，copy“抄袭”，动词不定式符号to后接动词原形，故填(c)opy。
24．Which s do you prefer, spring or summer
【答案】(s)eason
【详解】句意：你喜欢哪个季节，春天还是夏天？根据“spring or summer”可知，应是询问喜欢哪个季节，season“季节”，which后跟单数名词，故填(s)eason。
25．Whose volleyball is this It must b to Carla. She loves volleyball a lot.
【答案】(b)elong
【详解】句意：——这是谁的排球？——一定是卡拉的。她非常喜欢排球。根据“Whose volleyball is this ”及所给首字母可知，此处指“排球属于卡拉”，belong to“属于”，must后跟动词原形。故填(b)elong。
26．The boy in blue is my c , my uncle’s son.
【答案】(c)ousin
【详解】句意：穿蓝衣服的男孩是我的堂弟，我叔叔的儿子。根据“my uncle’s son”可知叔叔的儿子是堂兄弟，用cousin，结合“son”可知用单数。故填(c)ousin。
27．）Our basketball team won the first place. How e ______ we felt!
【答案】(e)xcited【详解】句意：我们的篮球队得了第一名。我们感到多么兴奋啊！根据“Our basketball team won the first place. How e...we felt!”可知，得了第一名，会感到兴奋，excited“兴奋的”，修饰人，故填excited。
28．What do you think of this piece of music It s beautiful but a little sad.
【答案】(s)ounds
【详解】句意：——你觉得这首曲子怎么样？——听起来很美，但有点悲伤。根据“It s...beautiful but a little sad.”可知，曲子听起来很美但悲伤，sound“听起来”，主语是it，动词用三单。故填(s)ounds。
29．Chinese family members usually like to get together, e during the Spring Festival.
【答案】(e)specially
【详解】句意：中国家庭成员通常喜欢聚在一起，尤其是在春节期间。根据“Chinese family members usually like to get together, e...during the Spring Festival.”可知，尤其在春节期间喜欢聚在一起，especially“尤其”符合语境，故填(e)specially。
30．The library is o our school. To get there, we just need to cross the street.
【答案】(o)pposite
【详解】句意：图书馆在我们学校的对面。要到那里，我们只需要穿过马路。根据“we just need to cross the street”可知，需要过马路，所以是在对面，opposite“在……对面”符合语境，故填(o)pposite。
附：
江苏省首字母填空中常考词汇梳理
名词：
A字母开头的：
ability accident activity actor actress addition address advantage advertisement aim all ambition amount answer area attention
B字母开头的：
balance base beginning being best bit block book bottom break breath broadcast business businessman
C 字母开头的：
call cancel capital case cause century chance charity chemical chemistry choice cigarette circle citizen class collection college colour company competition concert conclusion control cross culture custom customer
D字母开头的：
daily dark detail diet difference difficulty disaster distance dream
E字母开头的：
earth earthquake education effect end energy entrance environment example excuse exercise experience experiment
F字母开头的;
fact favour female figure finger fisherman forecast foreigner form France freedom French friend friendship fuel fun furniture future
G字母开头的：
game gas geography goal grade graduate greenhouse guest
H字母开头的：
habit health heart heat height history hobby holiday hope housework humour
I字母开头的：
idea income industry information invention inventor invitation island
J字母开头的：jam journalist journey joy judge
K字母开头的：kind kindergarten knowledge
L字母开头的：
language law lawyer length lie link list location lock luck
M字母开头的：
machine magazine mail manner market match matter meal memory menu message method mind minute mistake moment most much
N字母开头的: neighbour network number
O字母开头的：offer opinion order organization owner
P字母开头的：
pain paint painting part partner passenger performance place planet pollution practice president problem process
Q 字母开头的: question quarter
R字母开头的：
reason record relative resource responsibility rest restaurant result robbery rule run
S字母开头的：
safe safety sauce saying secret secretary section sense service sex shame shape sightseeing situation size skill square story success support surface surprise survey system
T字母开头的：
task temperature thought ticket traffic trouble try type
U字母开头的：use
V字母开头的：variety visitor
W 字母开头的; way wisdom wish wonder worry writer
代词：
A字母开头的：all another any anybody anything
B字母开头的：both
E字母开头的：each either everybody/everyone everything
M字母开头的：many
N字母开头的：neither nobody none nothing
O字母开头的：one other
S字母开头的：same some somebody/someone something
T字母开头的：that these this those
W字母开头的：what who
形容词：
A字母开头的：
able accurate active all ancient angry another any attractive automatic available awful
B字母开头的：
bad beautiful best better boring both brave
C字母开头的：
careful certain changeable cheap chemical close cold common complete confident convenient correct crazy crowded
D字母开头的：dangerous different difficult dull
E字母开头的：
each easy educational either else enjoyable enough every everyday excited exciting
F字母开头的：
fair favourite first fit following foreign forgetful freezing fresh
G字母开头的：general glad good great
H字母开头的：
hardworking healthy helpful historical horrible hungry
I字母开头的：
important impossible independent interested interesting
L字母开头的：last late likely limited local low lucky
M字母开头的：modern more most much
N字母开头的：nearby necessary neither nervous next
O字母开头的：only open opposite ordinary other outdoor own
P字母开头的：
pale perfect personal physical precious pretty private public
R字母开头的：real regular responsible retired
S字母开头的：
safe same serious several simple some spare special square straight strange strong successful such sure
T字母开头的：
teenage terrible thankful that these thin thirsty this those top traditional true
U字母开头的：unhealthy unusual useful usual upset
V字母开头的：various
W字母开头的：weak well which wooden wounded wrong
Y字母开头的： young
副词：
A字母开头的：
abroad actually after again ago ahead all almost along already also always angrily anywhere as
B字母开头的：back before behind best both
C字母开头的：carefully certainly clearly close
E字母开头的：
easily either enough especially even ever everywhere exactly
F字母开头的：far finally first forever
G字母开头的：gently
H字母开头的：
happily hard hardly heavily here home how however
I字母开头的：immediately in inside instead
J字母开头的：just
L字母开头的：last late later luckily
M字母开头的：mainly maybe more most much
N字母开头的：nearly neither never next no not nowhere
O字母开头的：often once only over
P字母开头的：perhaps politely possibly probably properly
Q字母开头的：quickly quite
R字母开头的：rather really recently right
S字母开头的：
safely second seldom seriously slowly so softly sometimes soon still suddenly
T字母开头的：then today together tomorrow too
U字母开头的：under up usually
W字母开头的：what when where why
Y字母开头的：yet
动词：
A字母开头的：
accept achieve add afford allow answer apologize appear arrange attack attract
B字母开头的： beat bite book borrow born break
C字母开头的：
cancel care cause celebrate change choose clear climb collect compare complain complete confuse connect consist control copy correct create
D字母开头的：
decide decorate describe dig disappear discover disturb drop
E字母开头的：
e-mail/email enable encourage end enjoy enter equal escape examine expect explain express
F字母开头的：fail fit fix focus follow frighten
G字母开头的：gain get
H字母开头的：
hang happen hate heat hesitate hold hope hunt hurry hurt
I字母开头的：imagine improve include increase interview introduce
J字母开头的： joke judge
K字母开头的： kick know
L字母开头的：land laugh lay lead link locate lock
M字母开头的：
manage match matter mean mind miss mistake move
N字母开头的：notice
O字母开头的：obey observe offer order organize own
P字母开头的：
place plan play pollute post practice predict prevent process produce promise protect prove put
R字母开头的：
realize receive recognize record reduce refuse relax repeat reply research respect review rob rule run rush
S字母开头的：
save search seem select sell send serve settle share shine solve spend spread study succeed suggest support suppose surprise survey
T字母开头的：
telephone/phone tell test thank think throw tie train translate transport try turn type
U字母开头的：understand use
W字母开头的：
wait wake walk want warn waste widen win wonder work worry
介词：
A字母开头的：
about above across after against along among around as at
B字母开头的：before by behind below beside besides between
D字母开头的：down during
E字母开头的：except
F字母开头的：for from
I字母开头的：in inside into
L字母开头的：like
N字母开头的：near
O字母开头的：on onto opposite outside over
S字母开头的：since
T字母开头的：through throughout till to towards
U字母开头的：under
W字母开头的：with within without
连词：
A字母开头的：and after although as
B字母开头的：because before but
H字母开头的：however
I字母开头的：if
N字母开头的：neither nor
O字母开头的：or
S字母开头的：since so
T字母开头的：than till
U字母开头的：unless
W字母开头的：when while
【模拟练】
Passage 1
【来源】2025年江苏省盐城市大丰区中考一模英语试题
Learning a new language is challenging, frustrating, and sometimes quite different. Here are some fresh tips on the best ways to learn a new language.
Make new f 1 . Friendship is one of the best ways to learn a foreign language, and the easiest way to get comfortable with the slang and intonation (语调). You can c 2 with your friends in local cafes, bars and restaurants and s 3 build a foundation (基础) for the language you want to learn. The great part is that you will be a 4 to practise the language freely!
Watch a movie. For the people who want to learn a language at home, it’s a good way to put on a foreign movie in a 5 language! If you don’t know enough of the words, keep a list of the new words you hear and what you think they mean. Look them up in the d 6 e on! Looking up words is fun!
Use the Internet. The Internet is a truly magical place. I 7 you’re looking for the best ways to learn a foreign language, look no further! F 8 using apps to watching videos, reading articles and so on, the Internet is ready to help you r 9 your foreign language learning goals.
Teach yourself. Spend a little bit of time every day writing out a s 10 you would like to know. Look up each word and try to recite it. If you have a language partner, have him or her check it when you meet up. This is a great way to keep yourself in check.
【答案】
1．(f)riends 2．(c)hat/(c)ommunicate 3．(s)lowly 4．(a)ble 5．(a)nother 6．(d)ictionary 7．(I)f 8．(F)rom 9．(r)each 10．(s)entence
【导语】本文讲述了学习新语言的有效方法，提供了一些实用建议。
1．句意：结交新朋友。根据“Friendship is one of the best ways to learn a foreign language”可知，学习外语最好的方式之一是交朋友。friends“朋友”，名词，make new friends“结交新朋友”。故填(f)riends。
2．句意：你可以与朋友在当地咖啡馆、酒吧和餐厅交流，慢慢建立你想学习语言的基础。根据“with your friends in local cafes, bars and restaurants”可知，此处指与朋友交流。chat/communicate“交流”，动词，can后跟动词原形。故填(c)hat/(c)ommunicate。
3．句意：你可以与朋友在当地咖啡馆、酒吧和餐厅交流，慢慢建立你想学习语言的基础。根据“build a foundation for the language”和首字母可知，此处指缓慢建立语言基础。slowly“缓慢地”，副词，修饰动词build。故填(s)lowly。
4．句意：最棒的一部分是你将能够自由练习这门语言。根据“practise the language freely”可知，此处指能够自由练习。able“能够的”，形容词，be able to“能够做某事”。故填(a)ble。
5．句意：对于那些想在家里学习一门语言的人来说，用另一种语言放映外国电影是一个好方法根据“put on a foreign movie”和首字母可知，此处指用另一种语言放映外国电影。another“另一个”，符合语境。故填(a)nother。
6．句意：稍后在词典中查阅这些单词。根据“Look them up”可知，此处指查阅词典。dictionary“词典”，名词，look up in the dictionary“查词典”。故填(d)ictionary。
7．句意：如果你正在寻找学习外语的最佳方法，不用再找了。根据“you’re looking for the best ways to learn a foreign language”可知，此处表示假设。if“如果”，连词，引导条件状语从句。故填(I)f。
8．句意：从使用应用程序到观看视频、阅读文章等，互联网随时准备帮助你实现外语学习目标。根据“using apps to watching videos, reading articles”可知，此处表示范围。from...to...“从……到……”，表示范围。故填(F)rom。
9．句意：从使用应用程序到观看视频、阅读文章等，互联网随时准备帮助你实现外语学习目标。根据“your foreign language learning goals”和首字母可知，此处指实现目标。reach“实现”，动词，help sb. do sth.“帮助某人做某事”。故填(r)each。
10．句意：每天花一点时间写下你想知道的句子。根据“Look up each word and try to recite it.”可知，此处指写下句子。sentence“句子”，名词，a修饰单数名词。故填(s)entence。
Passage 2
【来源】2025年江苏省盐城市射阳县中考一模英语试题
Thomas Edison was a great American i 11 . When he was a child, he was always asking questions and trying out new ideas. No matter how hard it was, he never g 12 up.
Young Thomas was in school for only three months. His teacher didn’t understand w 13 he had so many strange questions. Most of them were not about his lessons. The teacher didn’t want to teach Thomas any 14 . He asked Thomas’s mother to take the boy home. Thomas’s mother t 15 him to read and write, and she found him a very good pupil. He learnt very fast and became very i 16 in science.
One day, he saw a little boy p 17 on the railway tracks (铁轨) at a station. A train was coming near q 18 , and the boy was too a 19 to move. Edison rushed out and carried the boy to safety.
The boy’s father was so thankful that he taught Edison to s 20 messages by telegraph .
【答案】
11．(i)nventor 12．(g)ave 13．(w)hy 14．(m)ore 15．(t)aught 16．(i)nterested 17．(p)laying 18．(q)uickly 19．(a)fraid 20．
(s)end
【导语】本文主要讲述了伟大发明家托马斯 爱迪生的故事，包括他的童年经历、对科学的热爱以及他如何救了一个小男孩并得到电报发送的学习机会。
11．句意：托马斯 爱迪生是一位伟大的美国发明家。根据“Thomas Edison”及首字母提示可知，此处指的是“发明家”，英语是inventor，且空格前有不定冠词a修饰，所以此处用单数形式，故填(i)nventor。
12．句意：无论多么困难，他从不放弃。根据“No matter how hard it was”及首字母提示可知，此处指的是“放弃”，英语是give up，由前文的was可知，句子时态是一般过去时，所以此处用过去式，故填(g)ave。
13．句意：他的老师不明白他为什么会有这么多奇怪的问题。根据“His teacher didn’t understand…he had so many strange questions.”及首字母提示可知，此处指的是“为什么”，英语是why，引导宾语从句，故填(w)hy。
14．句意：老师不想再教托马斯了。根据“The teacher didn’t want to teach Thomas any…”及首字母提示可知，此处指的是“不再”，英语是not…any more，故填(m)ore。
15．句意：托马斯的母亲教他读写。根据“Thomas’s mother…him to read and write”及首字母提示可知，此处指的是“教”，英语是teach，由后文的found可知，句子时态是一般过去时，所以此处用过去式，故填(t)aught。
16．句意：他学得很快，对科学非常感兴趣。根据“He learnt very fast and became very…in science.”及首字母提示可知，此处指的是“对……感兴趣”，英语是be interested in，故填(i)nterested。
17．句意：有一天，他看见一个小男孩在车站的铁轨上玩耍。根据“he saw a little boy…on the railway tracks at a station”及首字母提示可知，此处指的是“玩耍”，英语是play，see sb doing sth“看到某人正在做某事”，所以此处用现在分词作宾补，故填(p)laying。
18．句意：一列火车很快就要开过来了。根据“A train was coming near…”及首字母提示可知，此处指的是“快速地”，英语是quickly，副词，修饰动词coming，故填(q)uickly。
19．句意：男孩吓得动弹不得。根据“the boy was too…to move”及首字母提示可知，此处指的是“害怕的”，英语是afraid，too…to…“太……而不能……”，故填(a)fraid。
20．句意：男孩的父亲非常感激，他教爱迪生用电报发送信息。根据“he taught Edison to…messages by telegraph”及首字母提示可知，此处指的是“发送”，英语是send，动词不定式符号to后接动词原形，故填(s)end。
Passage 3
【来源】2025年江苏省南通市海安市13校中考一模英语试题
Wang Yaping is one of China’s famous astronauts. She was born in a small v 21 in Yantai, Shandong Province in 1980. She had been a long-distance runner since primary school, and c 22 in local sports meetings.
In 1997, Wang Yaping was a high school student. Her classmates encouraged her to be one of the seventh batch (批) of female p 23 in China because she was good at sports and didn’t wear glasses. L 24 , Wang passed all the tests as well as physical examinations!
Wang Yaping’s dream of becoming an a 25 started in 2003, when Yang Liwei finished his space flight. “Now China has its first man in space. When will our country have its first woman ” Thought Wang. At that time, she was working as a f 26 pilot in China’s air force (空军). In May 2010, Wang became a member of China’s first batch of female astronauts. Wang is also China’s s 27 woman in space, after Liu Yang made history by joining the Shenzhou-9 spacecraft in 2012.
On O 28 16, 2021, China sent the Shenzhou-13 spaceship into space successfully. Wang Yaping was one of the three astronauts in the flight crew. On November 7, 2021, Wang Yaping has become China’s first female astronaut to walk in outer space. She has left her mark on history thanks to her “bravery”.
For this mission, Wang Yaping has trained for over 6000 h 29 . One tough (艰苦的) exercise is the underwater training. It lasts seven hours each time. She had to wear a 200-kilogram suit and do tasks in 10-meter-deep water w 30 eating or going to the toilet. No matter what difficulties she faces, Wang Yaping never gives up!
【答案】
21．(v)illage 22．(c)ompeted 23．(p)ilots 24．(L)uckily 25．(a)stronaut 26．(f)ighter 27．(s)econd 28．(O)ctober 29．(h)ours 30．(w)ithout
【导语】本文介绍了王亚平成为中国首位进行太空行走的女性航天员的历程。
21．句意：她于1980年出生在山东省烟台市的一个小村庄。根据“She was born in a small... in Yantai, Shandong Province in 1980.”可知，需要填入一个词，描述王亚平出生的地方。village“村庄”是一个小型的居住地，符合small“小”的描述，故填(v)illage。
22．句意：她从小学开始就是一名长跑运动员，并在当地的体育比赛中取得了优异的成绩。根据“She had been a long-distance runner since primary school, and...in local sports meetings.”可知，“has/have + been + 过去分词”是现在完成时的被动语态，表示某个动作已经完成，这里指她从小学就是一名长跑运动员，参加比赛并取得了好成绩，因此用compete“比赛”的过去式competed，故填(c)ompeted。
23．句意：她的同学鼓励她应征中国第七批女飞行员。根据“passed all the tests as well as physical examinations!”以及“she was working as a...pilot in China’s air force (空军).”可知，她顺利通过了所有测试和体检并在中国空军担任战斗机飞行员。故填(p)ilots。
24．句意：幸运的是，王亚平通过了所有的测试和体检！根据“Her classmates encouraged her”以及“passed all the tests as well as physical examinations!”可知，副词修饰全句，表结果，lucky“幸运的”副词形式是luckily，前文的同学鼓励与后文的通过测试用Luckily衔接，故填(L)uckily。
25．句意：王亚平成为宇航员的梦想始于2003年。根据“when Yang Liwei finished his space flight”以及“Wang became a member of China’s first batch of female astronauts.”可知，当时杨利伟完成了他的太空飞行后，她努力成为了第一批女航天员，空前有冠词an用单数，故填(a)stronaut。
26．句意：当时，她在中国空军担任战斗机飞行员。根据“China’s air force”以及首字母提示可知，在空军担任战斗机飞行员，fighter pilot意为“战斗机飞行员”，固定搭配，故填(f)ighter。
27．句意：王亚平也是中国第二位进入太空的女性。根据“after Liu Yang made history by joining the Shenzhou-9 spacecraft in 2012.”可知，此前刘洋在2012年加入神舟九号飞船，创造了历史，因此可知王亚平是第二位。故填(s)econd。
28．句意：2021年10月16日，中国成功发射了神舟十三号飞船。根据所在位置以及史实并结合首字母可知，此处指神舟十三号飞船发射的时间，October“十月”符合题意，故填(O)ctober。
29．句意：为了这次任务，王亚平已经训练了超过6000小时。根据“It lasts seven hours each time”可知，每次训练持续七个小时，train for + 时间意为“进行……时间的训练”，故填(h)ours。
30．句意：在10米深的水中完成任务，期间不能吃东西或上厕所。根据“She had to wear a 200-kilogram suit and do tasks in 10-meter-deep water...eating or going to the toilet.”可知，在水中训练，因此可以推断出不能吃东西，without doing sth.意为“不能做某事”，固定搭配，故填(w)ithout。
Passage 4
【来源】江苏省南京市联合体2024-2025学年下学期九年级期初英语试题
“Travelling is the body on the road, and reading is the mind on the road. Both of them o 51 a way to meet our great curiosity,” Ye Zi, a young scholar, said on the Chinese ‘TV show Read Books on an Island Season 3. On the show, some of China’s famous w 52 , such as Yu Hua and Su Tong, discuss their favourite literature.
The new season is set in Crete, the largest island in Greece. The viewers can e 53 the cultural exchange between China and western countries. Also, it can help good literature from China and a 54 reach more people.
The show shows us the important role of literature in c 55 different cultures. When the group of writers saw a beautiful sunrise in Crete, they talked about h 56 well-known writers from China and the West write about sunrise. Though these writers come from different cultures, their works show there’s something s 57 about human experience. Yu Hua also discussed the different literary (文学的) traditions. He d 58 that the sun often represents love in the West, while the moon stands for love in China.
“Greece used to be a place only in my imagination and in the b 59 . Visiting Greece brought my imagination to life,” Su Tong said. This shows a close relationship between travel and literature. Many places that are m 60 in literature now become places of interest for tourists.
The show offers a chance for writers, readers and literary works to “meet” each other. As we go further into the literary world, we can connect with ourselves and the world around us.
【答案】
51．(o)ffer 52．(w)riters 53．(e)xperience 54．(a)broad 55．(c)onnecting 56．(h)ow 57．(s)imilar 58．(d)iscovered 59．(b)ooks 60．(m)entioned
【导语】本文主要围绕中国电视节目《我在岛屿读书》第三季展开，阐述了旅行与阅读的意义、节目内容及其文化价值。
51．句意：“旅行是身体在路上，而阅读是心灵是在路上。它们两者都提供了一种满足我们强烈好奇心的方式，” 年轻学者叶子在中国电视节目《我在岛屿读书 》第三季中说道。根据“Both of them... a way to meet our great curiosity”以及首字母可知，旅行和阅读都提供了一种满足我们强烈好奇心的方式。句子时态为一般现在时，主语“Both of them”是复数，所以动词用原形。故填(o)ffer。
52．句意：在节目中，一些中国著名的作家，比如余华和苏童，讨论他们最喜欢的文学作品。根据“such as Yu Hua and Su Tong”可知，他们都是著名的作家，应用writer，名词应用复数。故填(w)riters。
53．句意：观众可以体验到中西方之间的文化交流。根据“The viewers can... the cultural exchange between China and western countries”以及首字母可知，指的是体验到中西方之间的文化交流。experience“体验”，动词。情态动词后接动词原形，故填(e)xperience。
54．句意：而且，它可以帮助来自中国和国外的优秀文学作品被更多人了解。根据“good literature from China and...”以及首字母可知，这里表达的是除了中国国内的文学作品，还有国外的文学作品，abroad表示“在国外”，符合语境。故填(a)broad。
55．句意：这个节目向我们展示了文学在连接不同文化方面的重要作用。根据“the important role of literature in... different cultures”以及首字母可知，这里表示文学在连接不同文化方面的作用。connect“连接”，动词。in是介词，后跟动名词作宾语。故填(c)onnecting。
56．句意：当这群作家在克里特岛看到美丽的日出时，他们讨论了中西方著名作家是如何描写日出的。根据“they talked about... well-known writers from China and the West write about sunrise”以及首字母可知，这里表达的是讨论作家们如何描写日出，how“如何”符合语境。故填(h)ow。
57．句意：尽管这些作家来自不同的文化，但他们的作品表明人类的经历有一些相似之处。根据 “Though these writers come from different cultures, their works show there’s something... about human experience”可知，此处是由Though引导的让步状语从句，前后句有转折关系，虽然文化不同，但人类经历有相似之处。similar“相似的”符合语境。故填(s)imilar。
58．句意：他发现，在西方太阳常常代表爱，而在中国月亮代表爱。根据“He... that the sun often represents love in the West, while the moon stands for love in China”以及首字母可知，他发现了中西方在代表爱的事物上的不同，结合前文时态，这里用一般过去时，discover的过去式是discovered。故填(d)iscovered。
59．句意：“希腊曾经只是在我的想象中和书里的一个地方。访问希腊让我的想象变成了现实，” 苏童说。根据“Greece used to be a place only in my imagination and in the...”以及首字母可知，除了在想象中，还在书里了解希腊，book是可数名词，这里用复数形式表示类别。故填(b)ooks。
60．句意：现在许多在文学作品中被提到的地方成为了游客们的名胜古迹。根据“Many places that are... in literature now become places of interest for tourists”以及首字母可知，这里表达的是在文学作品中被提到的地方，places和mention间是被动关系，are后接过去分词构成被动语态，故填(m)entioned。
Passage 5
【来源】2025年江苏省镇江市丹徒区中考一模英语试题
Cats might not answer when we talk to them, but they could be listening more carefully than we i 61 . A new study suggests that cats can learn to connect spoken words with pictures.
Researchers from Azabu University in Japan, led by Saho Takagi, did an experiment (实验) with 31 cats. They played recordings of the cats’ owners words l 62 “parumo” or “keraru”. While listening, the cats saw pictures on a screen, such as a red sun or a w 63 horse. The pictures became bigger and smaller to k 64 the cats interested. After showing the same word-picture pairs several times, the cats became b 65 and went away.
In the next part of the study, the researchers showed one of the pictures to the cats again. But for half of the cats, they changed the word that match the picture. The cats that heard the “wrong” word looked at the picture for a longer time. This showed that they were confused (困惑的) b 66 they didn’t hear the word they used to hear. Some cats’ eyes got bigger as they looked at the screen. That was another sign that they were confused by what they saw and heard. Takagi said, “It was really cute to see how s 67 the cats took part in the experiment.”
Most cats connected the word to the picture after just two short training periods, each lasting 9 seconds. This is f 68 than how human babies learn in similar experiments.
This study is part of more research about cats’ ability to understand l 69 . Before, studies found that cats can recognize (识别) their own names, and also the names of the people and other cats in their “family.” Takagi said, “Cats listen to what we say in our d 70 life and try to understand us more than we think.”
【答案】
61．(i)magine 62．(l)ike 63．(w)hite 64．(k)eep 65．(b)ored 66．(b)ecause 67．(s)eriously 68．(f)aster 69．(l)anguage 70．(d)aily
【导语】本文主要讲述了研究表明猫虽然不能说话，但是它能够听懂人的话。
61．句意：当我们和猫说话时，它们可能不会回答，但它们可能比我们想象的更仔细地倾听。根据“Cats might not answer when we talk to them, but they could be listening more carefully than we…”及首字母提示可知，此处表达“比我们想象的更仔细地倾听”，imagine“想象”，动词；句子为一般现在时，主语为we，谓语动词应用原形。故填(i)magine。
62．句意：他们播放猫的主人所说的话的录音，如“parumo”或“keraru”。根据“They played recordings of the cats’ owners words…‘parumo’ or ‘keraru.’”及首字母提示可知，此处是列举猫的主人的录音，应用介词like“像”。故填(l)ike。
63．句意：在听的时候，这些猫会在屏幕上看到一些图片，比如一轮红日或者一匹白马。根据“While listening, the cats saw pictures on a screen, such as a red sun or a…horse.”及首字母提示可知，此处表达看到白色的马，空处应用形容词作定语，修饰名词horse。故填(w)hite。
64．句意：图片变大变小，以保持猫的兴趣。根据“The pictures became bigger and smaller to…the cats interested.”及首字母提示可知，此处应表达“保持猫的兴趣”，keep“保持”，动词；空前为不定式符号to，其后接动词原形。故填(k)eep。
65．句意：在几次展示相同的单词图片后，这些猫变得无聊并走开了。根据“After showing the same word-picture pairs several times, the cats became…and went away.”及首字母提示可知，此处表达看到相同的照片后，猫觉得无聊然后离开，空处应用形容词作表语，应用bored“无聊的”。故填(b)ored。
66．句意：这表明他们感到困惑，因为他们没有听到他们以前听到的单词。根据“This showed that they were confused…they didn’t hear the word they used to hear.”及首字母提示可知，空处表明猫困惑的原因，应用连词because“因为”。故填(b)ecause。
67．句意：高木说：“看到这些猫如此认真地参与实验，真的很可爱。”根据“It was really cute to see how…the cats took part in the experiment.”及首字母提示可知，此处表达猫认真地参与实验很可爱，空处应用副词修饰“took part in”，应用seriously“认真地”。故填(s)eriously。
68．句意：这比人类婴儿在类似实验中的学习速度要快。根据“This is…than how human babies learn in similar experiments.”及首字母提示可知，此处表达猫比婴儿在类似的实验中学习速度快，than“比”，空处应用形容词的比较级，应用faster“更快的”。故填(f)aster。
69．句意：这项研究是关于猫理解语言能力的更多研究的一部分。根据“This study is part of more research about cats’ ability to understand…”及首字母提示可知，此处指“猫理解语言能力的研究一部分”，应用名词language“语言”。故填(l)anguage。
70．句意：高木说：“猫在日常生活中听我们说的话，并试图理解我们，比我们想象的还要多。”根据“Cats listen to what we say in our…life and try to understand us more than we think.”及首字母提示可知，in our daily life“在日常生活中”，介词短语。故填(d)aily。
【真题练】
一、短文首字母填空
（2024·江苏南通·中考真题）请认真阅读下面短文，并根据各题所给首字母的提示，写出一个合适的英语单词完整的、正确的形式，使短文通顺。
The world is changing very fast. Scientific technologies are now influencing a 1 every field of life. A scientist once said that success in developing scientific technologies would be one of the biggest events in human history, but he thought some of them might also be the last unless we learn to avoid the risks. For m 2 society, scientific technologies are amazing but humans may face a lot of challenges.
Will humans be controlled by scientific technologies in the future Some people say “Yes”. They think humans will be under control completely. I 3 computers are implanted (植入) inside brains, things will be much worse. With the d 4 of technologies, robots have taken the place of humans in some fields and it may make some people l 5 their jobs. What’s more, data centres need a large amount of energy to run. At the same time, it produces so much h 6 all the time that a great deal of water is used for cooling. All these may be the risks the scientist referred to.
However, other people don’t a 7 . They are hopeful about the relationship between scientific technologies and humans. They say that scientific technologies have done much for us and made our daily lives much easier. They can free people from doing housework, writing articles or e 8 making films. For example, some technologies can change words into short videos easily and make it p 9 for some common people to be directors.
Every coin has two sides. Rather than worrying about the risks of scientific technologies, we should learn to use them in a w 10 way and manage them well.
【答案】
1．(a)lmost 2．(m)odern 3．(I)f 4．(d)evelopment 5．(l)ose 6．(h)eat 7．(a)gree 8．(e)ven 9．(p)ossible 10．(w)ise
【导语】本文主要介绍了科学技术现在几乎影响着生活的各个领域，但人类可能面临很多挑战。凡事都有两面性，与其担心科学技术的风险，我们应该学会明智地使用它们并做好管理。
1．句意：科学技术现在几乎影响着生活的各个领域。根据“every field of life”可知科技几乎影响生活的各个领域，almost“几乎”。故填(a)lmost。
2．句意：对于现代社会来说，科学技术是惊人的，但人类可能面临很多挑战。根据“For...society”可知是对于现代社会，modern“现代的”。故填(m)odern。
3．句意：如果电脑被植入大脑，情况会更糟。前句是后句的肯定条件，用if引导条件状语从句。故填(I)f。
4．句意：随着技术的发展，机器人在某些领域已经取代了人类，这可能会让一些人失去工作。根据“of technologies”可知是随着科技的发展，with the development of“随着……的发展”。故填(d)evelopment。
5．句意：随着技术的发展，机器人在某些领域已经取代了人类，这可能会让一些人失去工作。根据“robots have taken the place of humans in some fields”可知机器人取代人类，一些人可能会失去工作，lose“失去”，make sb. do sth.“让某人做某事”。故填(l)ose。
6．句意：与此同时，它总是产生大量的热量，以至于需要大量的水来冷却。根据“a great deal of water is used for cooling”可知需要冷却，可见产生了大量的热量，heat“热量”，不可数名词。故填(h)eat。
7．句意：然而，其他人并不同意。根据“However, other people don’t”可知转折词后表示其他人不同意上文的看法，agree“同意”，助动词don’t后加动词原形。故填(a)gree。
8．句意：它们可以让人们从做家务、写文章甚至拍电影中解放出来。根据“doing housework, writing articles or...making films”可知机器人可以做家务、写文章，甚至是拍电影，even“甚至”。故填(e)ven。
9．句意：例如，一些技术可以轻松地将文字转换为短视频，并使一些普通人成为导演。根据“or some common people to be directors.”可知科学技术可以让普通人成为导演变得可能，possible“可能的”。故填(p)ossible。
10．句意：与其担心科学技术的风险，我们应该学会明智地使用它们并做好管理。根据“we should learn to use them in a...way”可知我们要明智地使用科学技术，修饰名词用形容词wise“明智的”。故填(w)ise。
二、短文首字母填空
（2024·江苏淮安·中考真题）根据短文内容及所给首字母提示，写出所缺单词，使短文意思完整、通顺，每空一词。
You may think it is impossible for people in flats to have a beautiful garden. That’s not true! The rooftop gardens (屋顶花园) are becoming more and more p 11 in big cities now. It is a nice way to turn an empty space into a pretty and relaxing area.
Rooftop gardens seem very modern. But in fact, it has a long history. More than 2,000 years a 12 ancient people started to build the rooftop gardens. Those gardens had the same purpose. If an enemy army attacked the city, they might destroy the city’s food which could keep people a 13 . So the advice of moving the farming places to the top of the houses was g 14 .
Today’s rooftop gardens are different f 15 the old ones. They also have other uses. For example. the plants in the garden take in more heat. The temperature in the house below is usually lower in summer. S 16 the air conditioner (空调) is less often used. More energy can be saved.
However, a rooftop garden needs more c 17 . First of all, build a fence (栅栏) around it. The w 18 may blow your plants down from the roof. You don’t want anyone to get hurt, do you Also, remember that rooftop gardens get more sunshine. If you have plants that shouldn’t s 19 in it for too long, you may have to put them in the shade sometimes.
It’s not e 20 to look after a rooftop garden, but if you put your heart into it, you will make your little part of the city much nicer.
【答案】
11．(p)opular 12．(a)go 13．(a)live 14．(g)iven 15．(f)rom 16．(S)o 17．(c)are 18．(w)ind 19．(s)tay 20．(e)asy
【导语】本文主要介绍了屋顶花园的发展、优点以及注意事项。
11．句意：现在屋顶花园在大城市越来越受欢迎。根据“The rooftop gardens (屋顶花园) are becoming more and more”可知屋顶花园变得更受欢迎，popular“受欢迎的”。故填(p)opular。
12．句意：2000多年前，古人开始建造屋顶花园。根据“ancient people”可知是2000多年前，ago“之前”。故填(a)go。
13．句意：如果敌军进攻这座城市。他们可能会破坏这座城市赖以生存的食物。根据“they might destroy the city’s food which could keep people”可知这些食物可以让人们生存下去，keep sb. adj.“使某人……”，此处用形容词alive“活着的”作宾补。故填(a)live。
14．句意：因此，有人建议将农场搬到房子的顶部。根据“the advice of moving the farming places to the top of the houses”可知是有人给出建议将农场搬到房子的顶部，give“给”，give和主语the advice之间是被动关系，句子为被动语态，空处用过去分词。故填(g)iven。
15．句意：今天的屋顶花园与旧时的不同。be different from“和……不同”。故填(f)rom。
16．句意：因此，空调的使用频率较低。此处和前句是因果关系，此处表示结果，用so连接。故填(S)o。
17．句意：然而，屋顶花园需要更多的照顾。根据“First of all, build a fence (栅栏) around it”可知屋顶花园需要照顾，care“照顾”，不可数名词。故填(c)are。
18．句意：风可能会把你的植物从屋顶吹下来。根据“may blow your plants down from the roof”可知风可能会把你的植物从屋顶吹下来，wind“风”。故填(w)ind。
19．句意：如果你的植物不应该在阳光里面待太久，有时你可能不得不把它们放在阴凉处。根据“in it for too long, you may have to put them in the shade sometimes.”可知如果植物不能待在阳光里太长时间，可能不得不把它们放在阴凉处，stay“停留”，情态动词后加动词原形。故填(s)tay。
20．句意：照顾一个屋顶花园并不容易，但如果你全心投入，你会让这座城市的一小部分变得更好。根据“However, a rooftop garden needs more...”以及首字母提示可知，照顾屋顶花园不容易，easy“容易的”。故填(e)asy。
三、短文首字母填空
（2024·江苏镇江·中考真题）根据短文内容及所给首字母提示写出所缺单词，使短文意思完整，每空一词。
Zodiac animals are important to the Chinese people for long. Many years ago, a president from a foreign country v 21 China. At the dinner, he presented people with a riddle, “There are twelve things that can be given to all the Chinese, and each person can get his or her o 22 . What are the twelve things ” The answer is of course the “12 zodiac animals”. As a cultural sign that stays with a person since his or her b 23 , the zodiac animal of the year plays an important role in e 24 life. Even today, many Chinese people will use “What is your zodiac animal ” instead of “How old are you ” when they ask about a person’s a 25 .
In ancient times, people formed clans (部落). Different clans had different signs. The clans usually used the looks of animals. O 26 , an important meeting was held. At the meeting, the animals used by the most powerful clans were d 27 as the zodiac animals.
Just l 28 China, many other countries also have similar systems of zodiac animals. For example, India has a system of 12 zodiac animals, which is a 29 the same as that of China, with only the lion in the place of the tiger. The Vietnamese (越南的) system has cat instead of rabbit, but the other e 30 animals remain the same. It is widely believed that it was the Chinese zodiac culture that spread to the countries nearby.
【答案】
21．(v)isited 22．(o)wn 23．(b)irth 24．(e)veryone’s/(e)verybody’s/(e)veryday 25．(a)ge 26．(O)nce 27．(d)ecided 28．(l)ike 29．(a)lmost 30．(e)leven
【导语】本文介绍了中国的十二生肖及其文化影响。
21．句意：多年前，一位外国总统访问中国。根据“a president from a foreign country v... China”可知，此处是指访问中国，visit“访问”，根据“Many years ago”可知，此处应使用过去式。故填(v)isited。
22．句意：在宴会上，他给人们出了一个谜语：“有十二样东西可以给所有的中国人，每个人都可以得到自己的。” 根据“There are twelve things that can be given to all the Chinese, and each person can get his or her o...”可知，此处是指每个人都可以得到属于自己的东西，own“自己的”符合语境。故填(o)wn。
23．句意：作为一种文化标志，从一个人出生起就与他或她在一起，这一年的生肖动物在每个人的日常生活中起着重要的作用。根据“As a cultural sign that stays with a person since his or her b...”可知，此处是指从出生起，birth“出生”符合语境。故填(b)irth。
24．句意：作为一种文化标志，从一个人出生起就与他或她在一起，这一年的生肖动物在每个人的/日常生活中起着重要的作用。根据“the zodiac animal of the year plays an important role in e... life”可知，此处是指在每个人的/日常生活中，everyone’s/everybody’s“每个人的”/everyday“日常的”，作定语修饰life。故填(e)veryone’s/(e)verybody’s/(e)veryday。
25．句意：即使在今天，许多中国人会用“你的生肖是什么？”来代替“你多大了？”来询问一个人的年龄。根据“How old are you ”可知，此处是指询问一个人的年龄，age“年龄”符合语境。故填(a)ge。
26．句意：有一次，举行了一次重要的会议。根据“O..., an important meeting was held.”可知，此处是指有一次举行了一次重要的会议，once“一次”符合语境，句首需大写首字母。故填(O)nce。
27． 句意：在会议上，最强大的氏族使用的动物被确定为生肖动物。根据“the animals used by the most powerful clans were d... as the zodiac animals”可知，此处是指被决定为生肖动物，decide“决定”，此处是一般过去时的被动语态，动词用过去分词形式。故填(d)ecided。
28．句意：就像中国一样，许多其他国家也有类似的生肖制度。根据“Just l... China, many other countries also have similar systems of zodiac animals.”可知，此处是指就像中国一样，like“像”符合语境。故填(l)ike。
29．句意：例如，印度有一个十二生肖动物系统，这与中国几乎相同，只是狮子代替了老虎。根据“India has a system of 12 zodiac animals, which is a... the same as that of China, with only the lion in the place of the tiger”可知，此处是指几乎相同，almost“几乎”符合语境。故填(a)lmost。
30．句意：越南的系统中有猫而不是兔子，但其他11种动物保持不变。根据“The Vietnamese (越南的) system has cat instead of rabbit, but the other e... animals remain the same.”可知，此处是指其他十一种动物，eleven“十一”符合语境。故填(e)leven。
四、短文首字母填空
（2024·江苏盐城·中考真题）Do you have a friend with an interesting background Today, I’d like to tell you about a friend of m 31 with it. I’ll tell you a bit about her, such as where she’s from and why we’re good friends.
You know, I didn’t use to do s 32 . However, a couple of years ago, I j 33 a fitness club. There, I met Linda. After the exercise, we had coffee together and b 34 good friends soon. I think we have a lot in c 35 —we both like to keep fit and love trying different food. And we love the ocean; in summer, we like to play at the b 36 and go swimming there. Linda was b 37 in London, but has lived in China for ten years. So she can s 38 both Chinese and English. That’s something different about us. Another d 39 is her background—Linda has experience and knowledge of two cultures.
So, now you know a bit about my friend Linda. Although we might not always live in the same city in the f 40 , I think we’ll stay friends forever.
【答案】
31．(m)ine 32．(s)ports 33．(j)oined 34．(b)ecame 35．(c)ommon 36．(b)each 37．(b)orn 38．(s)peak 39．(d)ifference 40．(f)uture
【导语】本文是作者分享了和好朋友Linda的故事。
31．句意：今天，我想告诉你们一个关于我的朋友的故事。根据“tell you about a friend of ”可知，介绍我的一位朋友，a+名词+of+名词性物主代词，是双重所有格结构，mine“我的”，名词性物主代词，故填(m)ine。
32．句意：你知道，我以前不做运动。根据“a fitness club”及do可知，此处指不做运动，do sports“做运动”，故填(s)ports。
33．句意：然而，几年前，我加入了一个健身俱乐部。根据“a fitness club”及首字母可知，加入了一个俱乐部，join“加入”，结合“a couple of years ago”可知，此句是一般过去时，故填(j)oined。
34．句意：锻炼后，我们一起喝咖啡，很快就成了好朋友。根据“we had coffee together and …good friends soon”及首字母可知，成为了好朋友，become“成为”，根据had可知，此空应填过去式，故填(b)ecame。
35．句意：我认为我们有很多共同点。根据“we both like to keep fit and love trying different food”可知，讲述彼此的共同点，have sth in common“有共同点”，故填(c)ommon。
36．句意：我们都喜欢海洋；夏天，我们喜欢在海滩上玩耍并在那里游泳。根据“in summer, we like to play at the”及“go swimming”可知，在海滩上玩耍，beach“海滩”，故填(b)each。
37．句意：琳达出生在伦敦，但在中国生活了十年。根据“in London”及首字母可知，此处用be born in表示“出生于”，故填(b)orn。
38．句意：所以她会说中文和英文。根据“both Chinese and English”及首字母可知，会说中文和英文，speak“说”，can后接动词原形，故填(s)peak。
39．句意：另一个不同点是她的背景。根据“That’s something different about us.”可知，此处介绍不同点，another后接名词difference表示“差异，区别”，故填(d)ifference。
40．句意：虽然我们将来可能不会总是住在同一个城市。根据“we might not always live in the same city in the”及首字母可知，此处用in the future表示“在将来”，故填(f)uture。
五、短文首字母填空
（2024·江苏扬州·中考真题）根据短文内容和首字母提示，在下文空格处填入适当的词使短文完整。在答题卡标有题号的横线上，完整地写出空缺处各单词的正确形式。（每空一词）
Even though my grandfather was a farmer, my grandmother would iron his work clothes every day. Grandmother mixed up her own starch (淀粉浆) in a glass b 41 with a metal cap that had several holes. She sprinkled Grandfather’s jeans with the starch, hung them over a chair for a few minutes, and then i 42 them.
Because I watched her do this through my childhood, I thought every old woman did it. But as the years passed, I began to question this p 43 . Why did Grandfather need his work clothes ironed Most days, he never saw anyone b 44 me and maybe a few other farmers. The clothes became dirty in just a short time. Why did Grandmother s 45 devote time and effort to ironing Grandfather’s clothes that were rarely seen
One day when I was about 13, I asked Grandmother about it. She told me Grandfather was the most handsome man in the world. Later that day, I looked c 46 at Grandfather. He sure didn’t look so handsome to me. He was short and fat with false teeth (假牙). Later I told her my thought.
She gave me a girlish smile and said, “You just aren’t looking in the right light, Cathy. I remember when he had r 47 teeth. He has the most beautiful eyes I have ever seen. They are e 48 the same color as the sky just before the sun goes down. I want the world to see my h 49 as the most beautiful man. I want him to feel beautiful. I iron his clothes every day because for all these years, he has made me feel beautiful.”
The years went on, and I watched Grandmother and Grandfather grow old together. I was probably 30 when I u 50 what beauty really was. It was Grandmother ironing Grandfather’s jeans with starch from a glass bottle.
【答案】
41．(b)ottle 42．(i)roned 43．(p)ractice 44．(b)ut 45．(s)till 46．(c)arefully 47．(r)eal 48．(e)xactly 49．(h)usband 50．(u)nderstood
【导语】本文主要讲述了奶奶给爷爷熨烫衣服，在奶奶眼里，爷爷是世界上最帅气的人，很多年过后作者才真正明白真正的美是什么。
41．句意：祖母在一个有几个洞的金属盖的玻璃瓶里把自己的淀粉浆混合在一起。根据“It was Grandmother ironing Grandfather’s jeans with starch from a glass bottle.”可知是一个玻璃瓶，a后加可数名词单数bottle“瓶子”。故填(b)ottle。
42．句意：她在爷爷的牛仔裤上撒上淀粉，把它们挂在椅子上几分钟，然后熨好。 根据“my grandmother would iron his work clothes”可知奶奶给爷爷熨烫衣服，iron“熨烫”，本文时态为一般过去时，动词用过去式。故填(i)roned。
43．句意：但随着时间的推移，我开始质疑这种做法。根据“I thought every old woman did it. But as the years passed, I began to question this”可知作者开始怀疑熨烫衣服的通常的做法，this后加可数名词单数practice“常规”。故填(p)ractice。
44．句意：大多数时候，除了我和其他一些农民，他从来没有见过任何人。根据“he never saw anyone...me and maybe a few other farmers”可知是除了我和其他一些农民，他从来没有见过任何人，but“除了”。故填(b)ut。
45．句意：为什么祖母仍然花时间和精力为祖父熨很少见到的衣服？根据“devote time and effort to ironing Grandfather’s clothes that were rarely seen ”可知作者好奇为什么奶奶仍然花时间和精力为祖父熨很少见到的衣服，still“仍然”。故填(s)till。
46．句意：那天晚些时候，我仔细地看着爷爷。根据“looked...at Grandfather”可知是仔细观察爷爷，修饰动词用副词carefully“认真地”。故填(c)arefully。
47．句意：我记得他长着真牙的时候。根据“He was short and fat with false teeth”可知现在爷爷戴着假牙，但是奶奶记得爷爷长着真牙的时候，修饰名词用形容词real“真的”。故填(r)eal。
48．句意：它们与太阳下山前的天空颜色完全相同。根据“the same color as the sky just before the sun goes down.”可知爷爷眼睛的颜色和太阳下山前的天空颜色完全相同，故此处用副词exactly“确切地”。故填(e)xactly。
49．句意：我想让全世界都把我的丈夫看作最美丽的男人。根据“as the most beautiful man”可知奶奶想让全世界都把她的丈夫当作最漂亮的男人，husband“丈夫”。故填(h)usband。
50．句意：我大概30岁的时候才明白真正的美丽是什么。根据“what beauty really was”可知是理解真正的美丽是什么，understand“理解”，根据“was”可知句子用一般过去时，动词用过去式。故填(u)nderstood。
六、短文首字母填空
（2024·江苏连云港·中考真题）根据短文意思和首字母提示，写出一个完整正确的单词。
Community connects us with each other. A community is a p 51 where people live, work and play together. It’s just like a school, where s 52 help each other to learn. People in a community h 53 one another, too.
People in a community have different skills. They often help neighbors s 54 all kinds of problems. For example, sometimes people do not feel well. The d 55 and nurses will make them feel better. There are also some engineers. They may help people f 56 their broken bicycles or washing machines. When people don’t know what to wear to a party or how to design their homes, the artists will give them some a 57 .
Some college students work as volunteers in their s 58 time. They often do some cleaning for the old people and help students with their h 59 .
Community is not a building or an organization. It is like a big f 60 . Members of a community have a sense of trust, safety and caring for each other.
【答案】
51．(p)lace 52．(s)tudents 53．(h)elp 54．(s)olve 55．(d)octors 56．(f)ix 57．(a)dvice 58．(s)pare 59．(h)omework 60．(f)amily
【导语】本文介绍了社区将人们紧密联系在一起，社区的人们互助友爱，就像一个大家庭。
51．句意：社区是人们一起生活、工作和娱乐的地方。根据首字母及“A community is a…where people
