特训07 阅读理解说明文 （名校6篇 真题6篇）
（时间60分钟，满分60分）
名校模拟（6篇）
一、阅读下面短文，从各小题所给的四个选项中选出最佳选项。
（2024·江苏镇江·模拟预测） Do all vegetables need lots of sunshine
Mark Hoffmann and his wife own a bed-and-breakfast guesthouse, and they often serve their guests fresh food from the garden. They have been growing food and flowers for over twenty years. For almost ten of those years, Mr. Hoffmann has been experimenting and working with shade (阴凉) planting. He says, “As is known to all, most plants will produce more in full sun. But if you do not have full sun, here is a new way. ”
For example, he grows tomatoes near oak trees. Oak trees can produce a lot of shade. But Mr. Hoffmann says his tomato plants grow as long as they get five hours a day of direct sunshine, especially the morning sun. Not only does this go against the traditional advice that tomatoes need six, eight, even twelve hours a day of full sun, it also shows how plants and tree roots can share nutrients (营养素) and water.
Mr. Hoffman says only plants with wider leaves do better in shady environments. He also found that his potatoes did better partly in shade than in full sun. Moving them out of the sun helped control an insect problem, so Mr. Hoffmann does not have to use pesticides. He planted the potatoes in the shade, especially on the east side of the tree. The potatoes get the morning sun, but they are shaded during the hottest part of the day. Some insects dislike shade, and the hottest part of the day is when they do the worst of their damage to the plants.
Time of day, brightness of the sun, shadows from trees, walls and buildings — these all influence how much sunlight falls on plants. And people interested in shade planting should also remember something else. The term “shade” can be different amounts of darkness and different things in different places.
1．The underlined word “pesticides” probably means chemicals that can ________.
A．offer light B．avoid light C．kill insects D．feed insects
2．What is the main purpose of this passage
A．To show the process of shade planting.
B．To explain the reasons for shade planting.
C．To introduce an unusual way of planting.
D．To give advice on different kinds of planting.
3．We may read the passage in a magazine on ________.
A．nature B．environment C．travelling D．lifestyle
二、阅读下面短文，从各小题所给的四个选项中选出最佳选项。
（2024·江苏常州·模拟预测）Computer helpers, such as Siri and Google Assistant, become more common these days. However, people are also discovering more problems with them. Almost half of the adults in the US have used a helper like this. Most people use them through their phones. People can use these helpers to make calls or send messages, to look at websites, or even to control their homes. They can even seem to talk back and forth with a person. But the systems are still just computer programs. They often do the wrong things.
Recently computer scientists have found ways to fool these helpers. They can make the helper think you said something that you didn’t say—even something that might be the opposite of what you want. The helper might be deceived into taking you to the website which you dislike, buying something you don’t want, or sending your money to someone else.
Computers don’t really understand the things that people say. They break the noise coming into small pieces. Then the computers make guesses about how to put the pieces back together as words. Finally, they make the best guess they can about what the person using the computer meant. Scientists are able to use this weakness to trick (误导) a computer.
Another way the helpers have been fooled is called “Dolphin puter microphones can record sounds that are too high for humans to hear. A command (命令) can be recorded at such a high pitch (音高) that only the computer can hear it. Another problem can come up when a computer’s voice is too good. Last week Google showed off a new helper they called Google Duplex. The system is meant to help people by making phone calls for them. People were amazed when they heard the voice because it sounded just like a human. It even stopped and said things like “um” and “er”, as if it was thinking. After Google played some of the Duplex conversations, many people felt worried. They said that humans should be able to tell whether they were talking to a computer or not.
4．What problem do the computer helpers have
A．They are too expensive. B．They can do too few things.
C．They have too many users. D．They often make mistakes.
5．What does the underlined word “deceived” in Paragraph 2 mean
A．fooled B．talked C．frightened D．forced
6．What is the third paragraph mainly about
A．Why scientists can trick computers. B．How computers deal with users’ commands.
C．Why scientists want to improve computers. D．How scientists find the weakness of computers.
三、阅读下面短文，从各小题所给的四个选项中选出最佳选项。
（2024·江苏镇江·二模）
Biking is a cheap, fun, and environmentally friendly way to get around. In New York City, there is a very special bike group.
Recycle-a-Bicycle is an organization that works to educate people about bikes and the environment. It also provides job training by teaching people—especially young people—how to build bikes. In just one year, Recycle-a-Bicycle can save up to 1,200 bicycles that would otherwise end up at the dump. These bikes are refurbished, then sold, or donated to someone who needs one. People can buy refurbished bikes at the Recycle-a-Bicycle stores.
Bikes that are too old to repair are broken up into parts, and the aluminum (铝) and steel is separated for recycling. This adds up to 12,000 pounds of metal recycled each year. The money raised from bike sales helps to fund Recycle-a-Bicycle’s youth and environmental programs. The programs include Bike Bonanzas, which offer free biking activities to families.
Recycle-a-Bicycle also offers training courses that teach people how to build and repair bikes. Through a program offered in some schools, students have the opportunity to earn their own bicycles. Students learn how to fix old bikes. Then they can volunteer their time in exchange for a bike of their own.
As well as refurbishing bikes, Recycle-a-Bicycle encourages recycled arts. They hold workshops that focus on turning old bike parts into art, crafts, and jewelry. Workshops that teach people how to maintain (保养) and repair their own bicycles are also very popular. Recycle-a-Bicycle is an organization that is working hard to educate people about both bikes and the importance of caring for the environment.
7．What does the underlined word “refurbished” mean in Paragraph 2
A．added to other items
B．changed into something else
C．broken up into different parts
D．fixed to improve the appearance
8．According to the passage, which of the following things are done by Recycle-a-Bicycle
①recycling not only old bikes but also arts
②donating or raising money by selling new bikes
③helping people learn more about bikes and environment
④offering jobs and courses like building and repairing bikes
A．①② B．①③ C．②④ D．③④
9．The purpose of this passage is to ________.
A．explain reasons for and backgrounds of recycling old bikes
B．advise bike owners to find other ways to deal with their bikes
C．introduce the practice and value of the organization Recycle-a-Bicycle
D．call on Recycle-a-Bicycle to offer different courses to different people
四、阅读下面短文，从各小题所给的四个选项中选出最佳选项。
（2024·江苏常州·三模）What interests many parents is that musical training improves the development of brains— that “music makes us smarter”. According to a study by the UK’s largest music education body, 7 out of every 10 children say they presently play a musical instrument. Whether this figure (数字) shows that most parents do believe the statement, or whether the potential benefits of music are hard to ignore (忽视). Ongoing research looks for suggestive evidence (证据) proving that musical training may actually strengthen the so-called “smart skills”.
The relationship between music and memory has long been the subject of research. In the 2003 study by The Chinese University of Hong Kong were 90 boys between 6 and 15, half of whom had 1 to 5 years of musical training and half of whom had none at all. Each of them had a memory test, with the musically trained students recalling more words, and being able to remember more words after 30 minutes. One year later, a follow-up study showed that those students who continued training, as well as beginners who had recently begun musical training, both showed improvement in retention. However, students who had stopped music practice fewer than three months after the first study showed no further improvement. These results suggest that music training might improve memory function.
There is also increasing evidence that musical training may result in changes to the brain structure. Noticeable differences have been found between the brains of musicians and non-musicians. The size of those musician’s brain areas connected with hearing and visuospatial (视觉空间) abilities is larger. A 2014 study found that the part of the cortex (大脑皮层) was thicker in children who had taken musical training.
However, like many scientific studies, research into the benefits of music remains ongoing, with many different opinions. Some disagree that music makes people smarter. Others think that people who are naturally gifted in the cognitive (认知的) functions are simply more likely to play musical instruments. It would therefore be premature (草率的) to state without any doubt that music makes people smarter. Whatever the truth behind the statement that “music makes us smarter”, it should eventually come second only to the fact that music is one of life’s greatest pleasures.
10．The studies by The Chinese University of Hong Kong show that ______.
A．most parents believe the statement
B．people who take musical training might be happier
C．musical training may result in changes to the brain
D．musical training might improve students’ ability to remember things
11．The word “retention” in Paragraph 2 probably means “______.”
A．practice B．memory C．train D．subject
12．What can we learn from the passage
A．People have different opinions on whether music can make them smarter.
B．A child whose cortex is thicker prefers to take musical training.
C．70 percent of students like playing musical instrument.
D．Students who had taken the test had continued training.
13．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage
A．To suggest that people learn a musical instrument.
B．To show that finding pleasure in music is important.
C．To stress that musical training may benefit the brain
D．To remind that musicians are usually smart.
五、阅读下面短文，从各小题所给的四个选项中选出最佳选项。
（2024·江苏徐州·三模）Scientists train AI to read human thoughts
Scientists have created a new tool that can turn people’s thoughts into words. It works by using an AI program called GPT-1 to translate brain activity words. In order to achieve this, scientists did a lot.
First, scientists got everything ready before the tests. They invited some volunteers. Each spent sixteen hours listening to stories in a scanner (扫描仪). They imagined the stories as they heard them, and the scanner recorded their brain activity. GPT-1 made connections between the ideas in the stories and the recordings of the listeners’ brain activity.
Then came the tests. The scientists did them in three different ways.
Test 1
The researchers played a new story. GPT-1 was only given recordings of the volunteers’ brain activity. But the words that GPT-1 predicted were very similar to the words in the story that they were listening to. The words weren’t exactly the same, but they often carried the same meaning. For example, when a volunteer was listening to a story about a woman who didn’t have a driver’s license, the program came up with this: “She hasn’t even started to learn to drive yet.”
Test 2
The scientists also carried out the test when volunteers imagined their own stories. “It really works at the level of ideas. The ideas are the same but expressed in different words,” says Alexander Huth, one of the scientists behind the study.
Test 3
The researchers showed the volunteers silent movies, with no spoken words at all. GPT-1 could still figure out the basic ideas.
After the tests, the scientists say that GPT-1 is the first AI program to turn what people are thinking into words without brain surgery. The tool isn’t something that can be easily used today, mainly because of the size and the cost of the scanner. In the future, they believe, a similar but cheaper tool could help people who have lost the ability to speak because of an injury or disease.
The scientists say their tool can’t be used to “read people’s minds” without permission (允许).
The tool only works if the person wants to share their thoughts.
14．What was the scanner used to do
A．Record brain activity. B．Read the volunteers’ ideas.
C．Catch the ideas of stories. D．Work out the ideas.
15．What was GPT-1 used to do
A．Receive sounds.
B．Test the scanner.
C．Produce silent movies.
D．Turn recordings of brain activity into words.
16．In which way was information put into volunteers’ brain in Test 3
A．Listening. B．Imagining. C．Watching. D．Reading.
17．Why did scientists do the tests
A．To show how the tool works.
B．To prove that the tool works well.
C．To test in which fields the tool can be used.
D．To study whose mind can be read.
18．Who could the tool help according to the passage
A．People who can’t speak. B．People who can’t hear.
C．People who can’t read. D．People who can’t drive.
六、阅读下面短文，从各小题所给的四个选项中选出最佳选项。
（2024·江苏南京·二模）
#1: Rocket mail
In 1959, the US Postmaster General, Arthur Summerfield, predicted (预言) that guided missiles (导弹) would become the usual method for sending mail before a human reached the moon. We have email now, but still no rocket mail.
#2: Ape workers
Who needs robots when you could have monkeys Glenn T. Seaborg, a Nobel prize-winning chemist, predicted in 1951 that by 2020, we’d keep apes that could drive cars and perform other tasks for us.
#3: Nuclear (核) vacuums (真空吸尘器)
In 1955, Alex Lewyt, the president of a vacuum cleaner company, predicted that within 10 years nuclear power would run vacuums. What did he think people would do with the nuclear waste
#4: Meals in a pill
In 1894, the chemist Marcellin Berthelot predicted that people of the future would get all the nutrition (营养) they needed in pill form. “Wheat fields are to disappear from the face of the Earth, because flour will no longer be produced from growing wheat, but made, ” he said. While we still rely on farms for food, scientists have worked out how to make meat from plants and how to grow it from cells.
#5: Virtual reality everywhere
In 1999, the futurist Ray Kurzweil predicted that by 2019, we’d wear lenses or glasses that would project (投射) virtual images onto the real world. He also thought the glasses might display a complete virtual reality that we could touch and interact with. Virtual reality (VR) technology isn’t nearly this good yet. To be fair, Kurzweil correctly predicted that AI would beat humans at chess and that we’d switch to digital books and music and movies. So maybe realistic VR is just around the corner
19．What can we learn from the article
A．Arthur Summerfield believed that email would be a common way to communicate.
B．Glenn T. Seaborg thought apes were cleverer than robots and could do daily tasks for us.
C．According to Alex Lewyt, people would run out of coal to produce power in the future.
D．Marcellin Berthelot predicted that food in the future would be made in pill form.
20．What does the writer mean by saying “What did he think people would do with the nuclear waste ”
A．The idea of using nuclear power to run vacuums is not practical.
B．It was a creative idea to use nuclear power to run vacuums.
C．Nuclear power is of great importance to people’s daily life.
D．Alex Lewyt has already found ways to deal with nuclear waste.
21．The article is mainly about ________.
A．some successful inventions in history
B．five predictions about future technology
C．some developments about future technology
D．predictions about the future of science fiction
中考真题（6篇）
一、阅读下面短文，从各小题所给的四个选项中选出最佳选项。
（2024·江苏南通·中考真题）My friend Julie and I are keen on creating a beautiful green town.
Gardening Course
Every September, our city has a special festival. Crowds of happy people go to the park, waving ribbons in their hands. That’s because the gardening competition takes place there.
For Julie and me, it was a pity that we couldn’t take part in the competition, for that was also the first day of our high school. We buried ourselves in choosing courses. We wanted to learn all about plants, gardening and farming. Finally, a course called Agriculture and Wildlife came into our sight. We thought it would help us succeed as gardeners.
Project presentation
After a year’s study, Julie advised me to give a presentation. There was a small plastic model of my idea on the table. On the other side of the table, my teachers were waiting to see my project—the green farm.
“Good morning!” I said “During my studies I’ve learned a lot about city farming. Now. I want to do something with what I’ve learned.”
I showed them the model. “This is the high street of our town. This is an old, nine-floor car park. No one has used it for the last two years and it’s now for sale.”
I continued the presentation. They could see my designs on the big screen when I talked.
“I’ve designed a city farm using the car park building. There will be eight floors to farm fruit and vegetables. This design can help us collect rainwater to wet the soil. And we can also use energy from the sun to power the special growing lights. “
“I will hire the space out to local people and they will sell everything good enough for the environment in local shops. Also, the ninth floor will be for those who want to grow their own plants.”
My audience looked interested and my project got the highest marks in my class. But in the real world. it couldn’t happen because the car park was not available.
▲
Later, Julie helped me search the town for the perfect place for gardening, not in front of the Town Hall or the shopping centre. We tried to look for something different. Somewhere that was not the best neighbourhood, but a poor one. One where the road was full of holes and the pavement (人行道) was all broken. At last, we made it.
In the neighbourbood, we posted letters through people’s doors with gardening instructions. More and more people cared about that and began to plant vegetable gardens.
Then in the same neighbourhood, we put grass over those broken old pavements for the kids to play on. Finally, we put up a sign that said, “Have fun here.”
When we finished, we were both covered in soil and completely exhausted. But Julie put an arm around my shoulders and smiled. “Not bad!” she said. “We can do more to make our town greener!”.
1．The writer mentioned the gardening competition to ________.
A．change her gardening projects B．express her interest in gardening
C．discuss ways to get good prizes D．tell stories of gardening courses
2．Which is the most suitable for ▲
A．Grass Spaces B．Farming Instructions
C．Vegetable Gardens D．Gardening Experiences
3．Which of the following is the correct order of the story
a. Julie helped find a perfect place for gardening.
b. The writer explained the green farm project.
c. Julie and the writer posted letters to neighbours.
d. Julie and the writer were busy choosing the courses.
e. Old pavements were covered with grass for kids to play on.
A．d-b-a-c-e B．d-a-b-e-c C．a-b-c-e-d D．a-d-b-c-e
4．According to the underlined sentence, Julie and the writer may ________.
A．hire out their green farms for parking and camping
B．find more open spaces to plant grass and vegetables
C．sell their grass and vegetables to the neighbourhood
D．put up more signs to ask kids to have fun on the grass
二、阅读下面短文，从各小题所给的四个选项中选出最佳选项。
（2024·江苏镇江·中考真题）I have lived in China for six years, but still think the country is mysterious. So I made up my mind to go on a 3-month cycling journey to discover more.
My cycling journey was very safe in China because I never had a moment in which I felt I was in danger. Wherever I went, there was always phone signal, and even WeChat pay.
The beauty of nature was also fantastic. It simply took my breath away when I cycled on the way. With thick forests, blue lakes and green hills, there was so much to see.
The food was another highlight of my journey. I got to taste local food in every place I went. My favourite was the spicy food in Sichuan. No matter how much I ate, I never got sick of having different Chinese foods. There were so many different choices.
In addition, cycling in China cost less than I thought. I could even save some money during the trip to support a local charity.
The best part was about people. I met people from different ethnic minorities (少数民族) across China and I was even invited to attend a wedding by Tibetan girls. The wedding was amazing, full of dancing, laughter and fun. One time I me t a group of Chinese men who were also travelling, but by motorcycle. They invited me to stay with them in the mountains. We cooked fish that we caught from the lake together. It felt like true freedom from the busy feeling of daily life. Another example was impressive. When I met a group of cyclists in their 60s, they cycled better than me. It really encouraged me to push myself and go farther every day. Also, an experienced cyclist saved me when I got a flat tire (爆胎). He helped fix my tire.
By the end of my journey, I wanted to keep going. I felt like I could do it forever. It was truly an experience I will never forget. If anyone wants to explore in China, I would highly recommend going by bicycle.
5．What does the writer talk about in Paragraph 3
A．Personal safety. B．Different foods. C．Natural beauty. D．Cheap cost.
6．The underlined word “It” in Paragraph 6 refers to (指代) “________”.
A．Tibetan girls inviting the writer to a wedding
B．cyclists in their 60s cycling better than the writer
C．a group of Chinese men catching fish with the writer
D．an experienced cyclist helping the writer to fix a flat tire
7．What is the best title for the passage
A．What a Pleasant Picnic! B．What Great People!
C．What an Amazing Journey! D．What a Lucky Day!
三、阅读下面短文，从各小题所给的四个选项中选出最佳选项。
（2024·江苏南通·中考真题）
Linda is looking through the website http://www.. Here is what she reads.
Researchers have found the health benefits of dancing for people in poor health condition, from improving brain health to creating community.
Becky is teaching a group of 80 adults some dancing skills. Many of her students are seated in the dancing room because they have difficulty in moving. When they are following Becky’s pretty movements, a sense of peace comes over them.
Dance as a medicine
Helen, a researcher, says that dance requires different parts of the brain to work at the same time, that is to say, dance requires more “brain power” than simpler repetitive (重复的) exercises.
She invited two groups of adults to take part in programmes for over six months. One group practised dancing and the other did a traditional exercise like cycling. Both groups improved their level of physical fitness, but the group of dancers improved more cognitive abilities, such as memory, attention and high-level thinking.
Dance described by Helen as “pleasure double-play” can lift the mood and reduce stress.
Dance as body acceptance
Besides the physical and mental benefits, dance can also help people with diseases accept what their bodies can and can’t do.
Jenny is Becky’s student. Her body went numb when she was in her mid-twenties. She had no feelings from the knees down. She suffered from serious muscle tightness and balance problems, making standing and walking difficult for her.
Jenny recently joined an online dance programme. Not only has it improved her coordination (协调性). but it has enabled her to overcome her fear of being judged (评价) for how she moves, both in the dance class and out in the world.
“I see so many people moving like me,” she says “I don’t have to be perfect in my dancing or make sure my leg lifts this way—it makes me comfortable with where I am right now.”
Dance as community
Perhaps one of the biggest benefits of dance is the sense of community it creates. Dancing with others not only makes people feel less different in their moving abilities, but also helps to fight against loneliness and problems in getting along with others.
Becky started teaching more than 22 years ago, and she has helped 300 communities in 28 countries around the world. In some countries, such as India and South Kores, people have put their own cultural dance styles into their classes.
Becky wants to create a sense of family and community for this group of people. Whenever and wherever she teaches, she hopes to make them feel joyful, get much closer to the community, and explore the limitless possibilities for the rest of their lives.
8．In which part of the website may you find this passage
A．Culture. B．Fashion. C．Health. D．Literature,
9．From “Dance as a medicine” part, we can learn that ________.
A．the act of dancing helps to improve “brain power”
B．the act of traditional exercise requires more attention
C．dance needs more high-level thinking to lift the mood
D．dance needs more repetitive exercises than “brain power”
10．How do you understand the underlined part of this passage
A．Jenny feels sad because she is weak in dancing.
B．Jenny wants to be perfect after practising dancing.
C．Jenny accepts the disabilities of her body after dancing.
D．Jenny thinks she should treat her leg for better dancing.
11．What’s the best title for this passage
A．Dancing helps to cure illness B．Dancing helps to better yourself
C．Dancing helps to change moods D．Dancing helps to reduce loneliness
四、阅读下面短文，从各小题所给的四个选项中选出最佳选项。
（2024·江苏淮安·中考真题）Just one bite of cake with eggs is enough to make John feel very sick. Susan gets a terrible skin (皮肤) problem whenever she eats anything containing seafood, and David nearly died when he first ate a peanut cookie The body’s reaction (反应) to certain foods can be quite serious resulting in breathing problems or even the death. There are many things we eat that may cause our bodies to react badly if we have a food allergy (过敏).
There are three common ways to test food allergies. Probably the simplest way is to give a child a food test. The doctor watches the child eat a little certain food to see if the child has an allergic reaction. This method takes quite a long time so it is used less often than the other two methods—skin tests and blood tests. In a skin test, a doctor puts allergens under the child’s skin and then waits to see if the child’s skin reacts. In a blood test, doctors take some of the child’s blood and add allergens to it and then check the blood.
Dr. Jennifer from Stanford University spent 10 years studying the methods. She found a surprising fact. Skin tests or blood tests given to patients who visited their doctor for treatment of skin problems or stomachaches showed that these patients were allergic to certain foods. However, later tests showed that although they tested positive (阳性), fewer than 50 percent of them actually had food allergies. The problem might be food intolerance (不耐受) instead of a food allergy.
Food allergies have something to do with a person’s immune system, while food intolerance has something to do with a person’s digestive system and the reaction is usually less serious. One of the most common kinds of food intolerance happens to people who have trouble taking in the sugar in food like milk, cheese and ice cream.
Though allergy tests may show false positive results, they are still useful and can save lives. Some children’s food allergies may disappear as they grow older, so even though doctors don’t cure food allergies, sometimes the body itself does.
12．The underlined word “allergens” refers to (指的是) ________.
A．something that hurts people’s skin B．something that protects people’s skin
C．something that prevents an allergic reaction D．something that causes an allergic reaction
13．What can we learn from Dr. Jennifer’s study
A．Patients who tested positive may have food intolerance.
B．Skin tests are much better than blood tests.
C．Stomachaches are usually caused by food allergies.
D．People with food intolerance should avoid food with sugar.
14．Which of the following can be the best title for the passage
A．Food allergy—Can we cure it B．Food allergy—How to test it.
C．Food allergy tests—Can we trust them D．Food allergy tests—How to improve them.
五、阅读下面短文，从各小题所给的四个选项中选出最佳选项。
（2024·江苏徐州·中考真题）After the haircut
It’s getting hot. You go to have your hair cut. The barber Tony cuts off part of your hair and sweeps it away, but your hair’s journey is not over after the haircut.
Have you ever thought of planting your old hair after it’s cut off Some farmers do! What comes up Not wigs (假发), but bigger and tastier crops. Hair is full of nitrogen (氮) that helps plants to grow. When cut hair is mixed into soil, the hair breaks down, slowly letting out nitrogen so it can help flowers and vegetables get big a little faster.
If you’ve got a wool sweater on, you’re wearing a sheep’s haircut. Sheep grow fine curly (弯曲的) fur called wool. All those curls make air pockets that trap heat, keeping the sheep warm. Farmers shear the sheep in summer, so the sheep don’t feel too hot. And we use the hair to make warm clothes, socks, and hats. Wool can even take in rain without feeling wet. Wool also doesn’t catch fire easily.
What does your hair say about you Even many years after it has been cut, hair can tell surprising secrets. Because hair is made from bits of old cells, it has trace (微量) of chemicals (化学物质) that were in the body when the hair grew. When people are kept in the situation of dangerous chemicals, these traces remain in the hair, even long after they have disappeared from the body itself. Testing hair can help doctors know if there are dangerous chemicals in the food and water. Hair can tell another important secret—whose hair is it This can be used to help solve crimes.
Hair does so many things for us. It keeps us warm and cool, helps farmers, shows mysteries, and provides endless styling fun. One thing is for sure, it’s not just for wigs any more.
15．In which part of a magazine can we probably read this passage
A．History. B．Fashion. C．Science. D．Health.
16．How does hair help plants to grow
A．It provides nitrogen. B．It breaks down soil. C．It takes in rainwater. D．It lets out a smell.
17．What does the underlined part “shear the sheep” mean
A．Give enough food to the sheep. B．Wash the sheep many times.
C．Find living place for the sheep. D．Cut the wool off the sheep.
18．What’s the main idea of Paragraph 4
A．Hair helps keep warm. B．Hair testing is important.
C．Hair can tell secrets. D．Hair helps solve crimes.
19．How is the passage organized （P: Paragraph）
A． B． C． D．
六、阅读下面短文，从各小题所给的四个选项中选出最佳选项。
（2024·江苏宿迁·中考真题）China is home to tea and has a long history of tea culture. As time goes by, the tea culture has developed greatly.
In the Tang Dynasty, people not only drank tea, but also ate the tea leaves. That was why tasting tea was called “tea-eating”. In the Song Dynasty, the way people drank tea became romantic and was full of art. In the Ming Dynasty, tasting tea returned to its true nature of “drinking tea”. People put dry tea leaves in the cup and then poured boiled water into it before drinking. And in the Qing Dynasty, the tea culture finally came into common families. Drinking tea became part of their daily life. At the same time, there were more tea houses.
Nowadays, making tea around a stove (围炉煮茶) has become popular among young people. This is a special way of drinking tea. Many young people like to choose a quiet and comfortable environment to make tea. While boiling tea, there must be delicate and tasty snacks like small oranges and sweet potatoes on the charcoal (炭) stove, satisfying people’s eyes and mouth. And beautiful cups and teapots would bring them more pleasure in mind. What they enjoy are art, spiritual world and the deep Chinese tea culture. Away from their busy work and life, they feel calm and peaceful in mind.
In fact, people began to make tea around a stove in ancient times. Traditionally, about the art of making tea, the most important part is the types of tea, water quality, the control of fire, the choices of tea tools, and the skills of brewing (沏茶). In some ways, the art of making tea is a kind of communication between tea and people.
As time passes by, Chinese tea culture continues to develop. Modern tea culture has mixed traditional and modern art and life, showing a more open and colorful culture.
20．When did people not only drink tea but also eat the tea leaves
A．In the Tang Dynasty. B．In the Song Dynasty.
C．In the Ming Dynasty. D．In the Qing Dynasty.
21．What does the underlined word “delicate” in paragraph 3 probably mean
A．Boring. B．Attractive. C．Awful. D．Large.
22．Why is making tea around a stove popular with modern young people
A．Because they enjoy calm and peace in mind.
B．Because they can stay together with families.
C．Because they like eating oranges and potatoes.
D．Because they want to return to the ancient times.
23．What is the best title for the passage
A．The types of the tea leaves. B．The environments of drinking tea.
C．The future of the tea culture. D．The development of the tea culture.
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)特训07 阅读理解说明文 （名校6篇 真题6篇）
（时间60分钟，满分60分）
名校模拟（6篇）
一、阅读下面短文，从各小题所给的四个选项中选出最佳选项。
（2024·江苏镇江·模拟预测） Do all vegetables need lots of sunshine
Mark Hoffmann and his wife own a bed-and-breakfast guesthouse, and they often serve their guests fresh food from the garden. They have been growing food and flowers for over twenty years. For almost ten of those years, Mr. Hoffmann has been experimenting and working with shade (阴凉) planting. He says, “As is known to all, most plants will produce more in full sun. But if you do not have full sun, here is a new way. ”
For example, he grows tomatoes near oak trees. Oak trees can produce a lot of shade. But Mr. Hoffmann says his tomato plants grow as long as they get five hours a day of direct sunshine, especially the morning sun. Not only does this go against the traditional advice that tomatoes need six, eight, even twelve hours a day of full sun, it also shows how plants and tree roots can share nutrients (营养素) and water.
Mr. Hoffman says only plants with wider leaves do better in shady environments. He also found that his potatoes did better partly in shade than in full sun. Moving them out of the sun helped control an insect problem, so Mr. Hoffmann does not have to use pesticides. He planted the potatoes in the shade, especially on the east side of the tree. The potatoes get the morning sun, but they are shaded during the hottest part of the day. Some insects dislike shade, and the hottest part of the day is when they do the worst of their damage to the plants.
Time of day, brightness of the sun, shadows from trees, walls and buildings — these all influence how much sunlight falls on plants. And people interested in shade planting should also remember something else. The term “shade” can be different amounts of darkness and different things in different places.
1．The underlined word “pesticides” probably means chemicals that can ________.
A．offer light B．avoid light C．kill insects D．feed insects
2．What is the main purpose of this passage
A．To show the process of shade planting.
B．To explain the reasons for shade planting.
C．To introduce an unusual way of planting.
D．To give advice on different kinds of planting.
3．We may read the passage in a magazine on ________.
A．nature B．environment C．travelling D．lifestyle
【答案】1．C 2．C 3．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章通过介绍通过霍夫曼先生的实验和观察向读者介绍了遮阴种植的方法及其效果。
1．词句猜测题。根据“Moving them out of the sun helped control an insect problem”可知，将土豆移出阳光有助于控制害虫问题，故“pesticides”指杀虫剂。故选C。
2．主旨大意题。根据“As is known to all, most plants will produce more in full sun. But if you do not have full sun, here is a new way.”可知，文章开头提出霍夫曼先生认为大多数植物在充足的阳光下产量更高，但如果你没有充足的阳光，这里有一种新方法，然后文章通过列举具体的事例（如霍夫曼先生在橡树旁种植番茄和土豆）和科学观察（如植物在遮阴环境下的生长情况），客观地描述了遮阴种植的相关信息，故本文主要是为了向大家介绍一种不寻常的种植植物的方式。故选C。
3．推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章通过介绍通过霍夫曼先生的实验和观察向读者介绍了遮阴种植的方法及其效果，属于自然知识。故选A。
二、阅读下面短文，从各小题所给的四个选项中选出最佳选项。
（2024·江苏常州·模拟预测）Computer helpers, such as Siri and Google Assistant, become more common these days. However, people are also discovering more problems with them. Almost half of the adults in the US have used a helper like this. Most people use them through their phones. People can use these helpers to make calls or send messages, to look at websites, or even to control their homes. They can even seem to talk back and forth with a person. But the systems are still just computer programs. They often do the wrong things.
Recently computer scientists have found ways to fool these helpers. They can make the helper think you said something that you didn’t say—even something that might be the opposite of what you want. The helper might be deceived into taking you to the website which you dislike, buying something you don’t want, or sending your money to someone else.
Computers don’t really understand the things that people say. They break the noise coming into small pieces. Then the computers make guesses about how to put the pieces back together as words. Finally, they make the best guess they can about what the person using the computer meant. Scientists are able to use this weakness to trick (误导) a computer.
Another way the helpers have been fooled is called “Dolphin puter microphones can record sounds that are too high for humans to hear. A command (命令) can be recorded at such a high pitch (音高) that only the computer can hear it. Another problem can come up when a computer’s voice is too good. Last week Google showed off a new helper they called Google Duplex. The system is meant to help people by making phone calls for them. People were amazed when they heard the voice because it sounded just like a human. It even stopped and said things like “um” and “er”, as if it was thinking. After Google played some of the Duplex conversations, many people felt worried. They said that humans should be able to tell whether they were talking to a computer or not.
4．What problem do the computer helpers have
A．They are too expensive. B．They can do too few things.
C．They have too many users. D．They often make mistakes.
5．What does the underlined word “deceived” in Paragraph 2 mean
A．fooled B．talked C．frightened D．forced
6．What is the third paragraph mainly about
A．Why scientists can trick computers. B．How computers deal with users’ commands.
C．Why scientists want to improve computers. D．How scientists find the weakness of computers.
【答案】4．D 5．A 6．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了电脑助手存在的一些问题。
4．细节理解题。根据“They often do the wrong things.”可知电脑助手会做一些错误的事情，即它们可能会犯错。故选D。
5．词义猜测题。根据“The helper might be deceived into taking you to the website which you dislike, buying something you don’t want, or sending your money to someone else.”可知助手可能把你带到你不喜欢的网站，买一些你不想要的东西，所以它们可能会被欺骗，故此处画线部分和fool意义相近。故选A。
6．主旨大意题。根据“They break the noise coming into small pieces.”以及本段内容可知，本段主要介绍了计算机如何处理用户的命令。故选B。
三、阅读下面短文，从各小题所给的四个选项中选出最佳选项。
（2024·江苏镇江·二模）
Biking is a cheap, fun, and environmentally friendly way to get around. In New York City, there is a very special bike group.
Recycle-a-Bicycle is an organization that works to educate people about bikes and the environment. It also provides job training by teaching people—especially young people—how to build bikes. In just one year, Recycle-a-Bicycle can save up to 1,200 bicycles that would otherwise end up at the dump. These bikes are refurbished, then sold, or donated to someone who needs one. People can buy refurbished bikes at the Recycle-a-Bicycle stores.
Bikes that are too old to repair are broken up into parts, and the aluminum (铝) and steel is separated for recycling. This adds up to 12,000 pounds of metal recycled each year. The money raised from bike sales helps to fund Recycle-a-Bicycle’s youth and environmental programs. The programs include Bike Bonanzas, which offer free biking activities to families.
Recycle-a-Bicycle also offers training courses that teach people how to build and repair bikes. Through a program offered in some schools, students have the opportunity to earn their own bicycles. Students learn how to fix old bikes. Then they can volunteer their time in exchange for a bike of their own.
As well as refurbishing bikes, Recycle-a-Bicycle encourages recycled arts. They hold workshops that focus on turning old bike parts into art, crafts, and jewelry. Workshops that teach people how to maintain (保养) and repair their own bicycles are also very popular. Recycle-a-Bicycle is an organization that is working hard to educate people about both bikes and the importance of caring for the environment.
7．What does the underlined word “refurbished” mean in Paragraph 2
A．added to other items
B．changed into something else
C．broken up into different parts
D．fixed to improve the appearance
8．According to the passage, which of the following things are done by Recycle-a-Bicycle
①recycling not only old bikes but also arts
②donating or raising money by selling new bikes
③helping people learn more about bikes and environment
④offering jobs and courses like building and repairing bikes
A．①② B．①③ C．②④ D．③④
9．The purpose of this passage is to ________.
A．explain reasons for and backgrounds of recycling old bikes
B．advise bike owners to find other ways to deal with their bikes
C．introduce the practice and value of the organization Recycle-a-Bicycle
D．call on Recycle-a-Bicycle to offer different courses to different people
【答案】7．D 8．D 9．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一个特殊的自行车组织。这个组织教育人们关于自行车和环境的事情，还提供职业培训，教人们如何制造自行车。
7．词句猜测题。根据“Recycle-a-Bicycle can save up to 1,200 bicycles that would otherwise end up at the dump.”和“Bikes that are too old to repair are broken up into parts”可知，能修的旧的自行车会被翻新，然后出售，或捐赠给有需要的人。划线单词的意思为“翻新”，与选项D“修理并改善外观”意思相近。故选D。
8．细节理解题。根据“Recycle-a-Bicycle is an organization that works to educate people about bikes and the environment. It also provides job training by teaching people—especially young people—how to build bikes.”和“Recycle-a-Bicycle also offers training courses that teach people how to build and repair bikes.”可知，回收自行车组织帮助人们更多地了解自行车和环境以及提供工作和课程，比如建造和修理自行车，即③④。故选D。
9．主旨大意题。通读全文并根据“Recycle-a-Bicycle is an organization that is working hard to educate people about both bikes and the importance of caring for the environment.”可知，本文主要介绍了一个特殊的自行车组织。这个组织教育人们关于自行车和环境的事情，还提供职业培训，教人们如何制造自行车。即介绍了自行车回收组织的做法和价值。故选C。
四、阅读下面短文，从各小题所给的四个选项中选出最佳选项。
（2024·江苏常州·三模）What interests many parents is that musical training improves the development of brains— that “music makes us smarter”. According to a study by the UK’s largest music education body, 7 out of every 10 children say they presently play a musical instrument. Whether this figure (数字) shows that most parents do believe the statement, or whether the potential benefits of music are hard to ignore (忽视). Ongoing research looks for suggestive evidence (证据) proving that musical training may actually strengthen the so-called “smart skills”.
The relationship between music and memory has long been the subject of research. In the 2003 study by The Chinese University of Hong Kong were 90 boys between 6 and 15, half of whom had 1 to 5 years of musical training and half of whom had none at all. Each of them had a memory test, with the musically trained students recalling more words, and being able to remember more words after 30 minutes. One year later, a follow-up study showed that those students who continued training, as well as beginners who had recently begun musical training, both showed improvement in retention. However, students who had stopped music practice fewer than three months after the first study showed no further improvement. These results suggest that music training might improve memory function.
There is also increasing evidence that musical training may result in changes to the brain structure. Noticeable differences have been found between the brains of musicians and non-musicians. The size of those musician’s brain areas connected with hearing and visuospatial (视觉空间) abilities is larger. A 2014 study found that the part of the cortex (大脑皮层) was thicker in children who had taken musical training.
However, like many scientific studies, research into the benefits of music remains ongoing, with many different opinions. Some disagree that music makes people smarter. Others think that people who are naturally gifted in the cognitive (认知的) functions are simply more likely to play musical instruments. It would therefore be premature (草率的) to state without any doubt that music makes people smarter. Whatever the truth behind the statement that “music makes us smarter”, it should eventually come second only to the fact that music is one of life’s greatest pleasures.
10．The studies by The Chinese University of Hong Kong show that ______.
A．most parents believe the statement
B．people who take musical training might be happier
C．musical training may result in changes to the brain
D．musical training might improve students’ ability to remember things
11．The word “retention” in Paragraph 2 probably means “______.”
A．practice B．memory C．train D．subject
12．What can we learn from the passage
A．People have different opinions on whether music can make them smarter.
B．A child whose cortex is thicker prefers to take musical training.
C．70 percent of students like playing musical instrument.
D．Students who had taken the test had continued training.
13．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage
A．To suggest that people learn a musical instrument.
B．To show that finding pleasure in music is important.
C．To stress that musical training may benefit the brain
D．To remind that musicians are usually smart.
【答案】10．D 11．B 12．A 13．C
【导语】本文通过一系列研究来对“音乐能让你更聪明吗？”这个问题做出了解答。
10．细节理解题。根据“The relationship between music and memory has long been the subject of research. …Each of them had a memory test, with the musically trained students recalling more words, and being able to remember more words after 30 minutes.”可知香港中文大学的研究表明音乐训练可能会提高学生的记忆力。故选D。
11．词句猜测题。根据“These results suggest that music training might improve memory function.”可知此处讲那些继续接受音乐训练的学生，以及最近开始接受音乐训练的新手，记忆力都有所提高，retention在此处意为“记忆力”。故选B。
12．细节理解题。根据“However, like many scientific studies, research into the benefits of music remains ongoing, with many different opinions. Some disagree that music makes people smarter.”可知人们对音乐是否能使人更聪明有不同的看法。故选A。
13．推理判断题。通读全文可知本文通过一系列研究来对“音乐能让你更聪明吗？”这个问题做出了解答，结合文中大量研究证明音乐能使人更聪明、记性更好等，可推出作者写这篇文章是为了强调音乐训练对大脑有益。故选C。
五、阅读下面短文，从各小题所给的四个选项中选出最佳选项。
（2024·江苏徐州·三模）Scientists train AI to read human thoughts
Scientists have created a new tool that can turn people’s thoughts into words. It works by using an AI program called GPT-1 to translate brain activity words. In order to achieve this, scientists did a lot.
First, scientists got everything ready before the tests. They invited some volunteers. Each spent sixteen hours listening to stories in a scanner (扫描仪). They imagined the stories as they heard them, and the scanner recorded their brain activity. GPT-1 made connections between the ideas in the stories and the recordings of the listeners’ brain activity.
Then came the tests. The scientists did them in three different ways.
Test 1
The researchers played a new story. GPT-1 was only given recordings of the volunteers’ brain activity. But the words that GPT-1 predicted were very similar to the words in the story that they were listening to. The words weren’t exactly the same, but they often carried the same meaning. For example, when a volunteer was listening to a story about a woman who didn’t have a driver’s license, the program came up with this: “She hasn’t even started to learn to drive yet.”
Test 2
The scientists also carried out the test when volunteers imagined their own stories. “It really works at the level of ideas. The ideas are the same but expressed in different words,” says Alexander Huth, one of the scientists behind the study.
Test 3
The researchers showed the volunteers silent movies, with no spoken words at all. GPT-1 could still figure out the basic ideas.
After the tests, the scientists say that GPT-1 is the first AI program to turn what people are thinking into words without brain surgery. The tool isn’t something that can be easily used today, mainly because of the size and the cost of the scanner. In the future, they believe, a similar but cheaper tool could help people who have lost the ability to speak because of an injury or disease.
The scientists say their tool can’t be used to “read people’s minds” without permission (允许).
The tool only works if the person wants to share their thoughts.
14．What was the scanner used to do
A．Record brain activity. B．Read the volunteers’ ideas.
C．Catch the ideas of stories. D．Work out the ideas.
15．What was GPT-1 used to do
A．Receive sounds.
B．Test the scanner.
C．Produce silent movies.
D．Turn recordings of brain activity into words.
16．In which way was information put into volunteers’ brain in Test 3
A．Listening. B．Imagining. C．Watching. D．Reading.
17．Why did scientists do the tests
A．To show how the tool works.
B．To prove that the tool works well.
C．To test in which fields the tool can be used.
D．To study whose mind can be read.
18．Who could the tool help according to the passage
A．People who can’t speak. B．People who can’t hear.
C．People who can’t read. D．People who can’t drive.
【答案】14．A 15．D 16．C 17．B 18．A
【导语】本文主要介绍了科学家们创造了一种新的工具GPT-1，可以把人们的思想转化为文字。
14．细节理解题。根据“the scanner recorded their brain activity”可知扫描仪记录大脑活动。故选A。
15．细节理解题。根据“It works by using an AI program called GPT-1 to translate brain activity words”可知GPT-1将人脑活动翻译成文字。故选D。
16．推理判断题。根据“The researchers showed the volunteers silent movies, with no spoken words at all”可知研究人员向志愿者展示了无声电影，完全没有声音，所以信息是通过观看输入志愿者大脑的。故选C。
17．推理判断题。根据“In order to achieve this, scientists did a lot.”以及“Then came the tests. The scientists did them in three different ways.”可知科学家们创造了一种新的工具，可以把人们的思想转化为文字，所以为了证明这个工具运行良好，所以才做测试，故选B。
18．推理判断题。根据“In the future, they believe, a similar but cheaper tool could help people who have lost the ability to speak because of an injury or disease.”可知可以帮助那些因受伤或疾病而失去说话能力的人。故选A。
六、阅读下面短文，从各小题所给的四个选项中选出最佳选项。
（2024·江苏南京·二模）
#1: Rocket mail
In 1959, the US Postmaster General, Arthur Summerfield, predicted (预言) that guided missiles (导弹) would become the usual method for sending mail before a human reached the moon. We have email now, but still no rocket mail.
#2: Ape workers
Who needs robots when you could have monkeys Glenn T. Seaborg, a Nobel prize-winning chemist, predicted in 1951 that by 2020, we’d keep apes that could drive cars and perform other tasks for us.
#3: Nuclear (核) vacuums (真空吸尘器)
In 1955, Alex Lewyt, the president of a vacuum cleaner company, predicted that within 10 years nuclear power would run vacuums. What did he think people would do with the nuclear waste
#4: Meals in a pill
In 1894, the chemist Marcellin Berthelot predicted that people of the future would get all the nutrition (营养) they needed in pill form. “Wheat fields are to disappear from the face of the Earth, because flour will no longer be produced from growing wheat, but made, ” he said. While we still rely on farms for food, scientists have worked out how to make meat from plants and how to grow it from cells.
#5: Virtual reality everywhere
In 1999, the futurist Ray Kurzweil predicted that by 2019, we’d wear lenses or glasses that would project (投射) virtual images onto the real world. He also thought the glasses might display a complete virtual reality that we could touch and interact with. Virtual reality (VR) technology isn’t nearly this good yet. To be fair, Kurzweil correctly predicted that AI would beat humans at chess and that we’d switch to digital books and music and movies. So maybe realistic VR is just around the corner
19．What can we learn from the article
A．Arthur Summerfield believed that email would be a common way to communicate.
B．Glenn T. Seaborg thought apes were cleverer than robots and could do daily tasks for us.
C．According to Alex Lewyt, people would run out of coal to produce power in the future.
D．Marcellin Berthelot predicted that food in the future would be made in pill form.
20．What does the writer mean by saying “What did he think people would do with the nuclear waste ”
A．The idea of using nuclear power to run vacuums is not practical.
B．It was a creative idea to use nuclear power to run vacuums.
C．Nuclear power is of great importance to people’s daily life.
D．Alex Lewyt has already found ways to deal with nuclear waste.
21．The article is mainly about ________.
A．some successful inventions in history
B．five predictions about future technology
C．some developments about future technology
D．predictions about the future of science fiction
【答案】19．D 20．A 21．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了五种曾经的预言内容及其现状，包括：火箭邮件、猿猴工人、核能真空吸尘器、药丸式膳食、虚拟现实。
19．细节理解题。根据“In 1894, the chemist Marcellin Berthelot predicted that people of the future would get all the nutrition (营养) they needed in pill form”可知，Marcellin Berthelot曾预言，未来的食物将会以药丸的形式被制造出来。故选D。
20．词句猜测题。根据“Alex Lewyt, the president of a vacuum cleaner company, predicted that within 10 years nuclear power would run vacuums. What did he think people would do with the nuclear waste ”可知，Alex Lewyt曾经语言：在 10 年内，真空吸尘器将由核能驱动，但人们无法处理核废料，所以此预言是不切实际的。故选A。
21．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了五种未来技术的预言。故选B。
中考真题（6篇）
一、阅读下面短文，从各小题所给的四个选项中选出最佳选项。
（2024·江苏南通·中考真题）My friend Julie and I are keen on creating a beautiful green town.
Gardening Course
Every September, our city has a special festival. Crowds of happy people go to the park, waving ribbons in their hands. That’s because the gardening competition takes place there.
For Julie and me, it was a pity that we couldn’t take part in the competition, for that was also the first day of our high school. We buried ourselves in choosing courses. We wanted to learn all about plants, gardening and farming. Finally, a course called Agriculture and Wildlife came into our sight. We thought it would help us succeed as gardeners.
Project presentation
After a year’s study, Julie advised me to give a presentation. There was a small plastic model of my idea on the table. On the other side of the table, my teachers were waiting to see my project—the green farm.
“Good morning!” I said “During my studies I’ve learned a lot about city farming. Now. I want to do something with what I’ve learned.”
I showed them the model. “This is the high street of our town. This is an old, nine-floor car park. No one has used it for the last two years and it’s now for sale.”
I continued the presentation. They could see my designs on the big screen when I talked.
“I’ve designed a city farm using the car park building. There will be eight floors to farm fruit and vegetables. This design can help us collect rainwater to wet the soil. And we can also use energy from the sun to power the special growing lights. “
“I will hire the space out to local people and they will sell everything good enough for the environment in local shops. Also, the ninth floor will be for those who want to grow their own plants.”
My audience looked interested and my project got the highest marks in my class. But in the real world. it couldn’t happen because the car park was not available.
▲
Later, Julie helped me search the town for the perfect place for gardening, not in front of the Town Hall or the shopping centre. We tried to look for something different. Somewhere that was not the best neighbourhood, but a poor one. One where the road was full of holes and the pavement (人行道) was all broken. At last, we made it.
In the neighbourbood, we posted letters through people’s doors with gardening instructions. More and more people cared about that and began to plant vegetable gardens.
Then in the same neighbourhood, we put grass over those broken old pavements for the kids to play on. Finally, we put up a sign that said, “Have fun here.”
When we finished, we were both covered in soil and completely exhausted. But Julie put an arm around my shoulders and smiled. “Not bad!” she said. “We can do more to make our town greener!”.
1．The writer mentioned the gardening competition to ________.
A．change her gardening projects B．express her interest in gardening
C．discuss ways to get good prizes D．tell stories of gardening courses
2．Which is the most suitable for ▲
A．Grass Spaces B．Farming Instructions
C．Vegetable Gardens D．Gardening Experiences
3．Which of the following is the correct order of the story
a. Julie helped find a perfect place for gardening.
b. The writer explained the green farm project.
c. Julie and the writer posted letters to neighbours.
d. Julie and the writer were busy choosing the courses.
e. Old pavements were covered with grass for kids to play on.
A．d-b-a-c-e B．d-a-b-e-c C．a-b-c-e-d D．a-d-b-c-e
4．According to the underlined sentence, Julie and the writer may ________.
A．hire out their green farms for parking and camping
B．find more open spaces to plant grass and vegetables
C．sell their grass and vegetables to the neighbourhood
D．put up more signs to ask kids to have fun on the grass
【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．B
【导语】本文主要介绍了作者和作者的朋友热衷于创造一个美丽的绿色小镇，并介绍了她们的园艺项目。
1．推理判断题。根据“Every September, our city has a special festival. Crowds of happy people go to the park, waving ribbons in their hands. That’s because the gardening competition takes place there.”以及“For Julie and me, it was a pity that we couldn’t take part in the competition”可知很多人都快乐地去参加园艺比赛，但是作者和朋友很遗憾不能去，可推知作者提到园艺比赛是为了表达她对园艺的兴趣。故选B。
2．最佳标题题。根据“Later, Julie helped me search the town for the perfect place for gardening, not in front of the Town Hall or the shopping centre. We tried to look for something different...”可知本部分主要介绍了作者和朋友她们的园艺经历。故选D。
3．细节理解题。根据“for that was also the first day of our high school. We buried ourselves in choosing courses”可知刚开始作者和朋友在忙着选课，故d排第一位，排除CD；根据“After a year’s study, Julie advised me to give a presentation.”可知作者介绍了她的绿色农场项目，故b排第二位，排除B。故选A。
4．推理判断题。根据“We can do more to make our town greener”可知我们可以做得更多，让我们的城市更绿，可推测她们会找更多的空地种草和蔬菜。故选B。
二、阅读下面短文，从各小题所给的四个选项中选出最佳选项。
（2024·江苏镇江·中考真题）I have lived in China for six years, but still think the country is mysterious. So I made up my mind to go on a 3-month cycling journey to discover more.
My cycling journey was very safe in China because I never had a moment in which I felt I was in danger. Wherever I went, there was always phone signal, and even WeChat pay.
The beauty of nature was also fantastic. It simply took my breath away when I cycled on the way. With thick forests, blue lakes and green hills, there was so much to see.
The food was another highlight of my journey. I got to taste local food in every place I went. My favourite was the spicy food in Sichuan. No matter how much I ate, I never got sick of having different Chinese foods. There were so many different choices.
In addition, cycling in China cost less than I thought. I could even save some money during the trip to support a local charity.
The best part was about people. I met people from different ethnic minorities (少数民族) across China and I was even invited to attend a wedding by Tibetan girls. The wedding was amazing, full of dancing, laughter and fun. One time I me t a group of Chinese men who were also travelling, but by motorcycle. They invited me to stay with them in the mountains. We cooked fish that we caught from the lake together. It felt like true freedom from the busy feeling of daily life. Another example was impressive. When I met a group of cyclists in their 60s, they cycled better than me. It really encouraged me to push myself and go farther every day. Also, an experienced cyclist saved me when I got a flat tire (爆胎). He helped fix my tire.
By the end of my journey, I wanted to keep going. I felt like I could do it forever. It was truly an experience I will never forget. If anyone wants to explore in China, I would highly recommend going by bicycle.
5．What does the writer talk about in Paragraph 3
A．Personal safety. B．Different foods. C．Natural beauty. D．Cheap cost.
6．The underlined word “It” in Paragraph 6 refers to (指代) “________”.
A．Tibetan girls inviting the writer to a wedding
B．cyclists in their 60s cycling better than the writer
C．a group of Chinese men catching fish with the writer
D．an experienced cyclist helping the writer to fix a flat tire
7．What is the best title for the passage
A．What a Pleasant Picnic! B．What Great People!
C．What an Amazing Journey! D．What a Lucky Day!
【答案】5．C 6．B 7．C
【导语】本文讲述了作者在中国进行为期三个月的骑行之旅，体验了中国的自然美景、美食和热情好客的人们。
5．细节理解题。根据“The beauty of nature was also fantastic. It simply took my breath away when I cycled on the way. With thick forests, blue lakes and green hills, there was so much to see.”可知，第三段谈论的是自然美景。故选C。
6．词句猜测题。根据“Another example was impressive. When I met a group of cyclists in their 60s, they cycled better than me. It really encouraged me to push myself and go farther every day.”可知，当作者遇到一群60多岁的骑行者时，他们骑得比作者好。划线词“It”指的是“60多岁的骑行者骑得比作者好”这件事。故选B。
7．最佳标题题。根据全文内容可知，本文讲述了作者在中国进行为期三个月的骑行之旅，体验了中国的自然美景、美食和热情好客的人们。以选项C“多么惊人的旅程！”为标题最合适。故选C。
三、阅读下面短文，从各小题所给的四个选项中选出最佳选项。
（2024·江苏南通·中考真题）
Linda is looking through the website http://www.. Here is what she reads.
Researchers have found the health benefits of dancing for people in poor health condition, from improving brain health to creating community.
Becky is teaching a group of 80 adults some dancing skills. Many of her students are seated in the dancing room because they have difficulty in moving. When they are following Becky’s pretty movements, a sense of peace comes over them.
Dance as a medicine
Helen, a researcher, says that dance requires different parts of the brain to work at the same time, that is to say, dance requires more “brain power” than simpler repetitive (重复的) exercises.
She invited two groups of adults to take part in programmes for over six months. One group practised dancing and the other did a traditional exercise like cycling. Both groups improved their level of physical fitness, but the group of dancers improved more cognitive abilities, such as memory, attention and high-level thinking.
Dance described by Helen as “pleasure double-play” can lift the mood and reduce stress.
Dance as body acceptance
Besides the physical and mental benefits, dance can also help people with diseases accept what their bodies can and can’t do.
Jenny is Becky’s student. Her body went numb when she was in her mid-twenties. She had no feelings from the knees down. She suffered from serious muscle tightness and balance problems, making standing and walking difficult for her.
Jenny recently joined an online dance programme. Not only has it improved her coordination (协调性). but it has enabled her to overcome her fear of being judged (评价) for how she moves, both in the dance class and out in the world.
“I see so many people moving like me,” she says “I don’t have to be perfect in my dancing or make sure my leg lifts this way—it makes me comfortable with where I am right now.”
Dance as community
Perhaps one of the biggest benefits of dance is the sense of community it creates. Dancing with others not only makes people feel less different in their moving abilities, but also helps to fight against loneliness and problems in getting along with others.
Becky started teaching more than 22 years ago, and she has helped 300 communities in 28 countries around the world. In some countries, such as India and South Kores, people have put their own cultural dance styles into their classes.
Becky wants to create a sense of family and community for this group of people. Whenever and wherever she teaches, she hopes to make them feel joyful, get much closer to the community, and explore the limitless possibilities for the rest of their lives.
8．In which part of the website may you find this passage
A．Culture. B．Fashion. C．Health. D．Literature,
9．From “Dance as a medicine” part, we can learn that ________.
A．the act of dancing helps to improve “brain power”
B．the act of traditional exercise requires more attention
C．dance needs more high-level thinking to lift the mood
D．dance needs more repetitive exercises than “brain power”
10．How do you understand the underlined part of this passage
A．Jenny feels sad because she is weak in dancing.
B．Jenny wants to be perfect after practising dancing.
C．Jenny accepts the disabilities of her body after dancing.
D．Jenny thinks she should treat her leg for better dancing.
11．What’s the best title for this passage
A．Dancing helps to cure illness B．Dancing helps to better yourself
C．Dancing helps to change moods D．Dancing helps to reduce loneliness
【答案】8．C 9．A 10．C 11．B
【导语】本文主要介绍了跳舞对健康状况不佳的人有益。
8．推理判断题。本文主要介绍了跳舞对健康状况不佳的人有益，故文章可能出现在网站的“健康”部分。故选C。
9．细节理解题。根据“dance requires more ‘brain power’ than simpler repetitive (重复的) exercises.”以及“but the group of dancers improved more cognitive abilities”可知舞蹈比简单的重复性运动需要更多的“脑力”，舞者组提高了更多的认知能力，所以跳舞有助于提高“脑力”。故选A。
10．词句猜测题。根据“but it has enabled her to overcome her fear of being judged (评价) for how she moves, both in the dance class and out in the world.”以及“I don’t have to be perfect in my dancing or make sure my leg lifts this way—it makes me comfortable with where I am right now.”可知她克服了在舞蹈课上和世界上因她的动作而受到评判的恐惧，所以她不必完美地跳舞，也不必确保她的腿以这种方式抬起——这让她对现在的状态感到舒适，所以珍妮接受了跳舞后身体的残疾。故选C。
11．最佳标题题。本文主要介绍了跳舞对健康状况不佳的人有益，以选项B“跳舞有助于提升自己”为标题最合适。故选B。
四、阅读下面短文，从各小题所给的四个选项中选出最佳选项。
（2024·江苏淮安·中考真题）Just one bite of cake with eggs is enough to make John feel very sick. Susan gets a terrible skin (皮肤) problem whenever she eats anything containing seafood, and David nearly died when he first ate a peanut cookie The body’s reaction (反应) to certain foods can be quite serious resulting in breathing problems or even the death. There are many things we eat that may cause our bodies to react badly if we have a food allergy (过敏).
There are three common ways to test food allergies. Probably the simplest way is to give a child a food test. The doctor watches the child eat a little certain food to see if the child has an allergic reaction. This method takes quite a long time so it is used less often than the other two methods—skin tests and blood tests. In a skin test, a doctor puts allergens under the child’s skin and then waits to see if the child’s skin reacts. In a blood test, doctors take some of the child’s blood and add allergens to it and then check the blood.
Dr. Jennifer from Stanford University spent 10 years studying the methods. She found a surprising fact. Skin tests or blood tests given to patients who visited their doctor for treatment of skin problems or stomachaches showed that these patients were allergic to certain foods. However, later tests showed that although they tested positive (阳性), fewer than 50 percent of them actually had food allergies. The problem might be food intolerance (不耐受) instead of a food allergy.
Food allergies have something to do with a person’s immune system, while food intolerance has something to do with a person’s digestive system and the reaction is usually less serious. One of the most common kinds of food intolerance happens to people who have trouble taking in the sugar in food like milk, cheese and ice cream.
Though allergy tests may show false positive results, they are still useful and can save lives. Some children’s food allergies may disappear as they grow older, so even though doctors don’t cure food allergies, sometimes the body itself does.
12．The underlined word “allergens” refers to (指的是) ________.
A．something that hurts people’s skin B．something that protects people’s skin
C．something that prevents an allergic reaction D．something that causes an allergic reaction
13．What can we learn from Dr. Jennifer’s study
A．Patients who tested positive may have food intolerance.
B．Skin tests are much better than blood tests.
C．Stomachaches are usually caused by food allergies.
D．People with food intolerance should avoid food with sugar.
14．Which of the following can be the best title for the passage
A．Food allergy—Can we cure it B．Food allergy—How to test it.
C．Food allergy tests—Can we trust them D．Food allergy tests—How to improve them.
【答案】12．D 13．A 14．C
【导语】本文主要介绍了三种常见的方法可以检测食物过敏，虽然过敏测试可能会显示假阳性结果，但它们仍然有用，可以挽救生命。
12．词义猜测题。根据“In a skin test, a doctor puts allergens under the child's skin and then waits to see if the child’s skin reacts”可知在皮肤测试中，医生将过敏原放在孩子的皮肤下，然后等待孩子的皮肤是否有反应，故此处划线部分指代“引起过敏反应的东西”。故选D。
13．细节理解题。根据“although they tested positive (阳性), fewer than 50 percent of them actually had food allergies. The problem might be food intolerance (不耐受) instead of a food allergy.”可知检测呈阳性的患者可能存在食物不耐受。故选A。
14．最佳标题题。本文主要介绍了三种常见的方法可以检测食物过敏，虽然过敏测试可能会显示假阳性结果，但它们仍然有用，可以挽救生命，以选项C“食物过敏测试——我们能相信它们吗”为标题最合适。故选C。
五、阅读下面短文，从各小题所给的四个选项中选出最佳选项。
（2024·江苏徐州·中考真题）After the haircut
It’s getting hot. You go to have your hair cut. The barber Tony cuts off part of your hair and sweeps it away, but your hair’s journey is not over after the haircut.
Have you ever thought of planting your old hair after it’s cut off Some farmers do! What comes up Not wigs (假发), but bigger and tastier crops. Hair is full of nitrogen (氮) that helps plants to grow. When cut hair is mixed into soil, the hair breaks down, slowly letting out nitrogen so it can help flowers and vegetables get big a little faster.
If you’ve got a wool sweater on, you’re wearing a sheep’s haircut. Sheep grow fine curly (弯曲的) fur called wool. All those curls make air pockets that trap heat, keeping the sheep warm. Farmers shear the sheep in summer, so the sheep don’t feel too hot. And we use the hair to make warm clothes, socks, and hats. Wool can even take in rain without feeling wet. Wool also doesn’t catch fire easily.
What does your hair say about you Even many years after it has been cut, hair can tell surprising secrets. Because hair is made from bits of old cells, it has trace (微量) of chemicals (化学物质) that were in the body when the hair grew. When people are kept in the situation of dangerous chemicals, these traces remain in the hair, even long after they have disappeared from the body itself. Testing hair can help doctors know if there are dangerous chemicals in the food and water. Hair can tell another important secret—whose hair is it This can be used to help solve crimes.
Hair does so many things for us. It keeps us warm and cool, helps farmers, shows mysteries, and provides endless styling fun. One thing is for sure, it’s not just for wigs any more.
15．In which part of a magazine can we probably read this passage
A．History. B．Fashion. C．Science. D．Health.
16．How does hair help plants to grow
A．It provides nitrogen. B．It breaks down soil. C．It takes in rainwater. D．It lets out a smell.
17．What does the underlined part “shear the sheep” mean
A．Give enough food to the sheep. B．Wash the sheep many times.
C．Find living place for the sheep. D．Cut the wool off the sheep.
18．What’s the main idea of Paragraph 4
A．Hair helps keep warm. B．Hair testing is important.
C．Hair can tell secrets. D．Hair helps solve crimes.
19．How is the passage organized （P: Paragraph）
A． B． C． D．
【答案】15．C 16．A 17．D 18．C 19．A
【导语】本文介绍了头发的多种用途，包括帮助植物生长、制作羊毛衣物、揭示人体健康信息和协助破案等，展示了头发不仅仅用于假发的多样功能。
15．推理判断题。文章讨论了头发的多种用途，包括帮助植物生长、制作衣物、检测化学物质和解决犯罪等，这些内容都属于科学范畴，因此最有可能出现在科学部分。故选C。
16．细节理解题。根据“Hair is full of nitrogen (氮) that helps plants to grow.”可知，头发通过提供氮来帮助植物生长。故选A。
17．词句猜测题。根据“Farmers shear the sheep in summer, so the sheep don’t feel too hot.”可知，此处是指农民为了让羊在夏天不感到太热而剪掉羊毛。故选D。
18．段落大意题。通读第四段和“Even many years after it has been cut, hair can tell surprising secrets.”可知，本段主要讲述了头发可以揭示许多秘密，包括检测化学物质和解决犯罪等。故选C。
19．篇章结构题。首段引出关于头发的话题，第二，三和第四段分别介绍了头发的用途。最后一段进行总结。故选A。
六、阅读下面短文，从各小题所给的四个选项中选出最佳选项。
（2024·江苏宿迁·中考真题）China is home to tea and has a long history of tea culture. As time goes by, the tea culture has developed greatly.
In the Tang Dynasty, people not only drank tea, but also ate the tea leaves. That was why tasting tea was called “tea-eating”. In the Song Dynasty, the way people drank tea became romantic and was full of art. In the Ming Dynasty, tasting tea returned to its true nature of “drinking tea”. People put dry tea leaves in the cup and then poured boiled water into it before drinking. And in the Qing Dynasty, the tea culture finally came into common families. Drinking tea became part of their daily life. At the same time, there were more tea houses.
Nowadays, making tea around a stove (围炉煮茶) has become popular among young people. This is a special way of drinking tea. Many young people like to choose a quiet and comfortable environment to make tea. While boiling tea, there must be delicate and tasty snacks like small oranges and sweet potatoes on the charcoal (炭) stove, satisfying people’s eyes and mouth. And beautiful cups and teapots would bring them more pleasure in mind. What they enjoy are art, spiritual world and the deep Chinese tea culture. Away from their busy work and life, they feel calm and peaceful in mind.
In fact, people began to make tea around a stove in ancient times. Traditionally, about the art of making tea, the most important part is the types of tea, water quality, the control of fire, the choices of tea tools, and the skills of brewing (沏茶). In some ways, the art of making tea is a kind of communication between tea and people.
As time passes by, Chinese tea culture continues to develop. Modern tea culture has mixed traditional and modern art and life, showing a more open and colorful culture.
20．When did people not only drink tea but also eat the tea leaves
A．In the Tang Dynasty. B．In the Song Dynasty.
C．In the Ming Dynasty. D．In the Qing Dynasty.
21．What does the underlined word “delicate” in paragraph 3 probably mean
A．Boring. B．Attractive. C．Awful. D．Large.
22．Why is making tea around a stove popular with modern young people
A．Because they enjoy calm and peace in mind.
B．Because they can stay together with families.
C．Because they like eating oranges and potatoes.
D．Because they want to return to the ancient times.
23．What is the best title for the passage
A．The types of the tea leaves. B．The environments of drinking tea.
C．The future of the tea culture. D．The development of the tea culture.
【答案】20．A 21．B 22．A 23．D
【导语】本文主要讲述了茶文化的发展。
20．细节理解题。根据“In the Tang Dynasty, people not only drank tea, but also ate the tea leaves.”可知，在唐代，人们不仅喝茶，而且还吃茶叶。故选A。
21．词句猜测题。根据“While boiling tea, there must be delicate and tasty snacks like small oranges and sweet potatoes on the charcoal (炭) stove, satisfying people’s eyes and mouth.”可知，围炉煮茶时需要有吸引人的零食来满足人们的眼睛和口欲，因此“delicate”意为“attractive有吸引力的”，故选B。
22．细节理解题。根据“And beautiful cups and teapots would bring them more pleasure in mind.”可知，美丽的茶杯和茶壶会给他们带来更多的快乐。故选A。
23．最佳标题题。根据“As time passes by, Chinese tea culture continues to develop.”可知，本文主要讲述了茶文化的发展。故选D。
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