特训12 词汇填空之语篇首字母填空训练
（名校模拟15篇）
（时间90分钟，满分150分）
（24-25九年级上·江苏南京·期末）请根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词。
Shadow play is a traditional type of performing art in China. Leather puppets (木偶), controlled by sticks, are held up against a screen with a light behind them. Along with music, songs, dances and d 1 , they tell a story.
Some form of shadow play has been in China for a long time s 2 puppets were mentioned in earlier records. But it was not until the Northern Song Dynasty that shadow play was r 3 in books.
The tools required for a shadow play are s 4 : just a white screen, puppets, and a light. Screens were made of paper. Puppets might have been made of paper at first as well, but no d 5 leather soon gained more popularity since it could last longer. That is why the art form is called pí yǐng xì in modern C 6 language. Puppets stand for people and different things. They are carved (雕刻) and painted with bright colors in order to s 7 through the screen. A typical performing team is made up of five people. One controls the puppets, t 8 play the instruments and one sings all the parts.
For many people, watching shadow puppetry is a pleasure, but the value of shadow puppetry goes far b 9 that. Seeing that the art form can pass on cultural history and local customs, the Chinese government is promoting (推广) this ancient and important art form, but perhaps the best promoters are the performers t 10 , who are finding ways to bring the art form to young people. With new ideas, they are sure to give new life to this old art.
【答案】
1．(d)ialogue(s)/ (d)rama(s) 2．(s)ince 3．(r)ecorded 4．(s)imple 5．(d)oubt 6．(C)hinese 7．(s)how 8．(t)hree 9．(b)eyond 10．(t)hemselves
【导语】本文介绍了中国一种传统表演艺术——皮影戏，包括其历史、工具、表演方式以及文化传播。
1．句意：伴随着音乐、歌曲、舞蹈和对话/戏剧，他们讲述了一个故事。根据“Along with music, songs, dances and...they tell a story.”可知，这里指伴随着音乐、歌曲、舞蹈和对话/戏剧，他们讲述了一个故事。dialogue表示“对话”，drama表示“戏剧”，均可用。故填(d)ialogue(s) /(d)rama(s)。
2．句意：自从早期的记录中提到木偶以来，某种形式的皮影戏在中国已经存在了很长时间。根据“Some form of shadow play has been in China for a long time...puppets were mentioned in earlier records.”可知，这里指自从早期的记录中提到木偶以来，某种形式的皮影戏在中国已经存在了很长时间。since表示“自从”。故填(s)ince。
3．句意：但直到北宋，皮影戏才被记录在书中。根据“But it was not until the Northern Song Dynasty that shadow play was...in books.”可知，这里指直到北宋，皮影戏才被记录在书中。record表示“记录”，此处应用被动语态。故填(r)ecorded。
4．句意：皮影戏所需的工具很简单：只有一个白色屏幕、木偶和一盏灯。根据“The tools required for a shadow play are... just a white screen, puppets, and a light.”可知，此处指皮影戏所需的工具很简单。simple表示“简单的”。故填(s)imple。
5．句意：起初，木偶可能也是用纸做的，但毫无疑问，皮革很快就变得越来越受欢迎，因为它可以持续更长时间。根据“Puppets might have been made of paper at first as well, but no...leather soon gained more popularity since it could last longer.”可知，此处指对比起用纸做的木偶，用皮革做的毫无疑问会变得越来越受欢迎。doubt表示“疑问”，no doubt表示“毫无疑问”。故填(d)oubt。
6．句意：这就是为什么这种艺术形式在现代汉语中被称为“皮影戏”。根据“That is why the art form is called pí yǐng xì in modern...language.”可知，此处指这就是这种艺术形式在现代汉语中被称为“皮影戏”的原因。Chinese“中国的”适用。故填(C)hinese。
7．句意：它们被雕刻并涂上鲜艳的颜色，以便通过屏幕显示出来。根据“They are carved ( 雕刻 ) and painted with bright colors in order to...through the screen.”可知，此处指通过屏幕显示出来。show表示“展示”。故填(s)how。
8．句意：一个人控制木偶，三个人演奏乐器，一个人唱所有的部分。根据“One controls the puppets...play the instruments and one sings all the parts.”可知，此处指一个人控制木偶，三个人演奏乐器，一个人唱所有的部分。three“三个”符合语境。故填(t)hree。
9．句意：对许多人来说，看皮影戏是一种乐趣，但皮影戏的价值远不止于此。根据“For many people, watching shadow puppetry is a pleasure, but the value of shadow puppetry goes far...that.”可知，此处指皮影戏的价值远不止于此。beyond“超过”适用。故填(b)eyond。
10．句意：看到这种艺术形式可以传递文化历史和当地习俗，中国政府正在推广这种古老而重要的艺术形式，但也许最好的推动者是表演者自己，他们正在寻找将这种艺术形式带给年轻人的方法。根据“Seeing that the art form can pass on cultural history and local customs...who are finding ways to bring the art form to young people.”可知，此处指也许最好的推动者是表演者自己。themselves“他们自己”适用。故填(t)hemselves。
（24-25九年级下·江苏南通·阶段练习）请认真阅读下面短文，并根据各题所给首字母的提示，写出一个合适的英语单词完整、正确的形式，使短文通顺。
Everyone knows about straight-A students. We see them frequently in TV programs and in movies. The kids at the top of the class get there by mastering a few basic techniques that others can learn in an easy way. Thus it is necessary for you to learn the s 11 of becoming straight-A students.
A 12 the students we have interviewed, study times are a matter of personal preference. Some work late at night when it is quiet ,whereas others awake early. And there are still others who decide to study as soon as they come home from school when the work is fresh in their minds. All of them a 13 , however, on the need for study time. “Whatever I was doing, I would find some time every day for studying,” says a top student from New Jersey.
Being organized is another habit they share in c 14 . McCray, an outstanding student interviewed, runs track, plays football and is in a band. “I was so busy. I couldn’t w 15 time looking for a pencil or missing paper. I kept everything right where I could put my hands on it,” he says. Some students maintain two folders—one for the day’s assignment, the other for papers completed and graded. However, some students have another s 16 , filing the day’s papers in color-coded folders by subject.
The top students also take good notes w 17 reading the text assignment. In fact, David Cirri, another top student interviewed, uses “my homemade” system in w 18 he draws a line down the center of a notebook, writes notes from the text on one side and those from the lecture delivered b 19 his teacher on the other. Then, he is able to review both aspects of the assignment at once.
Just before the bell rings, most students c 20 their books, put away papers, whisper to friends and get ready to rush out. But the top students use the few minutes to write a two-or-three-sentence summary of the lesson’s important points, which he or she scans before the next day’s class.
You can become a straight-A student by following the above secrets.
【答案】
11．(s)ecrets 12．(A)mong 13．(a)gree 14．(c)ommon 15．(w)aste 16．(s)ystem 17．(w)hile 18．(w)hich 19．(b)y 20．(c)lose
【导语】本文介绍了如何成为优秀学生的一些方法。
11．句意：因此，你有必要学习成为优秀学生的秘诀。 根据首字母提示和下文“You can become a straight-A student by following the above secrets.”可知，空处应填secrets“秘诀”与下文呼应。故填(s)ecrets。
12．句意：在我们采访的学生中，学习时间是个人的偏好。 根据首字母提示和“the students we have interviewed”可知，此处指“在我们采访的学生中”，among“在……之中”符合语境，句首首字母大写。故填(A)mong。
13．句意：然而，他们都同意学习时间的必要性。agree on sth.“同意某事，赞同某事”，此处表示现在存在的情况，应用一般现在时，主语All of them表示复数，所以空处应填动词agree的原形。故填(a)gree。
14．句意：有条理是他们共同拥有的另一个习惯。 share...in common“（想法、兴趣等方面）相同”。故填(c)ommon。
15．句意：我不能浪费时间去找一支铅笔或丢失的纸。根据“I was so busy”可知，此处是指不能浪费时间，waste time doing sth.“浪费时间做某事”，could后接动词原形。故填(w)aste。
16．句意：然而，一些学生有另一种系统，即按科目将当天的文件归档到颜色编码的文件夹中。 根据首字母提示和“some students have another...”可知，一些学生有另一种系统。system“系统”符合语境。故填(s)ystem。
17．句意：优秀学生在阅读课文作业时也会认真做笔记。根据首字母提示和“The top students also take good notes...reading the text assignment.”可知，优秀学生在阅读课文作业的同时也会认真做笔记。while“与……同时”符合语境。故填(w)hile。
18．句意：事实上，另一位接受采访的优秀学生David Cirri使用的是“我自制的”系统，他在笔记本中央画一条线，一边写下课文笔记，另一边写下老师讲课的笔记。分析“uses ‘my homemade’ system in...he draws a line down the center of a notebook”可知，空处是定语从句的引导词，先行词是system，指物，所以应用which引导此定语从句。故填(w)hich。
19．句意：事实上，另一位接受采访的优秀学生David Cirri使用的是“我自制的”系统，他在笔记本中央画一条线，一边写下课文笔记，另一边写下老师讲课的笔记。分析“those from the lecture delivered...his teacher on the other”可知，此处表示“由老师讲授的笔记”，介词by后接动作的执行者。故填(b)y。
20．句意：就在铃声响起之前，大多数学生合上书本，收起纸张，与朋友低声交谈，准备冲出去。 根据“Just before the bell rings, most students...their books, put away papers, whisper to friends and get ready to rush out.”可知，下课铃声即将响起，所以大多数学生合上课本。close“合上”符合语境；根据rings可知，时态是一般现在时，主语most students表示复数，所以空处应填动词close的原形。故填(c)lose。
（2025·江苏苏州·模拟预测）请认真阅读下面短文，填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Food waste is a world’s problem. Every year, about 1.3 billion tonnes, or one-third of all the food produced is thrown away, according to a survey. Using just 25 percent of that wasted food could feed 870 million hungry people, which would end world hunger. The people of France wasted 234 pounds of food per person, which is much 21 (good) than some other countries. In the past, France wasn’t good at 22 (control) food waste, but now the country takes the lead.
A law was made by the French government. It made France the 23 (one) country in the world to prevent supermarkets from throwing away unused food. Now supermarkets of a certain size must donate unused food, 24 they will face a fine. There are other rules requiring schools to teach students about food sustainability (可持续性). They also ask 25 (company) to report the food waste data in their environmental reports. And restaurants should provide take-out bags.
“These laws make 26 a standard to reduce waste,” says Marie Mourad, a student in Paris who has 27 (write) several reports on French food waste. France is not the country 28 wastes the least food, but Frenchmen have become the most active because they want to be the example in Europe.
“Preventing supermarkets from throwing away food 29 (mean) a lot,” says Jonathan, a famous writer. “This step has influenced parts of the French food industry.”
It is 30 (everyone) duty to fight against food waste. Everyone should pay attention and take action.
【答案】
21．better 22．controlling 23．first 24．or 25．companies 26．it 27．written 28．that/which 29．means 30．everyone’s
【导语】本文主要介绍了世界性的食物浪费问题，着重介绍了法国政府为遏制食物浪费所制定的法律，指出与食物浪费作斗争是每个人的责任，每个人都应该积极参与到与食物浪费的斗争中来。
21．句意：法国人均浪费234磅食物，这比一些其他国家的情况要好得多。good是形容词，这里有“much”修饰，且后面有“than”，要用good的比较级better，表示“更好”。故填better。
22．句意：过去，法国不擅长控制食物浪费，但现在这个国家走在了前列。be good at doing sth.是固定用法，意为“擅长做某事”，所以这里要用control的动名词形式controlling。故填controlling。
23．句意：这使得法国成为世界上第一个禁止超市丢弃未使用食物的国家。one是基数词，这里表示顺序“第一个”，要用one的序数词first。故填first。
24．句意：现在一定规模的超市必须捐赠未使用的食物，否则它们将面临罚款。“they will face a fine”是前面“must donate unused food”的一种结果补充说明，前后是条件关系，or表示“否则”符合语境。故填or。
25．句意：它们还要求公司在其环境报告中报告食物浪费数据。company是可数名词，这里指很多公司，要用复数形式companies。故填companies。
26．句意：“这些法律使减少浪费成为一个标准，”巴黎的一名学生Marie Mourad说，她就法国食物浪费问题撰写了几份报告。make it a standard to do sth.是固定结构，其中“it”作形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的“to reduce waste”。故填it。
27．句意：“这些法律使减少浪费成为一个标准，”巴黎的一名学生Marie Mourad说，她就法国食物浪费问题撰写了几份报告。“has”表明句子是现在完成时，其结构是have/has + 过去分词，write的过去分词是written。故填written。
28．句意：法国并不是浪费食物最少的国家，但法国人变得最为积极，因为他们想成为欧洲的榜样。这里要用定语从句修饰先行词“the country”，先行词指物，且在从句中作主语，关系代词用that或which都可以。故填that/which。
29．句意：“禁止超市丢弃食物意义重大，”著名作家Jonathan说。动名词短语 “Preventing supermarkets from throwing away food”作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，mean的第三人称单数是means。故填means。
30．句意：与食物浪费作斗争是每个人的责任。“duty”是名词，前面要用所有格修饰，everyone的所有格是everyone’s，表示“每个人的”。故填everyone’s。
（24-25九年级下·江苏南京·阶段练习）根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为1-10的相应位置上。
Once a main stop on the ancient Silk Road, Dunhuang has wonderful Buddhist (佛教的) art dating back over1,650 years. It is h 31 to more than 2,000 colored sculptures and 45,000 square meters of murals (壁画). The sculptures and p 32 in Mogao Grottoes show the cultures of ancient China, Central Asia and India.
The style and the content of the murals changed all the time throughout the c 33 . In addition to their artistic values, the Dunhuang murals are today widely c 34 as a treasure house with valuable information about religions, culture and social life in ancient China. The cultural exchanges between China and the West brought p 35 and also helped Dunhuang culture prosper (繁荣).
H 36 , for a long time, the Mogao Grottoes were in danger. In 1944, the Dunhuang Academy was set up. It protects and s 37 the grottoes and their culture.
Have you ever e 38 “Digital Dunhuang” People can see clear photos of the Mogao Grottoes online. Videos, cartoons, and games can also help people learn more about the grottoes. Last year, Yunyou Dunhuang, a WeChat mini program, had 12 million v 39 within two months after it came out.
Dunhuang Museum opened its own online store in May 2020, a 40 50,000 customers in the following three months. It has used elements (元素) of Dunhuang culture to sell things like stationery (文具) and makeup. To let the world learn more about Dunhuang, a national lab will be set up to research and protect the grottoes. A virtual reality tour system will go online around June.
【答案】
31．(h)ome 32．(p)aintings 33．(c)enturies 34．(c)onsidered 35．(p)eace 36．(H)owever 37．(s)tudies 38．(e)xperienced 39．(v)isits 40．(a)ttracting
【导语】本文主要介绍了敦煌文化的发现及其价值。
31．句意：这里有2000多件彩色雕塑和45000平方米的壁画。根据“Dunhuang has wonderful Buddhist (佛教的) art”及首字母提示可知，敦煌是这些艺术品的故乡，be home to“是……的所在地”。故填(h)ome。
32．句意：莫高窟的雕塑和绘画展示了中国古代、中亚和印度的文化。根据“more than 2,000 colored sculptures and 45,000 square meters of murals (壁画).”及首字母提示可知，此处表示壁画，painting“绘画”，sculptures为复数形式，and连接，painting也应用复数形式。故填(p)aintings。
33．句意：几个世纪以来，壁画的风格和内容一直在变化。根据“changed all the time”及首字母提示可知，应表达几个世纪以来，century“世纪”，应用复数形式表示几个世纪。故填(c)enturies。
34．句意：敦煌壁画不仅具有艺术价值，而且今天被广泛认为是中国古代宗教、文化和社会生活的宝贵信息宝库。根据“the Dunhuang murals are today widely c...as a treasure house with valuable information about religions, culture and social life in ancient China.”可知，是敦煌壁画被认为是中国古代宗教、文化和社会生活的宝贵信息宝库，be considered as“被认为是……”。故填(c)onsidered。
35．句意：中西文化交流带来了和平，也促进了敦煌文化的繁荣。根据“The cultural exchanges between China and the West brought...”及首字母提示可知，中西文化交流带来了和平，peace“和平”，不可数名词。故填(p)eace。
36．句意：然而，长期以来，莫高窟处于危险之中。根据“the Mogao Grottoes were in danger”可知，与上文提到的敦煌文化艺术的繁荣构成转折关系，用however“然而”，句首字母大写。故填(H)owever。
37．句意：它保护和研究石窟及其文化。根据“the grottoes and their culture”及首字母提示可知，是研究石窟及其文化。study“研究”，时态为一般现在时，主语it为单数，谓语动词用三单形式。故填(s)tudies。
38．句意：你体验过“数字敦煌”吗？根据“Digital Dunhuang”及首字母提示可知，应表达体验过“数字敦煌”吗，experience“体验”，根据have可知，时态为现在完成时，用experience的过去分词。故填(e)xperienced。
39．句意：去年，微信小程序“云游敦煌”在发布后两个月内访问量达到1200万。根据“a WeChat mini program, had 12 million”及首字母提示可知，是小程序访问量达到了1200万，visit“访问”，12 million修饰用复数形式。故填(v)isits。
40．句意：敦煌博物馆于2020年5月开设了自己的网店，在接下来的三个月里吸引了5万名顾客。根据“50,000 customers”及首字母提示可知，是吸引了5万名顾客，attract“吸引”，用现在分词作伴随状语。故填(a)ttracting。
（24-25九年级下·江苏南京·开学考试）根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词。
A hug (拥抱) is a form of human touch that happens when two or more people hold each other closely. People hug for many different reasons in their lives. For example, if a child is sad, a p 41 may hug him or her to give comfort. Grown-ups may hug to show each other love. Friends may hug to show friendship. Members of a team may hug after winning a game to show happiness and encourage other team members.
Hugs may seem u 42 , but hugging is a necessary human need. For example, hugging is important in building human relationships. When a person is given a hug, he or she feels loved and important. In this way, it creates a sense of t 43 , belonging (归属感) and safety that encourages open communication and understanding with others.
Hugging also has many h 44 advantages. For example, hugs can be good for people’s health. Research has shown that hugs can lower the risk of getting a cold as well as lower worry l 45 . Giving and receiving hugs can also make people happier.
Finally, hugging can even save lives. In recent years, doctors have found that it is best when a baby is held soon after being born. It keeps the baby warm and helps keep his heart rate stable (心率平稳). Besides, these babies feel safer and seem to be happier. Sometimes, a hug from a mother can save the life of her newly-born baby who is d 46 .
K 47 the importance of a hug, one man started the Free Hugs Campaign in 2001. It was an a 48 of kindness to show that everyone is an important person. Giving hugs to unknown people who wanted or needed a hug became popular in s 49 . Now, the month of July is known as International Free Hugs Month.
Someone once said, “We need four hugs a day for l 50 on. We need eight hugs a day for holding on. We need twelve hugs a day for growing up.” There may not be many people who give out 12 a day. But for all it advantages, maybe it is something we should all do more often.
【答案】
41．(p)arent 42．(u)nimportant 43．(t)rust 44．(h)ealth 45．(l)evels 46．(d)ying 47．(K)nowing 48．(a)ct 49．(s)ociety 50．(l)iving
【导语】本文介绍了拥抱在人际关系中的重要性及其对健康的益处，进一步说明了拥抱在情感上的温暖和心理治疗中的积极作用，并介绍了“免费拥抱运动”的由来。
41．句意：例如，如果一个孩子感到难过，父母可能会拥抱他或她以给予安慰。根据“if a child is sad”及首字母提示可知，孩子感到难过时父母可能会拥抱他或她以给予安慰。空前有不定冠词a，此处填parent符合，故填(p)arent。
42．句意：拥抱似乎无关紧要，但拥抱是人类的一种必要需求。根据“but hugging is a necessary human need.”可知后半句是转折，结合首字母提示可知填unimportant“不重要的”作表语，故填(u)nimportant。
43．句意：通过这种方式，它创造了一种信任、归属和安全感，鼓励与他人进行开放沟通和相互理解。根据“belonging and safety”可知此处填名词，结合首字母提示可填trust“信任”。故填(t)rust。
44．句意：拥抱还有许多健康益处。根据后文“For example, hugs can be good for people’s health.”可知此处指健康，应填health“健康”作定语，故填(h)ealth。
45．句意：研究表明，拥抱可以降低感冒的风险，也可以降低担忧程度。根据“hugs can lower the risk of getting a cold as well as lower worry…”及首字母提示，此处指“降低担忧程度”，此处填level“程度”符合语境，此处表泛指用复数形式。故填(l)evels。
46．句意：有时，母亲的拥抱可以挽救她即将死去的新生儿的生命。根据“save the life of her newly-born baby”及首字母提示可知，此处指“即将死去的新生儿的生命”，dying“垂死的”符合语境，故填(d)ying。
47．句意：一位男士深知拥抱的重要性，于2001年发起了“免费拥抱运动”。根据“…one man started the Free Hugs Campaign in 2001.”可知是知道拥抱的重要性才发起了“免费拥抱运动”，know“知道”，此处应用现在分词短语作状语，故填(K)nowing。
48．句意：这是一种善意的行为，表明每个人都是重要的人。 根据“…show that everyone is an important person.”可知此处讲拥抱是一种表明每个人都是重要的人的行为，act“行为”，不定冠词an后接单数名词，故填(a)ct。
49．句意：拥抱那些想要或需要拥抱的陌生人在社会上变得流行起来。根据“Now, the month of July is known as International Free Hugs Month.”及首字母提示可知，此处指在社会上变得流行起来，society“社会”。故填(s)ociety。
50．句意：我们每天需要四个拥抱才能生活。根据后文“We need eight hugs a day for holding on. We need twelve hugs a day for growing up.”及首字母提示可知，此处提及拥抱在生活中的作用，所以可填live“生活”，介词for后接动名词，故填(l)iving。
（24-25九年级上·江苏连云港·期中）根据短文意思及所给首字母，写出一个完整正确的单词。
Many people have the hobby of collecting things, e.g. stamps, postcards or antiques (古玩). In the 18th and 19th c 51 , wealthy people travelled and collected plants, historical objects and works of art. They k 52 their collection at home until it got too big or until they died, and then it was given to a museum. The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, formed the m 53 collection of the British Museum which opened in 1759.
The parts of a museum open to the public are called galleries or rooms. Often, only a small part of a museum’s collection is on s 54 . Most of it is stored away or used for r 55 .
Many museums are l 56 places and attract a lot of visitors. They can play with computer simulations (模拟) and imagine t 57 living at a different time in history or walking through a rainforest. At the Jorvik Center in York, b 58 looking at exhibits, people can also experience the sights, sounds and s 59 of the old town. Historical accuracy (精确) is important but so is entertainment. Museums must compete for people’s s 60 time and money with other amusements. Most museums also welcome school groups and organize special activities for children.
【答案】
51．(c)enturies 52．(k)ept 53．(m)ain 54．(s)how 55．(r)esearch 56．(l)ively 57．(t)hemselves 58．(b)esides 59．(s)mells 60．(s)pare
【导语】本文主要介绍了博物馆藏品的来源、用途以及博物馆当今的新功能。
51．句意：在18世纪和19世纪，富有的人们旅行并收集植物、历史文物和艺术品。根据“In the 18th and 19th”可知是在18世纪和19世纪，用名词复数centuries“世纪”。故填(c)enturies。
52．句意：他们在家中保管他们的收藏，直到收藏变得太大或直到他们去世，然后这些收藏被捐赠给博物馆。根据“their collection at home”可知把收藏保管在家，keep“保管”，句子用一般过去时，动词用过去式。故填(k)ept。
53．句意：例如，汉斯·斯隆爵士收集的80,000件物品构成了大英博物馆的主要收藏，该博物馆于1759年开放。根据“formed the...collection”可知他的藏品构成了大英博物馆的主要收藏，main“主要的”。故填(m)ain。
54．句意：通常，博物馆的收藏中只有一小部分是展出的。根据“only a small part of a museum’s collection is on”可知只有一小部分藏品是展出的，on show“展出”。故填(s)how。
55．句意：大部分被存放起来或用于研究。根据“Most of it is stored away or used for”以及常识可知大部分被存放起来或用于研究，research“研究”。故填(r)esearch。
56．句意：许多博物馆是生动的地方，吸引着大量游客。根据“places and attract a lot of visitors”可知博物馆吸引着大量的游客，是生动的地方，lively“生动的”。故填(l)ively。
57．句意：他们可以玩电脑模拟游戏，想象他们自己生活在历史上的不同时期或穿越雨林。根据“living at a different time in history or walking through a rainforest”可知是想象他们自己生活在历史上的不同时期或穿越雨林，用反身代词themselves“他们自己”。故填(t)hemselves。
58．句意：在约克的Jorvik中心，除了观看展品外，人们还可以体验旧城的景象、声音和气味。根据“looking at exhibits, people can also experience the sights, sounds and”可知是除了观看展品外，besides“除了……之外”。故填(b)esides。
59．句意：在约克的Jorvik中心，除了观看展品外，人们还可以体验旧城的景象、声音和气味。根据“looking at exhibits, people can also experience the sights, sounds and”可知可以体验旧城的景象、声音和气味，smell“气味”，用名词复数。故填(s)mells。
60．句意：博物馆必须与其他娱乐活动竞争人们的空闲时间和金钱。根据“time and money with other amusements”可知人们在空闲时间去博物馆，spare“空闲的”。故填(s)pare。
（23-24九年级上·江苏淮安·期中）根据短文内容及所给首字母提示，写出所缺单词，使短文意思完整、通顺，每空一词。
As a new way to spread (传播) ideas and information, short videos are gaining popularity in China. Some of them are about five minutes long, w 61 some are just a few seconds. Most people kill time by watching short videos or by s 62 their daily lives with others, especially funny things that happen to them. They not o 63 enjoy watching them, but also are i 64 in making them.
Why are short videos so p 65 For one thing, they can help people learn new things e 66 and quickly. For another, they can even help people make money. For example, lots of farmers now use short videos to promote (宣传) their products.
H 67 , every coin has two sides. The popularity of short videos can also c 68 problems. Spending too much time watching or making short videos takes time away from studying, working and other important things. What's worse, we might get wrong information from the videos.
In my opinion, short videos can help us learn more a 69 the world. But we have to think carefully about how much time we should s 70 on them. We also need to be careful about the information we get from them.
【答案】
61．(w)hile 62．(s)haring 63．(o)nly 64．(i)nteresed 65．(p)opular 66．(e)asily 67．(H)owever 68．(c)ause 69．(a)bout 70．(s)pend
【导语】本文主要讲述了短视频已经成为人们生活中的一部分，并介绍了短视频的优势和缺陷。
61．句意：其中一些大约五分钟长，而另一些只有几秒钟。根据“Some of them are about five minutes long…some are just a few seconds.”以及首字母提示可知，前后句是对比关系，此处应用while“然而”，表转折。故填(w)hile。
62．句意：大多数人通过观看短视频或与他人分享日常生活来消磨时间，尤其是发生在他们身上的有趣事情。根据“by…their daily lives with others”以及首字母提示可知，此处指与他人分享日常生活，share“分享”，动词，share sth. with sb.“与某人分享某物”，动词短语；空前为介词by，空处应用动名词作宾语。故填(s)haring。
63．句意：他们不仅喜欢看它们，而且对制作它们也很感兴趣。根据“They not…enjoy watching them, but also are…in making them.”以及首字母提示可知，not only…but also…“不但……而且……”，固定搭配。故填(o)nly。
64．句意：他们不仅喜欢看它们，而且对制作它们也很感兴趣。根据“They not…enjoy watching them, but also are…in making them.”以及首字母提示可知，此处指人们对制作短视频感兴趣，They作主语，应用修饰人的形容词，应用interested，be interested in doing sth.“对做某事感兴趣”，固定短语。故填(i)nteresed。
65．句意：为什么短视频如此受欢迎？根据下文“The popularity of short videos can also…problems.”以及首字母提示可知，此处应表达“为什么短视频如此受欢迎”，应用形容词popular“受欢迎的”。故填(p)opular。
66．句意：一方面，它们可以帮助人们轻松快速地学习新事物。根据“they can help people learn new things…and quickly”以及首字母提示可知，此处指人们可以从短视频中轻松快速地学习新事物，应用副词来修饰动词learn，应用easily“容易地”。故填(e)asily。
67．句意：然而，凡事都有两面性。根据“every coin has two sides”以及首字母提示可知，上文介绍了短视频的优势，下文要介绍短视频的缺陷，此处应用副词however“然而”，表转折。故填(H)owever。
68．句意：短视频的流行也会造成问题。根据“The popularity of short videos can also…problems.”以及首字母提示可知，此处指“造成问题”，cause“造成”，动词；空前有情态动词can，其后接动词原形，空处应用动词原形。故填(c)ause。
69．句意：在我看来，短视频可以帮助我们更多地了解世界。根据“short videos can help us learn more…the world”以及首字母提示可知，此处指短视频可以帮助我们更多地了解世界，learn about“了解”，动词短语。故填(a)bout。
70．句意：但是我们必须仔细考虑我们应该在短视频上花多少时间。根据“we have to think carefully about how much time we should…on them”以及首字母提示可知，此处指我们必须仔细考虑我们应该在短视频上花多少时间，spend“花费”，动词，spend+时间+on sth.“在……上花时间”，固定短语；空前为情态动词should，空处应用动词原形；故填(s)pend。
（24-25九年级下·江苏盐城·开学考试）根据短文内容及首字母提示，在空白处填入一个适当的单词。
Dear David,
I’m glad you’ll come to Beijing to learn Chinese. Chinese is very u 71 . Many foreigners are learning it now. It’s d 72 from English in many ways. I think you must try to listen to Chinese as much as p 73 . It’s a good i 74 to watch Chinese TV programs. Reading Chinese stories and newspapers is also h 75 for your Chinese. Try your best to talk with people in Chinese. You can learn Chinese not only from books but also from people around you. If you have any questions, please write to me. I’m looking forward to m 76 you soon.
Best wishes!
Li Hua
There are many interesting festivals in the world. The Spring Festival is one of the most i 77 festivals in China. It is in January or February. People usually c 78 it in many ways. They clean their houses, buy lots of delicious food and new clothes. On New Year’s Eve, families get t 79 and have a big dinner. Children are very happy because they can get red p 80 with money in them.
【答案】
71．(u)seful 72．(d)ifferent 73．(p)ossible 74．(i)dea 75．(h)elpful 76．(m)eeting 77．(i)mportant 78．(c)elebrate 79．(t)ogether 80．(p)ackets
【导语】本文是一篇书信，David将来北京学习汉语，李华给他一些学习汉语的建议，如多听汉语、看中文节目、读中文故事报纸等，还提到中国人可以通过多种方式庆祝春节，如全家团聚吃年夜饭、给孩子发红包等。
71．句意：汉语非常有用。根据“Many foreigners are learning it now.”可知，汉语是非常有用的。结合首字母“u”，useful“有用的”，形容词，符合语境，故填(u)seful。
72．句意：它在很多方面与英语不同。根据“from English in many ways”以及首字母“d”可知，此处指汉语在很多方面与英语不同。different“不同的”，形容词，be different from“与……不同”，故填(d)ifferent。
73．句意：我认为你必须尽可能多地听汉语。根据“I think you must try to listen to Chinese as much as…”以及首字母“p”可知，此处指尽可能多地听汉语。as much as possible“尽可能多地”，故填(p)ossible。
74．句意：看中文电视节目是个好主意。根据“…to watch Chinese TV programs”以及首字母“i”可知，看中文电视节目是个好主意。idea“主意，想法”，可数名词，a good idea“一个好主意”，故填(i)dea。
75．句意：读中文故事和报纸对你的汉语也有帮助。根据“Reading Chinese stories and newspapers is also…”以及首字母“h”可知，读中文故事和报纸对学汉语也是有帮助的。helpful“有帮助的”，形容词，be helpful for“对……有帮助”，故填(h)elpful。
76．句意：我期待很快见到你。根据“I’m looking forward to…”以及首字母“m”和后面的“you”可知，此处指期待见到你。meet“遇见”，动词，look forward to doing sth.“期待做某事”，所以用动名词形式meeting，故填(m)eeting。
77．句意：春节是中国最重要的节日之一。根据“The Spring Festival is one of the most…”以及首字母“i”可知，春节是中国最重要的节日之一。important“重要的”，形容词，“one of the + 形容词最高级 + 名词复数”表示“最……之一”，故填(i)mportant。
78．句意：人们通常用很多方式庆祝它。根据“People usually…it in many ways.”以及首字母“c”可知，此处指人们通常以很多方式庆祝春节。celebrate“庆祝”，动词，句子时态为一般现在时，主语“People”是复数，谓语动词用原形，故填(c)elebrate。
79．句意：在除夕夜，家人聚在一起吃一顿丰盛的晚餐。根据“On New Year’s Eve, families get…”以及首字母“t”可知，在除夕夜，家人们聚在一起。get together“聚在一起”，故填(t)ogether。
80．句意：孩子们非常高兴，因为他们可以得到里面装有钱的红包。根据“Children are very happy because they can get red…with money in them.”以及首字母“p”可知，孩子们高兴是因为他们能得到装有钱的红包。packet“小包，包裹”，此处指红包，常用复数形式packets，故填(p)ackets。
（24-25九年级上·江苏扬州·期末）根据短文内容和首字母提示，在下文空格处填入适当的单词使短文完整。（每空一词）
Captain Nemo invited me and my friends to go hunting with him in the forests of Crespo Island. Ned was e 81 . He thought there might be a good chance to leave here. I was not so sure. When I saw Captain Nemo the next day, I asked him w 82 he was so interested in Crespo Island. “I thought you l 83 the sea instead of being on land.”
“I do,” replied the captain. “But these forests are under the sea.” When Ned realized that we were not going onto l 84 for our hunting trip, he decided not to come at all.
We put on our diving suits and soon we were about ten meters under the water. The light from the sun reached u 85 . Everything looked very colorful. Conseil and I followed Captain Nemo. We were going deeper and deeper. Two hours later, we were a hundred meters under the water. The suits w 86 very well, and it was easy to walk and breathe.
At one hundred meters deep, we could s 87 see quite well, and Captain Nemo stopped and pointed to some dark shapes. This was the f 88 . The “trees” in it were giant seaweed. Fish swam a 89 the branches like birds in a forest. There are flowers near the seaweed trees.
Suddenly, I saw a large sea spider about a meter tall. It was going to attack me. Captain Nemo’s man killed it with his air rifle, but it reminded me that the sea could be as d 90 as it was beautiful. We continued to walk downhill.
——20000 Leagues Under the Sea
【答案】
81．(e)xcited 82．(w)hy 83．(l)iked/(l)oved 84．(l)and 85．(u)s 86．(w)orked 87．(s)till 88．(f)orest 89．(a)round/(a)mong 90．(d)angerous
【导语】本文选自《海底两万里》，生动描绘了海底狩猎的经历，展现了奇妙的海底世界。
81．句意：奈德很兴奋。根据后文“He thought there might be a good chance to leave here.”及首字母提示可知，此处表示 “兴奋的”，形容人的情绪，用 “excited”。故填(e)xcited。
82．句意：第二天，当我见到尼莫船长时，我问他为什么对克雷斯波岛这么感兴趣。根据前文“I asked him” 以及后文“he was so interested in Crespo Island.”可知，这里是询问原因，以字母 “w” 开头引导询问原因的特殊疑问词是“why”。故填(w)hy。
83．句意：我以为你喜欢大海，而不是陆地。根据“I thought you...the sea instead of being on land.”及首字母提示可知，此处指的是“喜欢”，like/love“喜欢”，结合“thought”可知，此处动词用过去式，故填(l)iked/(l)oved。
84．句意：当奈德知道我们不是到陆地上去打猎时，就决定不来了。根据“But these forests are under the sea.”以及“We put on our diving suits and soon we were about ten meters under the water.”可知，此处指的是“去陆地打猎”，land“陆地”，是名词，故填(l)and。
85．句意：太阳的光照到我们身上。根据“We put on our diving suits and soon we were about ten meters under the water.”及首字母提示可知，此处指的是us“我们”，此处作动词reach的宾语，故填(u)s。
86．句意：这潜水服很好用，走路和呼吸都很方便。根据“The suits...very well, and it was easy to walk and breathe.”及首字母提示可知，此处指的是潜水服“运作得很好”，讲述过去的情况，用一般过去时，work表示 “运作，起作用”，过去式是worked。故填(w)orked。
87．句意：在一百米深的地方，我们仍然看得很清楚，尼摩船长停下来，指着一些黑影。根据“see quite well, and Captain Nemo stopped and pointed to some dark shapes”及首字母提示可知，此处指的是“仍然看地很清楚”，still“仍然”，故填(s)till。
88．句意：这就是森林。根据“The ‘trees’ in it were giant seaweed.”及“go hunting with him in the forests of Crespo Island.”可知，此处指的是“海底森林”，forest“森林”，故填(f)orest。
89．句意：鱼像森林里的鸟一样在树枝间游来游去。根据“Fish swam...the branches like birds in a forest.”及首字母提示可知，此处指的是“鱼像森林里的鸟一样在树枝间游来游去”，此处应用around“在……周围”/among“在……当中”，故填(a)round/(a)mong。
90．句意：但这提醒我，大海既美丽又危险。根据首字母提示及“It was going to attack me. Captain Nemo’s man killed it with his air rifle”可知，此处说的是“海底既美丽又危险”，dangerous“危险的”，是形容词，故填(d)angerous。
（24-25九年级上·江苏镇江·期中）根据短文内容，在文章后表格中的空白处填入一个最恰当的词，每空一词。
Umbrellas are useful, rain or shine or snow. They have been used for different kinds of weather for more than 3, 000 years.
You might say that umbrellas are out of history. Early Chinese r 91 used them in ceremonies (典礼). The kings of Burma (缅甸) rode on white elephants u 92 white umbrellas. People in Greece and Rome also used umbrellas long ago. The umbrellas of early times were used in warm lands as protection a 93 the sun. By the 1600s umbrellas had appeared in Europe, such as England and France. In these c 94 , they were used on rainy days, too. The umbrellas were thought to be big and heavy. By the 1700s umbrellas had beautiful handles (柄) m 95 of rare wood. Some umbrellas had empty handles. Knives, and even pens and paper were kept in these handles. Umbrellas were i 96 in the 1800s. Before that time most were made with whale bones. They weighed 10 pounds! By 1826, their w 97 was down to 1.5 pounds. Steel frames (框架) were first used in 1852. Covers for these umbrellas were made of waxed silk or oiled paper.
Today’s umbrellas are very l 98 . Some people think they turn inside out too e 99 , but modern umbrellas do have some good points. Now umbrellas are a necessary part of e 100 life and are used all over the world. They are just going to get more and more modern as time goes by.
【答案】
91．(r)ulers 92．(u)nder 93．(a)gainst 94．(c)ountries 95．(m)ade 96．(i)mproved 97．(w)eight 98．(l)ight 99．(e)asily 100．(e)veryday
【导语】本文讲述了伞的历史和发展。从古埃及和日本等国的仪式使用，到北欧和英格兰等国的日常使用，再到现代伞的轻便设计和多样用途，伞经历了数千年的演变。
91．句意：早期的中国统治者在仪式上使用它们。根据“Early Chinese...used them in ceremonies.”以及首字母提示可知，此处指中国的统治者祭祀时使用。ruler“统治者”符合语境，此处使用复数形式。故填(r)ulers。
92．句意：缅甸国王骑着白色的大象，打着白色的伞。根据“The kings of Burma rode on white elephants...white umbrellas.”以及首字母提示可知，国王撑着伞，应是在伞下，under“在……之下”符合语境。故填(u)nder。
93．句意：早期的雨伞是在温暖的土地上用来防晒的。根据“The umbrellas of early times were used in warm lands as protection...the sun.”以及首字母提示可知，此处指伞用来防晒，against“抵抗”符合语境。故填(a)gainst。
94．句意：在这些国家，它们也在雨天使用。根据“By the 1600s umbrellas had appeared in Europe, such as England and France.”以及首字母提示可知，英国和法国都是“国家”country，此处使用复数形式。故填(c)ountries。
95．句意：到18世纪，雨伞的手柄由稀有木材制成，非常漂亮。根据“By the 1700s umbrellas had beautiful handles...of rare wood.”以及首字母提示可知，此处指“由……制成”made of。故填(m)ade。
96．句意：雨伞在19世纪得到了改进。根据“Before that time most were made with whale bones.”以及首字母提示可知，雨伞得到了“改善”improve，此处为被动语态，使用过去分词。故填(i)mproved。
97．句意：到1826年，它们的重量已降至1.5磅。根据“By 1826, their...was down to 1.5 pounds.”以及首字母提示可知，此处指重量已经降到1.5磅，此处作宾语，使用名词“重量”weight。故填(w)eight。
98．句意：今天的雨伞很轻。根据“By 1826, their...was down to 1.5 pounds.”以及首字母提示可知，雨伞越来越轻，light“轻的”符合语境。故填(l)ight。
99．句意：有些人认为它们太容易翻转，但现代雨伞确实有一些优点。根据“Some people think they turn inside out too...but modern umbrellas do have some good points.”以及首字母提示可知，前后句为转折关系，后文提到优点，因此前句指缺点，雨伞太轻，容易翻转，“easily”容易地，修饰动词。故填(e)asily。
100．句意：现在雨伞是日常生活中不可或缺的一部分，在世界各地都有使用。根据“Now umbrellas are a necessary part of...life and are used all over the world.”以及首字母提示可知，此处指“日常生活”everyday life。故填(e)veryday。
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)特训12 词汇填空之语篇首字母填空训练
（名校模拟15篇）
（时间90分钟，满分150分）
（24-25九年级上·江苏南京·期末）请根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词。
Shadow play is a traditional type of performing art in China. Leather puppets (木偶), controlled by sticks, are held up against a screen with a light behind them. Along with music, songs, dances and d 1 , they tell a story.
Some form of shadow play has been in China for a long time s 2 puppets were mentioned in earlier records. But it was not until the Northern Song Dynasty that shadow play was r 3 in books.
The tools required for a shadow play are s 4 : just a white screen, puppets, and a light. Screens were made of paper. Puppets might have been made of paper at first as well, but no d 5 leather soon gained more popularity since it could last longer. That is why the art form is called pí yǐng xì in modern C 6 language. Puppets stand for people and different things. They are carved (雕刻) and painted with bright colors in order to s 7 through the screen. A typical performing team is made up of five people. One controls the puppets, t 8 play the instruments and one sings all the parts.
For many people, watching shadow puppetry is a pleasure, but the value of shadow puppetry goes far b 9 that. Seeing that the art form can pass on cultural history and local customs, the Chinese government is promoting (推广) this ancient and important art form, but perhaps the best promoters are the performers t 10 , who are finding ways to bring the art form to young people. With new ideas, they are sure to give new life to this old art.
（24-25九年级下·江苏南通·阶段练习）请认真阅读下面短文，并根据各题所给首字母的提示，写出一个合适的英语单词完整、正确的形式，使短文通顺。
Everyone knows about straight-A students. We see them frequently in TV programs and in movies. The kids at the top of the class get there by mastering a few basic techniques that others can learn in an easy way. Thus it is necessary for you to learn the s 11 of becoming straight-A students.
A 12 the students we have interviewed, study times are a matter of personal preference. Some work late at night when it is quiet ,whereas others awake early. And there are still others who decide to study as soon as they come home from school when the work is fresh in their minds. All of them a 13 , however, on the need for study time. “Whatever I was doing, I would find some time every day for studying,” says a top student from New Jersey.
Being organized is another habit they share in c 14 . McCray, an outstanding student interviewed, runs track, plays football and is in a band. “I was so busy. I couldn’t w 15 time looking for a pencil or missing paper. I kept everything right where I could put my hands on it,” he says. Some students maintain two folders—one for the day’s assignment, the other for papers completed and graded. However, some students have another s 16 , filing the day’s papers in color-coded folders by subject.
The top students also take good notes w 17 reading the text assignment. In fact, David Cirri, another top student interviewed, uses “my homemade” system in w 18 he draws a line down the center of a notebook, writes notes from the text on one side and those from the lecture delivered b 19 his teacher on the other. Then, he is able to review both aspects of the assignment at once.
Just before the bell rings, most students c 20 their books, put away papers, whisper to friends and get ready to rush out. But the top students use the few minutes to write a two-or-three-sentence summary of the lesson’s important points, which he or she scans before the next day’s class.
You can become a straight-A student by following the above secrets.
（2025·江苏苏州·模拟预测）请认真阅读下面短文，填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Food waste is a world’s problem. Every year, about 1.3 billion tonnes, or one-third of all the food produced is thrown away, according to a survey. Using just 25 percent of that wasted food could feed 870 million hungry people, which would end world hunger. The people of France wasted 234 pounds of food per person, which is much 21 (good) than some other countries. In the past, France wasn’t good at 22 (control) food waste, but now the country takes the lead.
A law was made by the French government. It made France the 23 (one) country in the world to prevent supermarkets from throwing away unused food. Now supermarkets of a certain size must donate unused food, 24 they will face a fine. There are other rules requiring schools to teach students about food sustainability (可持续性). They also ask 25 (company) to report the food waste data in their environmental reports. And restaurants should provide take-out bags.
“These laws make 26 a standard to reduce waste,” says Marie Mourad, a student in Paris who has 27 (write) several reports on French food waste. France is not the country 28 wastes the least food, but Frenchmen have become the most active because they want to be the example in Europe.
“Preventing supermarkets from throwing away food 29 (mean) a lot,” says Jonathan, a famous writer. “This step has influenced parts of the French food industry.”
It is 30 (everyone) duty to fight against food waste. Everyone should pay attention and take action.
（24-25九年级下·江苏南京·阶段练习）根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为1-10的相应位置上。
Once a main stop on the ancient Silk Road, Dunhuang has wonderful Buddhist (佛教的) art dating back over1,650 years. It is h 31 to more than 2,000 colored sculptures and 45,000 square meters of murals (壁画). The sculptures and p 32 in Mogao Grottoes show the cultures of ancient China, Central Asia and India.
The style and the content of the murals changed all the time throughout the c 33 . In addition to their artistic values, the Dunhuang murals are today widely c 34 as a treasure house with valuable information about religions, culture and social life in ancient China. The cultural exchanges between China and the West brought p 35 and also helped Dunhuang culture prosper (繁荣).
H 36 , for a long time, the Mogao Grottoes were in danger. In 1944, the Dunhuang Academy was set up. It protects and s 37 the grottoes and their culture.
Have you ever e 38 “Digital Dunhuang” People can see clear photos of the Mogao Grottoes online. Videos, cartoons, and games can also help people learn more about the grottoes. Last year, Yunyou Dunhuang, a WeChat mini program, had 12 million v 39 within two months after it came out.
Dunhuang Museum opened its own online store in May 2020, a 40 50,000 customers in the following three months. It has used elements (元素) of Dunhuang culture to sell things like stationery (文具) and makeup. To let the world learn more about Dunhuang, a national lab will be set up to research and protect the grottoes. A virtual reality tour system will go online around June.
（24-25九年级下·江苏南京·开学考试）根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词。
A hug (拥抱) is a form of human touch that happens when two or more people hold each other closely. People hug for many different reasons in their lives. For example, if a child is sad, a p 41 may hug him or her to give comfort. Grown-ups may hug to show each other love. Friends may hug to show friendship. Members of a team may hug after winning a game to show happiness and encourage other team members.
Hugs may seem u 42 , but hugging is a necessary human need. For example, hugging is important in building human relationships. When a person is given a hug, he or she feels loved and important. In this way, it creates a sense of t 43 , belonging (归属感) and safety that encourages open communication and understanding with others.
Hugging also has many h 44 advantages. For example, hugs can be good for people’s health. Research has shown that hugs can lower the risk of getting a cold as well as lower worry l 45 . Giving and receiving hugs can also make people happier.
Finally, hugging can even save lives. In recent years, doctors have found that it is best when a baby is held soon after being born. It keeps the baby warm and helps keep his heart rate stable (心率平稳). Besides, these babies feel safer and seem to be happier. Sometimes, a hug from a mother can save the life of her newly-born baby who is d 46 .
K 47 the importance of a hug, one man started the Free Hugs Campaign in 2001. It was an a 48 of kindness to show that everyone is an important person. Giving hugs to unknown people who wanted or needed a hug became popular in s 49 . Now, the month of July is known as International Free Hugs Month.
Someone once said, “We need four hugs a day for l 50 on. We need eight hugs a day for holding on. We need twelve hugs a day for growing up.” There may not be many people who give out 12 a day. But for all it advantages, maybe it is something we should all do more often.
（24-25九年级上·江苏连云港·期中）根据短文意思及所给首字母，写出一个完整正确的单词。
Many people have the hobby of collecting things, e.g. stamps, postcards or antiques (古玩). In the 18th and 19th c 51 , wealthy people travelled and collected plants, historical objects and works of art. They k 52 their collection at home until it got too big or until they died, and then it was given to a museum. The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, formed the m 53 collection of the British Museum which opened in 1759.
The parts of a museum open to the public are called galleries or rooms. Often, only a small part of a museum’s collection is on s 54 . Most of it is stored away or used for r 55 .
Many museums are l 56 places and attract a lot of visitors. They can play with computer simulations (模拟) and imagine t 57 living at a different time in history or walking through a rainforest. At the Jorvik Center in York, b 58 looking at exhibits, people can also experience the sights, sounds and s 59 of the old town. Historical accuracy (精确) is important but so is entertainment. Museums must compete for people’s s 60 time and money with other amusements. Most museums also welcome school groups and organize special activities for children.
（23-24九年级上·江苏淮安·期中）根据短文内容及所给首字母提示，写出所缺单词，使短文意思完整、通顺，每空一词。
As a new way to spread (传播) ideas and information, short videos are gaining popularity in China. Some of them are about five minutes long, w 61 some are just a few seconds. Most people kill time by watching short videos or by s 62 their daily lives with others, especially funny things that happen to them. They not o 63 enjoy watching them, but also are i 64 in making them.
Why are short videos so p 65 For one thing, they can help people learn new things e 66 and quickly. For another, they can even help people make money. For example, lots of farmers now use short videos to promote (宣传) their products.
H 67 , every coin has two sides. The popularity of short videos can also c 68 problems. Spending too much time watching or making short videos takes time away from studying, working and other important things. What's worse, we might get wrong information from the videos.
In my opinion, short videos can help us learn more a 69 the world. But we have to think carefully about how much time we should s 70 on them. We also need to be careful about the information we get from them.
（24-25九年级下·江苏盐城·开学考试）根据短文内容及首字母提示，在空白处填入一个适当的单词。
Dear David,
I’m glad you’ll come to Beijing to learn Chinese. Chinese is very u 71 . Many foreigners are learning it now. It’s d 72 from English in many ways. I think you must try to listen to Chinese as much as p 73 . It’s a good i 74 to watch Chinese TV programs. Reading Chinese stories and newspapers is also h 75 for your Chinese. Try your best to talk with people in Chinese. You can learn Chinese not only from books but also from people around you. If you have any questions, please write to me. I’m looking forward to m 76 you soon.
Best wishes!
Li Hua
There are many interesting festivals in the world. The Spring Festival is one of the most i 77 festivals in China. It is in January or February. People usually c 78 it in many ways. They clean their houses, buy lots of delicious food and new clothes. On New Year’s Eve, families get t 79 and have a big dinner. Children are very happy because they can get red p 80 with money in them.
（24-25九年级上·江苏扬州·期末）根据短文内容和首字母提示，在下文空格处填入适当的单词使短文完整。（每空一词）
Captain Nemo invited me and my friends to go hunting with him in the forests of Crespo Island. Ned was e 81 . He thought there might be a good chance to leave here. I was not so sure. When I saw Captain Nemo the next day, I asked him w 82 he was so interested in Crespo Island. “I thought you l 83 the sea instead of being on land.”
“I do,” replied the captain. “But these forests are under the sea.” When Ned realized that we were not going onto l 84 for our hunting trip, he decided not to come at all.
We put on our diving suits and soon we were about ten meters under the water. The light from the sun reached u 85 . Everything looked very colorful. Conseil and I followed Captain Nemo. We were going deeper and deeper. Two hours later, we were a hundred meters under the water. The suits w 86 very well, and it was easy to walk and breathe.
At one hundred meters deep, we could s 87 see quite well, and Captain Nemo stopped and pointed to some dark shapes. This was the f 88 . The “trees” in it were giant seaweed. Fish swam a 89 the branches like birds in a forest. There are flowers near the seaweed trees.
Suddenly, I saw a large sea spider about a meter tall. It was going to attack me. Captain Nemo’s man killed it with his air rifle, but it reminded me that the sea could be as d 90 as it was beautiful. We continued to walk downhill.
——20000 Leagues Under the Sea
（24-25九年级上·江苏镇江·期中）根据短文内容，在文章后表格中的空白处填入一个最恰当的词，每空一词。
Umbrellas are useful, rain or shine or snow. They have been used for different kinds of weather for more than 3, 000 years.
You might say that umbrellas are out of history. Early Chinese r 91 used them in ceremonies (典礼). The kings of Burma (缅甸) rode on white elephants u 92 white umbrellas. People in Greece and Rome also used umbrellas long ago. The umbrellas of early times were used in warm lands as protection a 93 the sun. By the 1600s umbrellas had appeared in Europe, such as England and France. In these c 94 , they were used on rainy days, too. The umbrellas were thought to be big and heavy. By the 1700s umbrellas had beautiful handles (柄) m 95 of rare wood. Some umbrellas had empty handles. Knives, and even pens and paper were kept in these handles. Umbrellas were i 96 in the 1800s. Before that time most were made with whale bones. They weighed 10 pounds! By 1826, their w 97 was down to 1.5 pounds. Steel frames (框架) were first used in 1852. Covers for these umbrellas were made of waxed silk or oiled paper.
Today’s umbrellas are very l 98 . Some people think they turn inside out too e 99 , but modern umbrellas do have some good points. Now umbrellas are a necessary part of e 100 life and are used all over the world. They are just going to get more and more modern as time goes by.
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