专题01 词法之冠词、介词、代词、名词
目录
题型综述 1
解题攻略 2
冠词 2
介词 7
代词 13
名词 20
中考练场 30
【题型解读】
中考语法单项选择题型包含了词法、句法及词汇、固定搭配等多方面语法词汇知识。单选题的考点主要分布在：名词、动词、形容词、副词、代词、冠词、连词、介词、情态动词；时态、语态；词义辨析、及各种不同的从句及交际用语上。
冠词聚焦定冠词 the、不定冠词 a/an 基础用法及零冠词情形，依语境判断冠词使用。代词考查人称、物主、反身、指示、不定代词等用法，区分 it 与 one 指代差异。介词主要考查基本用法、固定搭配及易混介词辨析，如 in、on、at 表时间或地点区别。名词考察考名词单复数、可数与不可数判断、所有格用法，重点考查词义辨析。
【命题规律】
1.考查语法在具体语境中的运用，主要要求对词法，句法的灵活运用。对句子意思的依赖程度不高。
2.冠词注意区分不定冠词a,an以及定冠词the的运用；介词常考的是by，with，without，in，for，near，on，outside等的用法以及介词短语。代词常考反身代词和名词性物主代词；名词重点考查词义比较辨析；名词的单复数以及名词所有格。
【解题技巧】
冠词：判断是泛指还是特指，注意固定搭配和特殊用法，如have a cold、in a hurry等。
介词：根据句子的语义和固定搭配选择合适的介词，注意动词、形容词与介词的搭配，如listen to、look at等。
代词：明确代词的指代对象，注意人称代词的主格、宾格、物主代词和反身代词的用法，结合上下文语境进行判断。
名词：根据句子的语义和语法确定名词的单复数形式，注意名词的词义辨析，结合生活经验和知识积累推测词义。
（一）冠词
【考点诠释】
冠词是基本考点，经常考查不定冠词a, an和定冠词the的基本用法和固定搭配。解题时，首先看空格后是否有名词，有单数可数名词，搭配后表示泛指时，应考虑不定冠词a/an，此时还应该注意其后的词的第一个音素，如果是元音填an，如果是辅音，则填a；有名词，搭配后表示特指时，应考虑定冠词the；还要看是否是固定搭配。
考点 种类 常见用法
冠词 不定冠词 (a / an) 1. 修饰可数名词单数，表示泛指。以元音音素开头的单词前需要用an，而以辅音音素开头的单词前用a。如：an apple, a banana, an umbrella。
2. 与序数词连用，表示再一，又一”。如：You can try it a second time if you fail.
3. 固定搭配。如：all of a sudden; as a matter of fact; as a result; as a rule; as a whole; at a distance; in a way。
定冠词 (the) 1. 表复指上文提到过的人或物。如：We have a cat and two dogs. The cat is black and the dogs are white.
2. 表特指说话双方都知道的人或物。如： Pass me the dictionary, please.
3. 用于比较级前，特指两个被比较的对象的一个。如：Of the two brothers, the younger is more interesting.
零冠词 1. 记忆口诀：下列情况应免冠，代词限定名词前，专有名词不可数，学科球类三餐饭，复数名词表泛指，两节星期月份前，颜色语种和国名，称呼习语及头衔。
2. 固定搭配。如：lose heart, by chance, in time, catch sight of, in place of。
冠词的活用 1.抽象名词或物质名词具体化。如：a surprise 一件意外的事情；a pleasure一个令人快乐的事情。
2. 序数词前的冠词活用。如：Can you give me a second chance, please
3.表示乐器的名词前的冠词活用。如：play the piano；play erhu。
【典题举隅】
1．（2024·江苏宿迁·一模）Nancy’s grandfather is ______ 85-year-old man, but he can still play ______ table tennis now.
A．a, a B．a, the C．an, / D．an, the
2．（2024·江苏连云港·三模）—Could you tell me something about Switzerland
—Oh, it is ________ European country with a beautiful environment.
A．an B．a C．the D．/
3．（2024·江苏连云港·二模）— Have you heard of ________ film Yolo《热辣滚烫》
— Of course, it has been a hot topic since it was first shown on 10th February, 2024.
A．the B．a C．an D．/
4．（2024·江苏扬州·二模）Gaoyou is ________ small city with ________ history of over 2,000 years.
A．a; a B．a; the C．the; a D．the; the
5．（2024·江苏扬州·三模）ChatGPT, an AI chatbot tool, has great influence on our dally lives.
A．a B．/ C．the D．an
6．（2024·江苏扬州·二模）On ________ Children’s Day, Jack received a prize for being ________ honest boy.
A．a; the B．/; the C．/; an D．the; a
7．（2024·江苏宿迁·三模）—Do you know 2024 is the year of Dragon
—Sure. ________ dragon is the fifth sign in the Chinese zodiac cycle (生肖).
A．A B．The C．An D．/
8．（2024·江苏连云港·二模）Treasure Island is ________ useful novel. It teaches me to be brave.
A．a B．an C．/ D．the
9．（2024·江苏镇江·二模）BYD, ________ electric vehicle(车辆) maker in China, has sold its products to over 70 countries.
A．a B．an C．the D．/
10．（2024·江苏淮安·二模）—What do you usually do on weekends
—I play ________ basketball.
A．the B．a C．/ D．an
11．（2024·江苏宿迁·三模）—It’s said that subject three (科目三) has become ________ top dance in 2024.
—Yes, look, Tom is dancing subject three.
A．a B．an C．the D．/
12．（2024·江苏宿迁·三模）—________ movie Article 20 directed by Zhang Yimou was one of the blockbusting movies this Chinese New Year.
—Yes. I would like to see it ________ second time.
A．The; the B．The; a C．A; a D．A; the
13．（2024·江苏宿迁·三模）—Did you have ________ good time in Siyang
—Yes. It was ________ enjoyable trip. It is very lucky for people to live here.
A．a, an B．an, a C．the, an D．/, an
14．（2024·江苏连云港·二模）Formed Police Unit is such ________ meaningful film that I want to see it again.
A．a B．an C．the D．/
15．（2024·江苏连云港·二模）Shakespeare, ________ European writer, left many excellent works to readers all over the world.
A．an B．a C．the D．/
（二）介词
【考点诠释】
介词是常见语法考点。学生应该熟练掌握常见介词的基本用法；介词与动词、名词、形容词等的固定搭配。如果名词或者代词在句子中不作主语、表语或者动词的宾语时,其前面一般是填介词。高考通常考查介词与动词、形容词或者名词的搭配。做题时应该先根据上下文和句意推断出设空处的具体意思，然后根据熟记的短语来确定要填的词。在学习的过程中应注意对短语的归纳、积累、比较和记忆。
考点 种类 常见用法
介词 时间介词 基本介词 in (表示一天中某段时间,指天、年、月、季节、周次等), on (表示某一天或星期几,指明具体的时间), at (表示特定的时间、节日、年龄), by (…的时候、到、等到…已经等,用在天、时间的前面)
难点 1. in 与after的用法区别：A.介词in+一段时间用于一般将来时。B.介词after+一段时间用于一般过去时。C.介词after +时间点常用于一般将来时。
for 与since的用法区别：A.介词for表示一段时间。B.介词since表示从过去某一时间以来。
during与for的用法区别：A.当所指的时间起止分明时用介词during。B.如果一段时间不明确则用介词for。
before与by的用法区别：A.介词before表示“在…之前”。B.介词by表示“到…时为止,不迟于…”。
地点介词 基本介词 in, at, on, to
难点 1.at 与in 的用法区别：at表示较小的地方，如家、村、乡村等。in表示较大的地方，如大城市、国家、洲等。
2. at与on的用法区别：at用于门牌号。on用于路名。
3.in, on, to的用法区别：in表示“包含”，如：Beijing is in the north of China. on表示“紧邻”，如:Canada lies on the north of the U.S. to表示“没接触”，如：France lies to the south of England.
方式介词 基本介词 with, in, by
难点 in, with, by的用法区别：in表示“用材料、语言”。如： Can you say it in English with表示“用工具、某物”如: with a pen。 by表示“用、以、靠、通过…方法”。如：He prefers traveling by car.
方位介词 基本介词 at, in, on, to, beneath, over, under, above, below, in front of / in the front of / behind, between / among, over/across/through
难点 1.in, on, at 的用法区别：in表示“排、行、组”。on表示“左、右”。at表示“前、后”。
2. on, over, above的用法区别：on表示一物放在另一物上面两者紧贴在一起。over表示一种垂直悬空的上下关系，即“在…上方”。介词above表示一般的“高于….”，“在…之上”。
3. under与below的用法区别：under是over的反义词即“在…下方”。below是above的反义词即“低于…” , “在…之下”。
4. across, through, over, past的用法区别：across着重于“从—头或—边到另—头或另—边”，强调从表面穿过。through着重于“穿越” ，强调从一定的空间内穿过。over多表示从“上方越过”。past表示从“面前经过” 。
不用介词的情况 1.当表示时间的词前有this, that时，其前面不用介词，如：this morning 2.当表示时间的词前有next时，其前面不用介词，如: next Sunday 3.当表示时间的词前有last时，其前面不用介词，如：last Sunday 4.当表示时间的词前有one, any, each, every, some或all时，其前面不用介词，如：You can come any day.
【典题举隅】
1．（2024·江苏镇江·二模）There is a piano ________ the wall in my study. I usually practise playing it in my free time.
A．above B．against C．around D．among
2．（2024·江苏宿迁·一模）The opening ceremony of the 19th Asian Games was held ______ September 23rd 2023.
A．in B．on C．to D．at
3．（2024·江苏南京·三模）My father goes back to Nanjing for the Spring Festival every year ______ last year because he was busy with his work in Changzhou.
A．including B．since C．before D．except
4．（2024·江苏泰州·三模）The 2024 Dragon Boat Festival (Duan Wu Jie) falls ______ June 10. Chinese people can enjoy three days _______ work from June 8 to 10.
A．on, off B．in, away C．on, away D．in, off
5．（2024·江苏淮安·二模）My sister goes back to Huai’an for the Middle Autumn Festival every year ________ last year because she was busy with her work in Nanjing.
A．including B．since C．except D．till
6．（2024·江苏宿迁·三模）The Dragon Boat Festival usually falls ________ June, and it is on June 10 this year.
A．at B．on C．in D．from
7．（2024·江苏南京·三模）Putin visited China ________ the 16th. of May.
A．in B．on C．at D．of
8．（2024·江苏南京·二模）The Shenzhou 18 spaceship was sent into space successfully _______ the evening of 25 April, 2024.
A．in B．on C．at D．by
9．（2024·江苏南京·一模）The Dragon Boat Festival of this year falls ________ June 10th.
A．at B．in C．on D．to
10．（2024·江苏连云港·二模）The 33rd Olympic Games will take place ________ Paris, the capital of France.
A．in B．at C．on D．from
11．（2024·江苏宿迁·一模）China successfully launched the Chang’e-6 spacecraft ________ the evening _________ May 3, 2024 at the Wenchang Space Launch Site to retrieve samples from moon’s far side.
A．at; on B．on; on C．on; of D．at; of
12．（2024·江苏宿迁·二模）—The Two Sessions was held in Beijing ________ the afternoon of March 4, 2024.
—Yes. And the global community has once again turned its attention to the event.
A．in B．at C．on D．by
13．（2024·江苏镇江·一模）The bridge ________ the river, not far away from here, is called Zhongshan Bridge.
A．across B．around C．along D．against
14．（2024·江苏宿迁·二模）The Entrance Examination to Senior School will come ________ the morning ________ June 15th, e on, boys and girls.
A．on; of B．in; at C．at; in D．in; of
15．（2024·江苏连云港·一模）People and birds share their homes _________ the blue sky.
A．under B．from C．beside D．without
16．（2024·江苏淮安·一模）Lucy, you’d better do some exercise ________ the morning to keep fit.
A．at B．on C．in D．of
17．（2024·江苏南通·一模）The traditional Chinese lunar calendar divides a year into 24 solar terms. Guyu, the last solar terms of spring, usually falls ________ April.
A．to B．at C．on D．in
18．（2024·江苏连云港·一模）—I hear that the two sessions is held ________ March every year.
—Yes, many topics are talked about.
A．on B．in C．at D．with
19．（2024·江苏无锡·一模）We are going to celebrate the 75th anniversary of the founding of the People’s Republic of China ________ October 1st, 2024.
A．in B．on C．at D．of
20．（2024·江苏南京·一模）A special event showing the products from Jiangsu Province was held in Beijing ________ Tuesday.
A．on B．in C．of D．at
代词
【考点诠释】
代词也是常见语法考点。可能考查①宾格形式：在句中作宾语或表语。②形容词性物主代词：在名词前作定语。③名词性物主代词：作主语、宾语或表语。④反身代词、不定代词、指示代词、疑问代词等。
考点 种类 常见用法
代词 人称代词 主格：I, we, you, he, she, they, it
宾格：me, us, you, him, her, them, it
物主代词 形容性物主代词：my, our, your, his, her, their, its，近年对its考查较多，值得重点关注。
名词性物主代词：mine, ours, yours, his, hers, theirs, its
反身代词 形式：myself, ourselves, yourself, yourselves, herself, himself, themselves, itself, oneself
用法：动词宾语、介词宾语、表语、同位语
动词短语：behave oneself, dress oneself, enjoy oneself, express oneself；介词短语：by oneself, for oneself, in oneself, to oneself，这些固定搭配应该重点记忆。
不定代词 all, both, either, none, neither, each, any，这里要注意并列连词的使用，它也是解题的关键。 some-, any-, no-等+thing, +body的合成代词 many, much, (a) few, (a) little，这里注意所修饰的名词的单复数。 the other, another, the others, others
it用法 1. 做形式主语：It is necessary to repeat the whole thing.
2. 做形式宾语：She made it clear (that) we were not welcome.
3. 做宾补：I have made it clear that everybody is not allowed to smoke here.
4. 用于强调句：It’s Spain that he went to, not Portugal. 强调句型中的it也是考查重点之一。
5. 模糊指代：表示一般情况。指代气候、天气、温度、时间、地点、距离等。
【典题举隅】
1．（2024·江苏镇江·二模）—I’ll have the Spoken English Final tonight. I’m a bit nervous.
—Believe in ________. You’re the best in our class.
A．herself B．myself C．yourself D．himself
2．（2024·江苏宿迁·一模）—Andy, is there ________ in today’s newspaper
—Yes, I can lend mine to you.
A．something interesting B．anything interesting
C．interesting something D．interesting anything
3．（2024·江苏南京·三模）—Is this your English book, Daniel
—No. You’d better ask Amy. She is looking for ________.
A．yours B．hers C．his D．mine
4．（2024·江苏南京·模拟预测）—Which do you prefer, the talk show or the music show
—________. I don’t like any show at all.
A．None B．Either C．Both D．Neither
5．（2024·江苏南京·三模）—Whose passport is this
—Mary’s name is on it. It must be ______.
A．his B．hers C．him D．her
6．（2024·江苏常州·三模）—What did Anna say in the text message Does ________ go well at the new school
—I have no idea. She didn’t ________ anything about her school life.
A．everything; mention B．anything; discover
C．something; connect D．something; confirm
7．（2024·江苏镇江·二模）We find ______ interesting to attend the courses on the integration (融合) of different subjects.
A．them B．it C．that D．this
8．（2024·江苏镇江·二模）I tried to calm down the couple without hurting the feeling of ________, but failed.
A．both B．neither C．either D．every
9．（2024·江苏连云港·二模）My pen is missing. Can you lend ________ to me
A．you B．your C．yours D．yourself
10．（2024·江苏南京·二模）—Lucy, can you help me pass Level 9 in “Word Puzzle”
—Sure, I’ll do what I can, but there’s ________ I can promise since it’s really hard.
A．something B．anything C．everything D．nothing
11．（2024·江苏宿迁·三模）—When shall we meet again, this Saturday or Sunday
— ________ day is OK. I will be in Nanjing this weekend.
A．Either B．Neither C．Each D．None
12．（2024·江苏南京·三模）Mark moved to China with ________ family five years ago.
A．he B．his C．him D．himself
13．（2024·江苏连云港·二模）________ is in the classroom. All the students are having a meeting in the hall.
A．Somebody B．Anybody C．Nobody D．Everybody
14．（2024·江苏南京·二模）—If you remember anything, please contact ________. Thanks for your support.
—Of course I will.
A．we B．us C．our D．ours
15．（2024·江苏连云港·二模）Nancy got a nice gift from her aunt. It makes ________ very excited.
A．she B．her C．hers D．herself
16．（2024·江苏南通·模拟预测）—Mum, it’s my turn to make a speech soon. I’m afraid of being laughed at by others.
—Oh, my honey! Not ________ is a born speaker. Practice makes perfect.
A．everybody B．somebody C．anybody D．nobody
17．（2024·江苏扬州·三模）Jack made a number of kites, but ________ of them can fly in the sky.
A．neither B．none C．all D．either
18．（2024·江苏南京·二模）It is our parents that give us life and bring us up with ________ hard work. So we should do what we can to show our love.
A．us B．your C．them D．their
19．（2024·江苏无锡·三模）Tom recommended me several books, but ________ was to my taste.
A．no one B．nothing C．neither D．none
20．（2024·江苏常州·二模）Since Nantong Metro Line 2 came into operation, the time on the trip has been much less than ________ in the past.
A．that B．this C．one D．it
（四）名词
【考点诠释】
中考名词的考查也是中考最大考向之一，名词的数、格考查较少，主要考查名词词义辨析，考查单词意义的辨识，用法上的辨异，语境应用。名词的词义辨析及词性转化1、同类名词词义辨析A. doctor B.engineer C.writer D.scientist2、不同类名词词义辨析A. sign B. need C. reason D. change3、名词的词性转化safe-safety; long-length; honest-honesty prove-proof; complain-complaint
名词的数
1、规则的可数名词 1）一般加s 2）以 s，sh，ch，x结尾的加 –es 3）辅音字母 + y结尾的变 y为 ies 4）以 o 结尾的词 +es; 以 o 结尾 +s 5）以f，fe 结尾的多数为-ves; 以f，fe 结尾的少数直接 + s 1. teachers, books, 2. classes，dishes, matches, boxes 3. cities，countries，parties，factories 4. (1) heroes，Negroes，tomatoes，potatoes (2) radios，zoos，bamboos，pianos，kilos，photos 5. (1) leaves，lives，wives，knives，halves，wolves (2) roofs proofs, gulfs, beliefs
2、 不规则的可数名词 1）单复数词形相近 2）fish如表示不同种类的鱼时复数是fishes： 3）以man, woman 修饰名词构成合成词时 4）单复数相同 1.man—men, woman—women, tooth—teeth, foot—feet, child—children, mouse—mice 2. There are many kinds of fishes in that lake. 3.man servant—men servants； woman doctor—women doctors. (*boy/girl students) 4. sheep, fish, deer, means, Chinese, Japanese, works
3、复合名词 1. son-in-law---sons-in-law 2. looker-on—lookers-on
4、字母,阿拉伯数字 1. There are two l’s in the word “ all ”. 2. Your 7’s and 9’s look alike. 3. It happened in the 1960’s /1960s.4. I will not accept your if’s and but’s.
5、定冠词加姓氏的复数 the Turners, the Smiths, the Wangs
6、集体名词 class, family, population, team, crew 1. The class is big.---The class are taking notes in English. 2. The population in China is large. ---- 80% of the population in China are peasants.
7、以s 结尾的学科名词 mathematics , physics, politics, news
8、glasses， trousers类 1. Where are my glasses ？ 2. My new pair of trousers is too long. 3. Here are some new pairs of shoes.
9、不可数名词表示“一个”时 1. a piece of news / information / advice / bread / cake / paper / meat / coal 2. a bottle of ink
10、常考不可数名词 information, weather, news, advice, fun，etc.
名词的所有格
1. 一般加’s (1)复合名词只在最后一个词的后面加 ’s (2)表示共同所有的几个名词，只在最后一个词的后面加’s (3)表示各个所有关系的几个名词，在每个名词后分别加’s (4)名词短语只在最后一个词后加 ’s 1.my sister-in-law’s brother. 2.This is Tom, James and Dick’s room. 3.Jenny’s, Jean’s and Mary’s rooms face （to the） south. 4.a quarter of an hour’s talk
2. 有时加of 1）凡不能用’s的情况可用 of表示所属关系 2)当名词有较长的定语时： 1. the City of New York. 2. a map of China. 3. the name of the girl standing at the gate. 4. Have you read the articles of the students who were with us yesterday？
3. 双重所有格 当of前面的名词有不定冠词、指示代词、疑问代词、不定代词或数词如 a, an, this, that, these, those, two, three, four, any, some, several, no, few ,another等修饰时 1. a poem of Lu Xun’s 2. a friend of his/hers 3. Which novel of Dicken’s are you reading 4. some friends of my brothers’
4．几种特殊情况 1. the key to the door 2. answers to the question 3. the entrance to the station / cinema 4. tickets for the film / movie
【典题举隅】
1．（2024·江苏宿迁·一模）—Mum, you look so tired. What’s wrong
—I did ________ housework this morning. Maybe I need a rest now.
A．three hour’s B．three hours of C．three-hour of D．three-hours’
2．（2024·江苏南通·模拟预测）—It’s said that the two ________doctors have just come back from Shanghai.
—Yeah. I know them. They are both already in their ________.
A．woman; forty B．women; fortieth C．women; forties D．woman; forties
3．（2024·江苏常州·一模）In the past forty years, China has created some new wonders of the world and the The Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge is a good ________.
A．example B．challenge C．direction D．choice
4．（2024·江苏镇江·二模）—Dong Yuhui’s live room has got tons of ________ .
—Yeah! The fans are often surprised at his rich knowledge.
A．operation B．attention C．conversation D．introduction
5．（2024·江苏徐州·三模）You should find the ________ of life first, or you will get lost easily.
A．position B．direction C．condition D．situation
6．（2024·江苏常州·三模）Her smile always makes me feel warm and lively. It seems to have ______
A．answer B．magic C．secret D．agreement
7．（2024·江苏宿迁·一模）The beauty of the wetlands caught the ______ of the foreign tourists.
A．condition B．attention C．invention D．position
8．（2024·江苏南京·二模）—Sam was picked out to be in the school basketball team.
—His height gives him a big ________.
A．talent B．sense C．situation D．advantage
9．（2024·江苏连云港·三模）—Many young people can’t ________ to buy houses in big cities in China.
—Exactly.
A．offer B．effort C．affect D．afford
10．（2024·江苏南京·三模）Learning English in a classroom is important, but using English in real ________ will improve skills greatly.
A．standards B．instructions C．situations D．positions
11．（2024·江苏连云港·二模）The number of the people using Huawei ________ is getting larger and larger.
A．customers B．cultures C．products D．inventions
12．（2024·江苏常州·三模）—There are more and more advertisements in the media now.
—Because many companies have realized that the live stream (网络直播) is a great way to attract ________.
A．customers B．explorers C．managers D．witnesses
13．（2024·江苏扬州·二模）A confident person usually has more ________ to succeed.
A．pride B．education C．chances D．excuses
14．（2024·江苏泰州·三模）—Tom has been through a lot recently and he needs a perfect place to let his ______ out.
—That’s true. And as friends, we should also give him a helping hand.
A．secret B．stress
C．spirit D．sense
15．（2024·江苏泰州·三模）—Li Guangsu is an astronaut carrying out China’s Shenzhou XVIII spaceship mission.
—How excellent! He must have some ______ over others in body and mind.
A．advantages B．instructions C．thoughts D．situations
16．（2024·江苏泰州·三模）The students are encouraged to create paintings based on ________ such as love, respect and kindness.
A．awards B．rewards C．values D．victory
17．（2024·江苏镇江·二模）This year marks the 75th anniversary (纪念日) of Zhenjiang Liberation (解放). We are very thankful for those who made great ______ to our hometown.
A．celebrations B．conclusions C．conversations D．contributions
18．（2024·江苏扬州·二模）Uncle Henry and Aunt Ann never smile or laugh. There isn’t much ________ in their life.
A．happiness B．darkness C．information D．competition
19．（2024·江苏镇江·二模）There are many ________ about the TV show To the Wonder. You can search for them online.
A．changes B．projects C．reviews D．standards
20．（2024·江苏泰州·三模）The idiom (成语) “Mengzi’s mother makes three moves” tells of a mother who did all she could to provide the best ________ for her child.
A．experience B．environment C．information D．instruction
21．（2024·江苏镇江·二模）________ with emojis (颜文字) have become very common in online communication nowadays. For example, means “laugh out”.
A．Menus B．Messages C．Marks D．Methods
22．（2024·江苏宿迁·三模）Learning English in a classroom is important, while using English in real ________ will improve your English skills more greatly.
A．experiences B．events C．situations D．projects
23．（2024·江苏镇江·二模）—To tell you the truth, I want to give up joining in the swimming competition.
—Come on, you just need to practice more to build up your ________.
A．challenge B．confidence C．development D．energy
24．（2024·江苏连云港·二模）Papermaking is one of the four great ________ of ancient China.
A．directions B．inventions C．conversations D．situations
25．（2024·江苏南京·二模）—What an awful rain! We can’t go for a picnic, mum.
—In this _______, we have no choice but to stay at home.
A．situation B．position C．direction D．location
26．（2024·江苏宿迁·三模）—Ye Guangfu is an astronaut carrying out China’s Shenzhou-18 spaceship mission.
—How excellent! He must have some ________ over others.
A．advertisements B．advantages C．addresses D．attention
27．（2024·江苏南京·二模）—What’s wrong You look blue.
—The news that our team lost the match puts me in a difficult ________.
A．conclusion B．tradition C．attraction D．situation
28．（2024·江苏南通·二模）—How was the volleyball match yesterday, Peter
—Much _________. Neither of the teams was willing to say “Giving up” to the other.
A．experience B．competition C．knowledge D．development
29．（2024·江苏连云港·二模）With more and more railways, the traffic ________ in China have improved a lot.
A．directions B．instructions C．conditions D．operations
30．（2024·江苏南京·二模）Some schools usually hold ________ such as camping trips or free movies on Children’s Day to bring fun and joy to students.
A．activities B．shows C．meetings D．competitions
1．（2024·江苏宿迁·中考真题）I want to be _______ scientist like Qian Xuesen when I grow up.
A．a B．an C．the D．/
2．（2023·江苏淮安·中考真题）I usually have ________ lunch with my classmates at school.
A．/ B．a C．an D．the
3．（2023·江苏南通·中考真题）As a student in modern China, everybody should work hard to live ________ meaningful life.
A．a B．an C．the D．不填
4．（2023·江苏镇江·中考真题）It is said that Panda Ya Ya will live ________ rest of her life in her hometown, China.
A．a B．an C．the D．不填
5．（2023·江苏宿迁·中考真题）—Betty began to play ________ violin at the age of four.
—No wonder she plays so well.
A．a B．an C．the D．/
6．（2023·江苏扬州·中考真题）Yangzhou is ________ city full of ________ history, culture and mouthwatering food.
A．the; a B．a; a C．the; the D．a; /
7．（2023·江苏连云港·中考真题）China is ________ country with a history of more than 5,000 years.
A．the B．a C．an D．/
8．（2024·江苏宿迁·中考真题）Fan Jinshi, born _______ 1938, has devoted all her time to protecting Dunhuang cultural heritage.
A．at B．on C．in D．by
9．（2024·江苏扬州·中考真题）The Marco Polo Memorial Hall stands at the east end of Dongguan Street ________ Yangzhou.
A．to B．on C．at D．in
10．（2023·江苏淮安·中考真题）________ spring, our city is full of green trees and beautiful flowers.
A．At B．In C．On D．Of
11．（2023·江苏南通·中考真题）Shenzhou 16 was sent up into space ________ the morning of May 30, 2023.
A．in B．on C．at D．from
12．（2023·江苏宿迁·中考真题）About 12,000 people took part in the 2023 Suqian Marathon ________ April 2.
A．at B．on C．in D．to
13．（2024·江苏淮安·中考真题）—Oh! I forgot to bring ________ ruler.
—Don’t worry. I can share mine with you.
A．I B．me C．my D．mine
14．（2024·江苏徐州·中考真题）—Who was calling you on the phone just now
—________ was my cousin.
A．He B．She C．It D．This
15．（2024·江苏镇江·中考真题）Chemistry is as interesting as Physics. ________ of them help students explore the science world.
A．Neither B．Both C．All D．None
16．（2024·江苏常州·中考真题）Little Mary was proud of ______ because she taught Uncle Li how to borrow books online.
A．herself B．hers C．she D．her
17．（2024·江苏无锡·中考真题）We’re looking for ________ who can deal with the new computer virus.
A．someone B．everyone C．something D．everything
18．（2024·江苏扬州·中考真题）“What’s that ” is ________ of the first things that children say.
A．some B．each C．one D．that
19．（2024·江苏南通·中考真题）—I don’t know what to write about the four great classical Chinese novels.
—You’d better read ________ first and then organize your own ideas.
A．reviews B．reasons C．results D．rewards
20．（2024·江苏南通·中考真题）We call the Earth “Blue ________” because the ocean covers about 71 percent of it.
A．Sky B．Water C．Planet D．Mountain
21．（2024·江苏南通·中考真题）The body language on the right means “________” in China.
A．advice B．attention C．praise D．practice
22．（2024·江苏淮安·中考真题）Stay away from the river. Look at the sign! It says, “________.”
A．No shouting B．No parking C．No swimming D．No littering
23．（2024·江苏徐州·中考真题）Look at the black clouds. They are a sure ________ of rain.
A．chance B．view C．sign D．idea
24．（2024·江苏镇江·中考真题）Helen keeps English diaries every day as a ________ to develop her writing skills.
A．habit B．present C．victory D．dream
25．（2024·江苏宿迁·中考真题）After a month’s efforts, the girl made much _______ in Maths.
A．problem B．project C．pollution D．progress
26．（2024·江苏扬州·中考真题）—Do you know why zebrafish are taken to Shenzhou-18
—They have ________ like small size and short development cycle.
A．stages B．advantages C．messages D．passages
27．（2024·江苏无锡·中考真题）Oh, come on! Stop telling me what to do. Mind ________ own business.
A．you B．your C．us D．our
28．（2024·江苏淮安·中考真题）—Excuse me, which is the way to Chuxiu Park
—Walk ________ this road, and you will find it.
A．along B．under C．for D．about
29．（2023·江苏常州·中考真题）I’ve visited New York and Los Angeles, but I don’t like ________ of them very much.
A．either B．any C．neither D．none
30．（2023·江苏镇江·中考真题）The twin brothers are good at football and ________ of them have a talent for sports.
A．neither B．either C．both D．all
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)专题01 词法之冠词、介词、代词、名词
目录
题型综述 1
解题攻略 2
冠词 2
介词 7
代词 13
名词 20
中考练场 30
【题型解读】
中考语法单项选择题型包含了词法、句法及词汇、固定搭配等多方面语法词汇知识。单选题的考点主要分布在：名词、动词、形容词、副词、代词、冠词、连词、介词、情态动词；时态、语态；词义辨析、及各种不同的从句及交际用语上。
冠词聚焦定冠词 the、不定冠词 a/an 基础用法及零冠词情形，依语境判断冠词使用。代词考查人称、物主、反身、指示、不定代词等用法，区分 it 与 one 指代差异。介词主要考查基本用法、固定搭配及易混介词辨析，如 in、on、at 表时间或地点区别。名词考察考名词单复数、可数与不可数判断、所有格用法，重点考查词义辨析。
【命题规律】
1.考查语法在具体语境中的运用，主要要求对词法，句法的灵活运用。对句子意思的依赖程度不高。
2.冠词注意区分不定冠词a,an以及定冠词the的运用；介词常考的是by，with，without，in，for，near，on，outside等的用法以及介词短语。代词常考反身代词和名词性物主代词；名词重点考查词义比较辨析；名词的单复数以及名词所有格。
【解题技巧】
冠词：判断是泛指还是特指，注意固定搭配和特殊用法，如have a cold、in a hurry等。
介词：根据句子的语义和固定搭配选择合适的介词，注意动词、形容词与介词的搭配，如listen to、look at等。
代词：明确代词的指代对象，注意人称代词的主格、宾格、物主代词和反身代词的用法，结合上下文语境进行判断。
名词：根据句子的语义和语法确定名词的单复数形式，注意名词的词义辨析，结合生活经验和知识积累推测词义。
（一）冠词
【考点诠释】
冠词是基本考点，经常考查不定冠词a, an和定冠词the的基本用法和固定搭配。解题时，首先看空格后是否有名词，有单数可数名词，搭配后表示泛指时，应考虑不定冠词a/an，此时还应该注意其后的词的第一个音素，如果是元音填an，如果是辅音，则填a；有名词，搭配后表示特指时，应考虑定冠词the；还要看是否是固定搭配。
考点 种类 常见用法
冠词 不定冠词 (a / an) 1. 修饰可数名词单数，表示泛指。以元音音素开头的单词前需要用an，而以辅音音素开头的单词前用a。如：an apple, a banana, an umbrella。
2. 与序数词连用，表示再一，又一”。如：You can try it a second time if you fail.
3. 固定搭配。如：all of a sudden; as a matter of fact; as a result; as a rule; as a whole; at a distance; in a way。
定冠词 (the) 1. 表复指上文提到过的人或物。如：We have a cat and two dogs. The cat is black and the dogs are white.
2. 表特指说话双方都知道的人或物。如： Pass me the dictionary, please.
3. 用于比较级前，特指两个被比较的对象的一个。如：Of the two brothers, the younger is more interesting.
零冠词 1. 记忆口诀：下列情况应免冠，代词限定名词前，专有名词不可数，学科球类三餐饭，复数名词表泛指，两节星期月份前，颜色语种和国名，称呼习语及头衔。
2. 固定搭配。如：lose heart, by chance, in time, catch sight of, in place of。
冠词的活用 1.抽象名词或物质名词具体化。如：a surprise 一件意外的事情；a pleasure一个令人快乐的事情。
2. 序数词前的冠词活用。如：Can you give me a second chance, please
3.表示乐器的名词前的冠词活用。如：play the piano；play erhu。
【典题举隅】
1．（2024·江苏宿迁·一模）Nancy’s grandfather is ______ 85-year-old man, but he can still play ______ table tennis now.
A．a, a B．a, the C．an, / D．an, the
【答案】C
【详解】句意：南希的爷爷已经85岁了，但他现在还会打乒乓球。
考查冠词辨析。a一，后接以辅音音素开头的单词；an一，后接以元音音素开头的单词；the这，定冠词；/零冠词。根据“Nancy’s grandfather is...85-year-old man”可知，南希的爷爷是一名85岁的男性，第一空表泛指，且85的英语表达以元音音素开头，故第一空应用an。根据“play...table tennis”可知，球类前不加冠词，即应用零冠词。故选C。
2．（2024·江苏连云港·三模）—Could you tell me something about Switzerland
—Oh, it is ________ European country with a beautiful environment.
A．an B．a C．the D．/
【答案】B
【详解】句意：——你能告诉我一些关于瑞士的事吗？——哦，这是一个环境优美的欧洲国家。
考查冠词辨析。an一个，不定冠词，表泛指，用于以元音音素开头的单词前；a一个，不定冠词，表泛指，用于以辅音音素开头的单词前；the这个，定冠词，表特指；/零冠词，用于固定用法中。根据“ it is…European country with a beautiful environment.”可知，空处指的是泛指一个欧洲国家，应用不定冠词，又因为European是以辅音音素开头的单词，应用a。故选B。
3．（2024·江苏连云港·二模）— Have you heard of ________ film Yolo《热辣滚烫》
— Of course, it has been a hot topic since it was first shown on 10th February, 2024.
A．the B．a C．an D．/
【答案】A
【详解】句意：——听说过电影《热辣滚烫》吗？——当然，自2024年2月10日首次亮相以来，它一直是一个热门话题。
考查冠词辨析。根据“film Yolo”可知，此处特指《热辣滚烫》这部电影，需要定冠词，故选A。
4．（2024·江苏扬州·二模）Gaoyou is ________ small city with ________ history of over 2,000 years.
A．a; a B．a; the C．the; a D．the; the
【答案】A
【详解】句意：高邮是一个有2000多年历史的小城市。
考查冠词。第一个空泛指“一个小城市”，small以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a；with a history of“有……的历史”。故选A。
5．（2024·江苏扬州·三模）ChatGPT, an AI chatbot tool, has great influence on our dally lives.
A．a B．/ C．the D．an
【答案】A
【详解】句意：ChatGPT，一个AI聊天机器人工具，对我们的日常生活产生了很大的影响。
考查冠词。a一个，用以辅音音素开头的单词；the表特指；an一个，用以元音音素开头的单词。have a great influence on“对……有巨大影响”，故选A。
6．（2024·江苏扬州·二模）On ________ Children’s Day, Jack received a prize for being ________ honest boy.
A．a; the B．/; the C．/; an D．the; a
【答案】C
【详解】句意：儿童节那天，杰克因为做一个诚实的男孩而得到了奖品。
考查冠词的用法。以“Day”结尾的节日前不加冠词，故排除AD；后半句泛指一个男孩，honest以元音音素开头，所以不定冠词用an。故选C。
7．（2024·江苏宿迁·三模）—Do you know 2024 is the year of Dragon
—Sure. ________ dragon is the fifth sign in the Chinese zodiac cycle (生肖).
A．A B．The C．An D．/
【答案】B
【详解】句意：——你知道2024年是龙年吗？——当然。龙是中国十二生肖中的第五个生肖。
考查冠词。根据“...dragon is the fifth sign in the Chinese zodiac cycle (生肖).”可知，此处特指“龙”这个生肖，应用定冠词the。故选B。
8．（2024·江苏连云港·二模）Treasure Island is ________ useful novel. It teaches me to be brave.
A．a B．an C．/ D．the
【答案】A
【详解】句意：《金银岛》是一本有用的小说。它教会我要勇敢。
考查冠词用法。a表泛指，不定冠词，用于以辅音音素开头的单词前；an表泛指，不定冠词，用于以元音音素开头的单词前；/表示不填，零冠词；the表特指，定冠词。根据“Treasure Island is … useful novel.”可知，此处是指《金银岛》是一本有用的小说，应用不定冠词表泛指，且useful是以辅音音素开头的单词，应有a修饰。故选A。
9．（2024·江苏镇江·二模）BYD, ________ electric vehicle(车辆) maker in China, has sold its products to over 70 countries.
A．a B．an C．the D．/
【答案】B
【详解】句意：比亚迪，中国一个汽车制造商，已经把它的产品卖向超过70个国家。
考查冠词的用法。a/an是不定冠词，表示泛指。a用在辅音音素前；an用在元音音素前；the是定冠词，表示特指；/不填。此处泛指一个汽车制造商，用不定冠词，electric是元音音素开头，用an。故选B。
10．（2024·江苏淮安·二模）—What do you usually do on weekends
—I play ________ basketball.
A．the B．a C．/ D．an
【答案】C
【详解】句意：——你周末通常做什么？——我打篮球。
考查冠词。根据“play ... basketball.”可知，动词play后跟球类名词，名词前不用冠词，即play basketball“打篮球”。故选C。
11．（2024·江苏宿迁·三模）—It’s said that subject three (科目三) has become ________ top dance in 2024.
—Yes, look, Tom is dancing subject three.
A．a B．an C．the D．/
【答案】A
【详解】句意：——据说科目三在2024年已经成为了一首热门的舞蹈。——是的，看，汤姆正在跳科目三！
考查冠词的用法。不定冠词a，an用来表示不特定的人或事物。a用于辅音音素开头的词前；an用于元音音素开头的词前；the定冠词。dance“舞蹈”，此处是泛指“一首热门舞蹈”，且top首字母发辅音音素，所以不定冠词用a。故选A。
12．（2024·江苏宿迁·三模）—________ movie Article 20 directed by Zhang Yimou was one of the blockbusting movies this Chinese New Year.
—Yes. I would like to see it ________ second time.
A．The; the B．The; a C．A; a D．A; the
【答案】B
【详解】句意：——张艺谋导演的电影《第二十条》是今年春节最卖座的电影之一。——对。我想再看一遍。
考查冠词。the定冠词，表特指；a不定冠词，表泛指。根据第一个空空后的“movie Article 20 directed by Zhang Yimou”可知，此处表示特指，应用定冠词；a second time“再一次”，固定词组。故选B。
13．（2024·江苏宿迁·三模）—Did you have ________ good time in Siyang
—Yes. It was ________ enjoyable trip. It is very lucky for people to live here.
A．a, an B．an, a C．the, an D．/, an
【答案】A
【详解】句意：——你在泗阳玩得开心吗？——是的。这是一次愉快的旅行。人们住在这里是非常幸运的。
考查冠词。第一空是固定短语have a good time，表示“玩得愉快”，第二空需填不定冠词表示泛指，且enjoyable首字母发音为元音音素，其前需用不定冠词an修饰。故选A。
14．（2024·江苏连云港·二模）Formed Police Unit is such ________ meaningful film that I want to see it again.
A．a B．an C．the D．/
【答案】A
【详解】句意：《维和防暴队》是一部如此有意义的电影，以至于我想再看一遍。
考查冠词的用法。不定冠词a/an，意为“一”，表示泛指，a用于辅音音素前，an用于元音音素前；定冠词the，意为“这个，那个”，表示特指；/表示不填，零冠词。此处泛指一部有意义的电影，应用不定冠词a或an，meaningful以辅音音素开头，所以空格处应填a。故选A。
15．（2024·江苏连云港·二模）Shakespeare, ________ European writer, left many excellent works to readers all over the world.
A．an B．a C．the D．/
【答案】B
【详解】句意：莎士比亚，一位欧洲作家，留给全世界读者许多优秀的作品。
考查冠词辨析。“a”用于辅音音素开头的单词前，而“an”用于元音音素开头的单词前。the表示特指。“European”这个词的发音以辅音音素 [j] 开头，因此应该使用 “a”来修饰 “European writer”。故选B。
（二）介词
【考点诠释】
介词是常见语法考点。学生应该熟练掌握常见介词的基本用法；介词与动词、名词、形容词等的固定搭配。如果名词或者代词在句子中不作主语、表语或者动词的宾语时,其前面一般是填介词。高考通常考查介词与动词、形容词或者名词的搭配。做题时应该先根据上下文和句意推断出设空处的具体意思，然后根据熟记的短语来确定要填的词。在学习的过程中应注意对短语的归纳、积累、比较和记忆。
考点 种类 常见用法
介词 时间介词 基本介词 in (表示一天中某段时间,指天、年、月、季节、周次等), on (表示某一天或星期几,指明具体的时间), at (表示特定的时间、节日、年龄), by (…的时候、到、等到…已经等,用在天、时间的前面)
难点 1. in 与after的用法区别：A.介词in+一段时间用于一般将来时。B.介词after+一段时间用于一般过去时。C.介词after +时间点常用于一般将来时。
for 与since的用法区别：A.介词for表示一段时间。B.介词since表示从过去某一时间以来。
during与for的用法区别：A.当所指的时间起止分明时用介词during。B.如果一段时间不明确则用介词for。
before与by的用法区别：A.介词before表示“在…之前”。B.介词by表示“到…时为止,不迟于…”。
地点介词 基本介词 in, at, on, to
难点 1.at 与in 的用法区别：at表示较小的地方，如家、村、乡村等。in表示较大的地方，如大城市、国家、洲等。
2. at与on的用法区别：at用于门牌号。on用于路名。
3.in, on, to的用法区别：in表示“包含”，如：Beijing is in the north of China. on表示“紧邻”，如:Canada lies on the north of the U.S. to表示“没接触”，如：France lies to the south of England.
方式介词 基本介词 with, in, by
难点 in, with, by的用法区别：in表示“用材料、语言”。如： Can you say it in English with表示“用工具、某物”如: with a pen。 by表示“用、以、靠、通过…方法”。如：He prefers traveling by car.
方位介词 基本介词 at, in, on, to, beneath, over, under, above, below, in front of / in the front of / behind, between / among, over/across/through
难点 1.in, on, at 的用法区别：in表示“排、行、组”。on表示“左、右”。at表示“前、后”。
2. on, over, above的用法区别：on表示一物放在另一物上面两者紧贴在一起。over表示一种垂直悬空的上下关系，即“在…上方”。介词above表示一般的“高于….”，“在…之上”。
3. under与below的用法区别：under是over的反义词即“在…下方”。below是above的反义词即“低于…” , “在…之下”。
4. across, through, over, past的用法区别：across着重于“从—头或—边到另—头或另—边”，强调从表面穿过。through着重于“穿越” ，强调从一定的空间内穿过。over多表示从“上方越过”。past表示从“面前经过” 。
不用介词的情况 1.当表示时间的词前有this, that时，其前面不用介词，如：this morning 2.当表示时间的词前有next时，其前面不用介词，如: next Sunday 3.当表示时间的词前有last时，其前面不用介词，如：last Sunday 4.当表示时间的词前有one, any, each, every, some或all时，其前面不用介词，如：You can come any day.
【典题举隅】
1．（2024·江苏镇江·二模）There is a piano ________ the wall in my study. I usually practise playing it in my free time.
A．above B．against C．around D．among
【答案】B
【详解】句意：我书房的墙边有一架钢琴。我经常在空闲时间练习弹奏它。
考查介词辨析。above在……上；against靠着；around在……周围；among在……当中。根据“the wall in my study”可知，钢琴靠着墙。故选B。
2．（2024·江苏宿迁·一模）The opening ceremony of the 19th Asian Games was held ______ September 23rd 2023.
A．in B．on C．to D．at
【答案】B
【详解】句意：第19届亚运会开幕式于2023年9月23日举行。
考查介词辨析。in后常接时间段，如年份、月份、四季等；on后接具体某天；to朝着；at后常接时间点。根据“September 23rd 2023”可知，此处表示具体某天，故应用on。故选B。
3．（2024·江苏南京·三模）My father goes back to Nanjing for the Spring Festival every year ______ last year because he was busy with his work in Changzhou.
A．including B．since C．before D．except
【答案】D
【详解】句意：我父亲每年春节都回南京过年，除了去年，因为他在常州工作很忙。
考查介词辨析。including包括；since自……以后；before在……之前；except除……外。根据“My father goes back to Nanjing for the Spring Festival every year … last year because he was busy with his work in Changzhou”可知，每年春节都回南京过年，除了去年，不包含去年。故选D。
4．（2024·江苏泰州·三模）The 2024 Dragon Boat Festival (Duan Wu Jie) falls ______ June 10. Chinese people can enjoy three days _______ work from June 8 to 10.
A．on, off B．in, away C．on, away D．in, off
【答案】A
【详解】句意：2024年端午节在6月10日。中国人可以享受从6月8日到6月10日三天的假期。
考查时间介词及介词短语。on在具体某一天；off离开（某处）；in在……里面；away不在。“June 10”是具体的日期，因此前面需用介词on，three days off work表示 “休三天假”。故选A。
5．（2024·江苏淮安·二模）My sister goes back to Huai’an for the Middle Autumn Festival every year ________ last year because she was busy with her work in Nanjing.
A．including B．since C．except D．till
【答案】C
【详解】句意：我姐姐每年中秋节都会回淮安，除了去年，因为她在南京工作很忙。
考查介词辨析。including包括；since自从；except除了；till直到。根据“My sister goes back to Huai’an for the Middle Autumn Festival every year...last year because she was busy with her work in Nanjing.”可知，姐姐去年工作很忙，所以去年没有回淮安，由此可知她每年都回淮安，除了去年。故选C。
6．（2024·江苏宿迁·三模）The Dragon Boat Festival usually falls ________ June, and it is on June 10 this year.
A．at B．on C．in D．from
【答案】C
【详解】句意：端午节通常在六月，今年是六月十日。
考查介词词义辨析。at在(某时间或时刻)；on在，常用于具体某一天或某一天的上午、下午或晚上；in在，常跟表示世纪、季节、年、月份的名词或表示泛指的上午、下午、晚上；from来自。根据空后的“June”可知，此处表示在六月，应用in。故选C。
7．（2024·江苏南京·三模）Putin visited China ________ the 16th. of May.
A．in B．on C．at D．of
【答案】B
【详解】句意：普京于5月16日访华。
考查介词辨析。in在……里面，后接年/月/季节；on在……之时，接具体某一天；at在，后接时间点；of……的。根据“…the 16th. of May.”可知，表示具体某一天应用介词on搭配。故选B。
8．（2024·江苏南京·二模）The Shenzhou 18 spaceship was sent into space successfully _______ the evening of 25 April, 2024.
A．in B．on C．at D．by
【答案】B
【详解】句意：神舟十八号飞船于2024年4月25日晚成功发射升空。
考查介词辨析。in在某年某月某季节；on在某一天或者某一天的早中晚；at在某时刻；by通过。空后是具体某一天的晚上，用介词on。故选B。
9．（2024·江苏南京·一模）The Dragon Boat Festival of this year falls ________ June 10th.
A．at B．in C．on D．to
【答案】C
【详解】句意：这一年的端午节是在6月10日。
考查介词辨析。at用在“在(几点几分)”之前；in用在“在(早上，上午，下午或晚上)”之前，还可以用来跟年份，月份或季节；on用在“在(某一天)”或“在(星期几)”之前；to用在“到(几点)”之前。“June 10th”的意思是6月10日，是具体的某一天，需要用介词on。故选C。
10．（2024·江苏连云港·二模）The 33rd Olympic Games will take place ________ Paris, the capital of France.
A．in B．at C．on D．from
【答案】A
【详解】句意：第33届奥运会将在法国首都巴黎举行。
考查介词辨析。in在……里面；at在；on在……上面；from从。Paris是大地点，用take place in表示“发生在……”，故选A。
11．（2024·江苏宿迁·一模）China successfully launched the Chang’e-6 spacecraft ________ the evening _________ May 3, 2024 at the Wenchang Space Launch Site to retrieve samples from moon’s far side.
A．at; on B．on; on C．on; of D．at; of
【答案】C
【详解】句意：2024年5月3日晚上，中国在文昌航天发射场成功发射了嫦娥六号宇宙飞船，从月球背面采集样本。
考查介词辨析。at在；on在……上；of……的。结合“…the evening…”可知，第一空应用介词on，表示具体某一天的晚上；再结合“the evening… May 3, 2024”可知，第二空应用介词of，表示所属，意为“5月3日的晚上”。故选C。
12．（2024·江苏宿迁·二模）—The Two Sessions was held in Beijing ________ the afternoon of March 4, 2024.
—Yes. And the global community has once again turned its attention to the event.
A．in B．at C．on D．by
【答案】C
【详解】句意：——两会于2024年3月4日下午在北京召开。——是的。国际社会再次将注意力转向这一事件。
考查介词辨析。in在某年某月某季节；at在某时刻；on在某一天或某一天的早中晚；by通过。空后“the afternoon of March 4, 2024”是具体某一天的下午，用介词on。故选C。
13．（2024·江苏镇江·一模）The bridge ________ the river, not far away from here, is called Zhongshan Bridge.
A．across B．around C．along D．against
【答案】A
【详解】句意：离这里不远的那座跨河大桥叫中山桥。
考查介词辨析。across横穿；around围绕；along沿着；against反对。根据常识可知，桥应该是横跨河流，用across，故选A。
14．（2024·江苏宿迁·二模）The Entrance Examination to Senior School will come ________ the morning ________ June 15th, e on, boys and girls.
A．on; of B．in; at C．at; in D．in; of
【答案】A
【详解】句意：高中入学考试将于2024年6月15日上午举行。加油，孩子们。
考查时间介词。on用于某一天，或某一天的上午、下午、晚上；in用于年份、月份；at用于时刻；of表示所属。此处表示2024年6月15日上午，故第二空用of表示所属；在某一天的上午，介词用on。故选A。
15．（2024·江苏连云港·一模）People and birds share their homes _________ the blue sky.
A．under B．from C．beside D．without
【答案】A
【详解】句意：人们和鸟儿在蓝天下共享他们家园。
考查介词辨析。under在……下面；from来自；beside在……旁边；without没有。根据“the blue sky”可知是在蓝天下，故选A。
16．（2024·江苏淮安·一模）Lucy, you’d better do some exercise ________ the morning to keep fit.
A．at B．on C．in D．of
【答案】C
【详解】句意：露西，你最好在早上做一些锻炼来保持健康。
考查介词辨析。at在；on在……上面；in在……里面；of属于……的。根据“Lucy, you’d better do some exercise...the morning to keep fit.”可知，此处泛指在早上，应该用in the morning。故选C。
17．（2024·江苏南通·一模）The traditional Chinese lunar calendar divides a year into 24 solar terms. Guyu, the last solar terms of spring, usually falls ________ April.
A．to B．at C．on D．in
【答案】D
【详解】句意：传统的中国阴历把一年分成了24个节气。谷雨，春天的最后一个节气，通常在四月到来。
考查时间介词。to到，朝；at后接具体时刻；on后接具体某一天或者具体某一天的早晨、下午、晚上；in后接年份、月份、季节等。根据April可知，此处为在四月，需用in，故选D。
18．（2024·江苏连云港·一模）—I hear that the two sessions is held ________ March every year.
—Yes, many topics are talked about.
A．on B．in C．at D．with
【答案】B
【详解】句意：——我听说两会每年三月份召开。——是的，很多话题都谈到了。
考查介词辨析。on表示星期几或某一特定的日期；in表示上下午或者在几月份；at表示时间点；with表伴随。根据“March”可知，此处指的是“三月份”，因此应该用介词in。故选B。
19．（2024·江苏无锡·一模）We are going to celebrate the 75th anniversary of the founding of the People’s Republic of China ________ October 1st, 2024.
A．in B．on C．at D．of
【答案】B
【详解】句意：我们将于2024年10月1日庆祝中华人民共和国成立75周年。
考查时间介词。in后接年月等；on后接具体日期等；at后接具体时刻等；of……的。根据“October 1st, 2024”可知在具体的2024年10月1日这一天，用介词on。故选B。
20．（2024·江苏南京·一模）A special event showing the products from Jiangsu Province was held in Beijing ________ Tuesday.
A．on B．in C．of D．at
【答案】A
【详解】句意：周二，一场展示江苏省产品的特别活动在北京举行。
考查介词辨析。on在具体某一天；in在某段时间内；of……的；at在某个时间点。空后为“Tuesday”，具体的某一天前用介词on，选A。
代词
【考点诠释】
代词也是常见语法考点。可能考查①宾格形式：在句中作宾语或表语。②形容词性物主代词：在名词前作定语。③名词性物主代词：作主语、宾语或表语。④反身代词、不定代词、指示代词、疑问代词等。
考点 种类 常见用法
代词 人称代词 主格：I, we, you, he, she, they, it
宾格：me, us, you, him, her, them, it
物主代词 形容性物主代词：my, our, your, his, her, their, its，近年对its考查较多，值得重点关注。
名词性物主代词：mine, ours, yours, his, hers, theirs, its
反身代词 形式：myself, ourselves, yourself, yourselves, herself, himself, themselves, itself, oneself
用法：动词宾语、介词宾语、表语、同位语
动词短语：behave oneself, dress oneself, enjoy oneself, express oneself；介词短语：by oneself, for oneself, in oneself, to oneself，这些固定搭配应该重点记忆。
不定代词 all, both, either, none, neither, each, any，这里要注意并列连词的使用，它也是解题的关键。 some-, any-, no-等+thing, +body的合成代词 many, much, (a) few, (a) little，这里注意所修饰的名词的单复数。 the other, another, the others, others
it用法 1. 做形式主语：It is necessary to repeat the whole thing.
2. 做形式宾语：She made it clear (that) we were not welcome.
3. 做宾补：I have made it clear that everybody is not allowed to smoke here.
4. 用于强调句：It’s Spain that he went to, not Portugal. 强调句型中的it也是考查重点之一。
5. 模糊指代：表示一般情况。指代气候、天气、温度、时间、地点、距离等。
【典题举隅】
1．（2024·江苏镇江·二模）—I’ll have the Spoken English Final tonight. I’m a bit nervous.
—Believe in ________. You’re the best in our class.
A．herself B．myself C．yourself D．himself
【答案】C
【详解】句意：——我今晚要参加口语决赛。我有点紧张。——相信你自己。你是我们班最棒的。
考查反身代词。herself她自己；myself我自己；yourself你自己；himself他自己。根据“You’re the best in our class.”可知，因为你是最棒的，所以要相信“你自己”。空处反身代词应为第二人称。故选C。
2．（2024·江苏宿迁·一模）—Andy, is there ________ in today’s newspaper
—Yes, I can lend mine to you.
A．something interesting B．anything interesting
C．interesting something D．interesting anything
【答案】B
【详解】句意：——Andy，今天的报纸上有有趣的东西吗？——有，我可以把我的借给你。
考查不定代词和形容词。something某事，常用于肯定句；anything任何事，常用于否定句或疑问句；interesting有趣的。根据“is there…in today’s newspaper ”可知，这是一般疑问句，因此用anything，排除选项AC；形容词修饰不定代词应放在后面，故选B。
3．（2024·江苏南京·三模）—Is this your English book, Daniel
—No. You’d better ask Amy. She is looking for ________.
A．yours B．hers C．his D．mine
【答案】B
【详解】句意：—— 丹尼尔，这是你的英语书吗？—— 不是。你最好问问艾米。她正在找她的书。
考查名词性物主代词。yours你的；hers她的；his他的；mine我的。根据“She is looking for”可知艾米在找她的书，艾米是女孩子。故选B。
4．（2024·江苏南京·模拟预测）—Which do you prefer, the talk show or the music show
—________. I don’t like any show at all.
A．None B．Either C．Both D．Neither
【答案】D
【详解】句意：——你喜欢哪一个，访谈节目还是音乐节目？——两个都不喜欢。我一点儿也不喜欢任何节目。
考查代词辨析。None三者及以上都不；Either两者中的一个；Both两者都（是）；Neither两者都不。根据“the talk show or the music show”和“I don’t like any show at all.”可知，两种类型的节目都不喜欢，用Neither。故选D。
5．（2024·江苏南京·三模）—Whose passport is this
—Mary’s name is on it. It must be ______.
A．his B．hers C．him D．her
【答案】B
【详解】句意：——这是谁的护照？——上面写着玛丽的名字，一定是她的。
考查名词性物主代词。his他的；hers她的；him他；her她/她的。此处表示Mary，应是女孩，排除A/C；此空后没有名词，因此需用名词性物主代词hers表示“她的护照”，故选B。
6．（2024·江苏常州·三模）—What did Anna say in the text message Does ________ go well at the new school
—I have no idea. She didn’t ________ anything about her school life.
A．everything; mention B．anything; discover
C．something; connect D．something; confirm
【答案】A
【详解】句意：——安娜在短信里说了什么？新学校一切顺利吗？——我不知道。她对自己的学校生活只字未提。
考查词义辨析。everything一切；anything任何事情；something某事；mention提到；discover发现；connect连接；confirm证实。根据“What did Anna say in the text message Does…go well at the new school ”的句意并结合选项可知，此处询问安娜在新学校是否一切顺利，应用everything；根据“What did Anna say in the text message ”以及“I have no idea.”并结合选项可知，第二个空表示在短信没有提及。故选A。
7．（2024·江苏镇江·二模）We find ______ interesting to attend the courses on the integration (融合) of different subjects.
A．them B．it C．that D．this
【答案】B
【详解】句意：我们发现参加不同学科融合的课程很有趣。
考查it作形式宾语。them他们；it它；that那；this这。根据“We find…interesting”可知空格处缺少宾语，应用it作形式宾语，后面的不定式短语是真正的宾语。故选B。
8．（2024·江苏镇江·二模）I tried to calm down the couple without hurting the feeling of ________, but failed.
A．both B．neither C．either D．every
【答案】C
【详解】句意：我试图在不伤害任何一方感情的情况下让这对夫妇平静下来，但失败了。
考查代词辨析。both两者都；neither两者都不；either两者中任意一个；every每个。根据“I tried to calm down the couple without hurting the feeling of…, but failed.”可知，此处指的是“夫妇两者任意一方的感情”，应该用either。故选C。
9．（2024·江苏连云港·二模）My pen is missing. Can you lend ________ to me
A．you B．your C．yours D．yourself
【答案】C
【详解】句意：我的笔不见了。你能把你的笔借给我吗？
考查代词辨析。you你，你们，主格或宾格；your你的，你们的，形容词性物主代词；yours你的，你们的，名词性物主代词；yourself你自己，反身代词。根据“My pen is missing.”可知，要借对方的笔，应用名词性物主代词yours指代“your pen”。故选C。
10．（2024·江苏南京·二模）—Lucy, can you help me pass Level 9 in “Word Puzzle”
—Sure, I’ll do what I can, but there’s ________ I can promise since it’s really hard.
A．something B．anything C．everything D．nothing
【答案】D
【详解】句意：——露西，你能帮我通过“字谜游戏 ”的第9关吗？——当然，我会尽我所能，但我不能保证，因为这真的很难。
考查代词辨析。something某事；anything任何事；everything每件事；nothing没有什么。根据“but there’s…I can promise since it’s really hard”可知，这个字谜游戏很难，因此是没有什么可以保证的，nothing符合题意。故选D。
11．（2024·江苏宿迁·三模）—When shall we meet again, this Saturday or Sunday
— ________ day is OK. I will be in Nanjing this weekend.
A．Either B．Neither C．Each D．None
【答案】B
【详解】句意：——我们什么时候会再见面，这个星期六还是星期天？——这两天都不行。这个周末我将在南京。
考查代词辨析。Either两个中的一个；Neither两个都不；Each每个；None三个及以上都不。由“this Saturday or Sunday”及“I will be in Nanjing this weekend”可知，因为我要去南京，所以星期六和星期天这两天都不可以。故选B。
12．（2024·江苏南京·三模）Mark moved to China with ________ family five years ago.
A．he B．his C．him D．himself
【答案】B
【详解】句意：马克五年前和他的家人搬到了中国。
考查代词辨析。he他，人称代词主格；his他的，形容词性物主代词；him他，人称代词宾格；himself他自己，反身代词。根据“with ... family”可知，此处应用形容词性物主代词作定语。故选B。
13．（2024·江苏连云港·二模）________ is in the classroom. All the students are having a meeting in the hall.
A．Somebody B．Anybody C．Nobody D．Everybody
【答案】C
【详解】句意：没有人在教室里。所有的学生正在礼堂里开会。
考查代词辨析。somebody有人；anybody任何人；nobody没有人；everybody每个人。根据“All the students are having a meeting in the hall.”可知，所有的学生都在礼堂，说明教室里没有人。故选C。
14．（2024·江苏南京·二模）—If you remember anything, please contact ________. Thanks for your support.
—Of course I will.
A．we B．us C．our D．ours
【答案】B
【详解】句意：——如果你想起什么，请联系我们。谢谢你的支持。——当然我会的。
考查代词辨析。we我们，主格；us我们，宾格；our我们的，形容词性物主代词；ours我们的，名词性物主代词。空前的“contact”为动词，后接宾格代词us作宾语。故选B。
15．（2024·江苏连云港·二模）Nancy got a nice gift from her aunt. It makes ________ very excited.
A．she B．her C．hers D．herself
【答案】B
【详解】句意：南希从她阿姨那里得到了一件漂亮的礼物。这让她非常兴奋。
考查代词辨析。she她，人称代词主格；her她，人称代词宾格；hers她的，名词性物主代词；herself她自己。此处是说礼物让南希很兴奋，makes是动词，后面接人称代词宾格her作宾语。故选B。
16．（2024·江苏南通·模拟预测）—Mum, it’s my turn to make a speech soon. I’m afraid of being laughed at by others.
—Oh, my honey! Not ________ is a born speaker. Practice makes perfect.
A．everybody B．somebody C．anybody D．nobody
【答案】A
【详解】句意：——妈妈，很快就轮到我演讲了。我害怕被别人嘲笑。——哦，亲爱的！不是每个人都是天生的演说家。熟能生巧。
考查代词辨析。everybody每个人；somebody某人；anybody任何人；nobody没有人。根据“Practice makes perfect.”并结合选项可知，不是每个人都是天生的演说家，A项符合。故选A。
17．（2024·江苏扬州·三模）Jack made a number of kites, but ________ of them can fly in the sky.
A．neither B．none C．all D．either
【答案】B
【详解】句意：杰克做了很多风筝，但没有一只能飞到天上去。
考查不定代词。neither两者都不；none都不（三者及以上）；all所有的；either两者选一。根据“made a number of kites, but”可知是指做了很多风筝，没有一只能飞到天上去。故选B。
18．（2024·江苏南京·二模）It is our parents that give us life and bring us up with ________ hard work. So we should do what we can to show our love.
A．us B．your C．them D．their
【答案】D
【详解】句意：是我们的父母给了我们生命，用他们的辛勤劳动把我们带大，所以我们应该尽我们所能来表达我们的爱。
考查代词词义辨析。us我们，人称代词宾格；your你（们）的，形容词性物主代词；them他们，人称代词宾格；their他们的，形容词性物主代词。根据“our parents”可知，此句是说用他们的辛勤劳动把我们带大，故选D。
19．（2024·江苏无锡·三模）Tom recommended me several books, but ________ was to my taste.
A．no one B．nothing C．neither D．none
【答案】D
【详解】句意：汤姆给我推荐了几本书，但没有一本合我的口味。
考查代词辨析。no one没有人（只能指人）；nothing什么都没有；neither两者均不；none没有。根据“Tom recommended me several books”可知汤姆推荐的书不止两本，排除选项C；结合选项可知，此处指“没有一本”。故选D。
20．（2024·江苏常州·二模）Since Nantong Metro Line 2 came into operation, the time on the trip has been much less than ________ in the past.
A．that B．this C．one D．it
【答案】A
【详解】句意：自从南通地铁2号线投入运营以来，出行时间比过去少了很多。
考查代词辨析。that特指同名异物；this这个；one泛指同名异物；it特指同名同物。此处特指“the time”，对比过去的时间与现在的时间，属于同名异物，且为不可数名词，应用that，故选A。
（四）名词
【考点诠释】
中考名词的考查也是中考最大考向之一，名词的数、格考查较少，主要考查名词词义辨析，考查单词意义的辨识，用法上的辨异，语境应用。
名词的词义辨析及词性转化1、同类名词词义辨析A. doctor B.engineer C.writer D.scientist2、不同类名词词义辨析A. sign B. need C. reason D. change3、名词的词性转化safe-safety; long-length; honest-honesty prove-proof; complain-complaint
名词的数
1、规则的可数名词 1）一般加s 2）以 s，sh，ch，x结尾的加 –es 3）辅音字母 + y结尾的变 y为 ies 4）以 o 结尾的词 +es; 以 o 结尾 +s 5）以f，fe 结尾的多数为-ves; 以f，fe 结尾的少数直接 + s 1. teachers, books, 2. classes，dishes, matches, boxes 3. cities，countries，parties，factories 4. (1) heroes，Negroes，tomatoes，potatoes (2) radios，zoos，bamboos，pianos，kilos，photos 5. (1) leaves，lives，wives，knives，halves，wolves (2) roofs proofs, gulfs, beliefs
2、 不规则的可数名词 1）单复数词形相近 2）fish如表示不同种类的鱼时复数是fishes： 3）以man, woman 修饰名词构成合成词时 4）单复数相同 1.man—men, woman—women, tooth—teeth, foot—feet, child—children, mouse—mice 2. There are many kinds of fishes in that lake. 3.man servant—men servants； woman doctor—women doctors. (*boy/girl students) 4. sheep, fish, deer, means, Chinese, Japanese, works
3、复合名词 1. son-in-law---sons-in-law 2. looker-on—lookers-on
4、字母,阿拉伯数字 1. There are two l’s in the word “ all ”. 2. Your 7’s and 9’s look alike. 3. It happened in the 1960’s /1960s. 4. I will not accept your if’s and but’s.
5、定冠词加姓氏的复数 the Turners, the Smiths, the Wangs
6、集体名词 class, family, population, team, crew 1. The class is big.---The class are taking notes in English. 2. The population in China is large. ---- 80% of the population in China are peasants.
7、以s 结尾的学科名词 mathematics , physics, politics, news
8、glasses， trousers类 1. Where are my glasses ？ 2. My new pair of trousers is too long. 3. Here are some new pairs of shoes.
9、不可数名词表示“一个”时 1. a piece of news / information / advice / bread / cake / paper / meat / coal 2. a bottle of ink
10、常考不可数名词 information, weather, news, advice, fun，etc.
名词的所有格
1. 一般加’s (1)复合名词只在最后一个词的后面加 ’s (2)表示共同所有的几个名词，只在最后一个词的后面加’s (3)表示各个所有关系的几个名词，在每个名词后分别加’s (4)名词短语只在最后一个词后加 ’s 1.my sister-in-law’s brother. 2.This is Tom, James and Dick’s room. 3.Jenny’s, Jean’s and Mary’s rooms face （to the） south. 4.a quarter of an hour’s talk
2. 有时加of 1）凡不能用’s的情况可用 of表示所属关系 2)当名词有较长的定语时： 1. the City of New York. 2. a map of China. 3. the name of the girl standing at the gate. 4. Have you read the articles of the students who were with us yesterday？
3. 双重所有格 当of前面的名词有不定冠词、指示代词、疑问代词、不定代词或数词如 a, an, this, that, these, those, two, three, four, any, some, several, no, few ,another等修饰时 1. a poem of Lu Xun’s 2. a friend of his/hers 3. Which novel of Dicken’s are you reading 4. some friends of my brothers’
4．几种特殊情况 1. the key to the door 2. answers to the question 3. the entrance to the station / cinema 4. tickets for the film / movie
【典题举隅】
1．（2024·江苏宿迁·一模）—Mum, you look so tired. What’s wrong
—I did ________ housework this morning. Maybe I need a rest now.
A．three hour’s B．three hours of C．three-hour of D．three-hours’
【答案】B
【详解】句意：——妈妈，你看起来很累。怎么了 ——今天早上我做了三个小时的家务。也许我现在需要休息一下。
考查时间的特殊表达。这里是时间作定语，表示“三个小时的作业”，应使用three hours of或者three hours’。故选B。
2．（2024·江苏南通·模拟预测）—It’s said that the two ________doctors have just come back from Shanghai.
—Yeah. I know them. They are both already in their ________.
A．woman; forty B．women; fortieth C．women; forties D．woman; forties
【答案】C
【详解】句意：——据说这两位女医生刚从上海回来。——是啊。我认识她们。她们俩都已经四十多岁了。
考查名词复数和年龄段表达。以man、woman修饰的职业名称变复数时，man、woman也要变成复数，第一空后名词doctors为复数，所以此处应用women； in one’s +整十的复数，表示“在某人几十岁时”。故选C。
3．（2024·江苏常州·一模）In the past forty years, China has created some new wonders of the world and the The Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge is a good ________.
A．example B．challenge C．direction D．choice
【答案】A
【详解】句意：在过去的四十年里，中国创造了一些新的世界奇迹，港珠澳大桥就是一个很好的例子。
考查名词辨析。example例子；challenge挑战；direction方向；choice选择。根据“China has created some new wonders of the world and the The Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge is a good...”可知，此处说的是港珠澳大桥就是一个很好的例子。故选A。
4．（2024·江苏镇江·二模）—Dong Yuhui’s live room has got tons of ________ .
—Yeah! The fans are often surprised at his rich knowledge.
A．operation B．attention C．conversation D．introduction
【答案】B
【详解】句意：——董宇辉的直播间获得了大量关注。——是的！他的知识渊博常常令粉丝们感到惊讶。
考查名词辨析。operation操作；attention注意；conversation谈话；introduction介绍。根据“Dong Yuhui’s live room has got tons of...”可知，董宇辉的直播间获得了大量的关注。attention符合语境，故选B。
5．（2024·江苏徐州·三模）You should find the ________ of life first, or you will get lost easily.
A．position B．direction C．condition D．situation
【答案】B
【详解】句意：你应该先找到生活的方向，否则你很容易就会迷失。
考查名词辨析。position位置；direction方向；condition条件；situation情况。根据“you will get lost easily”可知，本句描述的是在生活中需要有一个明确的方向来避免迷失。故选B。
6．（2024·江苏常州·三模）Her smile always makes me feel warm and lively. It seems to have ______
A．answer B．magic C．secret D．agreement
【答案】B
【详解】句意：她的微笑总是让我感到温暖和活泼。似乎有魔法。
考查名词辨析。answer答案；magic魔法；secret秘密；agreement同意。根据“Her smile always makes me feel warm and lively.”可知，她的微笑似乎有魔法，总是让我感到温暖和活泼。故选B。
7．（2024·江苏宿迁·一模）The beauty of the wetlands caught the ______ of the foreign tourists.
A．condition B．attention C．invention D．position
【答案】B
【详解】句意：湿地的美丽吸引了外国游客的注意。
考查名词辨析。condition条件；attention注意；invention发明；position位置。根据“The beauty of the wetlands caught the … of the foreign tourists”可知，应该是湿地的美丽吸引了游客的注意，catch one’s attention“引起某人的注意”。故选B。
8．（2024·江苏南京·二模）—Sam was picked out to be in the school basketball team.
—His height gives him a big ________.
A．talent B．sense C．situation D．advantage
【答案】D
【详解】句意：——山姆被选中加入学校的篮球队。——他的身高给了他很大的优势。
考查名词辨析。talent才能；sense感觉；situation处境，情形；advantage优势。根据“Sam was picked out to be in the school basketball team.”可知加入篮球队身高有优势。故选D。
9．（2024·江苏连云港·三模）—Many young people can’t ________ to buy houses in big cities in China.
—Exactly.
A．offer B．effort C．affect D．afford
【答案】D
【详解】句意：——许多年轻人买不起中国大城市的房子。——确实是。
考查动词和名词辨析。offer提供，动词；effort努力；名词；affect影响，动词；afford负担得起，动词。根据“Many young people can’t…to buy houses in big cities in China.”可知，空处指的是不能负担，can’t afford“负担不起”符合语境。故选D。
10．（2024·江苏南京·三模）Learning English in a classroom is important, but using English in real ________ will improve skills greatly.
A．standards B．instructions C．situations D．positions
【答案】C
【详解】句意：在教室里学习英语很重要，但在真实的情景中使用英语将大大提高技能。
考查名词辨析。standards标准；instructions指示；situations情景；positions位置。根据“using English in real...will improve skills greatly”及常识可知，在真实的情景中练习英语会更快提高技能，故选C。
11．（2024·江苏连云港·二模）The number of the people using Huawei ________ is getting larger and larger.
A．customers B．cultures C．products D．inventions
【答案】C
【详解】句意：使用华为产品的人越来越多。
考查名词辨析。customers顾客；cultures文化；products产品。inventions发明。根据“using Huawei…”可知，使用华为产品。故选C。
12．（2024·江苏常州·三模）—There are more and more advertisements in the media now.
—Because many companies have realized that the live stream (网络直播) is a great way to attract ________.
A．customers B．explorers C．managers D．witnesses
【答案】A
【详解】句意：——现在媒体上有越来越多的广告。——因为许多公司已经意识到网络直播是吸引客户的一种好方法。
考查名词词义辨析。customers顾客；explorers探险者；managers经理；witnesses目击者。根据“Because many companies have realized that the live stream (网络直播) is a great way to attract…”并结合选项可知，此处指网络直播是吸引客户的一种好方法。故选A。
13．（2024·江苏扬州·二模）A confident person usually has more ________ to succeed.
A．pride B．education C．chances D．excuses
【答案】C
【详解】句意：一个自信的人通常有更多的机会成功。
考查名词辨析。pride骄傲；education教育；chances机会；excuses借口。根据常识可知，自信的人通常获得成功的“机会”更多。故选C。
14．（2024·江苏泰州·三模）—Tom has been through a lot recently and he needs a perfect place to let his ______ out.
—That’s true. And as friends, we should also give him a helping hand.
A．secret B．stress
C．spirit D．sense
【答案】B
【详解】句意：——汤姆最近经历了很多，他需要一个完美的地方来释放压力。——没错。作为朋友，我们也应该帮助他。
考查名词辨析。secret秘密；stress压力；spirit精神；sense感觉。根据“Tom has been through a lot recently...”和“And as friends, we should also give him a helping hand.”可知，汤姆经历了很多且需要帮助，由此推断出是要释放压力。故选B。
15．（2024·江苏泰州·三模）—Li Guangsu is an astronaut carrying out China’s Shenzhou XVIII spaceship mission.
—How excellent! He must have some ______ over others in body and mind.
A．advantages B．instructions C．thoughts D．situations
【答案】A
【详解】句意：——李光苏是一名正在执行中国神舟十八号飞船任务的宇航员。 ——太优秀了！他一定在身心方面比其他人都更有优势。
考查名词辨析。advantage优势；instruction指示；thought想法；situation形势。根据“have some...over others”及“in body and mind”可知，此处为短语have advantage over..., 意为“比……更有优势”，故选A。
16．（2024·江苏泰州·三模）The students are encouraged to create paintings based on ________ such as love, respect and kindness.
A．awards B．rewards C．values D．victory
【答案】C
【详解】句意：鼓励学生创作基于爱、尊重和善良等价值观的绘画作品。
考查名词辨析。awards奖；rewards回报；values价值观；victory胜利。根据语境可知，鼓励学生们创作的绘画作品，应该基于爱、尊重和善良等价值观，values“价值观”符合语境。故选C。
17．（2024·江苏镇江·二模）This year marks the 75th anniversary (纪念日) of Zhenjiang Liberation (解放). We are very thankful for those who made great ______ to our hometown.
A．celebrations B．conclusions C．conversations D．contributions
【答案】D
【详解】句意：今年是镇江解放75周年。我们非常感谢那些为我们家乡做出巨大贡献的人。
考查名词词义辨析。celebrations庆祝；conclusions结论；conversations对话；contributions贡献。根据“This year marks the 75th anniversary of Zhenjiang Liberation.”可知，此处是指感谢为家乡作出巨大贡献的人们，考查make contributions to“为……做出贡献”，动词短语。故选D。
18．（2024·江苏扬州·二模）Uncle Henry and Aunt Ann never smile or laugh. There isn’t much ________ in their life.
A．happiness B．darkness C．information D．competition
【答案】A
【详解】句意：亨利叔叔和安婶婶从不微笑或大笑。他们的生活中没有多少幸福。
考查名词辨析。happiness幸福；darkness黑暗；information消息；competition比赛。根据“Uncle Henry and Aunt Ann never smile or laugh. There isn’t much ... in their life.”可知，他们不笑，是因为生活中没什么幸福，故选A。
19．（2024·江苏镇江·二模）There are many ________ about the TV show To the Wonder. You can search for them online.
A．changes B．projects C．reviews D．standards
【答案】C
【详解】句意：有许多关于电视节目《奇迹》的评论。你可以在网上搜索它们。
考查名词辨析。changes变化；projects项目；reviews评论；standards标准。根据“There are many…about the TV show To the Wonder. You can search for them online.”可知，此处指的是“关于电视节目《奇迹》的评论”。故选C。
20．（2024·江苏泰州·三模）The idiom (成语) “Mengzi’s mother makes three moves” tells of a mother who did all she could to provide the best ________ for her child.
A．experience B．environment C．information D．instruction
【答案】B
【详解】句意：“孟母三迁”这个成语讲述的是一位母亲尽其所能为孩子提供最好的环境。
考查名词辨析。experience经历；environment环境；information信息；instruction用法说明。根据“provide the best...for her child.”可知，“孟母三迁”是为孩子提供最好的环境，故选B。
21．（2024·江苏镇江·二模）________ with emojis (颜文字) have become very common in online communication nowadays. For example, means “laugh out”.
A．Menus B．Messages C．Marks D．Methods
【答案】B
【详解】句意：如今，使用表情符号的信息在在线交流中已经变得非常普遍。例如， 意思是“大笑”。
考查名词辨析。Menus菜单；Messages信息；Marks标记；Methods方法。根据“with emojis (颜文字) have become very common in online communication nowadays.”可知，这里指的是带有表情符号的信息。故选B。
22．（2024·江苏宿迁·三模）Learning English in a classroom is important, while using English in real ________ will improve your English skills more greatly.
A．experiences B．events C．situations D．projects
【答案】C
【详解】句意：在课堂上学习英语很重要，而在实际情况中使用英语会大大提高你的英语技能。
考查名词辨析。experiences经历；events事件；situations情况，情境；projects项目。根据“using English in real...will improve your English skills more greatly”可知，此处指在实际情境中使用英语。故选C。
23．（2024·江苏镇江·二模）—To tell you the truth, I want to give up joining in the swimming competition.
—Come on, you just need to practice more to build up your ________.
A．challenge B．confidence C．development D．energy
【答案】B
【详解】句意：——说实话，我想放弃参加游泳比赛。——加油，你只需要多练习来建立自信。
考查名词辨析。challenge挑战；confidence信心，自信；development发展；energy能量。根据句中“need to practice more to build up your…”可知，此处使用confidence，表示“需要更多的练习来建立你的自信”，以此来鼓励对方。故选B。
24．（2024·江苏连云港·二模）Papermaking is one of the four great ________ of ancient China.
A．directions B．inventions C．conversations D．situations
【答案】B
【详解】句意：造纸术是中国古代四大发明之一。
考查名词辨析。directions方向；inventions发明；conversations对话；situations情况。根据“Papermaking is one of the four great...of ancient China.”可知，造纸术是一项发明。故选B。
25．（2024·江苏南京·二模）—What an awful rain! We can’t go for a picnic, mum.
—In this _______, we have no choice but to stay at home.
A．situation B．position C．direction D．location
【答案】A
【详解】句意：——好大的雨啊！妈妈，我们不能去野餐了。——在这种情况下，我们别无选择，只能待在家里。
考查名词辨析。situation情况；position位置；direction方向；location地点。根据“In this...we have no choice but to stay at home.”可知，此处指的是“在这种下大雨的情况下”。故选A。
26．（2024·江苏宿迁·三模）—Ye Guangfu is an astronaut carrying out China’s Shenzhou-18 spaceship mission.
—How excellent! He must have some ________ over others.
A．advertisements B．advantages C．addresses D．attention
【答案】B
【详解】句意：——叶光富是执行中国神舟十八号宇宙飞船任务的宇航员。——多么优秀！他一定比其他人有一些优势。
考查名词辨析。advertisements广告；advantages优势；addresses地址；attention注意。根据“He must have some...over others.”可知，他比其他人有优势。故选B。
27．（2024·江苏南京·二模）—What’s wrong You look blue.
—The news that our team lost the match puts me in a difficult ________.
A．conclusion B．tradition C．attraction D．situation
【答案】D
【详解】句意：——怎么了？你看起来很忧郁。——我们队输了比赛的消息使我陷入了困境。
考查名词辨析。conclusion结论；tradition传统；attraction吸引；situation情况。根据“The news that our team lost the match puts me in a difficult”可知，队伍输了比赛的消息让自己陷入一种困难的情境，situation符合语境。故选D。
28．（2024·江苏南通·二模）—How was the volleyball match yesterday, Peter
—Much _________. Neither of the teams was willing to say “Giving up” to the other.
A．experience B．competition C．knowledge D．development
【答案】B
【详解】句意：——昨天的排球比赛怎么样，彼得？ ——竞争非常激烈。两队都不愿意向对方示弱。
考查名词辨析。experience经验；competition竞争；knowledge知识；development发展。根据“Neither of the teams was willing to say ‘Giving up’ to the other.”可知，此处是指比赛竞争非常激烈，两支队伍不愿意放弃比赛。故选B。
29．（2024·江苏连云港·二模）With more and more railways, the traffic ________ in China have improved a lot.
A．directions B．instructions C．conditions D．operations
【答案】C
【详解】句意：随着铁路越来越多，中国的交通状况有了很大的改善。
考查名词辨析。directions方向；instructions指示；conditions状况；operations手术。根据“the traffic...in China have improved a lot”可知，交通状况有了很大的改善。故选C。
30．（2024·江苏南京·二模）Some schools usually hold ________ such as camping trips or free movies on Children’s Day to bring fun and joy to students.
A．activities B．shows C．meetings D．competitions
【答案】A
【详解】句意：一些学校通常在儿童节举办露营旅行或免费电影等活动，为学生带来乐趣和欢乐。
考查名词辨析。activities活动；shows表演；meetings会议；competitions比赛。根据“such as camping trips or free movies on Children’s Day”可知，露营旅行或免费电影都属于活动。故选A。
1．（2024·江苏宿迁·中考真题）I want to be _______ scientist like Qian Xuesen when I grow up.
A．a B．an C．the D．/
【答案】A
【详解】句意：我长大后想成为像钱学森一样的科学家。
考查冠词的用法。此处泛指一位科学家，“scientist”首字母发辅音音素，故选A。
2．（2023·江苏淮安·中考真题）I usually have ________ lunch with my classmates at school.
A．/ B．a C．an D．the
【答案】A
【详解】句意：我通常在学校和同学们一起吃午饭。
考查冠词。表示一日三餐前不加冠词，have lunch“吃午饭”。故选A。
3．（2023·江苏南通·中考真题）As a student in modern China, everybody should work hard to live ________ meaningful life.
A．a B．an C．the D．不填
【答案】A
【详解】句意：作为现代中国的学生，每个人都应该努力工作，过有意义的生活。
考查冠词。此处用live a/an ... life表示“过着……的生活”，meaningful以辅音音素开头，其前用不定冠词a。故选A。
4．（2023·江苏镇江·中考真题）It is said that Panda Ya Ya will live ________ rest of her life in her hometown, China.
A．a B．an C．the D．不填
【答案】C
【详解】句意：据说熊猫丫丫将在她的家乡中国度过余生。
考查冠词用法。live the rest of one’s life“度过余生”，固定搭配。故选C。
5．（2023·江苏宿迁·中考真题）—Betty began to play ________ violin at the age of four.
—No wonder she plays so well.
A．a B．an C．the D．/
【答案】C
【详解】句意：——贝蒂四岁开始拉小提琴。——怪不得她拉得这么好。
考查冠词。a不定冠词，表泛指，后接以辅音音素开头的单词；an不定冠词，表泛指，后接以元音音素开头的单词；the定冠词；/零冠词。violin是乐器，乐器前应加定冠词the。play the violin“拉小提琴”。故选C。
6．（2023·江苏扬州·中考真题）Yangzhou is ________ city full of ________ history, culture and mouthwatering food.
A．the; a B．a; a C．the; the D．a; /
【答案】D
【详解】句意：扬州是一座充满历史、文化和令人垂涎的美食的城市。
考查冠词。第一个空泛指“一个城市”，city以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a，排除AC；根据“full of...history, culture...”可知此处指充满历史、文化等的城市，此处history是不可数名词，排除B。故选D。
7．（2023·江苏连云港·中考真题）China is ________ country with a history of more than 5,000 years.
A．the B．a C．an D．/
【答案】B
【详解】句意：中国是一个有着五千多年历史的国家。
考查不定冠词表泛指。the表特指；a一，用于辅音音素开头的单词前；an一，用于元音音素开头的单词前；/不用冠词。根据“country”可知应用不定冠词泛指“一个国家”，且其为辅音音素开头的单词，因此不定冠词用a。故选B。
8．（2024·江苏宿迁·中考真题）Fan Jinshi, born _______ 1938, has devoted all her time to protecting Dunhuang cultural heritage.
A．at B．on C．in D．by
【答案】C
【详解】句意：樊锦诗，1938年出生，毕生致力于敦煌文化遗产保护。
考查介词辨析。at其后加时间点等；on其后加星期或具体的时间；in其后加早中晚，月份，季节，年份等；by到……为止。“1938”是年份，用介词in。故选C。
9．（2024·江苏扬州·中考真题）The Marco Polo Memorial Hall stands at the east end of Dongguan Street ________ Yangzhou.
A．to B．on C．at D．in
【答案】D
【详解】句意：马可波罗纪念馆位于扬州东关街东端。
考查介词辨析。to到；on在……上面；at在；in在……里面。此处指纪念馆位于扬州……，in Yangzhou“在扬州”，应用介词in。故选D。
10．（2023·江苏淮安·中考真题）________ spring, our city is full of green trees and beautiful flowers.
A．At B．In C．On D．Of
【答案】B
【详解】句意：在春天，我们的城市绿树成荫，鲜花盛开。
考查介词辨析。at在某时刻；in在某年某月某季节；on在某一天；of……的。空后是季节，用介词in。故选B。
11．（2023·江苏南通·中考真题）Shenzhou 16 was sent up into space ________ the morning of May 30, 2023.
A．in B．on C．at D．from
【答案】B
【详解】句意：神舟16号于2023年5月30日上午发射升空。
考查介词辨析。in后加某年某月某季节；on后加具体的某一天，或某一天的早中晚；at后加具体时刻；from从。根据“the morning of May 30, 2023.”可知具体到某一天的上午，应用on。故选B。
12．（2023·江苏宿迁·中考真题）About 12,000 people took part in the 2023 Suqian Marathon ________ April 2.
A．at B．on C．in D．to
【答案】B
【详解】句意：4月2日，约1.2万人参加了2023宿迁马拉松比赛。
考查介词辨析。at后接具体时刻；on后接具体一天；in后接年、月、季节等；to到。April 2指具体的一天，其前应加介词on。故选B。
13．（2024·江苏淮安·中考真题）—Oh! I forgot to bring ________ ruler.
—Don’t worry. I can share mine with you.
A．I B．me C．my D．mine
【答案】C
【详解】句意：——哦！我忘了带尺子。——别担心。我可以和你分享我的。
考查代词辨析。I我，主格；me我，宾格；my我的，形容词性物主代词；mine我的，名词性物主代词。修饰名词ruler用形容词性物主代词。故选C。
14．（2024·江苏徐州·中考真题）—Who was calling you on the phone just now
—________ was my cousin.
A．He B．She C．It D．This
【答案】C
【详解】句意：——刚才是谁给你打电话？——是我表妹。
考查代词辨析。He他；She她；It它；This这。根据“Who was calling you on the phone just now”可知，是询问对方是谁，指代不明身份的人常用代词it。故选C。
15．（2024·江苏镇江·中考真题）Chemistry is as interesting as Physics. ________ of them help students explore the science world.
A．Neither B．Both C．All D．None
【答案】B
【详解】句意：化学和物理一样有趣。它们都帮助学生探索科学世界。
考查代词辨析。Neither两者都不；Both两者都；All三者或三者以上都；None三者或三者以上都不。根据“Chemistry is as interesting as Physics”可知，这里指的化学和物理两者都可以帮助学生探索科学世界，故选B。
16．（2024·江苏常州·中考真题）Little Mary was proud of ______ because she taught Uncle Li how to borrow books online.
A．herself B．hers C．she D．her
【答案】A
【详解】句意：小玛丽为自己感到骄傲，因为她教李叔叔如何在网上借书。
考查代词辨析。herself她自己；hers她的；she她；her她/她的。根据“Little Mary was proud of …because she taught Uncle Li how to borrow books online.”可知，此处指为她自己感到骄傲，故选A。
17．（2024·江苏无锡·中考真题）We’re looking for ________ who can deal with the new computer virus.
A．someone B．everyone C．something D．everything
【答案】A
【详解】句意：我们在找一个能对付这种新型电脑病毒的人。
考查代词辨析。someone某人；everyone每个人；something某事；everything每件事。根据“We’re looking for...who can deal with the new computer virus.”可知，找一个能对付这种新型电脑病毒的人，用someone，故选A。
18．（2024·江苏扬州·中考真题）“What’s that ” is ________ of the first things that children say.
A．some B．each C．one D．that
【答案】C
【详解】句意：“那是什么？”这是孩子们说的第一句话。
考查代词辨析。some一些；each每个；one一；that那。“What’s that ”是孩子们说的一句话，one of the+名词复数，表“……之一”。故选C。
19．（2024·江苏南通·中考真题）—I don’t know what to write about the four great classical Chinese novels.
—You’d better read ________ first and then organize your own ideas.
A．reviews B．reasons C．results D．rewards
【答案】A
【详解】句意：——我不知道该怎么写中国四大名著的读后感。——你最好先读读书评，然后整理自己的想法。
考查名词辨析。reviews评论；reasons原因；results结果；rewards报酬。根据“and then organize your own ideas.”可知先读一些评论，然后整理自己的想法。故选A。
20．（2024·江苏南通·中考真题）We call the Earth “Blue ________” because the ocean covers about 71 percent of it.
A．Sky B．Water C．Planet D．Mountain
【答案】C
【详解】句意：我们称地球为“蓝色星球”，因为海洋覆盖了大约71%的地球。
考查名词辨析。sky天空；water水；planet星球；mountain山。根据“call the Earth ‘Blue...’”可知地球被称为“蓝色星球”。故选C。
21．（2024·江苏南通·中考真题）The body language on the right means “________” in China.
A．advice B．attention C．praise D．practice
【答案】C
【详解】句意：右边的肢体语言在中国意味着“赞美”。
考查常识和名词辨析。advice建议；attention注意；praise赞美；practice练习。根据常识可知，在中国竖大拇指是赞美的意思。故选C。
22．（2024·江苏淮安·中考真题）Stay away from the river. Look at the sign! It says, “________.”
A．No shouting B．No parking C．No swimming D．No littering
【答案】C
【详解】句意：远离河流。看这个标志！上面写着：“禁止游泳。”
考查名词辨析以及情景交际。No shouting禁止喧哗；No parking禁止停车；No swimming禁止游泳；No littering禁止乱扔垃圾。根据“Stay away from the river”可知标志上写着“禁止游泳”，所以要远离河流。故选C。
23．（2024·江苏徐州·中考真题）Look at the black clouds. They are a sure ________ of rain.
A．chance B．view C．sign D．idea
【答案】C
【详解】句意：看看乌云，它们是要下雨的明显迹象。
考查名词辨析。chance机会；view看法；sign迹象；idea想法。根据“Look at the black clouds.”可知，此处是指乌云是要下雨的迹象。故选C。
24．（2024·江苏镇江·中考真题）Helen keeps English diaries every day as a ________ to develop her writing skills.
A．habit B．present C．victory D．dream
【答案】A
【详解】句意：海伦每天写英文日记作为一种习惯来提高她的写作技巧。
考查名词辨析。habit习惯；present礼物；victory胜利；dream梦想。根据“keeps English diaries every day as a … to develop her writing skills”可知，海伦每天写英文日记，这是一种习惯，故选A。
25．（2024·江苏宿迁·中考真题）After a month’s efforts, the girl made much _______ in Maths.
A．problem B．project C．pollution D．progress
【答案】D
【详解】句意：经过一个月的努力，这个女孩在数学上取得了很大进步。
考查名词辨析。problem问题；project项目；pollution污染；progress进步。make much progress in“在……取得进步”，故选D。
26．（2024·江苏扬州·中考真题）—Do you know why zebrafish are taken to Shenzhou-18
—They have ________ like small size and short development cycle.
A．stages B．advantages C．messages D．passages
【答案】B
【详解】句意：——你知道为什么要把斑马鱼带到神舟十八号上去吗？——它们具有体积小、培育周期短等优点。
考查名词辨析。stages阶段；advantages优势；messages信息；passages段落。根据“Do you know why zebrafish are taken to Shenzhou-18”可知，答语应是介绍带它们上去的原因，结合“like small size and short development cycle”可知，这些应是它们的优势，故选B。
27．（2024·江苏无锡·中考真题）Oh, come on! Stop telling me what to do. Mind ________ own business.
A．you B．your C．us D．our
【答案】B
【详解】句意：哦，别这样！别对我指手画脚了。管好你自己的事。
考查代词辨析。you你，your你的；us我们；our我们的。根据“Stop telling me what to do. Mind ... own business.”可知，告诉对方“管好你自己的事”，故选B。
28．（2024·江苏淮安·中考真题）—Excuse me, which is the way to Chuxiu Park
—Walk ________ this road, and you will find it.
A．along B．under C．for D．about
【答案】A
【详解】句意：——请问，去楚秀公园怎么走？——沿着这条路走，你会找到的。
考查介词辨析。along沿着；under在下方；for为了；about关于。根据“Walk...this road”可知是沿着这条路走。故选A。
29．（2023·江苏常州·中考真题）I’ve visited New York and Los Angeles, but I don’t like ________ of them very much.
A．either B．any C．neither D．none
【答案】A
【详解】句意：我去过纽约和洛杉矶，但我都不太喜欢。
考查代词辨析。either两者之一；any三者或三者以上的任意一个；neither两者都不；none全都不。根据“I’ve visited New York and Los Angeles, but I don’t like...of them very much.”可知是纽约和洛杉矶都不喜欢，not…either=neither（两者都不）。故选A。
30．（2023·江苏镇江·中考真题）The twin brothers are good at football and ________ of them have a talent for sports.
A．neither B．either C．both D．all
【答案】C
【详解】句意：这对双胞胎兄弟擅长足球，他们俩都有体育天赋。
考查代词。neither两者都不；either两者中的任何一个；both两者都；all三者及以上全部。此处是指双胞胎兄弟，是指两者，排除D；根据“The twin brothers are good at football and...of them have a talent for sports.”可知，两人都有体育天赋，both of作主语，谓语动词用复数have。故选C。
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