专题03 词法之时态、语态及非谓语动词
目录
题型综述 1
解题攻略 2
时态 2
语态 7
非谓语动词 12
中考练场 17
【题型解读】
初中主要学习的是八种时态，他们分别是，一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来时，现在进行时，过去进行时，现在完成时，过去完成时和过去将来时等八种时态。时态是中考一个非常重要的语法知识点。本专题目的在于归纳一些高频考题及梳理一些解题技巧。以帮助同学们高效复习。被动语态主要考查不同时态的被动语态和情态动词的被动语态。其中以一般过去时的被动语态、一般现在时的被动语态和一般将来时的被动语态为主，其次涉及到含有情态动词的被动语态和现在完成时的被动语态。本专题目的在于归纳一些高频考题及梳理一些解题技巧。以帮助同学们高效复习。
非谓语动词首先是一种动词形式，其次是这种动词形式不能做谓语。非谓语动词包含四种形式，即不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词。非谓语动词一直是英语学习的难点，也是中考的常考点
【命题规律】
1.动词和时态（一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、现在完成时），考查时态往往会涉及到谓语动词，再加上动词短语搭配和非谓语动词也是常考点，动词成为中考语法占比最大的词类。
2.常跟动名词作宾语的动词有：
enjoy喜欢； mind 介意； finish 完成；keep持续； suggest 建议； practice 练习；consider考虑；miss错过；imagine想象；avoid避免； can’t help忍不住；go on 继续；be worth值得； be busy忙于 ; give up放弃；succeed in成功，设法；look forward to期待；be used to习惯于；end up以……结束; put off推迟；pay attention to注意；be interested in对……感兴趣
3.现在分词与过去分词的区别
1).在语态上,现在分词表示主动意义,过去分词表示被动意义。
the surprising news令人惊讶的消息
a surprised man一个感到惊讶的人
a moving film一部感人的电影
the moved people被感动的人们
2）.在时间上,现在分词表示正在进行的动作,过去分词表示已经完成的动作。
the developing country发展中国家
the developed country发达国家
the rising sun正在升起的太阳
the risen sun升起来的太阳
4.易混句式have sb.do sth.,have sb.doing sth.和have sth. done的区别
1）.have sb. do sth.意为“让某人做某事”,have可以用let,make代替。不定式往往表示一次性的具体动作,且强调动作已经完成或尚未发生。
The soldiers had the boy stand with his back to his father.士兵们让这个男孩背对他的父亲站着。
2.have sb. doing sth.表示“使某人作出某种反应”或“劝说/命令某人做某事”;用于否定句时表示“允许/容忍某人做某事”。
Within minutes he had the whole audience laughing and clapping.短短几分钟内他就令全体观众欢笑、鼓掌。
3）.have sth.done意为“让某事被别人做”,即ask sb.else to do sth.,过去分词(done)所表示的动作由他人(非主语本身)来完成。
The driver had his car washed once a week.这个司机一周让人洗一次车。
（一）时态
【考点诠释】
考点 考向 考法/命题角度
一般现在时 一般过去时 考察最多的主要集中在 一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时。 1、动词 come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return, stop 等用一般现在时表将来。这主要表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。 例如：The movie starts at six o’clock and ends at 8 o’clock. 2、在时间或条件句中，一般现在时可以表示将来。 3、注意动词过去式的不规则变化
现在进行时 过去进行时 下列动词的现在进行时可以表示将来。如 go, come, fly, leave, start, begin, arrive 等。 例如：My father is arriving at Beijing airport at 3 p.m. tomorrow.
现在完成时 过去完成时 1、注意现在完成时一些标志词，如：already, just, ever, never, before, yet；since 和 for 2、注意区分瞬间动词与延续动词
一般将来时 过去将来时 1、掌握常见时间状语：the next day 2、在宾语从句中，主句过去时，从句的动作发生某个将来的时间。
【典题举隅】
1．（2024·江苏南通·模拟预测）There ________ a film tonight, isn’t there
A．is B．is going to have C．is going to be D．will be
2．（2024·江苏扬州·模拟预测）I will go to the show if I ________ tomorrow.
A．am invited B．will be invited C．invite D．will invite
3．（2025·江苏南通·模拟预测）—Is your dad in
—No, he has ________ out for an hour.
A．has gone B．has gone to C．has been D．has been to
4．（2024·江苏常州·一模）—Has our son finished his homework yet
—I don’t know, but he ________ it the whole afternoon.
A．was doing B．did C．has done D．will do
5．（2024·江苏常州·二模）—I haven’t seen you these days. What are you busy with
—I ________ my English Speech Competition next week.
A．am preparing for B．prepared for C．have prepared for D．will prepare for
6．（2024·江苏宿迁·三模）We ________ by the river side when a sudden storm hit, so we made our way back.
A．walk B．walked C．were walking D．have walked
7．（2025·江苏扬州·一模）—Is your father in
—No, he ________ for three hours.
A．has left B．has been out
C．went out D．has gone out
8．（2024·江苏南京·三模）In China, you can see people playing basketball in parks, schools and even factories. Basketball ______ a popular sport to play and watch.
A．has become B．was becoming C．will become D．became
9．（2024·江苏徐州·一模）—Tom’s father is really busy recently. He often works late at the hospital before coming home.
—Yes. By the time he arrived home last night, Tom ______ asleep.
A．had fallen B．fell C．has fallen D．falls
10．（2024·江苏无锡·三模）China Mobile expected that the number of 5G mobile connections in China ________ one billion by the year 2025.
A．will reach B．would reach C．had reached D．has reached
11．（2024·江苏无锡·二模）The president promised he himself ________ the opening ceremony.
A．attended B．had attended C．would attend D．will attend
12．（2024·江苏镇江·二模）—Have you ever been to Shanghai
—Of course. Actually, I ________ there for six years but now I live in Zhenjiang.
A．worked B．was working C．would work D．have worked
13．（2024·江苏扬州·二模）—Would you like to see the film Boonie Bears: Time Twist with me tomorrow
—Sorry. I ________ it with my parents the other day.
A．watch B．watched C．will watcb D．am watching
14．（2024·江苏宿迁·三模）—Do you think ________ more pollution in a few years
—Yes! So we must do something to save the earth.
A．there is B．there will have C．there are D．there will be
15．（2024·江苏徐州·二模）Li Guang su, a 36-year-old astronauts, ________ to the Dongfeng landing site in late October this year.
A．returns B．returned C．will return D．has returned
（二）被动语态
【考点诠释】
被动语态结构： 一般现在时 一般过去时 一般将来时 过去将来时 现在进行时 过去进行时 现在完成时 过去完成时 带情态动词 The article is written (by her). The article was written (by her). The article will be written (by her). Our teacher said the article would be written (by her). The article is being written (by her). The article was being written (by her). The article has been written (by her). The teacher said the article had been written (by her). The article might be written by her.
还原to 使役动词make /let /have及感官动词hear ,see ,find ,watch, feel, etc的特殊用法 1. Mother often makes me do some housework. →I am often made to do some housework by mother. 2. We saw him run into the classroom. →He was seen to run into the classroom by us.
主动表被动： 1. 不及物动词write, sell, wash, open, lock, read, clean, cut, burn, drive，prove, grow（长得），而且主语为物 2. 大多数系动词：be ,feel (摸起来)，sound(听起来)，look(看起来)，smell(闻起来) ，taste（尝起来）, become, fall (asleep), get, keep, remain, seem, stay, turn, grow (变得), appear (呈现) 等 3. 在need/ want/ require doing或be worth doing句型中 1. This kind of shoes sells well.这种鞋子很好卖。 2. This skirt washes easily. 这件裙子很容易洗。 3. The pen writes well.这支钢笔很好写。 4. Ｔhe skirt feels very soft. 这件裙子摸起来很柔软。 5. The mooncakes taste delicious.(这些月饼尝起来很好吃。) 6. My watch needs mending. = My watch needs to be mended. need/want/require doing = need/want/require to be done 7. The book is worth reading. (这本书值得一读。)
没有被动语态的词: 1. vi.: happen (= take place), break out(爆发)，break down(坏了), result from(缘于)，belong to, consist of, come true, come out，die ,disappear, end (vi. 结束), fail, last, lie, remain, sit, spread（传播）, stand, etc. 2.vt.: cost, fit, have, suit等 3.vt.: 带同源宾语，宾语为反身代词，相互代词 4. vt.: 宾语为不定式或doing 1.The film lasted for 3 hours. 2. Many changes have happened in our hometown. 3. His dream has come true. 4. My photos will come out tomorrow. 5. This car costs 100,000 dollars. 6. We will have a meeting. (但hold a meeting 可以改被动)。 7. She dreamed a bad dream last night. 8. The man introduced himself to everyone. 9. They help each other study English. 10. She likes to swim. 11. She enjoys watching TV.
辨认是否为被动语态 “be+过去分词”有时不能表示被动语态,而只能是系表结构。被动语态表示主语为动作的承受者，而系表结构则表示主语的特点或所处的状态。 1. He is pleased / worried / tired /…(系表结构)(他高兴/焦虑/疲劳……) 2. The door was closed last night. (系表结构，强调状态) 3. The door was closed by Tom last night. （被动语态，强调动作）
【典题举隅】
1．（2024·江苏徐州·三模）To make our beloved city much greener, more trees ________ in the next few years.
A．plant B．will plant C．will be planted D．are planted
2．（2024·江苏南通·模拟预测）—Music and art enter the Entrance Examination for the high school, is it true
—Yes. But don’t worry. Nothing will be difficult if more attention ________ to them.
A．is paid B．will be paid C．pays D．will pay
3．（2024·江苏南京·二模）I like shopping online because when my order is ready, the things I want ________ to me soon.
A．send B．was sent
C．are sending D．will be sent
4．（2024·江苏南京·三模）—What is your favourite TV programme this year, Li Hua
—I think Readers that ________ by CCTV.
A．is held B．are held
C．is holding D．held
5．（2024·江苏扬州·二模）The ChatGPT has influenced us a lot since its data model ________ the year before.
A．makes B．made C．is made D．was made
6．（2024·江苏镇江·二模）Different reading spaces ________ in my neighbourhood recently to improve people’s reading environments.
A．have created B．have been created C．created D．were created
7．（2025·江苏南通·模拟预测）I will go to the show if I ________ tomorrow.
A．am invited B．will be invited C．invite D．will invite
8．（2024·江苏宿迁·一模）—What ______ to you, Jack
—I ______ by an e-bike and hurt my arms.
A．took place; hit B．happened; hit C．took place; was hit D．happened; was hit
9．（2024·江苏泰州·二模）The medal-winning athletes _________ to share their achievements with thousands of fans during the coming Olympics in Paris.
A．were invited B．will invite C．will be invited D．have invited
10．（2024·江苏宿迁·三模）—Horse-Face Skirt lovers can ________ walking down the street in many cities.
—Well, wearing the kind of skirt shows their love for Chinese culture.
A．find B．found C．be found D．finding
11．（2024·江苏宿迁·一模）More mistakes ________ and corrected if you go over the paper carefully for the second time.
A．are found B．have been found C．can be found D．will find
12．（2024·江苏连云港·二模）Don’t worry, Lisa. These posters ________ by Sandy tomorrow afternoon.
A．design B．will design C．are designed D．will be designed
（三）非谓语动词
【考点诠释】
考点 考向 考法/命题角度
不定式 非谓语动词基本用法，及非谓语一般形式；主要考点为动词不定式和动名词，分词少有涉及。 需使用不定式做宾语的动词；省去to 的不定式作宾补的动词；不定式做表语。
动名词 一些常接动名词做宾语的动词及句型
分词 现在分词与过去分词做表语区别
动词不定式
1.作表语；2.信号词：wish, hope, dream, work, task, duty, ambition, etc. etc. 1. My wish is to become a teacher. 2. The first thing I want to do is to visit my grandfather.
作定语 (后置) I have nothing ___________ (send) you. We must never miss the chance _______( show) love for our parents. 1. I have nothing to say about that thing. 2. Sorry, I can’t go with you; I have a lot of clothes to wash. 3. China is the third country to send its astronauts into the space.
作宾语及宾补 want/promise/manage/plan/expect decide/choose/refuse/pretend to do sth. make/ let/ have sb. do sth. (注：被动带to) ask/ tell/ order /enable/allow/encourage sb. to do sth. warn sb. not to do sth. would like to do 5. had better (not)do 1. Alice wanted to get another cup of coffee. 2. He told me to be here on time. 3. Our parents often tell us not to swim alone in the river in summer. 4. Paul doesn't have to be made to learn_. He always works hard. 5. You’d better _________(try) this medicine.
作状语 不定式常在句子里作目的、原因和结果状语 如：in order to; so as to He ran so fast as to catch the first bus. （目的状语） He searched the room only to find nothing. （结果状语） I'm glad to see you. （原因状语）
动词不定式与疑问词连用 (1) He doesn’t know how to use the machine. (不定式作宾语) (2) How to use the machine is a question. (不定式作主语) (3) The question is when to go there. (不定式作表语) (4). The menu has so many good things! I can’t decide which to eat.
不定式的特殊句型： 1.句型：too…to…：太…而不能… 2.句型：be + adj + enough + to do sth.足以做 … 3.句型：It's + adj. + for sb to do sth 4.句型：Why not +动词原形"表达向某人提出建议，翻译为："为什么不…… " 5. 句型：so as (not) to do: 表示目的 6.不定式的否定形式，如:warn sb not to do/never to/in order not to/so as not to等 7..比较：used to do/be used to doing 8..比较：It takes…to do/sb spends…doing He is too excited to speak. The child is old enough to go to schooll. Why not take a holiday Go in quietly so as not to wake the baby. 1. The box is too heavy for me ____ it. A. carrying B. carries C. carry D. to carry 2.We are often told _____at people in trouble. A. not to smile B. to smile C. not to laugh D. to laugh 3.Yesterday morning I got up early________ be late for the exam. in order to B. in order to not C. so as not to D. so as to
动名词
动名词做宾语 1.信号词：enjoy, keep, mind, finish, practice/ practise; deny; imagine; risk; consider; admit; forgive, avoid; escape; 2. 词组：give up/ be good at/do well in/ can't help/ keep on/feel like/ be used to/refer to/pay attention to/ devote oneself to/get used to/look forward to/ succeed in/ be worth 3.how about/what about +doing 4.prefer doing….to doing /prefer to do....rather than do 5.介词后面+doing 6.固定搭配：go shopping/go dancing/go swimming 1. Mary and I enjoy playing badminton. 2.It's a bit cold. Would you mind my closing all the windows 3.The new term is coming. They are busy cleaning the classrooms 4.—Mum, I’m hungry. —What about _____(go) to McDonald’s eating fried chicken 5. Knives are used for _________(cut) things.
动名词做主语及表语 Walking is good exercise. 走路是很好的运动 My favorite sport is swimming. 我最喜欢的运动是游泳
现在分词
感官动词+sb.+doing see, hear, find, smell, watch, find, listen to, look at, notice, observe I heard someone knocking at the door. I saw him dancing in the hall yesterday. There we found him watching TV.
【典题举隅】
1．（2025·江苏南通·模拟预测）They contacted all the teachers they can turn to ________ their son ________ games in the dorm.
A．to prevent ; playing B．to prevent ; to play
C．preventing ; to play D．preventing ; playing
2．（2023·江苏常州·一模）Sherlock Holmes is a careful detective. No detail is ________ escape (逃脱) his attention.
A．too small to B．so small that C．not small enough D．as small as
3．（2025·江苏宿迁·一模）I saw my computer teacher ________ a broken computer in his office at 7 p.m. yesterday.
A．repair B．to repair C．repairing D．to repair
4．（2014·江苏无锡·二模）—You don’t know what great difficulty I had ________ to get the two tickets.
—But the film is really worth _________twice.
A．managing; seeing B．to manage; seeing
C．managing; being seen D．managed; to be seen
5．（2024·江苏南京·三模）The ORBIS doctors did everything ________ the girl with eye problems.
A．save B．saved C．to save D．saving
6．（2024·江苏连云港·三模）________ more about Chinese culture, Jack has decided to take Chinese folk music as his second course.
A．Learning B．Learned C．To learn D．Learn
7．（2024·江苏泰州·三模）Lucy had few close friends at school, so she didn’t know ________ about the trouble.
A．who to talk B．who to talk to C．who to say D．what to talk
8．（2024·江苏南通·二模）The sun was shining brightly, ________ everything there look more beautiful.
A．making B．to make C．and make D．and making
9．（2024·江苏·二模）_________ more true friends, remember that love and communication between people is a two-way street.
A．Made B．Making C．Make D．To make
10．（2024·江苏南通·二模）________ the speed in the coming race, the marathon lover practises running every day.
A．Improve B．Improves C．Improving D．To improve
1．（2024·江苏淮安·中考真题）—Mum, I ________ the living room already.
—Good job! It is so tidy now.
A．have cleaned B．will clean C．am cleaning D．clean
2．（2024·江苏徐州·中考真题）If you are lazy in spring, you ________ nothing in autumn.
A．harvested B．will harvest C．are harvesting D．have harvested
3．（2024·江苏镇江·中考真题）So far, some of the dialects (方言) ________ in use for thousands of years. They are full of local color.
A．were B．are C．have been D．will be
4．（2024·江苏宿迁·中考真题）To make our hometown more beautiful, we _______ many trees and flowers every year.
A．plant B．are planting C．planted D．were planting
5．（2022·江苏南京·中考真题）—Where is Kate
—On the playground. She _______ at the moment.
A．runs B．will run C．is running D．was running
6．（2024·江苏无锡·中考真题）Hey, John! What’s up I ________ a shower when you called.
A．had taken B．have taken C．was taking D．am taking
7．（2024·江苏扬州·中考真题）Since I was born, my family ________ in the same flat.
A．live B．will live C．are living D．have lived
8．（2024·江苏扬州·中考真题）As we all know, the Yangtze River ________ as a “mother river” of the Chinese nation.
A．knows B．knew C．is known D．was known
9．（2024·江苏扬州·中考真题）Look! My sister ________ the table. Let’s give her a hand.
A．set B．sets C．is setting D．was setting
10．（2024·江苏连云港·中考真题）As a Chinese traditional martial art (武术), Taijiquan _________ to more than 150 countries all over the world so far.
A．spreads B．is spreading C．will spread D．has spread
11．（2024·江苏南通·中考真题）—It’s a pity! A music fan like you didn’t go to Nantong Music Festival.
—I knew it ________ several weeks ago. But I was on business.
A．is held B．will be held C．was held D．held
12．（2024·江苏镇江·中考真题）A lot of trees ________ last spring, so we can see more green this year.
A．plant B．are planted C．planted D．were planted
13．（2024·江苏宿迁·中考真题）—A fashion show _______ in our school hall next week.
—Great! I’m looking forward to it!
A．holds B．is held C．was held D．will be held
14．（2024·江苏连云港·中考真题）Robot dogs _________ as volunteers for the first time during the 2023 Asian Games.
A．use B．used C．are used D．were used
15．（2024·江苏南通·中考真题）________ more about rare wild animals, I spent some time searching online last night.
A．To learn B．Learning C．Learned D．Learn
16．（2024·江苏徐州·中考真题）Finishing a meal in 20 to 30 minutes is widely considered as the ideal ________ time.
A．sporting B．shopping C．dressing D．eating
17．（2024·江苏宿迁·中考真题）By reading the public signs, he had no difficulty in _______ the shopping mall.
A．find B．found C．to find D．finding
18．（2024·江苏扬州·中考真题）China has made great efforts ________ other countries build high-speed railways.
A．help B．to help C．helping D．helped
19．（2023·江苏南京·中考真题）When I passed by the music room, Tina ________ the song Auld Lang Syne for the coming school-leavers’ party.
A．has practised B．will practise C．was practising D．is practising
20．（2023·江苏淮安·中考真题）—Su Hai, what will you do for the coming Father’s Day
—I ________ a beautiful card for my father.
A．design B．designed C．will design D．was designing
21．（2023·江苏常州·中考真题）We ________ on the countryside road when a sudden storm hit, so we made our way back.
A．jogged B．were jogging C．have jogged D．will jog
22．（2023·江苏镇江·中考真题）The Youth Ceremony was held successfully! Could you tell me ________
A．who will be the host of it B．in which hall was it held
C．whose show made you the most excited D．that you were encouraged by the speech
23．（2023·江苏镇江·中考真题）—Peter, what were you doing at this time last night
—I ________ chess with my grandfather.
A．play B．was playing C．am playing D．played
24．（2023·江苏镇江·中考真题）There ________ many modern high-speed railways in Jiangsu and they help people travel easily.
A．is B．are C．was D．were
25．（2023·江苏徐州·中考真题）I saw Harry in February and I ________ him since then.
A．didn’t see B．won’t see C．haven’t seen D．don’t see
26．（2023·江苏宿迁·中考真题）— My father and I ________ a lot of photos at the same place in the past ten years.
— Those photos must be your valuable memories.
A．have taken B．will take C．take D．were taking
27．（2023·江苏无锡·中考真题）Hey, Aunt Jenny! It’s you! I didn’t expect you ________ over. What a nice surprise!
A．had come B．have come C．would come D．will come
28．（2023·江苏泰州·中考真题）—Can anyone give me an example of an event in the past
—I can. ________
A．Shenzhou XVI will come back.
B．Quan Hongchan won the gold medal.
C．I am taking the English exam.
D．My classmate is going to watch a film.
29．（2023·江苏扬州·中考真题）While everyone ________ the comics page, I picked up a copy to see what was so funny.
A．is laughing at B．laughed at C．laughs at D．was laughing at
30．（2023·江苏扬州·中考真题）I ________ China for three months and this is the first time I’ve tried on hanfu.
A．have gone to B．have been to C．have arrived in D．have been in
31．（2023·江苏南京·中考真题）45,000 mu of wheat ________ smoothly in Gaochun District last month, forming a busy harvest scene.
A．harvests B．harvested C．is harvested D．was harvested
32．（2023·江苏镇江·中考真题）When I was a pupil, some of my pocket money ________ to buy comic books.
A．use B．is used C．used D．was used
33．（2023·江苏徐州·中考真题）The Monkey King is a traditional Chinese character. It ________ by people of all ages.
A．is loved B．was loved C．will love D．is loving
34．（2023·江苏扬州·中考真题）Sand turns to glass when it ________ by lightning.
A．hits B．is hit C．is hitting D．will be hit
35．（2023·江苏连云港·中考真题）To make the environment much better, more trees ________ next year.
A．plant B．will plant C．are planted D．will be planted
36．（2023·江苏南京·中考真题）During the holiday of the Dragon Boat Festival, many people gather in Mochou Lake Park ________ the dragon boat race.
A．watch B．to watch C．watches D．watched
37．（2023·江苏南通·中考真题）________ healthy, we’ve got used to washing hands before meals and using public chopsticks.
A．Keeping B．Keep C．To keep D．To keeping
38．（2023·江苏镇江·中考真题）Travellers can’t wait ________ their new tours in the coming holiday.
A．to start B．starting C．started D．start
39．（2023·江苏徐州·中考真题）I have decided to go to Beijing and ________ one of my old friends there.
A．visiting B．visited C．visits D．visit
40．（2023·江苏宿迁·中考真题）—Our school will invite Mr. Wang ________ us a talk on environmental protection next week.
—That’s wonderful!
A．give B．to give C．giving D．gave
41．（2023·江苏扬州·中考真题）Science is my favourite subject, so I have prepared ________ the STEAM Club.
A．join B．joining C．to join D．to joining
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)专题03 词法之时态、语态及非谓语动词
目录
题型综述 1
解题攻略 2
时态 2
语态 7
非谓语动词 12
中考练场 17
【题型解读】
初中主要学习的是八种时态，他们分别是，一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来时，现在进行时，过去进行时，现在完成时，过去完成时和过去将来时等八种时态。时态是中考一个非常重要的语法知识点。本专题目的在于归纳一些高频考题及梳理一些解题技巧。以帮助同学们高效复习。被动语态主要考查不同时态的被动语态和情态动词的被动语态。其中以一般过去时的被动语态、一般现在时的被动语态和一般将来时的被动语态为主，其次涉及到含有情态动词的被动语态和现在完成时的被动语态。本专题目的在于归纳一些高频考题及梳理一些解题技巧。以帮助同学们高效复习。
非谓语动词首先是一种动词形式，其次是这种动词形式不能做谓语。非谓语动词包含四种形式，即不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词。非谓语动词一直是英语学习的难点，也是中考的常考点
【命题规律】
1.动词和时态（一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、现在完成时），考查时态往往会涉及到谓语动词，再加上动词短语搭配和非谓语动词也是常考点，动词成为中考语法占比最大的词类。
2.常跟动名词作宾语的动词有：
enjoy喜欢； mind 介意； finish 完成；keep持续； suggest 建议； practice 练习；consider考虑；miss错过；imagine想象；avoid避免； can’t help忍不住；go on 继续；be worth值得； be busy忙于 ; give up放弃；succeed in成功，设法；look forward to期待；be used to习惯于；end up以……结束; put off推迟；pay attention to注意；be interested in对……感兴趣
3.现在分词与过去分词的区别
1).在语态上,现在分词表示主动意义,过去分词表示被动意义。
the surprising news令人惊讶的消息
a surprised man一个感到惊讶的人
a moving film一部感人的电影
the moved people被感动的人们
2）.在时间上,现在分词表示正在进行的动作,过去分词表示已经完成的动作。
the developing country发展中国家
the developed country发达国家
the rising sun正在升起的太阳
the risen sun升起来的太阳
4.易混句式have sb.do sth.,have sb.doing sth.和have sth. done的区别
1）.have sb. do sth.意为“让某人做某事”,have可以用let,make代替。不定式往往表示一次性的具体动作,且强调动作已经完成或尚未发生。
The soldiers had the boy stand with his back to his father.士兵们让这个男孩背对他的父亲站着。
2.have sb. doing sth.表示“使某人作出某种反应”或“劝说/命令某人做某事”;用于否定句时表示“允许/容忍某人做某事”。
Within minutes he had the whole audience laughing and clapping.短短几分钟内他就令全体观众欢笑、鼓掌。
3）.have sth.done意为“让某事被别人做”,即ask sb.else to do sth.,过去分词(done)所表示的动作由他人(非主语本身)来完成。
The driver had his car washed once a week.这个司机一周让人洗一次车。
（一）时态
【考点诠释】
考点 考向 考法/命题角度
一般现在时 一般过去时 考察最多的主要集中在 一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时。 1、动词 come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return, stop 等用一般现在时表将来。这主要表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。 例如：The movie starts at six o’clock and ends at 8 o’clock. 2、在时间或条件句中，一般现在时可以表示将来。 3、注意动词过去式的不规则变化
现在进行时 过去进行时 下列动词的现在进行时可以表示将来。如 go, come, fly, leave, start, begin, arrive 等。 例如：My father is arriving at Beijing airport at 3 p.m. tomorrow.
现在完成时 过去完成时 1、注意现在完成时一些标志词，如：already, just, ever, never, before, yet；since 和 for 2、注意区分瞬间动词与延续动词
一般将来时 过去将来时 1、掌握常见时间状语：the next day 2、在宾语从句中，主句过去时，从句的动作发生某个将来的时间。
【典题举隅】
1．（2024·江苏南通·模拟预测）There ________ a film tonight, isn’t there
A．is B．is going to have C．is going to be D．will be
【答案】C
【详解】句意：今晚有场电影，是吗？
考查there be句型与反意疑问句。there后跟be动词，排除选项B。根据“There...a film tonight”可知，句子时态为一般将来时；根据“isn’t there”可知，结构应是be going to。故选C。
2．（2024·江苏扬州·模拟预测）I will go to the show if I ________ tomorrow.
A．am invited B．will be invited C．invite D．will invite
【答案】A
【详解】句意：如果明天我被邀请，我会去看演出。
考查被动语态。根据“I will go to the show if I... tomorrow.”可知，本句为If引导的条件状语从句，主句为一般将来时，从句通常使用一般现在时来表示将来。从句主语I与谓语动词invite之间是被动关系，需用一般现在时的被动语态，其结构为“be+done”，从句主语为I，be动词用am，故选A。
3．（2025·江苏南通·模拟预测）—Is your dad in
—No, he has ________ out for an hour.
A．has gone B．has gone to C．has been D．has been to
【答案】C
【详解】句意：——你爸爸在家吗？——不在，他已经出去一个小时了。
考查动词时态。 “for an hour”表示一段时间，动词应是持续性的或表示状态的be动词，排除AB；be out“在外面”，固定搭配。故选C。
4．（2024·江苏常州·一模）—Has our son finished his homework yet
—I don’t know, but he ________ it the whole afternoon.
A．was doing B．did C．has done D．will do
【答案】A
【详解】句意：——咱们儿子完成作业了吗？ ——我不知道，但他整个下午都在做这事。
考查动词时态。根据“the whole afternoon”及语境可知，此处强调过去某一段时间一直在做某事，应用过去进行时，其结构为“was/were doing”，主语为he，be动词应用was。故选A。
5．（2024·江苏常州·二模）—I haven’t seen you these days. What are you busy with
—I ________ my English Speech Competition next week.
A．am preparing for B．prepared for C．have prepared for D．will prepare for
【答案】A
【详解】句意：——这些天没见到你。你在忙什么？——我正在为下周的英语演讲比赛做准备。
考查时态。根据问题“What are you busy with ”可知答语应是回答现在正在忙什么，因此答语句子要用现在进行时态。故选A。
6．（2024·江苏宿迁·三模）We ________ by the river side when a sudden storm hit, so we made our way back.
A．walk B．walked C．were walking D．have walked
【答案】C
【详解】句意：当一场突如其来的暴风雨袭来时，我们正走在河边，所以我们回去了。
考查时态。walk一般现在时；walked一般过去时；were walking过去进行时；have walked现在完成时。根据“when a sudden storm hit”可知，从句是一般过去时，所以主句应用过去进行时，表示暴风雨来临时正在发生的事，其构成是“was/were+现在分词”。故选C。
7．（2025·江苏扬州·一模）—Is your father in
—No, he ________ for three hours.
A．has left B．has been out
C．went out D．has gone out
【答案】B
【详解】句意：——你爸爸在家吗？——不，他出去三个小时了。
考查现在完成时。has left离开(现在完成时)；has been out出去(现在完成时)；went out出去(一般过去时)；has gone out出去(现在完成时)。根据“for three hours”，可知此处需使用现在完成时，且搭配持续性动词，leave，go out都是瞬间动词。故选B。
8．（2024·江苏南京·三模）In China, you can see people playing basketball in parks, schools and even factories. Basketball ______ a popular sport to play and watch.
A．has become B．was becoming C．will become D．became
【答案】A
【详解】句意：在中国，你可以看到人们在公园、学校甚至工厂打篮球。篮球已经成为一项受欢迎的运动。
考查动词时态。根据“In China, you can see people playing basketball in parks, schools and even factories. Basketball .... a popular sport to play and watch.”可知，此处是介绍篮球对现在的影响，并且动作已经完成，所以用现在完成时，现在完成时的结构是“have/has+动词的过去分词”构成，并且此句主语Basketball是单数形式，所以助动词用has，become“成为”的过去分词还是become，故选A。
9．（2024·江苏徐州·一模）—Tom’s father is really busy recently. He often works late at the hospital before coming home.
—Yes. By the time he arrived home last night, Tom ______ asleep.
A．had fallen B．fell C．has fallen D．falls
【答案】A
【详解】句意：——汤姆的父亲最近真的很忙，他经常在医院工作到很晚才回家。——对，昨晚他到家时，汤姆已经睡着了。
考查过去完成时。由“By the time he arrived home last night”可知，从句是“by the time+一般过去时”，主句用过去完成时，表示“过去的过去”。过去完成时结构为“had+动词的过去分词”，fall的过去分词是fallen，故选A。
10．（2024·江苏无锡·三模）China Mobile expected that the number of 5G mobile connections in China ________ one billion by the year 2025.
A．will reach B．would reach C．had reached D．has reached
【答案】B
【详解】句意：中国移动预计，到2025年，中国5G移动连接数量将达到10亿。
考查时态。根据“by the year 2025”可知，要用将来时，宾语从句的主句是一般过去时，所以此处用过去将来时。故选B。
11．（2024·江苏无锡·二模）The president promised he himself ________ the opening ceremony.
A．attended B．had attended C．would attend D．will attend
【答案】C
【详解】句意：总统答应亲自出席开幕式。
考查动词的时态。根据“promised”可知，此处表示从过去某一时间看将要发生的事情，应该用过去将来时。故选C。
12．（2024·江苏镇江·二模）—Have you ever been to Shanghai
—Of course. Actually, I ________ there for six years but now I live in Zhenjiang.
A．worked B．was working C．would work D．have worked
【答案】A
【详解】句意：—— 你去过上海吗？ —— 当然。实际上，我曾在那里工作了六年，但现在我住在镇江。
考查一般过去时。根据“but now I live in Zhenjiang.”可知，虽然在上海居住过六年，但是未持续到现在，是过去发生的事情，用一般过去时。故选A。
13．（2024·江苏扬州·二模）—Would you like to see the film Boonie Bears: Time Twist with me tomorrow
—Sorry. I ________ it with my parents the other day.
A．watch B．watched C．will watcb D．am watching
【答案】B
【详解】句意：——明天你愿意和我一起观看电影《之逆转时空》吗？——抱歉，前几天我和我的父母一起看过了。
考查一般过去时。由“the other day”可知事情发生在过去，应用一般过去时。故选B。
14．（2024·江苏宿迁·三模）—Do you think ________ more pollution in a few years
—Yes! So we must do something to save the earth.
A．there is B．there will have C．there are D．there will be
【答案】D
【详解】句意：——你认为几年后污染会更严重吗？——是的！所以我们必须做些什么来拯救地球。
考查there be句型的一般将来时。there be“有”，不与have连用，排除B选项；根据“in a few years”可知，时态为一般将来时，there be与一般将来时连用，结构为there will be。故选D。
15．（2024·江苏徐州·二模）Li Guang su, a 36-year-old astronauts, ________ to the Dongfeng landing site in late October this year.
A．returns B．returned C．will return D．has returned
【答案】C
【详解】句意：36岁的宇航员李广苏将于今年10月下旬返回东风着陆点。
考查时态。根据“in late October this year”可知句子是一般将来时。故选C。
（二）被动语态
【考点诠释】
被动语态结构： 一般现在时 一般过去时 一般将来时 过去将来时 现在进行时 过去进行时 现在完成时 过去完成时 带情态动词 The article is written (by her). The article was written (by her). The article will be written (by her). Our teacher said the article would be written (by her). The article is being written (by her). The article was being written (by her). The article has been written (by her). The teacher said the article had been written (by her). The article might be written by her.
还原to 使役动词make /let /have及感官动词hear ,see ,find ,watch, feel, etc的特殊用法 1. Mother often makes me do some housework. →I am often made to do some housework by mother. 2. We saw him run into the classroom. →He was seen to run into the classroom by us.
主动表被动： 1. 不及物动词write, sell, wash, open, lock, read, clean, cut, burn, drive，prove, grow（长得），而且主语为物 2. 大多数系动词：be ,feel (摸起来)，sound(听起来)，look(看起来)，smell(闻起来) ，taste（尝起来）, become, fall (asleep), get, keep, remain, seem, stay, turn, grow (变得), appear (呈现) 等 3. 在need/ want/ require doing或be worth doing句型中 1. This kind of shoes sells well.这种鞋子很好卖。 2. This skirt washes easily. 这件裙子很容易洗。 3. The pen writes well.这支钢笔很好写。 4. Ｔhe skirt feels very soft. 这件裙子摸起来很柔软。 5. The mooncakes taste delicious.(这些月饼尝起来很好吃。) 6. My watch needs mending. = My watch needs to be mended. need/want/require doing = need/want/require to be done 7. The book is worth reading. (这本书值得一读。)
没有被动语态的词: 1. vi.: happen (= take place), break out(爆发)，break down(坏了), result from(缘于)，belong to, consist of, come true, come out，die ,disappear, end (vi. 结束), fail, last, lie, remain, sit, spread（传播）, stand, etc. 2.vt.: cost, fit, have, suit等 3.vt.: 带同源宾语，宾语为反身代词，相互代词 4. vt.: 宾语为不定式或doing 1.The film lasted for 3 hours. 2. Many changes have happened in our hometown. 3. His dream has come true. 4. My photos will come out tomorrow. 5. This car costs 100,000 dollars. 6. We will have a meeting. (但hold a meeting 可以改被动)。 7. She dreamed a bad dream last night. 8. The man introduced himself to everyone. 9. They help each other study English. 10. She likes to swim. 11. She enjoys watching TV.
辨认是否为被动语态 “be+过去分词”有时不能表示被动语态,而只能是系表结构。被动语态表示主语为动作的承受者，而系表结构则表示主语的特点或所处的状态。 1. He is pleased / worried / tired /…(系表结构)(他高兴/焦虑/疲劳……) 2. The door was closed last night. (系表结构，强调状态) 3. The door was closed by Tom last night. （被动语态，强调动作）
【典题举隅】
1．（2024·江苏徐州·三模）To make our beloved city much greener, more trees ________ in the next few years.
A．plant B．will plant C．will be planted D．are planted
【答案】C
【详解】句意：为了让我们心爱的城市更加绿意盎然，在接下来的几年里将会种植更多的树木。
考查动词时态和语态。plant是一般现在时；will plant是一般将来时；will be planted是一般将来时的被动语态；are planted是一般现在时的被动语态。根据“in the next few years”可知，该句时态为一般将来时，主语“more trees”和动词plant之间是被动关系，要用一般将来时的被动语态，结构为“will be+过去分词”。故选C。
2．（2024·江苏南通·模拟预测）—Music and art enter the Entrance Examination for the high school, is it true
—Yes. But don’t worry. Nothing will be difficult if more attention ________ to them.
A．is paid B．will be paid C．pays D．will pay
【答案】A
【详解】句意：——音乐和艺术进入高中入学考试，是真的吗？——对。但别担心。如果更多地关注它们，没有什么会是困难的。
考查时态及语态。if引导的条件状语从句遵循“主将从现”原则，从句用一般现在时，主语more attention与pay为逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用一般现在时的被动语态“am/is/are done”。故选A。
3．（2024·江苏南京·二模）I like shopping online because when my order is ready, the things I want ________ to me soon.
A．send B．was sent
C．are sending D．will be sent
【答案】D
【详解】句意：我喜欢网上购物，因为当我的订单准备好时，我想要的东西很快就会寄给我。
考查动词时态。根据soon“很快，不久”可知，时态为一般将来时，主语the things和动词send之间是被动关系，用被动语态，所以要填入一般将来时的被动语态，结构为“will be done”。故选D。
4．（2024·江苏南京·三模）—What is your favourite TV programme this year, Li Hua
—I think Readers that ________ by CCTV.
A．is held B．are held
C．is holding D．held
【答案】A
【详解】句意：——李华，今年你最喜欢的电视节目是什么？——我认为是中央电视台举办的《朗读者》。
考查动词的时态和语态。Readers是一个节目名称，作主语且是单数形式，和动词之间是被动关系，此处需与动词“hold”构成被动关系，结构为is held。故选A。
5．（2024·江苏扬州·二模）The ChatGPT has influenced us a lot since its data model ________ the year before.
A．makes B．made C．is made D．was made
【答案】D
【详解】句意：自从ChatGPT的数据模型在一年前创建以来，它对我们产生了很大的影响。
考查时态和语态。makes一般现在时，三单形式；made一般过去时，过去式；is made一般现在时的被动语态，被创建；was made一般过去时的被动语态，被创建。主语“data model”和动词make之间是被动关系，需用被动语态，排除AB项；分析句子可知，本句使用了“现在完成时+since+一般过去时”的句式结构，since引导的从句需用一般过去时。故排除C。故选D。
6．（2024·江苏镇江·二模）Different reading spaces ________ in my neighbourhood recently to improve people’s reading environments.
A．have created B．have been created C．created D．were created
【答案】B
【详解】句意：最近，为了改善人们的阅读环境，我所在的社区创建了不同的阅读空间。
考查时态和语态。主语Different reading spaces和谓语create之间是被动关系，根据“recently”可知句子用现在完成时的被动语态have/has done。故选B。
7．（2025·江苏南通·模拟预测）I will go to the show if I ________ tomorrow.
A．am invited B．will be invited C．invite D．will invite
【答案】A
【详解】句意：如果明天我被邀请，我会去看演出。
考查被动语态。根据“I will go to the show if I... tomorrow.”可知，本句为If引导的条件状语从句，主句为一般将来时，从句通常使用一般现在时来表示将来。从句主语I与谓语动词invite之间是被动关系，需用一般现在时的被动语态，其结构为“be+done”，从句主语为I，be动词用am，故选A。
8．（2024·江苏宿迁·一模）—What ______ to you, Jack
—I ______ by an e-bike and hurt my arms.
A．took place; hit B．happened; hit C．took place; was hit D．happened; was hit
【答案】D
【详解】句意：——你怎么了，杰克？——我被一辆电动自行车撞了，胳膊受伤了。
考查动词辨析和动词语态。happen发生，强调偶然性；take place发生，多强调按照计划发生的事情。根据“What…to you, Jack ”以及“by an e-bike and hurt my arms.”可知，是对偶然发生的意外提问，what happened to you“你怎么了”为固定表达，因此填过去式happened；根据“I…by an e-bike”可知，应该是被撞了，应该填一般过去时的被动语态was hit。故选D。
9．（2024·江苏泰州·二模）The medal-winning athletes _________ to share their achievements with thousands of fans during the coming Olympics in Paris.
A．were invited B．will invite C．will be invited D．have invited
【答案】C
【详解】句意：在即将到来的巴黎奥运会上，获得奖牌的运动员将被邀请与成千上万的粉丝们分享他们的成就。
考查时态及语态。根据“The medal-winning athletes ... to share their achievements”可知，主语The medal-winning athletes与invite之间是动宾关系，因此用被动语态；结合“during the coming Olympics in Paris.”可知，时态是一般将来时。因此空处为一般将来时的被动语态will be done。故选C。
10．（2024·江苏宿迁·三模）—Horse-Face Skirt lovers can ________ walking down the street in many cities.
—Well, wearing the kind of skirt shows their love for Chinese culture.
A．find B．found C．be found D．finding
【答案】C
【详解】句意：——在许多城市的大街上，都能找到爱穿马面裙的人。——嗯，穿这种裙子显示了他们对中国文化的热爱。
考查被动语态。分析题干可知，主语Horse-Face Skirt lovers和动词find“发现”之间是被动关系，应用含有情态动词can的被动语态结构，故选C。
11．（2024·江苏宿迁·一模）More mistakes ________ and corrected if you go over the paper carefully for the second time.
A．are found B．have been found C．can be found D．will find
【答案】C
【详解】句意：如果你再认真检查一遍试卷，更多的错误会被发现并得到纠正。
考查条件状语从句和含情态动词的被动语态。根据if可知，本句为条件状语从句，符合“主将从现、主情从现”原则，即主句为一般将来时或含有情态动词，从句为一般现在时。本句中mistakes和find之间存在被动关系，应用被动语态，因此主句应使用一般将来时的被动语态或含情态动词的被动语态。故选C。
12．（2024·江苏连云港·二模）Don’t worry, Lisa. These posters ________ by Sandy tomorrow afternoon.
A．design B．will design C．are designed D．will be designed
【答案】D
【详解】句意：别担心，丽莎。这些海报将于明天下午由桑迪设计。
考查一般将来时的被动语态。根据“tomorrow afternoon”可知，此处应用一般将来时；主语“These posters”和动词“design”之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，所以此处要用一般将来时的被动语态“will be done”。故选D。
（三）非谓语动词
【考点诠释】
考点 考向 考法/命题角度
不定式 非谓语动词基本用法，及非谓语一般形式；主要考点为动词不定式和动名词，分词少有涉及。 需使用不定式做宾语的动词；省去to 的不定式作宾补的动词；不定式做表语。
动名词 一些常接动名词做宾语的动词及句型
分词 现在分词与过去分词做表语区别
动词不定式
1.作表语；2.信号词：wish, hope, dream, work, task, duty, ambition, etc. etc. 1. My wish is to become a teacher. 2. The first thing I want to do is to visit my grandfather.
作定语 (后置) I have nothing ___________ (send) you. We must never miss the chance _______( show) love for our parents. 1. I have nothing to say about that thing. 2. Sorry, I can’t go with you; I have a lot of clothes to wash. 3. China is the third country to send its astronauts into the space.
作宾语及宾补 want/promise/manage/plan/expect decide/choose/refuse/pretend to do sth. make/ let/ have sb. do sth. (注：被动带to) ask/ tell/ order /enable/allow/encourage sb. to do sth. warn sb. not to do sth. would like to do 5. had better (not)do 1. Alice wanted to get another cup of coffee. 2. He told me to be here on time. 3. Our parents often tell us not to swim alone in the river in summer. 4. Paul doesn't have to be made to learn_. He always works hard. 5. You’d better _________(try) this medicine.
作状语 不定式常在句子里作目的、原因和结果状语 如：in order to; so as to He ran so fast as to catch the first bus. （目的状语） He searched the room only to find nothing. （结果状语） I'm glad to see you. （原因状语）
动词不定式与疑问词连用 (1) He doesn’t know how to use the machine. (不定式作宾语) (2) How to use the machine is a question. (不定式作主语) (3) The question is when to go there. (不定式作表语) (4). The menu has so many good things! I can’t decide which to eat.
不定式的特殊句型： 1.句型：too…to…：太…而不能… 2.句型：be + adj + enough + to do sth.足以做 … 3.句型：It's + adj. + for sb to do sth 4.句型：Why not +动词原形"表达向某人提出建议，翻译为："为什么不…… " 5. 句型：so as (not) to do: 表示目的 6.不定式的否定形式，如:warn sb not to do/never to/in order not to/so as not to等 7..比较：used to do/be used to doing 8..比较：It takes…to do/sb spends…doing He is too excited to speak. The child is old enough to go to schooll. Why not take a holiday Go in quietly so as not to wake the baby. 1. The box is too heavy for me ____ it. A. carrying B. carries C. carry D. to carry 2.We are often told _____at people in trouble. A. not to smile B. to smile C. not to laugh D. to laugh 3.Yesterday morning I got up early________ be late for the exam. in order to B. in order to not C. so as not to D. so as to
动名词
动名词做宾语 1.信号词：enjoy, keep, mind, finish, practice/ practise; deny; imagine; risk; consider; admit; forgive, avoid; escape; 2. 词组：give up/ be good at/do well in/ can't help/ keep on/feel like/ be used to/refer to/pay attention to/ devote oneself to/get used to/look forward to/ succeed in/ be worth 3.how about/what about +doing 4.prefer doing….to doing /prefer to do....rather than do 5.介词后面+doing 6.固定搭配：go shopping/go dancing/go swimming 1. Mary and I enjoy playing badminton. 2.It's a bit cold. Would you mind my closing all the windows 3.The new term is coming. They are busy cleaning the classrooms 4.—Mum, I’m hungry. —What about _____(go) to McDonald’s eating fried chicken 5. Knives are used for _________(cut) things.
动名词做主语及表语 Walking is good exercise. 走路是很好的运动 My favorite sport is swimming. 我最喜欢的运动是游泳
现在分词
感官动词+sb.+doing see, hear, find, smell, watch, find, listen to, look at, notice, observe I heard someone knocking at the door. I saw him dancing in the hall yesterday. There we found him watching TV.
【典题举隅】
1．（2025·江苏南通·模拟预测）They contacted all the teachers they can turn to ________ their son ________ games in the dorm.
A．to prevent ; playing B．to prevent ; to play
C．preventing ; to play D．preventing ; playing
【答案】A
【详解】句意：他们联系了所有他们能求助的老师，以防止他们的儿子在宿舍里玩游戏。
考查非谓语动词。由“They contacted all the teachers they can turn to...their son...games”可知，此句指联系老师的目的是为了阻止儿子玩游戏，第一空需用不定式表目的；由“prevent”可知，prevent sb. doing“阻止某人做某事”，第二空用动名词。故选A。
2．（2023·江苏常州·一模）Sherlock Holmes is a careful detective. No detail is ________ escape (逃脱) his attention.
A．too small to B．so small that C．not small enough D．as small as
【答案】A
【详解】句意：夏洛克·福尔摩斯是个细心的侦探。任何细节都不能逃过他的注意。
考查too...to的用法。too small to do太小而不能；so small that如此小以至于，其后接从句；not small enough不够小，enough之后跟动词不定式；as small as和……一样小。根据“escape(逃脱) his attention.”可知任何小的细节都逃脱不了他的注意，用结构too adj. to do sth.。故选A。
3．（2025·江苏宿迁·一模）I saw my computer teacher ________ a broken computer in his office at 7 p.m. yesterday.
A．repair B．to repair C．repairing D．to repair
【答案】C
【详解】句意：昨天晚上7点，我看到我的计算机老师在他的办公室里修理一台坏电脑。
考查非谓语动词。see sb. do sth. 表示“看见某人做了某事”，强调看见事情发生的全过程；see sb. doing sth. 表示 “看见某人正在做某事”，强调动作正在进行。句中时间点“at 7 p.m. yesterday”表明在这个特定时间点，老师 “修理电脑” 的动作正在进行，所以用see sb. doing sth. 的结构，故选C。
4．（2014·江苏无锡·二模）—You don’t know what great difficulty I had ________ to get the two tickets.
—But the film is really worth _________twice.
A．managing; seeing B．to manage; seeing
C．managing; being seen D．managed; to be seen
【答案】A
【详解】句意：——你不知道我费了多大的劲才弄到两张票。——但这电影真的值得看两遍。
考查非谓语动词。have difficulty (in) doing sth“做某事有困难”，be worth doing sth“值得去做某事”，都是固定短语，所以两个空都用动名词作宾语；第二空通常使用主动形式 “seeing”来表示被动意义，即这部电影值得被看。故填A。
5．（2024·江苏南京·三模）The ORBIS doctors did everything ________ the girl with eye problems.
A．save B．saved C．to save D．saving
【答案】C
【详解】句意：为了拯救这名眼部有疾病的女孩子，ORBIS的医生们做了一切。
考查非谓语动词。根据“did everything”可知，医生们做了一切的目的是救这名女孩子，不定式表示目的。故选C。
6．（2024·江苏连云港·三模）________ more about Chinese culture, Jack has decided to take Chinese folk music as his second course.
A．Learning B．Learned C．To learn D．Learn
【答案】C
【详解】句意：为了了解更多的中国文化，杰克决定将中国民族音乐作为他的第二课程。
考查非谓语动词。Learning学习，动名词；Learned过去分词；To learn动词不定式；Learn动词原形。根据“...more about Chinese culture”可知，学习中国民族音乐的目的是为了了解更多的中国文化，因此用不定式作目的状语。故选C。
7．（2024·江苏泰州·三模）Lucy had few close friends at school, so she didn’t know ________ about the trouble.
A．who to talk B．who to talk to C．who to say D．what to talk
【答案】B
【详解】句意：露西在学校没有几个亲密的朋友，所以她不知道该向谁倾诉她的烦恼。
考查疑问词+不定式结构。talk谈论；talk to和……交谈；say说，后接说话内容。根据“she didn’t know ... about the trouble”可知，此处指关于她的烦恼，她不知道该和谁交谈，who to talk to符合题意。故选B。
8．（2024·江苏南通·二模）The sun was shining brightly, ________ everything there look more beautiful.
A．making B．to make C．and make D．and making
【答案】A
【详解】句意：太阳明亮地照耀着，使那里的一切看起来更加美丽。
考查非谓语动词。根据“The sun was shining brightly”可知，逻辑主语与句子主语一致，且逻辑主语与make之间为主动关系，故用现在分词形式做状语，表达“让那里的一切看起来更加美丽”。故选A。
9．（2024·江苏·二模）_________ more true friends, remember that love and communication between people is a two-way street.
A．Made B．Making C．Make D．To make
【答案】D
【详解】句意：要想交到更多真正的朋友，请记住人与人之间的爱和交流是相互的。
考查非谓语动词。分析题干可知，为了交到更多真正的朋友，需要记住人与人之间的爱和交流是双向的，应用动词不定式表目的，故选D。
10．（2024·江苏南通·二模）________ the speed in the coming race, the marathon lover practises running every day.
A．Improve B．Improves C．Improving D．To improve
【答案】D
【详解】句意：为了在即将到来的比赛中提高速度，这位马拉松爱好者每天都练习跑步。
考查动词不定式作目的状语。根据“the speed in the coming race”可知，为了之后能提高速度，所以每天练习，空处用动词不定式。故选D。
1．（2024·江苏淮安·中考真题）—Mum, I ________ the living room already.
—Good job! It is so tidy now.
A．have cleaned B．will clean C．am cleaning D．clean
【答案】A
【详解】句意：——妈妈，我已经打扫了客厅。——干得好！现在很整洁。
考查时态。根据“already”以及“It is so tidy now.”可知此处表示过去的动作对现在的影响，用现在完成时have/has done。故选A。
2．（2024·江苏徐州·中考真题）If you are lazy in spring, you ________ nothing in autumn.
A．harvested B．will harvest C．are harvesting D．have harvested
【答案】B
【详解】句意：如果你在春天懒惰，秋天你将一无所获。
考查动词时态。If引导的条件状语从句，遵循“主将从现”的原则，主句需用一般将来时，其谓语动词结构为“will do”。故选B。
3．（2024·江苏镇江·中考真题）So far, some of the dialects (方言) ________ in use for thousands of years. They are full of local color.
A．were B．are C．have been D．will be
【答案】C
【详解】句意：到目前为止，一些方言已经使用了数千年。它们充满了地方色彩。
考查动词时态。根据句中的时间状语“so far”可知，句子应用现在完成时，排除A、B和D选项。故选C。
4．（2024·江苏宿迁·中考真题）To make our hometown more beautiful, we _______ many trees and flowers every year.
A．plant B．are planting C．planted D．were planting
【答案】A
【详解】句意：为了使我们的家乡更美丽，我们每年都种很多树和花。
考查时态。根据“every year”可知，是一般现在时，主语是we，动词用原形，故选A。
5．（2022·江苏南京·中考真题）—Where is Kate
—On the playground. She _______ at the moment.
A．runs B．will run C．is running D．was running
【答案】C
【详解】句意：——Kate在哪？——在操场上。她此刻在跑步。
考查动词时态。run跑步，是一个动词。由语境可知，Kate目前在操场上正在跑步，因此现在进行时“is running”表示当前正在进行的动作。故选C。
6．（2024·江苏无锡·中考真题）Hey, John! What’s up I ________ a shower when you called.
A．had taken B．have taken C．was taking D．am taking
【答案】C
【详解】句意：嗨，约翰！有什么事吗？你打电话的时候我正在洗澡。
考查过去进行时。根据“I...a shower when you called.”可知，强调在过去的某个时间点正在发生的动作，用过去进行时。故选C。
7．（2024·江苏扬州·中考真题）Since I was born, my family ________ in the same flat.
A．live B．will live C．are living D．have lived
【答案】D
【详解】句意：自从我出生以来，我的家人就住在同一套公寓里。
考查时态。根据“Since I was born”可知主句用现在完成时have/has done。故选D。
8．（2024·江苏扬州·中考真题）As we all know, the Yangtze River ________ as a “mother river” of the Chinese nation.
A．knows B．knew C．is known D．was known
【答案】C
【详解】句意：众所周知，长江被誉为中华民族的“母亲河”。
考查动词时态。长江是中华民族的“母亲河”，本句阐述事实，应为一般现在时。be known as“被称为，被认为是”，固定短语。故选C。
9．（2024·江苏扬州·中考真题）Look! My sister ________ the table. Let’s give her a hand.
A．set B．sets C．is setting D．was setting
【答案】C
【详解】句意：看！我姐姐正在摆桌子。让我们帮她一把。
考查动词时态。根据“Look”可知，姐姐正在摆桌子，动作正在发生，应为现在进行时。故选C。
10．（2024·江苏连云港·中考真题）As a Chinese traditional martial art (武术), Taijiquan _________ to more than 150 countries all over the world so far.
A．spreads B．is spreading C．will spread D．has spread
【答案】D
【详解】句意：太极拳作为中国传统武术，迄今已传播到世界150多个国家。
考查动词时态。根据“so far”可知，时态是现在完成时，结构是have/has done。故选D。
11．（2024·江苏南通·中考真题）—It’s a pity! A music fan like you didn’t go to Nantong Music Festival.
—I knew it ________ several weeks ago. But I was on business.
A．is held B．will be held C．was held D．held
【答案】C
【详解】句意：——太可惜了！像你这样的乐迷没有去南通音乐节。——我知道这是几周前举行的。但我是出差。
考查时态和语态。主语it指代“南通音乐节”，和谓语hold“举办”之间是被动关系，根据“several weeks ago”可知此处用一般过去时的被动语态was/were done。故选C。
12．（2024·江苏镇江·中考真题）A lot of trees ________ last spring, so we can see more green this year.
A．plant B．are planted C．planted D．were planted
【答案】D
【详解】句意：去年春天种了很多树，所以今年我们可以看到更多的绿色。
考查一般过去时的被动语态。根据“last spring”可知，动作发生在过去，且“trees”与“plant”之间是动宾关系，需用被动语态。故选D。
13．（2024·江苏宿迁·中考真题）—A fashion show _______ in our school hall next week.
—Great! I’m looking forward to it!
A．holds B．is held C．was held D．will be held
【答案】D
【详解】句意：——下周我们学校大礼堂将举办一场时装秀。——太棒了！我很期待。
考查时态和语态。主语A fashion show和谓语hold之间是被动关系，根据“next week”可知此处用一般将来时的被动语态will be done。故选D。
14．（2024·江苏连云港·中考真题）Robot dogs _________ as volunteers for the first time during the 2023 Asian Games.
A．use B．used C．are used D．were used
【答案】D
【详解】句意：2023年亚运会期间，机器狗首次被用作志愿者。
考查时态和语态。主语Robot dogs和谓语use之间是被动关系，根据“during the 2023 Asian Games.”可知此处用一般过去时的被动语态was/were done。故选D。
15．（2024·江苏南通·中考真题）________ more about rare wild animals, I spent some time searching online last night.
A．To learn B．Learning C．Learned D．Learn
【答案】A
【详解】句意：为了了解更多关于珍稀野生动物的信息，我昨晚花了一些时间在网上搜索。
考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，“昨晚花了一些时间在网上搜索信息”的目的是“了解更多关于珍稀野生动物的信息”，作目的状语用动词不定式。故选A。
16．（2024·江苏徐州·中考真题）Finishing a meal in 20 to 30 minutes is widely considered as the ideal ________ time.
A．sporting B．shopping C．dressing D．eating
【答案】D
【详解】句意：在20到30分钟内吃完一顿饭被普遍认为是理想的吃饭时间。
考查动名词辨析。sporting体育运动；shopping购物；dressing穿衣服；eating吃。根据“Finishing a meal in 20 to 30 minutes”可知，是指吃饭的时间。故选D。
17．（2024·江苏宿迁·中考真题）By reading the public signs, he had no difficulty in _______ the shopping mall.
A．find B．found C．to find D．finding
【答案】D
【详解】句意：通过阅读公共标志，他毫不费力地找到了购物中心。
考查动名词作宾语。have difficulty in doing sth“做某事有困难”。故选D。
18．（2024·江苏扬州·中考真题）China has made great efforts ________ other countries build high-speed railways.
A．help B．to help C．helping D．helped
【答案】B
【详解】句意：中国为帮助其他国家建设高速铁路做出了巨大努力。
考查非谓语动词。make great efforts to do sth.“努力做某事”，应用动词不定式。故选B。
19．（2023·江苏南京·中考真题）When I passed by the music room, Tina ________ the song Auld Lang Syne for the coming school-leavers’ party.
A．has practised B．will practise C．was practising D．is practising
【答案】C
【详解】句意：当我经过音乐室时，Tina正在为即将到来的毕业晚会练习《友谊地久天长》。
考查过去进行时。根据“When I passed by the music room, Tina ... the song Auld Lang Syne for the coming school-leavers’ party.”可知，强调在过去某个时刻正在做某事，用过去进行时。故选C。
20．（2023·江苏淮安·中考真题）—Su Hai, what will you do for the coming Father’s Day
—I ________ a beautiful card for my father.
A．design B．designed C．will design D．was designing
【答案】C
【详解】句意：——苏海，在即将到来的父亲节你会做什么？——我将为我父亲设计一张漂亮的卡片。
考查时态。根据“for the coming Father’s Day”可知动作还未发生，用一般将来时will do。故选C。
21．（2023·江苏常州·中考真题）We ________ on the countryside road when a sudden storm hit, so we made our way back.
A．jogged B．were jogging C．have jogged D．will jog
【答案】B
【详解】句意：我们在乡间小路上慢跑时，突然刮起了暴风雨，于是我们往回走。
考查时态。根据“when a sudden storm hit”可知是当暴风雨时，正在慢跑，用过去进行时was/were doing。故选B。
22．（2023·江苏镇江·中考真题）The Youth Ceremony was held successfully! Could you tell me ________
A．who will be the host of it B．in which hall was it held
C．whose show made you the most excited D．that you were encouraged by the speech
【答案】C
【详解】句意：青年盛典成功举行！你能告诉我谁的节目让你最兴奋吗？
考查宾语从句。分析句子可知，空格处应为宾语从句，从句应为陈述语序，排除B选项。根据“was held”可知，事情发生在过去，应为过去时态，排除A选项。“Could you tell me…”是疑问句，D选项由that引导从句，表陈述语气，故排除。故选C。
23．（2023·江苏镇江·中考真题）—Peter, what were you doing at this time last night
—I ________ chess with my grandfather.
A．play B．was playing C．am playing D．played
【答案】B
【详解】句意：——彼得，你昨晚这个时候在做什么？——我在和我的祖父下棋。
考查动词时态。根据“at this time last night”可知，此处指过去的某一时刻正在做的事情，应为过去进行时。故选B。
24．（2023·江苏镇江·中考真题）There ________ many modern high-speed railways in Jiangsu and they help people travel easily.
A．is B．are C．was D．were
【答案】B
【详解】句意：江苏有许多现代化的高速铁路，它们帮助人们方便地出行。
考查there be。句子主语railways是复数，be动词用复数形式，排除AC。根据后句可知，句子是一般现在时，be动词用are。故选B。
25．（2023·江苏徐州·中考真题）I saw Harry in February and I ________ him since then.
A．didn’t see B．won’t see C．haven’t seen D．don’t see
【答案】C
【详解】句意：我在二月份见过哈利，从那以后就再也没见过他。
考查动词时态。根据“since then”可知，时态应为现在完成时，结构是have/has done。故选C。
26．（2023·江苏宿迁·中考真题）— My father and I ________ a lot of photos at the same place in the past ten years.
— Those photos must be your valuable memories.
A．have taken B．will take C．take D．were taking
【答案】A
【详解】句意：——在过去的十年里，我和父亲在同一个地方拍了很多照片。——那些照片一定是你珍贵的回忆。
考查动词时态。根据“in the past ten years”可知，此处是现在完成时，结构是have/has done。故选A。
27．（2023·江苏无锡·中考真题）Hey, Aunt Jenny! It’s you! I didn’t expect you ________ over. What a nice surprise!
A．had come B．have come C．would come D．will come
【答案】C
【详解】句意：嘿，珍妮阿姨！是你！我没想到你会过来。多么惊喜啊！
考查动词时态。由“didn’t expect”可知，主句时态是一般过去时，则从句也应为过去时态。“来”的动作发生在将来，应为将来时，故空格处为过去将来时，结构是would do。故选C。
28．（2023·江苏泰州·中考真题）—Can anyone give me an example of an event in the past
—I can. ________
A．Shenzhou XVI will come back.
B．Quan Hongchan won the gold medal.
C．I am taking the English exam.
D．My classmate is going to watch a film.
【答案】B
【详解】句意：——谁能给我举一个过去的例子？——我可以。全红婵赢得金牌。
考查时态。根据“in the past”可知，此处需要一般过去时，故选B。
29．（2023·江苏扬州·中考真题）While everyone ________ the comics page, I picked up a copy to see what was so funny.
A．is laughing at B．laughed at C．laughs at D．was laughing at
【答案】D
【详解】句意：当每个人都在笑漫画页时，我拿起一本，想看看是什么这么好笑。
考查动词时态。laugh at“嘲笑”，本文是while引导的时间状语从句，强调从句动作正在进行时主句动作发生，结合“I picked up a copy”可知，从句时态用过去进行时（was/were doing），故选D。
30．（2023·江苏扬州·中考真题）I ________ China for three months and this is the first time I’ve tried on hanfu.
A．have gone to B．have been to C．have arrived in D．have been in
【答案】D
【详解】句意：我来中国三个月了，这是我第一次穿汉服。
考查动词短语。have gone to去了（而且现在还在）某地；have been to去过了（而现在没在）某地； have arrived in已经到了，短暂性动词； have been in（现在）在某地。根据“for three months”可知，应是在中国三个月了，且应与延续性动词连用，故选D。
31．（2023·江苏南京·中考真题）45,000 mu of wheat ________ smoothly in Gaochun District last month, forming a busy harvest scene.
A．harvests B．harvested C．is harvested D．was harvested
【答案】D
【详解】句意：上个月，高淳区小麦顺利收获4.5万亩，形成了一片繁忙的收获景象。
考查被动语态。根据“last month”可知，此句是一般过去时，主语“45,000 mu of wheat”与动词harvest之间是被动关系，此处用一般过去时被动语态，故选D。
32．（2023·江苏镇江·中考真题）When I was a pupil, some of my pocket money ________ to buy comic books.
A．use B．is used C．used D．was used
【答案】D
【详解】句意：当我还是个学生的时候，我的一些零花钱被用来买漫画书。
考查被动语态。分析题干可知，主语pocket money和动词use之间是被动关系，结合“When I was a pupil”可知，应用一般过去时的被动语态，故选D。
33．（2023·江苏徐州·中考真题）The Monkey King is a traditional Chinese character. It ________ by people of all ages.
A．is loved B．was loved C．will love D．is loving
【答案】A
【详解】句意：孙悟空是中国的一个传统人物。它受到所有年龄段的人的喜爱。
考查被动语态及动词时态。根据“by”可知，此处是被动语态，指孙悟空被人们喜爱。本句陈述事实，故为一般现在时。故选A。
34．（2023·江苏扬州·中考真题）Sand turns to glass when it ________ by lightning.
A．hits B．is hit C．is hitting D．will be hit
【答案】B
【详解】句意：沙子被闪电击中会变成玻璃。
考查语态。句子主语it指代的是“Sand”，与动词hit之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，陈述事实用一般现在时，故选B。
35．（2023·江苏连云港·中考真题）To make the environment much better, more trees ________ next year.
A．plant B．will plant C．are planted D．will be planted
【答案】D
【详解】句意：为了使环境更好，明年将种植更多的树。
考查一般将来时被动语态。主语more trees与动词plant之间被动关系，结合next year可知，此处用一般将来时被动语态will be done的结构，故选D。
36．（2023·江苏南京·中考真题）During the holiday of the Dragon Boat Festival, many people gather in Mochou Lake Park ________ the dragon boat race.
A．watch B．to watch C．watches D．watched
【答案】B
【详解】句意：端午节假期期间，许多人聚集在莫愁湖公园观看龙舟比赛。
考查非谓语动词。根据“many people gather in Mochou Lake Park ... the dragon boat race”可知聚集在莫愁湖公园是为了观看龙舟比赛，表示目的“为了观看”，用“to watch”，故选B。
37．（2023·江苏南通·中考真题）________ healthy, we’ve got used to washing hands before meals and using public chopsticks.
A．Keeping B．Keep C．To keep D．To keeping
【答案】C
【详解】句意：为了保持健康，我们已经习惯饭前洗手和使用公共筷子。
考查非谓语动词。根据题干可知，饭前洗手和使用公筷是为了保持健康，应用动词不定式作目的状语，故选C。
38．（2023·江苏镇江·中考真题）Travellers can’t wait ________ their new tours in the coming holiday.
A．to start B．starting C．started D．start
【答案】A
【详解】句意：旅行者们迫不及待地想在即将到来的假期开始他们的新旅行。
考查非谓语动词。can’t wait to do sth.“迫不及待做某事”，应用不定式。故选A。
39．（2023·江苏徐州·中考真题）I have decided to go to Beijing and ________ one of my old friends there.
A．visiting B．visited C．visits D．visit
【答案】D
【详解】句意：我决定去北京看望我在那里的一位老朋友。
考查非谓语动词。decide to do sth.“决定做某事”，空格处应为动词原形，省略了动词不定式符号to，故选D。
40．（2023·江苏宿迁·中考真题）—Our school will invite Mr. Wang ________ us a talk on environmental protection next week.
—That’s wonderful!
A．give B．to give C．giving D．gave
【答案】B
【详解】句意：——下周我们学校将邀请王先生给我们做一个关于环境保护的演讲。——那是精彩的！
考查非谓语动词。invite sb. to do sth.“邀请某人做某事”。故选B。
41．（2023·江苏扬州·中考真题）Science is my favourite subject, so I have prepared ________ the STEAM Club.
A．join B．joining C．to join D．to joining
【答案】C
【详解】句意：科学是我最喜欢的科目，所以我已经准备加入 STEAM俱乐部了。
考查非谓语动词。prepare to do sth“准备做某事”，固定短语，所以空处用动词不定式，故选C。
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