阅读理解之议论文
备战 2025 年中考英语新课标（核心素养）二轮复习之优秀
生拔高重难题型特训
【预测分析】
一、重难点分析
1、论点与论据的辨析
难点：需区分作者核心观点（论点）与支撑论据（数据、案例、名言），尤其当论点隐含在
复杂句中时（如双重否定句、让步状语从句）。
重点：关注转折词（but/however/therefore）后的句子，通常为核心论点；论据常以“for example”
“according to”等引导。
2、长难句理解
难点：议论文多使用复杂句式（如定语从句、虚拟语气、倒装句），需拆解句子主干以提取
关键信息。
重点：训练长难句分析技巧（如找主谓宾、剥离修饰成分），重点关注代词（it/they）指代
内容。
3、逻辑推理与隐含态度
难点：需推断作者态度（支持/反对/中立）或文章隐含结论（如“Therefore, stricter policies are
needed”暗示现状问题）。
重点：关注情感色彩词（positive/negative/neutral 词汇）及段落间的逻辑衔接词（thus,
conversely）。
4、文化背景与抽象概念
预测：可能涉及社会热点议题（如 AI 伦理、文化遗产保护）或本土话题（如南通濠河生态
治理），需理解相关抽象概念（如“sustainable development”“cultural identity”）。
二、解题步骤
1、速读首尾段，锁定中心论点
标记首段主题句或末段总结句（如“In conclusion...”），明确文章讨论的核心问题。
2、略读段落结构，划分论据类型
识别段落主旨句，区分事实论据（数据、研究结果）与理论论据（专家观点、历史案例）。
3、精读题干，定位关键信息
题干关键词可能为抽象名词（如“environmental protection”“cultural heritage”）或观点词（如
“author’s attitude”“main purpose”）。
回原文定位时，优先查找与题干关键词相关的论点句或结论句。
4、排除干扰，验证逻辑一致性
干扰项常表现为：偷换概念（扩大/缩小范围）、无中生有（原文未提及）、反向干扰（与
作者态度相反）。
代入验证：选项需与原文论点及逻辑链完全一致，避免主观臆断。
三、预测分析（2025 年考向）
1、高频主题
社会议题：人工智能的双刃剑效应（如隐私保护 vs. 技术便利）、传统文化保护（如南通
蓝印花布技艺传承）。
教育类：线上学习与线下教育的利弊比较、青少年心理健康的重要性。
环保类：垃圾分类政策（结合南通实践）、新能源应用（如南通海上风电项目）。
2、创新题型
观点匹配题：将多个论点与不同学者观点配对（需区分相似观点间的细微差异）。
论证链条补全：要求根据上下文补全缺失的论据或过渡句（如“______ This explains why...”）。
3、难度提升点
抽象论证：论点表述更概括（如“humanity’s survival depends on...”），需结合语境具体化。
多视角对比：可能呈现正反方观点对比（如“Some argue... Others claim...”），需明确作者立
场。
四、备考建议
1、强化逻辑框架训练
掌握议论文常见结构：总分总式、问题-解决式、对比式，整理逻辑信号词清单（如因果、
对比、举例）。
练习用思维导图梳理文章结构（标注论点、论据、结论）。
2、积累高频话题词汇
分主题整理词汇：
科技类：algorithm（算法）, privacy breach（隐私泄露）, ethical dilemma（伦理困境）
文化类：heritage preservation（遗产保护）, intangible culture（非物质文化遗产）
环境类：carbon emission（碳排放）, renewable energy（可再生能源）
3、长难句专项突破
每日精析1-2句议论文长难句，标注主干与修饰成分，总结常见句式（如强调句“It is...that...”）。
4、模拟实战与反思
限时训练（8 分钟内完成一篇议论文），分析错题原因（如误判作者态度、漏看转折词）。
关注南通本地议题（如“濠河十年禁渔政策”），积累相关表达（如“ecological restoration”）。
总结：2025 年南通中考议论文将延续“思维能力导向”，重点考查逻辑分析、观点辨析及抽
象推理能力。备考需紧扣社会热点与本土话题，强化长难句拆解与逻辑链梳理，同时通过限
时训练提升抗压能力，确保考场高效作答。
【基础试题】
A
“Practice makes perfect” is a very popular expression. However, can we take this saying
literally
One popular theory (理论) is that if a person practises for at least 10, 000 hours, they will
reach “perfection”—or, in other words, become an expert in their field. This theory was made
famous by Malcolm Gladwell in his 2008 best-selling book, Outliers: The Story of Success. He
gave the examples of the music group The Beatles and Microsoft co-creator Bill Gates, who
clearly put in over 10,000 hours of practice before they became successful.
However, Gladwell’s book has been said by many to be too simplistic and generalising.
Although Gladwell’s work was largely based on research done by Anders Ericsson, Ericsson
argued that 10,000 hours was just an average figure. Some people, for example, needed far fewer
than 10,000 hours, and others many more. More importantly, Ericsson said that just practising a
lot was not enough; the type and quality of practice were also significant. He went on to explain
the importance of “deliberate practice”, which is when a person practises a specific part of a skill
in depth rather than practising a skill as a whole. Deliberate practice is said to be much more
effective, though more tiring.
Many other studies argue that practice alone is far from enough. In fact, a more recent study
from Princeton University stated that practice only accounted for up to 26% of reaching an expert
level. Many other factors contribute to people becoming experts. Natural talent is an important
factor, which is especially evident in sports. For instance, many baseball players in America have
amazing vision that allows them to see the ball much sooner than others do. Besides, IQ,
personality, attitude, and starting age are decisive factors, too. It is also important to note that
becoming an expert doesn’t equal instant success. Success also relies on social factors,
environmental factors, and even just being in the right place at the right time!
In conclusion, practice may not make perfect, but deliberate practice has been shown to
lead to significant improvement.
1．Why does the author ask a question in the first paragraph
A．To make a comparison. B．To highlight his opinion.
C．To inspire a reflection. D．To give a definition.
2．What can we infer from paragraph 3
A．Gladwell’s theory is easy to understand.
B．Gladwell misinterprets Ericsson’s research.
C．Ericsson objects to deliberate practice.
D．Ericsson believes quality outweighs number.
3．What makes many American baseball players outstanding
A．Their personality. B．Their physical talent.
C．Their identity. D．Their deliberate practice.
4．Which statement will the author probably agree with
A．Attitude is everything. B．Patience determines success.
C．Talent counts most. D．Practice makes a difference.
B
On Oct 29, Beijing Mentougou Blue Sky Rescue Team rescued 13 travelers on a mountain.
Days later, the rescue team received a banner (锦旗) of thanks by express mail (特快专递) from
the saved travelers. It caused hot discussion. what’s your opinion
Zhao Jingwen, 16
The rapid development of technology enables us to show feelings in various ways.
Therefore, sending the banner by express is OK. My friend Wei Chuan also thinks so.
Qian Yulin, 16
I think sending the banner by express is polite. As we know, the purpose was to show
thanks and respect for the rescuers. The way they sent the banner isn’t important. The sincere
feeling of thanks really matters.
Sun Junyi, 16
I think it’s rude. Their behavior didn’t show sincerity (诚挚) at all. They should treat it
seriously and give the banner face to face instead of simply sending it.
Li Anli, 16
Sending the banner by express is not acceptable. Presenting a banner usually requires a
ceremony. It’s difficult to make people feel the sincere feeling of thanks without ceremony. They
really should do it face to face.
1．________ travelers were rescued by Mentougou Blue Sky Rescue Team.
A．Thirteen B．Fourteen C．Fifteen D．Sixteen
2．Oian Yulin thinks sending the banner by express is polite because ________.
A．the way of showing thanks is important
B．people can show feelings in various ways
C．the sincere feeling of thanks is what matters
D．presenting a banner usually needs a ceremony
3．________ think the travelers should give the banner face to face.
A．Zhao Jingwen and Sun Junyi B．Zhao Jingwen and Li Anli
C．Sun Junyi and Li Anli D．Li Anli and Wei Chuan
4．We might see this material ________.
A．in a novel B．on a menu
C．in a storybook D．on the Internet
C
Some researchers explain how most people form their social groups with people of their
age. Especially, as children and teenagers， even adults， people make their friends based on
proximity （邻近） more than anything else． Even in a college classroom，the students may
not make friends with those who have similar personalities and interests． It's the people they
really sit next to．Clearly，who stands to you has the greatest influence on you．As Jim Rohn has
widely said． "You are average （平均） of five people you spend the most time with．"
Over the past ten months， I've paid Ryan, a famous writer of several bestselling books，
to help with the book I'm writing． Working with him has shown me just how low my standards
for my work are． For example， every time I send him a drab （草稿）， he shows me how
it could be 10 times better，and he holds me to that standard．
________________ It's because that I don't know what I don't know． Working with Ryan
has made me realize what is possible and what it takes to create something powerful．
Like Ryan，my business partner Richard has wonderful ideas and far different experience
than I have．He has written 36 New York Times Bestsellers．He's been speaking and doing events
for 20 years．Richard always performs at high levels，and he is also very strict with me because
my performance is a reflection （反映） on him． It's not a bad thing because it creates high
pressure （压力） to help me make great progress in organizing author training．
In a word，you need to stay with those people who can help you realize your level and
potential．Staying with people who have higher standards is the fastest way for you to change．If
you don't change your environment， your progress will be very slow． Who you stay with has
huge importance． You can't ignore this．
1．Why did the writer quote （引用） Jim Rohn's words in Paragraph 1？
A．To support the writer's opinion． B．To introduce the writer's best friend．
C．To show Jim Rohn's working ability． D．To prove Jim Rohn is a great person．
2．Which of the following can be put at the beginning of Paragraph 3？
A．It's not that my workmates' abilities are low．
B．It's not that my working ability was born low．
C．It's not that I made friends based on proximity．
D．It's not that I've paid Ryan to help me with my book．
3．What does the underlined word "it" in Paragraph 4 refer to （指代）？
A．The writer's performance． B．Jim Rohn's famous saying．
C．Richard's different experience． D．Richard's strictness with the writer．
4．The writer mainly wants to tell us that ．
A．we can improve our working abilities by ourselves
B．we must pay attention to our talent and potential
C．we'd better make friends with those who can hold us to higher levels
D．we should stay with those who have similar personalities and interests
【提升试题】
A
“Let’s brainstorm together!” You might often hear your teachers encouraging group
discussions to solve problems. But is brainstorming really the best way to solve creative
challenges
The Dutch company WeTransfer did a study with 20,000 people from 197 countries and
places. Most of them worked in creative fields, such as writing and music. The results showed that
brainstorming is often not helpful for solving creative problems.
“While teamwork is important for bringing ideas to life, it isn’t very good for coming up
with first ideas.” said Rob Alderson.
Alderson added that giving people enough time and space to think alone can lead to better
ideas. Even Alex Osborn, who popularized brainstorming, believed that thinking alone was part of
his creative process (过程).
However, most companies don’t provide their workers with enough chances to develop
their ideas independently. Instead, they often hold too many meetings, which can get in the way of
creativity, according to the study. More than 40% of participants (参与者) said meetings are a
block to good thinking.
Spending time alone helps you come up with your own ideas and develop independent
thinking, which is important for decision-making. Nearly 80% of the people in WeTransfer’s study
said they trust their own feelings and research when judging ideas.
1．What did WeTransfer’s study find about brainstorming
A．It’s the best way to solve problems. B．It’s often not helpful for creative problems.
C．It’s only useful for non-creative work. D．It’s important for first ideas.
2．Why is spending time alone good for creativity
A．It avoids teamwork. B．It helps create first ideas.
C．It makes meetings better. D．It reduces need for research.
3．How might companies block creativity
A．By forcing workers to think alone. B．By too much brainstorming.
C．By not having enough meetings. D．By not allowing independent idea time.
4．What’s the purpose of the text
A．To tell stories behind brainstorming. B．To introduce an important survey.
C．To show the value of thinking alone. D．To describe teamwork in creativity.
B
From an early age, we were taught that if we wanted to be successful, we had to study hard
and get good results at school. In fact, good students may just end up doing jobs they don’t like,
and some even lead an unhappy life. Why is it like that
In some parents’ eyes, school grades matter most for their kids. There are many things, in
fact, to consider besides the school subjects like how to be a happy person, what to do to keep
healthy, and how to get along well with others. That is to say, school is not just enough if you
want to have a great life.
▲ . Studies show that people who failed at school may not end up failing in life. You
may have already known that some famous people, like Thomas Edison and Steve Jobs, didn’t do
very well at school or even failed to finish school. In fact, there are a lot more than just the big
shots who are successful in life without finishing school. They catch every chance to learn and
finally make it to the top.
Life is really a long lesson, so long that you can’t define a person’s success by just one part
of it. If you have already finished school, keep learning because what you have learned at school
will never be enough to live a satisfying life. If you are still studying, don’t take your school
results too seriously as long as you have put your heart into it. Keep learning to make the most of
your talents. That’s how you can live a happy and successful life.
1．In some parents’ eye, __________ is the most important for their kids according to the 2nd
paragraph.
A．being happy B．staying healthy
C．getting good grades D．doing homework well
2．The missing sentence in the 3rd paragraph can be “__________”.
A．Doing well in school is different from doing well in life
B．Most of the parents want their kids to be No. 1 in school
C．Chances in life are more important than the grades in school
D．Happy kids can’t always be successful in the future
3．According to the passage, the writer probably agrees with the idea that __________.
A．it takes money to be successful B．school grades aren’t everything
C．successful people never finish school D．parents are always making wrong decisions
4．The passage is written in a/an __________ tone.
A．stressful B．surprising C．exciting D．serious
C
Everyone knows that China is changing and developing very quickly now. Many young
people from home and abroad thought about the changes. The following are some comments (评
论) from young people made on a website message board.
My English name is Carmon. I’m a Chinese student. I’m very proud of China and I’d
love to do something to the development of my country. Now, I’m in Canada. When I finish my
study, I will go back to China and start a business, so I can give something back to the country.
—Carmon, Toronto
I’m a Chinese student. My hometown used to be poor. But it has changed now. Most
people in my hometown have a better life and some can now afford (买得起) cars. I’m very
happy with these changes and very proud of them.
—Zhou Li, Guangxi
I spent two years in Beijing as a student in the late 1990s and I recently went back there
on holiday. I couldn’t believe the great changes of China in such a short time. And I admire
Chinese people for their wish to succeed, and their family values. I think these qualities (品质)
will be very important if China is to continue developing.
—Jackson, London
I hope that China will become a successful and prosperous (繁荣的) country. There is
still a long way to go. There are many challenges and difficulties ahead, but I am sure we can
get them over if we work together.
—Susan, Hong Kong
1．Who is not Chinese
A．Jackson. B．Susan. C．Zhou Li. D．Carmon.
2．Where is Carmon now
A．In Guangxi. B．In London. C．In Canada. D．In Hong Kong.
3．When did Jackson study in Beijing
A．In 1909. B．In the late 1990s. C．50 years ago. D．In the early 1990s.
4．What can we learn from the text
A．Carmon doesn’t want to start a business in China.
B．China is changing and developing very fast now.
C．Jackson dislikes Chinese family values.
D．Susan studied in Beijing for two years.
【拔高试题】
A
Are you avoiding pain or living with a purpose
There are two paths we can take in any given situation: One is the path of avoiding pain at
the moment, and the other is the more difficult path of delaying (推 迟 ) pleasure for a bigger
purpose.
Some people don’t see the value in having patience during difficult times or working
towards a goal. They would rather buy the latest, greatest cellphone than save for retirement (退
休). We often make our life choices according to how we can avoid pain at the moment and, in
doing so, fail to see that the path of delaying gratification (满足) is sometimes where the real
solutions to our problems lie.
Studies show that delaying gratification is one of the most effective personal qualities of
successful people. People who learn how to manage their needs that need to be satisfied at the
moment thrive (蓬勃发展) more in their careers, relationships and health than people who give in
to them.
A well-known study conducted at Stanford University in the 1960s explains a lot about why
it’s beneficial to delay gratification. In the study, children were placed in a room with one
marshmallow on a plate. The leading researcher gave the children an easy instruction: You can eat
the marshmallow now, or wait 15 minutes and receive two marshmallows. The researchers found
that the children who were able to wait for the second marshmallow without eating the first one
scored higher on standardized tests, had better health, and were less likely to have behavior
problems.
Consider the result of this study, and think about yourself and your actions. Are you able to
wait for things you really want, even if it involves giving up pleasure and satisfaction now Do
you make decisions based on your life purpose or on what feels good now Do you sometimes
give up too soon Can you think of a time when you successfully completed a difficult task How
did it make you feel about yourself What were the results of waiting
Delaying gratification isn’t a new concept. Back in 300 BC, Aristotle saw that the reason
why so many people were unhappy was that they confused pleasure with true happiness.
True happiness, according to Aristotle, is about developing habits and surrounding yourself
with people who grow your soul (灵魂). This allows you to move towards your greatest natural
ability. True happiness needs delaying pleasure, and putting in the time, discipline and patience
required to achieve a goal instead of feeling good now.
A life of purposes, aligned (保持一致) with the pursuit of true happiness, creates real joy. It
keeps your happiness pretty steady (稳定的) throughout your life. So, which path would you like
to take
1．People who delay gratification will probably ________.
A．avoid pain and give up at the moment
B．work hard patiently for a bigger goal
C．fail to see where the real solutions to their problems lie
D．fail easily in their careers, relationships and health
2．Why does the writer mention the well-known study in Paragraph 4
A．To show children’s different choices.
B．To tell readers the study was a very scientific one.
C．To prove the value of putting off gratification.
D．To explain why some children were more successful.
3．The writer probably agrees that ________.
A．a purposeful life can bring us real joy
B．pleasure helps us to make correct decisions
C．pleasure plays a key role in a life of purposes
D．true happiness is about avoiding pain at the moment
4．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage
A．To encourage us to delay pleasure for a bigger purpose.
B．To explain the meanings of pleasure and true happiness.
C．To compare two different paths to a life of purposes.
D．To discuss the good effects of delaying gratification.
B
Nature and culture are often seen as opposite ideas. What belongs to nature cannot be the
result of human activities and, on the other hand, cultural development is achieved against nature.
However, this is not the only opinion on the relationship between nature and culture. Studies in the
development of humans suggest that culture, whether taken as an effort against nature or a natural
effort, is part of the development of the human species.
Several modern writers saw the process of education as a struggle against human nature.
We are born with wild natures, such as eating and behaving in a disorganized way or acting
selfishly. Education uses culture as a way to get us out of our widest natures; it is thanks to culture
that the human species could learn to adapt, progress and raise itself above and beyond other
species.
Over the past century and a half, however, studies in the history of human development
have shown that the formation of culture is part of the biological adaptation. Consider, for
example, hunting. It seems to be an adaptation, which allowed humans to move into new and
different areas, opening up the opportunity to change living habits. At the same time, the
development of weapons is related to that adaptation—from rocks and stones to a set of hunting
tools, and from hunting tools to rules relating to the proper use of weapons. Hunting also seems to
be responsible for a whole set of bodily abilities, such as balancing on one foot. Just think of how
this very simple thing is closely related to dance, a key expression of human culture. It is then
clear that biological development and cultural development are closely tied.
The transmission of culture seems to be directly related to what’s in our blood. Just as
snails carry their shell, so do we bring along our culture. However, culture is also passed on
among people of the same times or among people belonging to different populations. We can learn
how to make jiaozi even if we were born from Russian parents in Paris just as we can learn how to
speak English even if none of our family or friends speaks that language.
1．What is Paragraph 2 mainly intended to tell readers
A．Nature teaches humans how to adapt to rules.
B．Humans are supposed to be well organized.
C．Culture pushes the human species to progress.
D．Culture is part of the development of human nature.
2．Why does the writer take “hunting” for example
A．To show how culture develops as humans adapt to the environment.
B．To underline the importance of tools in humans’ struggle for life.
C．To suggest some possible ways of changing humans’ living habits.
D．To explain why there is a need to call for the proper use of weapons.
3．According to the last paragraph, we know culture ________.
A．should be valued B．can be developed
C．should be respected D．can be spread
4．What is the writer’s opinion on the nature-culture relationship
A．Culture and nature are separate yet balanced.
B．Nature and culture are different but connected.
C．Culture depends much on nature to progress.
D．Nature follows the unwritten rules set by culture.
C
Waste can be seen everywhere in the school. Some students ask for more food than they can
eat and others often forget to turn off the lights when they leave the classroom.
They say they can afford these things. But I don’t agree with them.
Waste can bring a lot of problems. Although China is rich in some resources (资源), we are
short of(缺乏) others, for example, fresh water (淡水). It is reported that we will have no coal (煤)
or oil to use in 100 years. So if we go on wasting our resources, what can we use in the future and
where can we move Think about it. I think we should say no to the students who waste things
every day. Everybody should stop wasting as soon as possible.
In our everyday life, we can do many things to prevent waste from happening, for example,
turn off the water taps (水龙头) when we finish washing, turn off the lights when we leave the
classroom, try not to order more food than we need, and so on. Little by little, everything will be
changed. Waste can be stopped one day if we do our best.
1．From the passage we know that some students often ________ in the school.
A．eat too much B．sleep with the lights on
C．waste things D．throw rubbish everywhere
2．What may happen in 100 years
A．We may still have enough oil. B．We may move to other planets
C．We may still have enough coal. D．We may have no coal or oil to use.
3．Which of the follow is TRUE according to the passage
A．Waste brings problems. B．Waste brings no problem.
C．China is rich in fresh water. D．We needn’t worry about our resources.
4．Which is the best title (题目) of this passage
A．Future in China B．School life
C．Different Resources D．Stop wasting阅读理解之议论文
备战 2025 年中考英语新课标（核心素养）二轮复习之优秀
生拔高重难题型特训
【预测分析】
一、重难点分析
1、论点与论据的辨析
难点：需区分作者核心观点（论点）与支撑论据（数据、案例、名言），尤其当论点隐含在
复杂句中时（如双重否定句、让步状语从句）。
重点：关注转折词（but/however/therefore）后的句子，通常为核心论点；论据常以“for example”
“according to”等引导。
2、长难句理解
难点：议论文多使用复杂句式（如定语从句、虚拟语气、倒装句），需拆解句子主干以提取
关键信息。
重点：训练长难句分析技巧（如找主谓宾、剥离修饰成分），重点关注代词（it/they）指代
内容。
3、逻辑推理与隐含态度
难点：需推断作者态度（支持/反对/中立）或文章隐含结论（如“Therefore, stricter policies are
needed”暗示现状问题）。
重点：关注情感色彩词（positive/negative/neutral 词汇）及段落间的逻辑衔接词（thus,
conversely）。
4、文化背景与抽象概念
预测：可能涉及社会热点议题（如 AI 伦理、文化遗产保护）或本土话题（如南通濠河生态
治理），需理解相关抽象概念（如“sustainable development”“cultural identity”）。
二、解题步骤
1、速读首尾段，锁定中心论点
标记首段主题句或末段总结句（如“In conclusion...”），明确文章讨论的核心问题。
2、略读段落结构，划分论据类型
识别段落主旨句，区分事实论据（数据、研究结果）与理论论据（专家观点、历史案例）。
3、精读题干，定位关键信息
题干关键词可能为抽象名词（如“environmental protection”“cultural heritage”）或观点词（如
“author’s attitude”“main purpose”）。
回原文定位时，优先查找与题干关键词相关的论点句或结论句。
4、排除干扰，验证逻辑一致性
干扰项常表现为：偷换概念（扩大/缩小范围）、无中生有（原文未提及）、反向干扰（与
作者态度相反）。
代入验证：选项需与原文论点及逻辑链完全一致，避免主观臆断。
三、预测分析（2025 年考向）
1、高频主题
社会议题：人工智能的双刃剑效应（如隐私保护 vs. 技术便利）、传统文化保护（如南通
蓝印花布技艺传承）。
教育类：线上学习与线下教育的利弊比较、青少年心理健康的重要性。
环保类：垃圾分类政策（结合南通实践）、新能源应用（如南通海上风电项目）。
2、创新题型
观点匹配题：将多个论点与不同学者观点配对（需区分相似观点间的细微差异）。
论证链条补全：要求根据上下文补全缺失的论据或过渡句（如“______ This explains why...”）。
3、难度提升点
抽象论证：论点表述更概括（如“humanity’s survival depends on...”），需结合语境具体化。
多视角对比：可能呈现正反方观点对比（如“Some argue... Others claim...”），需明确作者立
场。
四、备考建议
1、强化逻辑框架训练
掌握议论文常见结构：总分总式、问题-解决式、对比式，整理逻辑信号词清单（如因果、
对比、举例）。
练习用思维导图梳理文章结构（标注论点、论据、结论）。
2、积累高频话题词汇
分主题整理词汇：
科技类：algorithm（算法）, privacy breach（隐私泄露）, ethical dilemma（伦理困境）
文化类：heritage preservation（遗产保护）, intangible culture（非物质文化遗产）
环境类：carbon emission（碳排放）, renewable energy（可再生能源）
3、长难句专项突破
每日精析1-2句议论文长难句，标注主干与修饰成分，总结常见句式（如强调句“It is...that...”）。
4、模拟实战与反思
限时训练（8 分钟内完成一篇议论文），分析错题原因（如误判作者态度、漏看转折词）。
关注南通本地议题（如“濠河十年禁渔政策”），积累相关表达（如“ecological restoration”）。
总结：2025 年南通中考议论文将延续“思维能力导向”，重点考查逻辑分析、观点辨析及抽
象推理能力。备考需紧扣社会热点与本土话题，强化长难句拆解与逻辑链梳理，同时通过限
时训练提升抗压能力，确保考场高效作答。
【基础试题】
A
“Practice makes perfect” is a very popular expression. However, can we take this saying
literally
One popular theory (理论) is that if a person practises for at least 10, 000 hours, they will
reach “perfection”—or, in other words, become an expert in their field. This theory was made
famous by Malcolm Gladwell in his 2008 best-selling book, Outliers: The Story of Success. He
gave the examples of the music group The Beatles and Microsoft co-creator Bill Gates, who
clearly put in over 10,000 hours of practice before they became successful.
However, Gladwell’s book has been said by many to be too simplistic and generalising.
Although Gladwell’s work was largely based on research done by Anders Ericsson, Ericsson
argued that 10,000 hours was just an average figure. Some people, for example, needed far fewer
than 10,000 hours, and others many more. More importantly, Ericsson said that just practising a
lot was not enough; the type and quality of practice were also significant. He went on to explain
the importance of “deliberate practice”, which is when a person practises a specific part of a skill
in depth rather than practising a skill as a whole. Deliberate practice is said to be much more
effective, though more tiring.
Many other studies argue that practice alone is far from enough. In fact, a more recent study
from Princeton University stated that practice only accounted for up to 26% of reaching an expert
level. Many other factors contribute to people becoming experts. Natural talent is an important
factor, which is especially evident in sports. For instance, many baseball players in America have
amazing vision that allows them to see the ball much sooner than others do. Besides, IQ,
personality, attitude, and starting age are decisive factors, too. It is also important to note that
becoming an expert doesn’t equal instant success. Success also relies on social factors,
environmental factors, and even just being in the right place at the right time!
In conclusion, practice may not make perfect, but deliberate practice has been shown to
lead to significant improvement.
1．Why does the author ask a question in the first paragraph
A．To make a comparison. B．To highlight his opinion.
C．To inspire a reflection. D．To give a definition.
2．What can we infer from paragraph 3
A．Gladwell’s theory is easy to understand.
B．Gladwell misinterprets Ericsson’s research.
C．Ericsson objects to deliberate practice.
D．Ericsson believes quality outweighs number.
3．What makes many American baseball players outstanding
A．Their personality. B．Their physical talent.
C．Their identity. D．Their deliberate practice.
4．Which statement will the author probably agree with
A．Attitude is everything. B．Patience determines success.
C．Talent counts most. D．Practice makes a difference.
【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 4．D
【难度】0.85
【知识点】议论文、意见/建议
【导语】本文主要讨论了“熟能生巧”的观点，文章通过分析 “一万小时理论” 及其争议，指
出刻意练习的重要性，并强调天赋、环境等多重因素对成功的影响。
1．推理判断题。根据“ ‘Practice makes perfect’ is a very popular expression.”可知，文章开篇
阐述了一句流行谚语，然后通过提问引发读者对该谚语进行反思。故选 C。
2．细节理解题。根据“Ericsson said that just practising a lot was not enough; the type and quality
of practice were also significant…‘deliberate practice’…is much more effective”可知，Ericsson
认为质量比数量更重要。故选 D。
3．细节理解题。根据“Natural talent is an important factor…many baseball players…have amazing
vision”可知，他们的出色表现源于身体天赋。故选 B。
4．观点态度题。根据“practice may not make perfect, but deliberate practice has been shown to
lead to significant improvement.”可知，作者认同练习的作用，会产生影响，D 项符合。故选
D。
B
On Oct 29, Beijing Mentougou Blue Sky Rescue Team rescued 13 travelers on a mountain.
Days later, the rescue team received a banner (锦旗) of thanks by express mail (特快专递) from
the saved travelers. It caused hot discussion. what’s your opinion
Zhao Jingwen, 16
The rapid development of technology enables us to show feelings in various ways.
Therefore, sending the banner by express is OK. My friend Wei Chuan also thinks so.
Qian Yulin, 16
I think sending the banner by express is polite. As we know, the purpose was to show
thanks and respect for the rescuers. The way they sent the banner isn’t important. The sincere
feeling of thanks really matters.
Sun Junyi, 16
I think it’s rude. Their behavior didn’t show sincerity (诚挚) at all. They should treat it
seriously and give the banner face to face instead of simply sending it.
Li Anli, 16
Sending the banner by express is not acceptable. Presenting a banner usually requires a
ceremony. It’s difficult to make people feel the sincere feeling of thanks without ceremony. They
really should do it face to face.
1．________ travelers were rescued by Mentougou Blue Sky Rescue Team.
A．Thirteen B．Fourteen C．Fifteen D．Sixteen
2．Oian Yulin thinks sending the banner by express is polite because ________.
A．the way of showing thanks is important
B．people can show feelings in various ways
C．the sincere feeling of thanks is what matters
D．presenting a banner usually needs a ceremony
3．________ think the travelers should give the banner face to face.
A．Zhao Jingwen and Sun Junyi B．Zhao Jingwen and Li Anli
C．Sun Junyi and Li Anli D．Li Anli and Wei Chuan
4．We might see this material ________.
A．in a novel B．on a menu
C．in a storybook D．on the Internet
【答案】1．A 2．C 3．C 4．D
【难度】0.85
【知识点】奇闻轶事、意见/建议、议论文
【分析】短文主要讲述了北京门头沟蓝色求援队在山上拯救了十三名游客，他们后来收到了
特快递送来的锦旗，因此引发了人们的讨论和看法。
1．细节理解题，根据“On Oct 29, Beijing Mentougou Blue Sky Rescue Team rescued 13 travelers
on a mountain.”，可知 10 月 29 日，北京门头沟蓝天救援队在山上救出了 13 名旅客。故选 A。
2．细节理解题，根据“I think sending the banner by express is polite. As we know, the purpose
was to show thanks and respect for the rescuers. The way they sent the banner isn’t important. The
sincere feeling of thanks really matters. ”，可知他认为用快递寄锦旗是有礼貌的原因是感激之
情最重要，故选 C。
3．细节理解题，根据“Sun Junyi, 16. They should treat it seriously and give the banner face to face
instead of simply sending it.”和“Li Anli, 16. They really should do it face to face.”，可知孙俊逸
和李安认为应该当面送锦旗，故选 C。
4．推理判断题，根据“It caused hot discussion. what’s your opinion ”，可知本文主要针对送锦
旗这件事的不同看法，因此可判断可以在网上看到，故选 D。
C
Some researchers explain how most people form their social groups with people of their
age. Especially, as children and teenagers， even adults， people make their friends based on
proximity （邻近） more than anything else． Even in a college classroom，the students may
not make friends with those who have similar personalities and interests． It's the people they
really sit next to．Clearly，who stands to you has the greatest influence on you．As Jim Rohn has
widely said． "You are average （平均） of five people you spend the most time with．"
Over the past ten months， I've paid Ryan, a famous writer of several bestselling books，
to help with the book I'm writing． Working with him has shown me just how low my standards
for my work are． For example， every time I send him a drab （草稿）， he shows me how
it could be 10 times better，and he holds me to that standard．
________________ It's because that I don't know what I don't know． Working with Ryan
has made me realize what is possible and what it takes to create something powerful．
Like Ryan，my business partner Richard has wonderful ideas and far different experience
than I have．He has written 36 New York Times Bestsellers．He's been speaking and doing events
for 20 years．Richard always performs at high levels，and he is also very strict with me because
my performance is a reflection （反映） on him． It's not a bad thing because it creates high
pressure （压力） to help me make great progress in organizing author training．
In a word，you need to stay with those people who can help you realize your level and
potential．Staying with people who have higher standards is the fastest way for you to change．If
you don't change your environment， your progress will be very slow． Who you stay with has
huge importance． You can't ignore this．
1．Why did the writer quote （引用） Jim Rohn's words in Paragraph 1？
A．To support the writer's opinion． B．To introduce the writer's best friend．
C．To show Jim Rohn's working ability． D．To prove Jim Rohn is a great person．
2．Which of the following can be put at the beginning of Paragraph 3？
A．It's not that my workmates' abilities are low．
B．It's not that my working ability was born low．
C．It's not that I made friends based on proximity．
D．It's not that I've paid Ryan to help me with my book．
3．What does the underlined word "it" in Paragraph 4 refer to （指代）？
A．The writer's performance． B．Jim Rohn's famous saying．
C．Richard's different experience． D．Richard's strictness with the writer．
4．The writer mainly wants to tell us that ．
A．we can improve our working abilities by ourselves
B．we must pay attention to our talent and potential
C．we'd better make friends with those who can hold us to higher levels
D．we should stay with those who have similar personalities and interests
【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D 4．C
【难度】0.85
【知识点】友谊、词句猜测、推理判断、主旨大意、议论文
【分析】本篇作者以自己的工作合作伙伴为例，阐述了自己的交友观点，人们需要和那些能
帮助你实现水平和潜力的人呆在一起才能提高自己，和高标准的人呆在一起是改变和提高自
己的最快方式。
1．推理判断题。第一段作者陈述各个年龄段人们结交朋友的方式更多的是建立在亲近感上，
那些真正坐在旁边的人才是影响你最重要的人，由此可知作者引用 Jim Rohn 的话来支持作
者的观点，故选 A。
2．推理判断题。第三段作者讲述自己和瑞安一起工作才意识到什么是可能的，以及需要什
么才能创造出强大的力量，由此推断作者意识到自己的工作能力并不是天生就差，只要和高
水准的人在一起，就能激发自己的潜能；故选 B。
3．词义猜测题。根据上文“Richard always performs at high levels，and he is also very strict with
me because my performance is a reflection on him”可知理查德总是表现出很高的水平，他对我
也很严格，推断 it 是指正是他对我的严格要求让我在工作中有很大的压力，从而努力提高自
己取得进步；故选 D。
4．主旨大意题。本篇作者以自己的工作合作伙伴为例，阐述了和高标准的人呆在一起是改
变和提高自己的最快方式，由此可知作者告诉我们最好和那些能把我们提升到更高层次的人
交朋友，故选 C。
【提升试题】
A
“Let’s brainstorm together!” You might often hear your teachers encouraging group
discussions to solve problems. But is brainstorming really the best way to solve creative
challenges
The Dutch company WeTransfer did a study with 20,000 people from 197 countries and
places. Most of them worked in creative fields, such as writing and music. The results showed that
brainstorming is often not helpful for solving creative problems.
“While teamwork is important for bringing ideas to life, it isn’t very good for coming up
with first ideas.” said Rob Alderson.
Alderson added that giving people enough time and space to think alone can lead to better
ideas. Even Alex Osborn, who popularized brainstorming, believed that thinking alone was part of
his creative process (过程).
However, most companies don’t provide their workers with enough chances to develop
their ideas independently. Instead, they often hold too many meetings, which can get in the way of
creativity, according to the study. More than 40% of participants (参与者) said meetings are a
block to good thinking.
Spending time alone helps you come up with your own ideas and develop independent
thinking, which is important for decision-making. Nearly 80% of the people in WeTransfer’s study
said they trust their own feelings and research when judging ideas.
1．What did WeTransfer’s study find about brainstorming
A．It’s the best way to solve problems. B．It’s often not helpful for creative problems.
C．It’s only useful for non-creative work. D．It’s important for first ideas.
2．Why is spending time alone good for creativity
A．It avoids teamwork. B．It helps create first ideas.
C．It makes meetings better. D．It reduces need for research.
3．How might companies block creativity
A．By forcing workers to think alone. B．By too much brainstorming.
C．By not having enough meetings. D．By not allowing independent idea time.
4．What’s the purpose of the text
A．To tell stories behind brainstorming. B．To introduce an important survey.
C．To show the value of thinking alone. D．To describe teamwork in creativity.
【答案】1．B 2．B 3．D 4．C
【难度】0.65
【知识点】方法/策略、议论文
【导语】本文通过 WeTransfer 的研究及相关分析，表明头脑风暴对解决创造性问题作用有
限，凸显独自思考的价值。
1．细节理解题。根据“The results showed that brainstorming is often not helpful for solving
creative problems.”可知，WeTransfer 的研究发现头脑风暴对解决创造性问题通常没有帮助，
故选 B。
2．细节理解题。根据第四段“Alderson added that giving people enough time and space to think
alone can lead to better ideas.”以及第五段“Spending time alone helps you come up with your
own ideas and develop independent thinking”可知，独自思考能帮助产生更好的想法，有助于
创造力，故选 B。
3．细节理解题。根据“However, most companies don’t provide their workers with enough chances
to develop their ideas independently. Instead, they often hold too many meetings, which can get in
the way of creativity”可知，公司没有给员工足够的独立思考时间，而是开太多会，这阻碍了
创造力，故选 D。
4．主旨大意题。根据“Spending time alone helps you come up with your own ideas and develop
independent thinking, which is important for decision-making.”及通读全文可知，文章重点强调
“独自思考对创造力的价值”，故选 C。
B
From an early age, we were taught that if we wanted to be successful, we had to study hard
and get good results at school. In fact, good students may just end up doing jobs they don’t like,
and some even lead an unhappy life. Why is it like that
In some parents’ eyes, school grades matter most for their kids. There are many things, in
fact, to consider besides the school subjects like how to be a happy person, what to do to keep
healthy, and how to get along well with others. That is to say, school is not just enough if you
want to have a great life.
▲ . Studies show that people who failed at school may not end up failing in life. You
may have already known that some famous people, like Thomas Edison and Steve Jobs, didn’t do
very well at school or even failed to finish school. In fact, there are a lot more than just the big
shots who are successful in life without finishing school. They catch every chance to learn and
finally make it to the top.
Life is really a long lesson, so long that you can’t define a person’s success by just one part
of it. If you have already finished school, keep learning because what you have learned at school
will never be enough to live a satisfying life. If you are still studying, don’t take your school
results too seriously as long as you have put your heart into it. Keep learning to make the most of
your talents. That’s how you can live a happy and successful life.
1．In some parents’ eye, __________ is the most important for their kids according to the 2nd
paragraph.
A．being happy B．staying healthy
C．getting good grades D．doing homework well
2．The missing sentence in the 3rd paragraph can be “__________”.
A．Doing well in school is different from doing well in life
B．Most of the parents want their kids to be No. 1 in school
C．Chances in life are more important than the grades in school
D．Happy kids can’t always be successful in the future
3．According to the passage, the writer probably agrees with the idea that __________.
A．it takes money to be successful B．school grades aren’t everything
C．successful people never finish school D．parents are always making wrong decisions
4．The passage is written in a/an __________ tone.
A．stressful B．surprising C．exciting D．serious
【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．D
【难度】0.65
【知识点】议论文、意见/建议
【导语】本文阐述了作者认为学校分数并不意味着一切的观点，他认为应该不断学习，充分
发挥自己的才能，这是过上幸福成功生活的秘诀。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段“In some parents’ eyes, school grades matter most for their kids.”可
知，在一些家长看来，学习成绩对孩子来说最重要。故选 C。
2．词句猜测题。根据“Studies show that people who failed at school may not end up failing in
life.”可知，此处是说，在学校学得好不见得在生活中也好，故选 A。
3．推理判断题。阅读全文并根据最后一段“Life is really a long lesson, so long that you can’t
define a person’s success by just one part of it.”可知，作者认为学校里的分数并不是一切。故
选 B。
4．推理判断题。阅读全文可知，本文阐述了作者认为学校分数并不意味着一切的观点，他
认为应该不断学习，充分发挥自己的才能，这是能过上幸福成功生活的秘诀，所以文章是以
一种严肃的语调来写的，故选 D。
C
Everyone knows that China is changing and developing very quickly now. Many young
people from home and abroad thought about the changes. The following are some comments (评
论) from young people made on a website message board.
My English name is Carmon. I’m a Chinese student. I’m very proud of China and I’d
love to do something to the development of my country. Now, I’m in Canada. When I finish my
study, I will go back to China and start a business, so I can give something back to the country.
—Carmon, Toronto
I’m a Chinese student. My hometown used to be poor. But it has changed now. Most
people in my hometown have a better life and some can now afford (买得起) cars. I’m very
happy with these changes and very proud of them.
—Zhou Li, Guangxi
I spent two years in Beijing as a student in the late 1990s and I recently went back there
on holiday. I couldn’t believe the great changes of China in such a short time. And I admire
Chinese people for their wish to succeed, and their family values. I think these qualities (品质)
will be very important if China is to continue developing.
—Jackson, London
I hope that China will become a successful and prosperous (繁荣的) country. There is
still a long way to go. There are many challenges and difficulties ahead, but I am sure we can
get them over if we work together.
—Susan, Hong Kong
1．Who is not Chinese
A．Jackson. B．Susan. C．Zhou Li. D．Carmon.
2．Where is Carmon now
A．In Guangxi. B．In London. C．In Canada. D．In Hong Kong.
3．When did Jackson study in Beijing
A．In 1909. B．In the late 1990s. C．50 years ago. D．In the early 1990s.
4．What can we learn from the text
A．Carmon doesn’t want to start a business in China.
B．China is changing and developing very fast now.
C．Jackson dislikes Chinese family values.
D．Susan studied in Beijing for two years.
【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．B
【难度】0.65
【知识点】议论文、国家与民族、社会发展
【导语】本文是一些年轻人谈论中国的变化与发展。
1．细节理解题。根据“I spent two years in Beijing as a student in the late 1990s and I recently
went back there on holiday. ... And I admire Chinese people for their wish to succeed, and their
family values.”及“Jackson, London”可知，Jackson 不是中国人。故选 A。
2．细节理解题。根据“Now, I’m in Canada.”可知，Carmon 现在在加拿大。故选 C。
3．细节理解题。根据“I spent two years in Beijing as a student in the late 1990s”可知，Jackson
于 20 世纪 90 年代末在北京学习。故选 B。
4．细节理解题。根据“Everyone knows that China is changing and developing very quickly now.”
可知，中国现在变化和发展非常快。故选 B。
【拔高试题】
A
Are you avoiding pain or living with a purpose
There are two paths we can take in any given situation: One is the path of avoiding pain at
the moment, and the other is the more difficult path of delaying (推 迟 ) pleasure for a bigger
purpose.
Some people don’t see the value in having patience during difficult times or working
towards a goal. They would rather buy the latest, greatest cellphone than save for retirement (退
休). We often make our life choices according to how we can avoid pain at the moment and, in
doing so, fail to see that the path of delaying gratification (满足) is sometimes where the real
solutions to our problems lie.
Studies show that delaying gratification is one of the most effective personal qualities of
successful people. People who learn how to manage their needs that need to be satisfied at the
moment thrive (蓬勃发展) more in their careers, relationships and health than people who give in
to them.
A well-known study conducted at Stanford University in the 1960s explains a lot about why
it’s beneficial to delay gratification. In the study, children were placed in a room with one
marshmallow on a plate. The leading researcher gave the children an easy instruction: You can eat
the marshmallow now, or wait 15 minutes and receive two marshmallows. The researchers found
that the children who were able to wait for the second marshmallow without eating the first one
scored higher on standardized tests, had better health, and were less likely to have behavior
problems.
Consider the result of this study, and think about yourself and your actions. Are you able to
wait for things you really want, even if it involves giving up pleasure and satisfaction now Do
you make decisions based on your life purpose or on what feels good now Do you sometimes
give up too soon Can you think of a time when you successfully completed a difficult task How
did it make you feel about yourself What were the results of waiting
Delaying gratification isn’t a new concept. Back in 300 BC, Aristotle saw that the reason
why so many people were unhappy was that they confused pleasure with true happiness.
True happiness, according to Aristotle, is about developing habits and surrounding yourself
with people who grow your soul (灵魂). This allows you to move towards your greatest natural
ability. True happiness needs delaying pleasure, and putting in the time, discipline and patience
required to achieve a goal instead of feeling good now.
A life of purposes, aligned (保持一致) with the pursuit of true happiness, creates real joy. It
keeps your happiness pretty steady (稳定的) throughout your life. So, which path would you like
to take
1．People who delay gratification will probably ________.
A．avoid pain and give up at the moment
B．work hard patiently for a bigger goal
C．fail to see where the real solutions to their problems lie
D．fail easily in their careers, relationships and health
2．Why does the writer mention the well-known study in Paragraph 4
A．To show children’s different choices.
B．To tell readers the study was a very scientific one.
C．To prove the value of putting off gratification.
D．To explain why some children were more successful.
3．The writer probably agrees that ________.
A．a purposeful life can bring us real joy
B．pleasure helps us to make correct decisions
C．pleasure plays a key role in a life of purposes
D．true happiness is about avoiding pain at the moment
4．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage
A．To encourage us to delay pleasure for a bigger purpose.
B．To explain the meanings of pleasure and true happiness.
C．To compare two different paths to a life of purposes.
D．To discuss the good effects of delaying gratification.
【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．A
【难度】0.4
【知识点】议论文、哲理感悟
【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要探讨了人们在生活中面临的两个选择：一是避免当下的痛
苦，二是为了更大的目标而延迟满足。文章通过斯坦福大学的“棉花糖实验”和亚里士多德的
哲学观点，论证了延迟满足对个人成功和真正幸福的重要性，并鼓励读者选择有目标的生活
路径。
1．细节理解题。根据文章第 3 段“Studies show that delaying gratification is one of the most
effective personal qualities of successful people… thrive more in their careers, relationships and
health”可知，延迟满足的人更可能在事业、人际关系和健康方面蓬勃发展。第四段通过实验
进一步说明，能够等待更大回报的人往往有更好的结果。故选 B。
2．推理判断题。第四段提到斯坦福大学的“棉花糖实验”，旨在说明延迟满足的益处。实验
结果显示，能等待的孩子未来表现更佳，这直接支持了“延迟满足有价值”的观点。可知，证
明延迟满足的价值。故选 C。
3．观点态度题。根据最后一段“A life of purposes… creates real joy… keeps your happiness
steady”（有目标的生活带来真正的快乐，保持幸福稳定）可知，作者认为有目标的生活能带
来真正的快乐。故选 A。
4．主旨大意题。全文通过对比两种生活路径（即时享乐和延迟满足）和实验论证，引用实
验和哲学观点，最终呼吁读者选择有目标的生活。选项 A“鼓励为更大目标延迟满足”概括了
作者的写作意图。故选 A。
B
Nature and culture are often seen as opposite ideas. What belongs to nature cannot be the
result of human activities and, on the other hand, cultural development is achieved against nature.
However, this is not the only opinion on the relationship between nature and culture. Studies in the
development of humans suggest that culture, whether taken as an effort against nature or a natural
effort, is part of the development of the human species.
Several modern writers saw the process of education as a struggle against human nature.
We are born with wild natures, such as eating and behaving in a disorganized way or acting
selfishly. Education uses culture as a way to get us out of our widest natures; it is thanks to culture
that the human species could learn to adapt, progress and raise itself above and beyond other
species.
Over the past century and a half, however, studies in the history of human development
have shown that the formation of culture is part of the biological adaptation. Consider, for
example, hunting. It seems to be an adaptation, which allowed humans to move into new and
different areas, opening up the opportunity to change living habits. At the same time, the
development of weapons is related to that adaptation—from rocks and stones to a set of hunting
tools, and from hunting tools to rules relating to the proper use of weapons. Hunting also seems to
be responsible for a whole set of bodily abilities, such as balancing on one foot. Just think of how
this very simple thing is closely related to dance, a key expression of human culture. It is then
clear that biological development and cultural development are closely tied.
The transmission of culture seems to be directly related to what’s in our blood. Just as
snails carry their shell, so do we bring along our culture. However, culture is also passed on
among people of the same times or among people belonging to different populations. We can learn
how to make jiaozi even if we were born from Russian parents in Paris just as we can learn how to
speak English even if none of our family or friends speaks that language.
1．What is Paragraph 2 mainly intended to tell readers
A．Nature teaches humans how to adapt to rules.
B．Humans are supposed to be well organized.
C．Culture pushes the human species to progress.
D．Culture is part of the development of human nature.
2．Why does the writer take “hunting” for example
A．To show how culture develops as humans adapt to the environment.
B．To underline the importance of tools in humans’ struggle for life.
C．To suggest some possible ways of changing humans’ living habits.
D．To explain why there is a need to call for the proper use of weapons.
3．According to the last paragraph, we know culture ________.
A．should be valued B．can be developed
C．should be respected D．can be spread
4．What is the writer’s opinion on the nature-culture relationship
A．Culture and nature are separate yet balanced.
B．Nature and culture are different but connected.
C．Culture depends much on nature to progress.
D．Nature follows the unwritten rules set by culture.
【答案】1．C 2．A 3．D 4．B
【难度】0.4
【知识点】议论文、社会发展、科普知识
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。自然和文化常常被视为对立的观点，但是人类发展的研究表明，
文化，无论是作为一种反对自然的努力还是自然的努力，都是人类物种发展的一部分。生物
的发展和文化的发展是紧密相连的，文化的传播似乎与我们血液中的东西直接相关。
1．段落大意题。根据“Several modern writers saw the process of education as a struggle against
human nature”和“it is thanks to culture that the human species could learn to adapt, progress and
raise itself above and beyond other species” 可知，本段想告诉读者，教育利用文化帮助人类克
服自身的原始天性，文化推动人类进步。故选 C。
2．推理判断题。根据“Consider, for example, hunting. It seems to be an adaptation, which allowed
humans to move into new and different areas, opening up the opportunity to change living habits”
可推测，作者以“狩猎”为例是为了展示文化是如何随着人类对环境的适应而发展的。故选A。
3．推理判断题。根据“The transmission of culture seems to be directly related to what’s in our
blood”及后段的例举可知，文化具有传播性，可以在不同的人群间传播。故选 D。
4．观点态度题。根据“Studies in the development of humans suggest that culture, whether taken
as an effort against nature or a natural effort, is part of the development of the human species” 可
推测，作者认为自然和文化之间是对立且密切联系的。故选 B。
C
Waste can be seen everywhere in the school. Some students ask for more food than they can
eat and others often forget to turn off the lights when they leave the classroom.
They say they can afford these things. But I don’t agree with them.
Waste can bring a lot of problems. Although China is rich in some resources (资源), we are
short of(缺乏) others, for example, fresh water (淡水). It is reported that we will have no coal (煤)
or oil to use in 100 years. So if we go on wasting our resources, what can we use in the future and
where can we move Think about it. I think we should say no to the students who waste things
every day. Everybody should stop wasting as soon as possible.
In our everyday life, we can do many things to prevent waste from happening, for example,
turn off the water taps (水龙头) when we finish washing, turn off the lights when we leave the
classroom, try not to order more food than we need, and so on. Little by little, everything will be
changed. Waste can be stopped one day if we do our best.
1．From the passage we know that some students often ________ in the school.
A．eat too much B．sleep with the lights on
C．waste things D．throw rubbish everywhere
2．What may happen in 100 years
A．We may still have enough oil. B．We may move to other planets
C．We may still have enough coal. D．We may have no coal or oil to use.
3．Which of the follow is TRUE according to the passage
A．Waste brings problems. B．Waste brings no problem.
C．China is rich in fresh water. D．We needn’t worry about our resources.
4．Which is the best title (题目) of this passage
A．Future in China B．School life
C．Different Resources D．Stop wasting
【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A 4．D
【难度】0.4
【知识点】意见/建议、议论文、环境保护
【分析】文章通过校园里的一些浪费现象和浪费引发的问题呼吁我们：停止浪费，从我做起。
1．细节理解题。根据“Waste can be seen everywhere in the school. Some students ask for more
food...”可知，一些学生经常在学校浪费资源。故选 C。
2．细节理解题。根据“It is reported that we will have no coal (煤) or oil to use in 100 years.”可
知，一百年后我们可能没有煤或石油可用。故选 D。
3．细节理解题。根据“Waste can bring a lot of problems.”可知，浪费会引发很多问题。故选 A。
4．标题归纳题。分析整篇文章可知，作者通过介绍浪费带来的危害告诉我们要努力停止浪
费。故选 D。
