北京中考英语写作词汇和句型必背（学案）

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
北京中考英语写作必背词汇和句型
一、必背核心词汇
1. 人物品质与性格
积极品质：
hardworking（勤奋的）→ 近义：diligent
例：My teacher is hardworking and always prepares lessons carefully.
responsible（负责的）→ 名词：responsibility
例：He is responsible for organizing the class activities.
generous（慷慨的）、helpful（乐于助人的）、patient（耐心的）、creative（有创造力的）。
性格特征：
outgoing（外向的）→ 反义：shy / introverted
optimistic（乐观的）→ 反义：pessimistic
confident（自信的）→ 名词：confidence
例：Keeping a positive attitude makes you more confident.
2. 情感与情绪表达
基础情感：
delighted（高兴的）= extremely happy
worried（担忧的）= anxious
embarrassed（尴尬的）、proud（自豪的）、lonely（孤独的）。
高级表达：
thrilled（极度兴奋的）= very excited
例：I was thrilled to win the first prize in the competition.
disappointed（失望的）→ 搭配：be disappointed with / in sth.
例：He was disappointed with his exam results.
3. 学习与校园生活
学习行为：
review（复习）= go over → 例：Reviewing notes before exams is necessary.
preview（预习）、concentrate（专注）= focus
solve（解决）→ 搭配：solve problems / difficulties
校园活动：
participate in（参加）= take part in
compete in（参与竞争）→ 名词：competition
organize（组织）→ 名词：organization
graduate from（毕业于）→ 例：I will graduate from junior high school next year.
4. 环境与社会生活
环境描述：
polluted（污染的）→ 动词：pollute；名词：pollution
crowded（拥挤的）、peaceful（宁静的）、modern（现代的）。
社会行为：
protect（保护）→ 搭配：protect the environment
volunteer（志愿）→ 名词：volunteer；短语：volunteer to do sth.
例：We volunteered to clean up the park last weekend.
recycle（回收）、save（节约）→ save water / energy
5. 动作与事件
高频动词：
achieve（实现）→ 搭配：achieve dreams / goals
improve（提高）→ 搭配：improve English / skills
suggest（建议）→ 用法：suggest doing sth. / suggest that + 虚拟语气
例：I suggest taking a break after studying for hours.
事件描述：
hold（举办）→ 过去式：held；例：Our school will hold a sports meeting next month.
cancel（取消）、postpone（推迟）、attend（参加）。
二、必背经典句型
1. 提建议与表达观点
基础建议：
Why not do sth. = Why don’t you do sth.
例：Why not join a reading club to improve your literacy
It’s adj. (for sb.) to do sth.
例：It’s important for us to protect the environment.
高级表达：
I strongly suggest that + 句子（虚拟语气：should + 动词原形）
例：I strongly suggest that we should plant more trees in our city.
From my point of view, … = In my opinion, …
例：From my point of view, teamwork is the key to success.
2. 原因与结果
基础结构：
Because + 句子, … 或 … because + 句子
例：I like reading because it can broaden my horizons.
so + 形容词/副词 + that + 句子
例：He ran so fast that no one could catch up with him.
高级结构：
The reason why + 句子 is that + 句子（…的原因是…）
例：The reason why I love English is that it connects me with the world.
As a result, …（结果……）= Therefore, …
例：He worked hard. As a result, he got good grades.
3. 比较与对比
原级比较：
A + be + as + 形容词原级 + as + B（A和B一样…）
例：My school is as beautiful as a garden.
比较级：
A + be + 形容词比较级 + than + B（A比B更…）
例：Taking exercise is more important than staying at home all day.
The + 比较级, the + 比较级（越…，越…）
例：The more you practice, the better your English will be.
最高级：
A + be + the + 形容词最高级 + (名词) + in/of…
例：The Great Wall is the most famous landmark in China.
4. 时间与条件状语从句
when / while引导的时间状语：
例：When I got home, my mother was cooking dinner.
例：While she was reading, her brother was playing games.
if引导的条件状语：
If + 一般现在时, 主句用一般将来时（主将从现）
例：If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will go hiking.
5. 被动语态
结构：be + 过去分词
例：Many trees are planted every year to protect the environment.
例：The sports meeting was held successfully last week.
6. There be句型
结构：There be + 主语 + 地点/时间状语
例：There will be a talent show in our school next Friday.
例：There are many interesting books in our school library.
7. 宾语从句
结构：主句 + that/if/whether + 从句（陈述句语序）
例：I believe that I can achieve my dream through hard work.
例：She asked if we would go to the museum tomorrow.
三、高分加分表达
1. 开头句型
引出主题：
Recently, … has become a hot topic.（最近，…成为热门话题。）
As we all know, … plays an important role in our life.（众所周知，…在生活中很重要。）
2. 结尾句型
总结观点：
In a word, …（总而言之，…）
From what has been discussed above, we can conclude that…（综上所述，我们可以得出…）
展望未来：
I hope that … will become better and better.（我希望…会越来越好。）
Let’s work together to make … come true.（让我们共同努力实现…）
3. 连接词（逻辑过渡）
并列/递进：and, also, besides, what’s more, in addition
转折：but, however, although, even though
举例：for example, such as, take…as an example
顺序：firstly, secondly, finally, at last
四、写作模板套用（示例）
话题：环保建议
开头：As we all know, environmental protection is becoming more and more important.
中间：
First, we should save water by turning off the tap when we brush our teeth.
Second, it’s necessary to recycle waste paper and plastic bottles.
Third, taking public transportation instead of driving cars can reduce air pollution.
结尾：In a word, every small action counts. Let’s work together to make our city cleaner.
使用建议：
1. 每天背诵5-10个核心词汇，结合例句记忆用法。
2. 每种句型仿写2-3个句子，确保熟练运用。
3. 考前用模板练习3-5篇真题，强化逻辑和衔接。
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