Unit 1 Face values Developing ideas 语言点 课件（共54张） 2024-2025学年高二英语外研版（2019）选择性必修3

(共54张PPT)
Unit 1 Developing ideas
The Hunchback of Notre-Dame
巴黎圣母院
语言点课件
词汇短语复习巩固
novelist n. 小说家 8
*kidnap v. 绑架；劫持 8
*torure v. 拷打，拷问 8
*execution n. （尤指依法的）处死 8
*predicament n. 尴尬的处境 8
*graceful adj. 优美的，优雅的 8
*repulsive adj. 令人讨厌的 8
*defect n. 缺点，缺陷，毛病 8
*hunched adj. 弓身的，弓背的 8
comprehension n. 理解（力） 8
*melancholy n. 忧郁，无名的伤感 8
*wretch n.可怜的人 8
*exclaim v. （因惊讶、愤怒或兴奋而）呼喊，惊叫 8
*heartfelt adj. 衷心的，诚挚的 8
*compassion n. 怜悯；同情 8
*exquisite adj. 精美的，精致的 9
accent n. 口音 9
*utter v. （尤指吃力地）发出（声音） 9
*syllable n. 音节 9
*immense adj. 巨大的 9
*monster n. 怪物 9
*resemble v. 像；与...类似，与...相似 9
*savage adj. 野蛮的 9
*dew n. 露水 9
*whilst conj. 而（用于强调两种情况、活动等之间的差别） 9
*coarse adj. 粗的，粗糙的 9
*downtrodden adj. 被践踏的，受压迫的，遭蹂躏的 9
*pebble n.卵石，小圆石，砾石 9
*heartbreaking adj. 令人悲伤的 9
*expression n. 表情；神色 9
*intently adv. 专心地；一心一意地 9
*repay v. 报答 9
*profound adj. （感情）强烈的，深切的 9
*tenderness n. 柔情 9
motive n. （尤指隐藏的）动机，原因，目的 10
Words and expressions
重点词汇
1. _____________ n. 理解(力)
2. _____________ adj. 衷心的，诚挚的
3. _____________ n. 口音
4. _____________ adj. 令人悲伤的
5. _____________ v. 报答
6. _____________ n. (尤指隐藏的)动机，原因，目的
comprehension
heartfelt
accent
heartbreaking
repay
motive
词汇拓展
1. _____________ n.小说家→novel n.小说 adj.新颖的; 新奇的
2. _____________ adj.优美的，优雅的→grace n.优美，优雅
3. _____________ n.表情;神色→express v.表达
novelist
graceful
expression
重点短语
1.__________________________喜欢，爱上
2.__________________________当众
3.__________________________出于同情
4.__________________________被判死刑
5.__________________________只要
6.__________________________适应;调整
7.__________________________无论如何
8.__________________________把……看作……
fall in love with
in public
out of mercy
be sentenced to death
as long as
adjust to
in any case
view...as...
重点短语
9.__________________________ 把……和……相比较;
把……比作 ……
10.__________________________使(危险或令人不快的)某事物
无法接近; 防止某结果产生
11.__________________________与……有关
12.__________________________不管，不顾
13.__________________________从……开始
compare...to...
keep sth. at bay
be concerned with
regardless of
start with
重点短语
14.__________________________实现
15.__________________________呈现;雇用;承担
16.__________________________参加;从事;忙于
17.__________________________提醒某人某事
18.__________________________追求，追逐
19.__________________________导致
come true
take on
engage in
remind sb. of sth.
in pursuit of
lead to
课文语法结构分析
Published in 1831, The Hunchback of Notre-Dame tells a tragic story of events in Pairs. Esmeralda’s beauty means that many men fall in love with her. One such man sends the hunchback Quasimodo to kidnap Esmeralda. But Quasimodo fails and is captured and tortured in public. Esmeralda hears his call for water, and steps forwards out of mercy. She offers Quasimodo a drink of water, which saves him and also captures his heart. When Esmeralda is later sentenced to death for a crime she did not commit, Quasimodo rescues her from an angry crowd outside the Notre-Dame Cathedral. Esmeralda is safe from execution as long as she stays inside the cathedral...
Preface
which引导非限制性定语从句，对a drink of water 进行补充说明。
过去分词短语作状语，进行说明。
《巴黎圣母院》于1831年出版。它讲述了一个发生在巴黎的悲惨故事。埃斯梅拉达的美貌使无数男人为她倾倒。这些倾慕者中有一个人派驼背卡西莫多去绑架埃斯梅拉达，但卡西莫多失败了，在公共场合被捕并遭受酷刑。埃斯梅拉达听到他对水的呼唤，怜悯之心油然而生。她给卡西莫多递上水，这不仅拯救了他的生命，也俘获了他的心。后来当埃斯梅拉达因莫须有的罪名被判死刑时，卡西莫多从圣母院外喧哗的人群中救下了她，只要她留在教堂内，就可以免于被处决的危险……
The Hunchback of Notre-Dame 巴黎圣母院
被捕并遭拷打
that引导的宾语从句
when引导时间状语从句
被判处死刑
从……中救出……
as long as 引导条件状语从句，“只要”(=only if)。
1 Esmeralda and Quasimodo were still for several moments, as they considered their predicament in silence, she so graceful, he so repulsive. Every moment Esmeralda discovered some fresh defect in Quasimodo, as her glance travelled from his knock knees to his hunched back, from his hunched back to his single eye. How anyone could be formed in such a way was beyond her comprehension. Yet there was so much melancholy and so much gentleness spread over all this that she gradually adjusted to it.
Para. 1
as引导引导方式状语从句，意为“伴随”。
埃斯梅拉达和卡西莫多许久没有动，默默地思考着自己的处境，一个是那样的优美，一个是那么难看。每一刻，随着埃斯梅拉达的目光从卡西莫多的弯腿移到驼背，再从他的驼背移到他的独眼上，她都在他身上发现更多的毛病，她难以理解一个人怎么能长得如此畸形，但他表现出那样的忧郁与那样的温顺，她渐渐地适应了。
独立主格结构：名词/代词 +形容词（主谓关系）
超出某人的理解力；某人难以理解的
The Hunchback of Notre-Dame 巴黎圣母院
How 引导主语从句，“怎么”，“如何”。
so that引导结果状语从句，“如此……以致于……”。
2 He was the first to break the silence. “So you were telling me
to return ”
3 She moved her head, and said, “Yes.”
4 He understood the motion of the head. “But!” he said, as though hesitating whether to finish, “I am --- I am deaf.”
5 “Poor wretch!” exclaimed Esmeralda, with an expression of heartfelt compassion.
6 He began to smile sadly.
Para. 2 & 6
as though + 现在分词 作方式状语，表示“好像/似乎……”。
他首先打破了沉默：“那么你是叫我回来吗？”
她点点头，答道：“是的。”
他明白点头的意思，“不过，”他说，似乎犹豫着要不要说下去，“我是... ...我是聋子。”
“可怜的人！”埃斯梅拉达喊道，发自内心的对他表示同情。
他苦笑起来。
The Hunchback of Notre-Dame 巴黎圣母院
不定式短语作定语，修饰the first。
发自内心的同情
7 “You suppose that was all that I was missing, do you not Yes, I am deaf, that is the way I am made. It is horrible, is it not, next to your exquisite beauty!”
8 There lay in the accents of the unfortunate man so significant an awareness of his sadness that she had not the strength to utter a syllable. In any case, he would not have heard her. He continued:
Para. 7 & 8
there放在句首的完全倒装句（there be句型的变式： “there +不及物动词”结构。
“你觉得那就是我的所有缺陷，对不对？是啊，我是聋子，生来如此，真是可怕，不是吗？而你呢，却如此美丽！”
从那不幸的人的语气里可以感受到他对自身的悲哀心知肚明，她没有勇气回答，何况即便回答，他也无法听到。他接着说道：
无论如何、无论如何的情况下、或者无论怎样
The Hunchback of Notre-Dame 巴黎圣母院
that引导定语从句，修饰all，在从句中作宾语。
省略that/in which的定语从句，修饰the way。
9 “Never have I viewed my ugliness as at the present moment. When I compare myself to you, I feel an immense pity for myself, poor unfortunate monster that I am! Be honest, to you I must resemble some savage creature. You, you are a ray of sunshine, a drop of dew, a birdsong, whilst I am something terrible, neither human nor beast. I don’t know what I am, as I am coarser, more downtrodden, and plainer than a pebble”
Para. 9
what引导宾语从句，作know的宾语。
when引导时间状语从句
that引导的定语从句，修饰monster。
“我从来没像现在这般明白自己的丑陋，当我把自己同你比较时，我就非常怜悯自己，我是那么可怜而不幸的怪物啊！说实话，你一定把我当成某种野兽了吧。你呀，你就像一束阳光，一滴露珠，像鸟鸣声，而我呢，却是一个可怕的东西，不像人也不像兽，我不知道我是什么，我比卵石还要粗硬、难看、不显眼！”
as引导原因状语从句，意为“因为”。
否定副词置于句首表示强调，句子用部分倒装语序。
The Hunchback of Notre-Dame 巴黎圣母院
whilst conj. 表示对比连词，当……的时候；与……同时；然而
10 Then he began to laugh, and that laugh was the most heartbreaking sound in the world. He continued:
11 “Yes, I am deaf, but you shall talk to me with your hands as my master talks to me, and then I shall quickly know your wishes from the movement of your lips, from your expression.”
12 “Well!” she smiled, “Explain to me why you rescued me.”
13 He watched her intently while she was speaking.
Para. 10 & 13
as引导方式状语从句，表示“就像，正如”。
然后他笑了起来，那是世界上最痛心的笑声，他接着说道：
“是啊，我是聋子，但你可以用手势对我讲话，就像我的主人跟我讲话那样。这样，从你的口型和你的表情，我很快就能明白你的意思。”
“好啊！”她微笑着说道，“告诉我你为什么要救我。”
她说话的时候，他专注地看着她。
从某人的表情（判断）
why引导的宾语从句，作explain的宾语。
The Hunchback of Notre-Dame 巴黎圣母院
while引导时间状语从句，表示“当……时”。
14 “I understand,” he replied. “You ask me why I rescued you. You have forgotten an unfortunate person who attempted to kidnap you one night, this same person to whom you showed kindness when he was being punished. A drop of water and a little pity --- that is more than I can repay with my life. You have forgotten that unfortunate soul, but he remembers it.”
15 She listened to him with profound tenderness. A tear swam in the eye of Quasimodo, but did not fall. He seemed to make it a point of honour to keep it at bay.
(Adaptation from The Hunchback of Notre-Dame by Victor Hugo)
Para. 14 & 15
why引导宾语从句，作ask的宾语。
“我明白了，”他回答道，“你问我为什么要救你，你忘了，有天晚上，有个坏家伙想绑架你，你却在他被惩罚时对他表示友善，我即使为你赴汤蹈火，也报答不了那滴水和你的怜悯之心，你已经忘记了那个不幸的人了，他却还记着你的恩情。”
她带着满心温柔听完他的话，一滴泪珠在卡西莫多的眼眶里滚动，却没有落下来，似乎不让眼泪落下来，他就可以维护自己的尊严。
（改编自维克多·雨果的《巴黎圣母院》）
荣誉问题，为维护脸面必须做的事
The Hunchback of Notre-Dame 巴黎圣母院
who引导定语从句，修饰person。
to whom引导定语从句，修饰person。
when引导时间状语从句，表示“当……时”。
keep sth. at bay 阻止/ 遏制令人不愉快的事情
make + it + 宾补（名词词组）+ to do... 是复合宾语结构。
词组短语用法分析
1. hunchback
2. fall in love with
3. kidnap
4. capture
5. torture
6. step forward(s)
7. out of mercy
8. be sentenced to death
9. rescue sb. from
10. cathedral
11. be safe from...
12. execution
13. as long as
14. predicament
15. repulsive
16. defect
17. beyond (one’s) comprehension
18. melancholy
词、短语及句型
19. adjust to
20. break the silence
21. as though hesitating whether to do
22. heartfelt
23. exquisite
24. utter
25. in any case
pare myself to/with
27. immense
28. resemble
29. whilst
30. intently
31. attempt to
32. repay with
33. profound
34. a point of honour
35. keep sth. at bay
词、短语及句型
维克多·雨果，1802年出生于法国，小说家、诗人和剧作家，浪漫主义运动的成员。作为法国最伟大的作家之一，他被誉为“法国的莎士比亚”。
雨果首先是作为一名诗人在他20来岁的时候一举成名。在后来的不到十年间，他发表了最著名的作品之一，《巴黎圣母院》。这部小说立即大获成功，而且也被视为浪漫主义的代表作。至今它也是最受喜爱的作品之一。
雨果简介
维克多·雨果（Victor Hugo，1802年2月26日—1885年5月22日），法国作家，19世纪前期积极浪漫主义文学的代表作家，人道主义的代表人物，法国文学史上卓越的资产阶级民主作家，被人们称为“法兰西的莎士比亚”。一生写过多部诗歌、小说、剧本、各种散文和文艺评论及政论文章，在法国及世界有着广泛的影响力。
1802年，雨果生于法国白桑松，上有兄长二人。13岁时与兄长进入寄读学校就学，兄弟均成为学生领袖。雨果在16岁时已能创作杰出的诗句，21岁时出版诗集，声名大噪。1845年，法王路易·菲利普绶予雨果上议院议员职位，自此专心从政。1848年法国二月革命爆发，法王路易被逊位。雨果于此时期四出奔走鼓吹革命，为人民贡献良多，赢得新共和政体的尊敬，晋封伯爵，并当选国民代表及国会议员。三年后，拿破仑三世称帝，雨果对此大加攻击，因此被放逐国外。此后20年间各处漂泊，此时期完成小说《悲惨世界》。1870年法国恢复共和政体（法兰西第三共和国），雨果亦结束流亡生涯，回到法国。1885年，雨果辞世，于潘德拉举行国葬。
1831年，雨果的长篇小说《巴黎圣母院》（Notre-Dame de Paris）问世，这部小说是雨果最富有浪漫主义小说。小说通过描写善良的吉普赛少女爱斯梅拉达在中世纪封建专制下受到摧残和迫害的悲剧，反映了专制社会的黑暗，反动教会的猖獗和司法制度的残酷， 突出了反封建的主题。《巴黎圣母院》是雨果最富有浪漫主义小说。小说的情节曲折离奇，紧张生动，变幻莫测，富有戏剧性和传奇色彩。小说表现了雨果对封建政府和教会的强烈憎恨，同时也反映了他对下层人民的深切同情。
《巴黎圣母院》小说情节简介：
故事发生在中世纪。“愚人节”那天，流浪的吉卜赛艺人在广场上表演歌舞，有个叫埃斯梅拉达的吉卜赛姑娘吸引了来往的行人，她长得美丽动人舞姿也非常优美。
这时，巴黎圣母院的副主教克罗德·弗罗洛一下子对美丽的梅拉达着了迷，他内心燃烧着情欲之火，疯狂地爱上了她。于是他命令教堂敲钟人，相貌奇丑无比的卡西莫多把埃斯梅拉达抢来。结果法国国王的弓箭队长法比救下了埃斯梅拉达，抓住了卡西莫多。他把敲钟人带到广场上鞭笞，善良的吉卜赛姑娘不计前仇，反而送水给卡西莫多喝。
敲钟人虽然外貌丑陋，内心却纯洁高尚，他非常感激埃斯梅拉达，也爱上了她。天真的埃斯梅拉达对法比一见钟情，两人约会时，弗罗洛悄悄在后面跟着，出于嫉妒，他用刀刺伤了法比，然后逃跑了。埃梅斯拉达却因谋杀罪被判死刑。
卡西莫多把埃斯梅拉达从绞刑架下抢了出来，藏在巴黎圣母院内，弗罗洛趁机威胁吉卜赛姑娘，让她满足他的情欲，遭到拒绝后，把她交给了国王的军队，无辜的姑娘被绞死了。卡西莫多愤怒地把弗罗洛推下教堂摔死，他拥抱着埃斯梅拉达的尸体也死去了。
1.▲hunchback/ h nt b k/ n. 驼背
He's a hunchback, and he's horrid. 他是个驼背，样子很吓人。
She had never seen a hunchback. 她从来没见过驼背。
Was he really a hunchback 他真的是驼背吗？
The king of the country was a little old hunchback man.
这个国家的国王是一个驼背小老头。
2.▲ fall in love with爱上; 爱上某人; 坠入爱河; 喜爱
Slowly but surely she started to fall in love with him.
虽然缓慢，但她确实开始爱上他了。《柯林斯英汉双解大词典》
How could she have been so foolish as to fall in love with him
她怎么这么傻，竟爱上了他？《牛津词典》
But how can I fall in love with someone I hate 可我怎会爱上一个我讨厌的
人呢？
Many foreign tourists fall in love with China the first time they pay a visit to this great country. 很多外国游客在第一次访问中国这个伟大国家时，就爱上了她。
3.▲ kidnap v. 绑架，劫持
复数/三单 kidnaps 现在分词 kidnap(p)ing 过去式/过去分词 kidnap(p)ed
Police have uncovered a plot to kidnap the President's son.
警方已侦破一起绑架总统之子的阴谋。《牛津词典》
They gave up the attempt to kidnap the child. 他们放弃了诱拐小孩的企图。
Two businessmen have been kidnapped by terrorists. 两名商人遭恐怖分子绑架。
4.▲ capture v. 俘获，捕获；夺取，占领；吸引，引起
复数/三单 captures现在分词 capturing过去式 captured过去分词 captured
The boy captured the girl’s heart. 这男孩俘获了这女孩的心。
Her paintings capture the beauty of the countryside in autumn.
她的油画捕捉住了秋天的乡村之美。
Their music continues to capture the imagination of the American public.
他们的音乐持续吸引着美国公众的兴趣。《柯林斯英汉双解大词典》
5.▲torture / t t (r)/ v. 拷打，拷问，严刑逼供；造成精神上的巨大痛
苦；扭曲
n. 拷打，拷问，酷刑逼供；折磨，煎熬 (复数/三
单 tortures现在分词 torturing过去式 tortured过去
分词 tortured)
He would not torture her further by trying to argue with her.
他不会通过和她争吵而进一步折磨她。《柯林斯英汉双解大词典》
He was tortured into giving them the information.
他受不住酷刑被迫向他们供出了情报。
Many of the refugees have suffered torture (n.).
许多难民都遭受过拷打。《牛津词典》
No torture (n.) would make him speak.
任何严刑拷打都不能使他开口。《新英汉大辞典》
6.▲step forward(s) 主动站出来；自告奋勇；走出，向前进；站出来
The boy was the first to step forwards. 这男孩是第一个站出来的。
Step forward please. 请向前迈一步。
You will step forward and give your name. 往前一步，说出自己的名字。
I saw him step forward momentarily but then hang back, nervously massaging his hands. 我看到他向前走了片刻，然后却退缩不前，忐忑不安地搓着手。《柯林斯英汉双解大词典》
7.▲out of mercy 出于仁慈; 出于怜悯
Forgiveness flows out of mercy. 饶恕来自怜悯。
Out of mercy, the man gave the girl a piece of bread.
出于怜悯，这男子给了这女孩一块面包。
※without mercy 无情地；毫不留情地
Farmers hunted us without mercy. 农民毫不留情地捕杀我们。
The newspaper attacked him without mercy. 报纸对他进行了无情地攻击。
8.▲be sentenced to death 被判死刑；判处死刑（主动式：sentence sb. to death）
If you can not produce more evidence, you will be sentenced to death.
如果你不能拿出更多的证据你就会被判死刑。
He suggested that the murderer referred to be sentenced to death at once.
他建议所涉及到的杀人凶手立刻被判处死刑。
You can be sentenced to death if you commit a serious crime in this state.
在这个州，你如果犯了重罪的话，可能会被判处死刑。
9.▲rescue sb. from 从……救某人; 从……把某人营救出来
With the help of a ladder, neighbours were able to rescue the children from the blaze.
邻居们借助一把梯子把孩子们从大火中救了出来。《牛津词典》
They were rescued from the fire by the rescue helicopter.
他们被援救的直升机从大火中解救了出来。
The lifeboat was sent out to rescue the sailors from the sinking ship.
救生艇被派出去营救正在下沉的船上的船员。
My parents had to rescue me from kidnappers.
我的父母不得不从绑匪那里营救我。
10.▲cathedral /k θi dr l/ n. 大教堂；主教堂；教堂
The town is famous for its cathedral.
这个城镇以大教堂著名。《牛津词典》
We hope to visit the cathedral, if time permits.
如果时间允许，我们希望能参观一下主教座堂。《牛津词典》
We're standing right here by St. Paul's Cathedral.
我们就站在圣保罗大教堂旁边。
11.▲ be safe from... 免受……； 免受……的伤害；不会遭到……的危险
They are safe from the violence that threatened them.
他们不会受到威胁性暴力的伤害。《柯林斯英汉双解大词典》
Floating cities will be safe from flooding.
漂浮的城市不会被洪水淹没。
Is this floor safe from the fire
这层楼够安全不会受到火灾波及吗？
12.▲execution / eks kju ( )n/ n. 执行，实施，完成；处决，死刑
The idea was good, but the execution was poor.
这个主意倒不错，可实施情况不理想。《牛津词典》
He faced execution by hanging for murder.
他因谋杀要以绞刑处死。《牛津词典》
He had failed in the execution of his duty.
他未能履行职责。《牛津词典》
13.▲as long as 只要（连词，引导条件状语从句）；和……一样长
We'll go as long as the weather is good. 只要天气好我们就去。《牛津词典》
As long as you're happy, that's all that matters.
只要你幸福，这就是最重要的事情。《牛津词典》
You are welcome to come and stay as long as you give us plenty of notice.
只要你及时通知，我们都欢迎你来住宿。《牛津词典》
As long as I live, I have enough for me and the child.
只要我能活着，有足够的钱养活我和孩子。
Stay as long as you like. 你愿待多久就待多久。《牛津词典》
I've known her at least as long as you have.
我认识她至少和你认识她的时间一样久了。《牛津词典》
14.▲predicament /pr d k m nt/ n. 窘况，困境；状态 复数 predicaments
I'm in a terrible predicament.
我的处境十分尴尬。《牛津词典》
I am in the identical predicament with yourself.
我和你处于同样的窘境之中。《新英汉大辞典》
Mr Medvedev is in a much worse predicament.
梅德韦杰夫先生处在一个糟糕的多的境地。
15.▲repulsive /r p ls v/ adj. 排斥的；令人厌恶的；击退的；冷淡的
None of it is repulsive to Me. 我不排斥任何一端。
Repulsive, if you ask me. 令人厌恶的，如果你问我。
She didn't consider me repulsive.
她不认为我让人反感。
Attractive and repulsive forces are balanced.
吸引力和排斥力达到平衡。
16.▲defect / di fekt/ n. 缺点，缺陷，毛病; v. 背叛，叛变
He was born with a hearing defect.
他天生听力就有缺陷。《柯林斯英汉双解大词典》
Children with the defect need all the help.
有缺陷的孩子需要各种帮助。
The washing machine would not work because of a defect in the switch.
这台洗衣机的开关有问题，不能用了。
My color is simply a genetic defect.
我的肤色只不过是遗传缺点。
17.▲ beyond (one's) comprehension超越了她的理解；费解；无法理解；不可思议
This was utterly beyond her comprehension.
这完全超出了她的理解力。《柯林斯英汉双解大词典》
What Jock had done was beyond my comprehension.
乔克的所作所为让我摸不着头脑。《柯林斯英汉双解大词典》
Unlike many other people, however, I have never called God the light, because God is beyond our comprehension.
然而，不同于其它的人，我从不称上帝为光，因为上帝超越了我们的理解。
It's totally beyond your comprehension. 这的确超出你的理解。
You've seen it. There cannot be any survivors; it just would be beyond comprehension.
你已经看到了，不可能有幸存者，简直是难以想象。
During such times, the pain is intense, the fear is beyond comprehension and the confusion is great. 有时候，痛是如此强烈，恐惧包围着你，混淆了一切！
18.▲ melancholy / mel nk li/ n. 忧郁；悲哀；愁思
All at once I fell into a state of profound melancholy.
我立即陷入无限的愁思之中。《新英汉大辞典》
The boy's soul was steeped in melancholy; his feelings were in happy accord with his surroundings.
他的灵魂沉浸在忧郁之中；他的感情与周围的环境正一致。
The melancholy song died away.
哀婉的歌声渐渐消失了。《牛津词典》
A mood of melancholy descended on us.
一种悲伤的情绪袭上我们的心头。《牛津词典》
The setting sun lent an air of melancholy to the scene.
落日给景色增添了伤感的气氛。牛津词典》
The only sounds were the distant, melancholy cries of the sheep.
惟一的声音是远处的羊群的哀叫。《柯林斯英汉双解大词典》
Alice replied in a very melancholy voice. 爱丽丝回答到，声音里带着忧愁。
19.▲adjust to调节；调整以适应
How did you adjust to college life
你是怎么适应大学生活的？《柯林斯英汉双解大词典》
It took her a while to adjust to living alone.
她过了一段时间才适应独自生活。《牛津词典》
We need to adjust to this changing climate.
我们需要适应这种不断变化的气候。
America is a competitive society; our kids need to adjust to that.
美国是一个竞争激烈的社会；我们的孩子需要适应这一点。
I hope that you will soon adjust to this new environment.
我希望你能很快适应这种新环境。
20.▲break the silence打破沉默；打破宁静
Nobody wants to break the silence, so the atmosphere in the room is pretty weird.
没有人愿意打破沉默，所以屋子里的氛围十分怪异。
What if I break the silence
如果我打破沉默又怎样？
No one to break the silence.
没人打破沉默。
It is time, however, to break the silence.
无论如何，是打破沉默的时候了。
Therefore, let's break the silence and applaud for ourselves first!
那么就让我们打破沉静，把第一次的掌声献给我们自己！
21.▲ as though hesitating whether to do 好像在犹豫要不要去做某事
She stood there as if hesitating whether to go to his house.
她站在那儿，好像在犹豫是否去到他家里去。
The father in rages came to the school gate, as if hesitating whether to go to the class to see his vain daughter.
这位衣衫褴褛的父亲来到校门口，好像在犹豫是否去班里见他那爱慕虚荣的女儿。
He retired with bowed head, traversed the antechamber, and slowly descended the stairs, as though hesitating at every step.
他低着头退回去，穿过前厅，慢慢走下楼梯，好象步步迟疑。
21.【As if to do与as if doing区别】
As if to do与as if doing的语义辨析
具体看看as if to do与as if doing的区别问题：
①The man sitting opposite me smiled dreamily， as if ____ something pleasant in the past.
A. to remember B. remembered C. having been remembered D. remembering
② He shook his head as if to say “Don t trust them.”
问题是：这里第一题的答案是选项D，使用的是as if doing的结构，但为什么句②中的as if后面用to呢？如果可以用to，那第一题为什么不选选项A呢？
这个问题实质是问as if to do与as if doing到底如何区分。
下面从语义的角度分析两者的区别。
由于不定式to do具有表示动作未发生的特点，因此as if to do表示一个尚未发生的动作，相当于说as if sb. is going to do或as if sb. is about to do。此外，不定式to do往往具有目的含义，所以as if to do也可具有目的含义。由于现在分词doing具有表示动作已发生或正在发生的特点，因此as if doing表示一个已经发生或正在发生的动作，相当于说as if sb. has done/did/is doing。需注意的是，这里所说未发生或已发生，一般是以谓语动作为参照，而不是以“现在”作为参照时间。
21.【As if to do与as if doing区别】
下面我们就通过分析例句来加深对两者的理解：
①John opened his mouth，as if to protest. But he thought better of it.
约翰张开了嘴巴，似乎准备要抗议，但后来想想还是算了。
解析：这句话中as if后面使用了不定式，因为as if后面出现的动作protest只能发生在动作opened之后，即在动作opened发生的时候，protest尚未发生。这点可以从but后边的句子得到证明。
②He opened his mouth，as if to yawn. 他张开嘴，好像要打哈欠似的。
解析：这句话中as if后面使用了不定式，因为as if后面出现的动作yawn只能发生在动作opened之后，即在动作opened发生的时候，yawn尚未发生。
③He climbed the mountain as though walking upon flat ground.他爬山如履平地。
解析：这里的as though后面紧接walking，意指现在的动作，和前面的动作climb几乎同时发生，是目前正在进行的动作。
④He put his head on the desk as if sleeping.他趴在课桌上好像在睡觉。
解析：这里的as if sleeping=as if he was sleeping.表示动作正在进行，和前面的动作put同时发生。在“趴下”那一时刻就发生了“睡觉”这一行为，不能用to sleep。
21.【As if to do与as if doing区别】
【句法功能比较】
①“as if doing” 是 “as if + 与主句一致的主语 + 一般时（现在或过去）或进行时” 的省略，如：
He walked by at a leisurely pace, looking (as if having) all the time in the world.
【= (as if he had) all the time in the world.】他悠闲地走过，仿佛时间对他来说是无穷无尽的。
The cheats pretended to cut out cloth at the table, (as if making) the clothes for the emperor.
【= (as if they were making) the clothes for the emperor.】骗子假装在案子上裁布，好像在为皇帝缝制衣服。
②“as if to do”是“as if + 与主句一致的主语 + 将来时”的省略，如：
I made a fierce countenance (as if to) eat him alive. 【= (as if I would) eat him alive.】
我恶狠狠地拉起脸来，仿佛要把他活生生地吞下去。
He rushes out of the room, (as if to meet) some important person.
【(as if he will meet) some important person.】 他冲出房间，好像是要去迎接某个重要人物似的。
22.▲heartfelt / hɑ tfelt/ adj. 由衷的，诚挚的
Ladies and gentlemen, on behalf of our government, I'd like to extend a sincere welcome and heartfelt gratitude.
女士们、先生们，我谨代表我国政府，向各位表示诚挚的欢迎和衷心的感谢。
I would like to take this opportunity to express my heartfelt gratitude to
you for your help when I was in difficulty.
借此机会，我谨对您在我最困难的时候给予我的帮助表示衷心的感谢。
A heartfelt welcome to everyone! 衷心欢迎你们的到来！
It wasn't very long, but it was heartfelt. 不长，却发自内心。
Now here I want to express my heartfelt gratitude to him!
此时此刻，我真心实意地感谢他。
On this special day, I extend my heartfelt respects to you!
在这特别的日子里，我要把一份崇高的敬意献给您！
23.▲exquisite/ k skw z t/ adj. 精致的，精美的；剧烈的；细致的，有鉴赏力的
The room was decorated in exquisite taste.
这个房间的装饰情趣高雅。《牛津词典》
It was a scene of exquisite beauty. 这是精致美丽的景象。
Qipao, as an exquisite Chinese clothing, originates from
China's Manchu Nationality.
旗袍是一种雅致的中国服饰，源于中国的满族。
24.▲utter / t (r)/ v. 说，讲；发出（声音）；使用（伪钞）；发射
She did not utter a word during lunch (= said nothing) .
进午餐时，她一言未发。
She ran into the middle of the room, unable to utter one tone, she was so out of breath. 她跑到屋子中间，一个字也说不出来，上气不接下气。
Why don't you utter a word 你怎么不开腔？《新英汉大辞典》
25.▲in any case无论如何
In any case, if I could do it again, I'd still make the same choice.
无论如何，如果我可以再做一次，我仍然会做出同样的选择。
In any case neither toothache nor a visit to a dentist is very pleasant.
无论如何，无论是牙痛还是看牙医都不是很愉快的事。
In any case we remained friends. 不管怎样，我们还是朋友。
There's no point complaining now—we're leaving tomorrow in any case.
现在抱怨毫无意义，不管怎样我们明天都要离开。《牛津词典》
26.▲ compare myself to/with 把自己同...比较
I couldn't even start to compare myself to them.
我甚至已经不能拿自己和她们相比了。
I'm not foolish enough to compare myself with her.
我不会愚蠢到拿自己去跟她比。
I know it is not proper to compare myself with them on the basis of what physical possessions they have. 我知道和他们在所拥有的物质上做比较是不合适的。
27.▲immense / mens/ adj. 极大的，巨大的；非常好，极好；无边无际的
He had immense industry but he didn't know how to think.
他非常卖力，就是不知道怎样思考。《新英汉大辞典》
The benefits are immense. 效益是极大的。《牛津词典》
The town takes immense pride in recent achievements.
镇上的居民为最近的成就感到无比自豪。《柯林斯英汉双解大词典》
There is still an immense amount of work to be done.
还有非常非常多的工作没有做。《牛津词典》
I wish to express my gratitude to Kathy Davis for her immense practical help.
我想向凯西 戴维斯表达谢意，因为她给了我许多实际帮助。
28.▲resemble /r zemb( )l/ v. 像，与……相似
Gina is the exact opposite of her little sister, though they resemble each other
in appearance.
尽管她们长得很像，但是吉娜和她妹妹截然不同。
So many hotels resemble each other. 许多酒店看上去都差不多。《牛津词典》
They resemble real people. 他们像真人一样。
29.▲whilst /wa lst/ conj. 当……的时候；与……同时；然而；虽然，尽管；直到……为止（等于 while）
He gained valuable experience whilst working on the project.
从事这项工程使他获得了宝贵的经验。《牛津词典》
My mother died whilst I was yet a boy.
我母亲在我还是个孩子的时候就去世了。
All the ladies stood round her, whilst the kissing was going on.
当接吻正在进行的时候，所有的女士都围绕着她站着。
Whilst you are travelling there will be challenging moments.
在你旅行的时候，会有挑战时刻的到来。
30.▲intently / n tentli/ adv. 专心地；一心一意地；心无旁骛地
She looked at him intently. 她目不转睛地看着他。《牛津词典》
The children were following every word of the story intently.
孩子们一字不漏地专心听故事。《牛津词典》
She listened intently, but there was no answer. 她聚精会神地听着，可是没有回答。
31.▲ attempt to尝试，企图；试图做某事
Do not attempt to repair this yourself. 不要试图自己修理这个东西。
I will attempt to answer all your questions. 我将努力回答你的全部问题。《牛津词典》
The only time that we attempted to do something like that was in the city of Philadelphia. 我们惟一一次试图做那样的事是在费城。
Don't attempt to do so much in such a short time.
不要想在这么短的时间内干这么多的事。
32.▲repay with用……来偿还; 报答；酬谢
Is still not rapidly quick to repay with your mother be not, say that you don't walk ! 还不快快与你母亲赔不是，说你不走了？ ！
In the family, we do their job, I will repay with excellent results to parents, the family happy. 在家庭中，我们各尽其职，我会用优异的成绩来报答父母，一家人快快乐乐。
33.▲profound /pr fa nd/ adj. （影响）深刻的；（感情）强烈的；（思想）深邃的，（见解）深刻的
Her speech made a profound impact on everyone.
她的讲话对每个人都有深远的影响。《牛津词典》
This is a book full of profound, original, and challenging insights.
这是一本充满高深、新颖且富有挑战性见解的书。
This has a profound impact on the brand. 这对品牌来说是影响深远的。
My father's death had a profound effect on us all.
父亲的去世深深地影响了我们全家。
34.▲ a point of honour 为维护脸面必须做的事；有尊严的事
I regard it as a point of honour always to keep my promises.
我把始终恪守诺言看作是事关名誉的大问题。
I always pay my debts punctually; it's a point of honour with me.
我还债总是很准时，这是我的名誉问题。
It was a point of honour with the washwoman to return the wash to its rightful owner.
对那个洗衣妇来说把所洗的衣物归还给原主是个信誉问题。
35.▲ keep sth. at bay （=to prevent something unpleasant from reaching, attacking, or affecting you） 是固定搭配，阻止，遏制（令人不愉快的事物）；使无法近身；保持在海湾；不使逼近；不使迫近
A think wall keeps the noise at bay.一道厚实的墙挡住了噪音。
He ordered his soldiers to keep the enemy at bay. 他命令他的士兵死守海湾。
The old couple pay great attention to health care and keep the tumors at bay in their old age. 这对夫妇非常注重养生，预防老年得癌症。
I'm trying to keep my creditors at bay. 我在竭力避开债主。《牛津词典》
Fortunately, other Greek soldiers dropped down beside him and helped keep the enemy at bay. 幸运的是，其他希腊士兵也与他一起掉了下去，帮助他们让敌人走投无路。
I do what it takes to focus and keep failure at bay.
我尽一切力量来集中精力，让失败远离。
In the markets, a few simple steps can help keep one's emotions at bay.
在市场上，几个简单的步骤就能帮助投资者控制自己的情绪。
These fatty acids also keep belly fat at bay. 这种脂肪酸同时还能使腹部苗条。
1. hunchback
2. fall in love with
3. kidnap
4. capture
5. torture
6. step forward(s)
7. out of mercy
8. be sentenced to death
9. rescue sb. from
10. cathedral
11. be safe from...
12. execution
13. as long as
14. predicament
15. repulsive
16. defect
17. beyond (one's) comprehension
18. melancholy
n. 驼背
爱上; 爱上某人; 坠入爱河; 喜爱
v. 绑架，劫持
v. 俘获，捕获；夺取，占领
v. 拷打，拷问，严刑逼供
主动站出来；自告奋勇
出于仁慈; 出于怜悯
被判死刑；判处死刑
从……救某人; 从……把某人营救出来
复习回顾
n. 大教堂；主教堂；教堂
免受……的伤害；不会遭到……的危险
n. 执行，实施，完成；处决，死刑
只要（引导条件状语从句）；和……一样长
adj. 排斥的；令人厌恶的；击退的；冷淡的
n. 窘况，困境；状态
n. 缺点，缺陷，毛病
超越了……理解；费解；无法理解；不可思议
n. 忧郁；悲哀；愁思
19. adjust to
20. break the silence
21. as though hesitating whether to do
22. heartfelt
23. exquisite
24. utter
25. in any case
pare myself to/with
27. immense
28. resemble
29. whilst
30. intently
31. attempt to
32. repay with
33. profound
34. a point of honour
35. keep sth. at bay
调节；调整以适应
打破沉默；打破宁静
好像在犹豫要不要去做某事
adj. 由衷的，诚挚的
adj. 精致的；细致的，有鉴赏力的
v. 说，讲；发出（声音）
无论如何
把自己同...比较
adj. 巨大的;非常好; 极好；无边无际的
复习回顾
v. 像，与……相似
conj. 当……的时候；然而；虽然，尽管
adv. 专心地；一心一意地；心无旁骛地
尝试，企图；试图做某事
是固定搭配，阻止，遏制（令人不愉快的事物）
为维护脸面必须做的事；有尊严的事
adj. （影响）深刻的；（感情）强烈的
用……来偿还; 报答；酬谢
1. Recite all the words and expressions we have learned in our class.
2. Try to remember the usage of the Usful Expressions often use after reading.
Homework