Unit 1 Face values Using language 课件（共59张） 2024-2025学年高二英语外研版（2019）选择性必修3

(共59张PPT)
Unit 1 Face values
Using language
To learn how to identify the uses of noun clauses.
To master the use of the subject clauses.
To practice using and translating the subject clauses.
Learning objectives
assumption n. 假定，假设 5
saving n. 积蓄 5
wefare n. 帮助；福利 5
psychology n. 心理，心理过程 6
finding n. 研究的结果；发现 6
*frightful adj. 可怕的 7
*monstrous adj. 丑陋的；骇人的 7
*righteous adj. 正派的，正直的 7
*outward adj. 外表的，表面的 7
*beast n. （尤指体型庞大或危险的）野兽 7
*timid adj. 胆小的，胆怯的 7
*coward n. 胆小鬼；懦夫 7
*bookish adj. 好读书的，书呆子气的 7
*loyal adj. 忠贞的，忠实的，忠诚的 7
Words and expressions
Key Vocabulary
重点词汇
l. ____________ n.帮助;福利
2. ____________ n.心理，心理过程
3. ____________ adj.外表的，表面的
4. ____________ adj.胆小的，胆怯的
5. ____________ n.胆小鬼;懦夫
6. ____________ adj.好读书的，书呆子气的
7. ____________ n.研究的结果;发现
8. ____________ n.(尤指体型庞大或危险的)野兽
Vocabulary development
词汇拓展
1. ____________ n. 假定，假设→____________vt.假定;认为;承担
(责任);就(职)→ ________________________ 对……作出假设
2. ____________n. 积蓄→____________ vt.& vi.储蓄;攒钱
3. ____________ adj.可怕的→____________n.惊吓;恐怖 → ____________
vt.使惊吓，使害怕→____________ adj.受惊的;害怕的→ ____________ adj.令人害怕的;吓人的
4. ____________ adj.丑陋的;骇人的→____________ n.怪物
5. ____________ adj.正派的，正直的→____________ n. 正当;公正
6.____________ adj.忠贞的，忠实的，忠诚的→ ____________ 对.…
忠诚→ ____________ adj.不忠诚的→____________ n.忠诚
Key Phrase
重点短语
1. ________________________ 假设
2. __________________适用于;向……申请
3. __________________秘密地
4. __________________创造记录
5. __________________把……变成……
6. __________________认为……是……
7. __________________寻找
8. __________________事实上
Subject clauses
主语从句
Subject clauses
Look at the sentences and answer the questions. Sentences (a) and (c) are from the reading passage.
1
a ... what I say is that my pictures aren’t hurting anyone, so who cares
b “That my pictures aren’t hurting anyone is what I say, so who cares ”
________________________________________________________
c It’s true that inner beauty is very important ...
d That inner beauty is very important is true ...
1 What is the role of the words in bold in each sentence
The role of the words in bold in each sentence is to act as the subject of the sentence.
Subject clauses
Look at the sentences and answer the questions. Sentences (a) and (c) are from the reading passage.
1
a ... what I say is that my pictures aren’t hurting anyone, so who cares
b “That my pictures aren’t hurting anyone is what I say, so who cares ”
________________________________________________________
c It’s true that inner beauty is very important ...
d That inner beauty is very important is true ...
2 In sentence(a), what does “what” refer to
In sentence (a), “what” refers to the thing(s) that/which the speaker says.
3 What does “it” refer to in sentence (c)
In sentence (c), it refers to “that inner beauty is very important”.
Subject clauses
Look at the sentences and answer the questions. Sentences (a) and (c) are from the reading passage.
1
a ... what I say is that my pictures aren’t hurting anyone, so who cares
b “That my pictures aren’t hurting anyone is what I say, so who cares ”
________________________________________________________
c It’s true that inner beauty is very important ...
d That inner beauty is very important is true ...
4 Why does the author choose to use sentences (a) and (c) instead of sentences(b) and (d)
The author chooses to use sentences (a) and (c) to place the focus on the end of the sentences, rather than the beginning.
Subject clauses
Look at the sentences and answer the questions. Sentences (a) and (c) are from the reading passage.
1
a ... what I say is that my pictures aren’t hurting anyone, so who cares
b “That my pictures aren’t hurting anyone is what I say, so who cares ”
________________________________________________________
c It’s true that inner beauty is very important ...
d That inner beauty is very important is true ...
Subject clauses
Look at the sentences and answer the questions. Sentences (a) and (c) are from the reading passage.
1
Now look for more sentences with subject clauses in the reading passage, and summarise their uses in your own words.
1. I mean, isn’t it better that I’m large and happy, instead of skinny
and unhealthy
2. What I really admire is the way she has acknowledged that good health not only makes us more beautiful, but happier, too!
句子
类型
简单句
并列句
复合句
主句
形容词性从句 (定语从句)
名词性从句
副词性从句(状语从句)
主语从句
宾语从句
表语从句
同位语从句
从句
Definition and types
Subject clauses
Your smile is impressive.
Don’t put off your assignment till tomorrow.
Promise, sometimes, is a lie.
We must keep the truth in mind.
China, a beautiful country, is my hometown.
Tips: Nouns can function as subject, object, predicative（表语）, appositive （同位语）.
Subject clauses
释义
What impresses me most is your smile.
Don’t put off till tomorrow what should be done today.
Promise, sometimes, is what a cheater says to a fool.
We must keep the truth in mind that all time is no time when it is past.
Tips:
Clauses that function as subject, object, predicative, appositive are called noun clauses. There are subject clauses, object clauses, predicative clauses, appositive clauses.
Subject clauses
释义
引导词
名词
主语、宾语、表语、同位语
主语从句、
宾语从句、
表语从句、
同位语从句
Subject clauses
释义
5. To find your way can be a problem.
4. Smoking is bad for you.
1. Jane works hard.
2. You are a student.
3. The old should be respected.
What’s the subject and subject clauses
6. What she said is not yet known.
结论：主语:句子说明的人或事物，一般放在______。
主语从句:在主从复合句中，充当 ____ 的从句。
句首
主语从句作主语
名词作主语
代词作主语
形容词作主语
动名词作主语
动词不定式作主语
7. It is a pity that you didn’t see him.
主语从句作主语
主语
Subject clauses
主语从句
The Subject Clause
定义：主语从句就是在复合句中作_________的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。
主语
e.g.
What he did in the earthquake moved everybody.
主语
谓语
宾语
从句
主语从句
名词性从句之一
Subject clauses
That Yuan Longping cared little for celebrity or money was true.Whether it was possible to develop the hybrid rice was in debate.Who will solve the soil problem is unknown.Which one is the best to expand output is not clear.When Yuan would retire to a life of leisure was never mentioned.Where the hybrid rice can be planted is a question.Why Yuan developed seawater rice was to feed more people.Find the linking words of subject-clause.找出主语从句有哪些不同的连接词Subject clauses重难点知识精讲——Linking-words主语从句的连接词1. That/ whether1.ThatI love English is real.2.Whetherthe boy could win made me curious.Conclusion1:引导主语从句的从属连词有：that在句中（有/无）含义，（充当/不充当）句子成分，（可/不可）省略。Whether意思是“”，(充当/不充当）句子成分。当主语从句在句首时，whether一般（能/不能）被if替换。无不充当不可不充当是否不能Subject clauses2. What/ who/ which/ whoever…1.Whatthe refugees have gone through is beyond our imagination.2.Whowould get the opportunity to travel to Beijing is unknown.3.Whichstudent would be the volunteer is not clear.4.Whoeverbreaks the law will be punished.Conclusion2:引导主语从句的连接代词主要有：谁“”、无论谁“”什么“”无论什么“”、谁的“”、哪一个“”；在句中可以充当、、表语、。whowhoeverwhatwhateverwhosewhich主语宾语定语Subject clauses3. When/ how/ why/ where1.Whenwe will leave hasn't been decided.2.Howshe keeps healthy is a secret.3.Whyhe cries is not clear.4.Wherethe meeting will be held is not known.Conclusion3:引导主语从句的连接副词，在句中做“”。主要包括：怎么样“”，为什么“”在/去什么地方“”，什么时候“”。状语howwhywherewhenSubject clauses注意：
疑问词+ever 也可引导主语从句，但不含疑问，
往往含有强调作用，意思是“无论…” 如：
whoever 无论谁
whatever 无论什么
whichever 无论哪个
whenever 无论什么时候
wherever 无论哪里
……
它们在句子中担任成分，不能省略，
语序为陈述语序
Subject clauses
“疑问词＋-ever”和“no matter＋疑问词”引导的让步状语从句
·Whatever arouses his interest can be found in the school library.
无论什么引起了他的兴趣，都可以在学校图书馆中找到。（Whatever引导主语从句）
·Eat either cake you like and leave the other for whoever comes late.
你吃一块蛋糕，将剩下的留给来晚的人。（whoever引导宾语从句）
·You can take whichever seat you like.
无论你想坐哪个座位都可以。（whichever引导宾语从句）
③“特殊疑问词＋-ever”不可与“no matter＋特殊疑问词”互换的情形
whatever，whoever和whichever除了引导让步状语从句外，还可引导名词性从句，此时不可与no matter what，no matter who和no matter which互换。
Subject clauses
主语从句太长怎么办？
That all countries work together is important.
用一个 It 来解决问题！
It is important that all countries work together.
一般来说主语从句都是放在句首,但有时为了使句子 结构平衡,★主语从句为了避免头重脚轻现象,用it做____________，而把从句放在后面充当_____________。
真正的主语
形式主语
Subject clauses
It作形式主语
1. That the earth moves around the sun is well known.
= It is well known that the earth moves around the sun.
2. That she has made such a mistake is a pity .
= It is a pity that she has made such a mistake.
3. Whether he'll come here isn't clear.
= It isn't clear whether/if he'll come here.
注意：主语从句位于句首时, 不能用if 引导, 主语从句后置时, 才可以用if引导。
用一个 It 来解决问题！
Subject clauses
It作形式主语(1) It +be+形容词（obvious, true, surprising, wonderful, possible, likely, certain) +that 从句(2) It + be +过去分词(said, reported, thought, expected, decided, announced,suggested等)+that从句(3) It + be +名词词组(a pity, a shame, good news, an honor,no wonder等)+that从句(4)It+不及物动词/动词短语(seem, appear, happen, matter, turn out, occur to等)+that 从句(5)It isnecessary/important等+ that(should)doIt issuggested/ordered等+ that(should) do接虚拟语气Subject clauses
分析句子成分
缺主宾
表定
缺状语
用连接代词
用连接副词
根据语意缺什么补什么都不缺用that或whether
主语从句的引导词 类别 连接词 说明
从属连词 两者在从句中均不作成分，只起连接作用；
连接代词 在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等成分。
连接副词 在从句中作时间、地点、方式、原因状语等成分。
that，whether
who，what，which，whoever，whatever等
when，where，how，why
whether 表“是否”，不省略
that无实义，
Subject clauses
主语从句的规律：
找出下列句子中的错误，并总结规律
例1.When will he come is not known.
规律一、主语从句一律用_________，
即_______在前，_______在后。
正：When he will come is not known.
陈述语序
主语
谓语
Subject clauses
例2. He will not come to the meeting this evening is true.
正：That he will not come to the
meeting this evening is true.
规律二、连词____在从句中无实际意义，但_____省略。
that
不能
Subject clauses
主语从句的规律：
例3. If the meeting will be put off has not been decided yet.
正：Whether the meeting will be put off has not been decided yet.
规律三、_______ 可以引导主语从句，放在句首，但____不能。
whether
if
Subject clauses
主语从句的规律：
主语从句的规律：
例4. That whether he will help others is a fact.
正：That he will help others is a fact.
规律四、主语从句中的____不能重叠使用。
连词
Subject clauses
例5. When he will come are a puzzle.
正：When he will come is a puzzle.
规律五、含主语从句的主句谓语动词多用
_________________。
第三人称单数形式
Subject clauses
主语从句的规律：
主语从句的规律：
1. What he needs is that book.
2. What he needs is some books.
规律六、what 引导的主语从句，可根据 ____决定主句
动词的单复数形式。
表语
are
Subject clauses
规律七、主语从句为了避免头重脚轻现象，用____做_________，而把主语从句放在后面。
It is known to all that the earth turns around the sun.
it
形式主语
Subject clauses
例7 That the earth turns around the sun is known to all.
1. 谁将去接他还没有确定（pick）。
__________________ hasn't been decided yet.
2. 我们是否能按时完成工作还不知道（finish）。
___________________________________ remains unknown.
3. 你喜不喜欢他都与我无关（like）。
_________________________ is none of my business.
4. 他将何时出国正在讨论之中（abroad）。
_____________________ is being discussed.
5. 英语学习中最重要的是足够的练习(matter)。
__________________in learning English is enough practice.
Complete the following sentences.
Who will pick him up
Whether we can finish the work on time
Whether you like him (or not)
What matters most
When he will go abroad
随
堂
练
习
Subject clauses
6. 她的头发正在变白让她有些担忧（turn）。
It worried her a bit ________________________.
7. 杨利伟成功地环绕地球后，我们希望的是宇航员在太空漫步（desire）。
After Yang Liwei succeeded in circling the earth,
_____________ our astronauts walk in space.
8. 任何违法的人都应该被惩罚（break） 。
______________________ should be punished.
9. 我们能同时学四门外语似乎不可能（seem）。
______________________ we can learn four foreign languages at the
same time.
10. 他竟然没向我们说一声就走了，真是奇怪。
_______________ he went away without telling us.
that her hair was turning grey
it's desired that
Whoever breaks the law
It seems impossible that
It's strange that
Subject clauses
随
堂
练
习
Complete the following sentences.
Yuan Longping devoted himself to helping feed so many people left a deep impression on me.
2. Importantly, he never gave up despite many difficulties.
He became a great person because he succeeded in developing the
hybrid rice .
句式升级
Use subject clauses to rewrite this.
is that Yuan Longping was devoted to helping feed so many people.
was important , despite many difficulties.
It
that he never gave up
made him become a great person .
What impresses me most
That he succeeded in developing the hybrid rice
Subject clauses
主语从句
复合句中用作主语的从句叫作主语从句
含义
从属连词: that, whether
连接代词: who, whoever, whom, whomever, whose, what, whatever, which, whichever
连接副词: when, where, how, why, whenever, wherever, however
连接词
注意
语序问题: 陈述语序(主语+谓语)
主谓一致问题
It作形式主语的句型
Subject clauses
Summary
主语从句三要素
Whether anyone can break her records is not sure.
主语从句不能省略_________
主语从句用 _______ 语序
主语从句做主语时，句子谓语动词一般用______
单 数
引 导 词
陈 述
Subject clauses
Subject clauses
Read the passage and choose the correct words.
2
It is a well-known fact that / what the faces some people show to the world might be completely different to their real personalities. For instance, most comedians never cease to have smiles on their faces and always sound cheerful because that's the nature of their work. From this, it's impossible to know what / where their true feelings are. Smiles imply happiness, but remember - although they might be laughing on the outside, they might be weeping on the inside. That / How others are feeling is not something that we should make assumptions about, because it's not always obvious who is truly happy. What / That is certain is that comedians often use comedy to help them understand themselves and the world. In fact, comedy is a very serious job indeed!
众所周知，有些人向世界展示的面孔可能与他们的真实个性完全不同。例如，大多数喜剧演员脸上永远挂着微笑，声音总是欢快的，因为这是他们工作的本质。从这一点上，我们不可能知道他们的真实感受。微笑意味着幸福，但是要记住——虽然他们表面上是在笑，但他们内心可能是在哭泣。别人的感受不是我们应该假设的，因为谁真正快乐并不总是显而易见的。可以肯定的是，喜剧演员经常用喜剧来帮助他们了解自己和世界。事实上，喜剧确实是一项非常严肃的工作！
It is a well-known fact that the faces some people show to the world might be completely different to their real personalities. For instance, most comedians never cease to have smiles on their faces and always sound cheerful because that's the nature of their work. From this, it's impossible to know what their true feelings are. Smiles imply happiness, but remember - although they might be laughing on the outside, they might be weeping on the inside. How others are feeling is not something that we should make assumptions about, because it's not always obvious who is truly happy. What is certain is that comedians often use comedy to help them understand themselves and the world. In fact, comedy is a very serious job indeed!
Ma Xu became a military doctor in 1947. She applied to become a paratrooper in1961, but her first application failed because there were no female paratroopers at that time. Ma was only 1.53 metres tall and weighed just 37.5 kg. But she learnt to parachute by training hard in secret. After Ma proved that she could jump as well as anyone else, her application was successful.
Ma is China's first female paratrooper. She completed over 140 parachute jumps over a period of 20 years - the most of any female paratrooper. She also set a national record as the oldest enlisted woman to do a parachute jump, at the age of 51.
In 2018, Ma donated her entire life savings to her home town in Mulan County. This donation was to support local education and public welfare.
Write an introduction to Ma Xu based on the profile. Use three or four subject clauses in your introduction.
Ma Xu is a famous paratrooper. What impress me most are her courage, skill and determination...
Subject clauses
3
马旭1947年成为军医。她于1961年申请成为一名伞兵，但由于当时没有女性伞兵，她的第一次申请失败了。马只有1.53米高，体重只有37.5公斤。但她通过秘密的刻苦训练学会了跳伞。在证明了她和其他人一样能跳之后，她的申请成功了。
马旭是中国第一位女伞兵。在20年的时间里，她完成了140多次跳伞，是所有女伞兵中跳伞次数最多的。她还以51岁的年龄创造了一项全国纪录，成为跳伞年龄最大的女性。
2018年，她将自己的全部积蓄捐给了木兰县的家乡。这笔捐款是为了支持当地的教育和公益事业。
One possible version:
It is a fascinating story that Ma Xu became a military doctor in 1947. What is even more remarkable is that she applied to become a paratrooper in 1961, despite the fact that her first application failed because there were no female paratroopers at that time. Despite being only 1.53 meters tall and weighing just 37.5 kg, it was her relentless determination that led her to learn to parachute by secretly training hard. After she had proven to everyone that she could jump as well as any other paratrooper, it was then that her application was eventually successful.
It is a proud achievement that Ma is recognized as China's first female paratrooper. What stands out even more is that she completed over 140 parachute jumps in a span of 20 years, which is the highest number recorded for any female paratrooper. It is also a testament to her dedication that she set a national record as the oldest enlisted woman to perform a parachute jump, at the age of 51.
In 2018, it was Ma's generous and selfless act that saw her donate her entire life savings to her hometown in Mulan County. The purpose of this donation was to support local education and public welfare, showcasing her deep commitment to her community. 【包含7个主语从句】
Another possible version:
It is a well-known fact that Ma Xu became a military doctor in the year 1947. What is also noteworthy is that she applied to become a paratrooper in 1961, although her initial application was unsuccessful due to the fact that there were no female paratroopers at that time. Despite her small stature, being only 1.53 meters tall and weighing just 37.5 kg, it was her determination that led her to learn to parachute by secretly training hard. And it was after she had proven that she could jump as well as anyone else that her application was finally approved.
It is true that Ma is China's first female paratrooper. It is also remarkable that she completed over 140 parachute jumps over a period of 20 years, which is the most by any female paratrooper. Additionally, she set a national record as the oldest enlisted woman to perform a parachute jump, at the age of 51.
In 2018, it was Ma who made the generous decision to donate her entire life savings to her hometown in Mulan County, with the aim of supporting local education and public welfare.【包含6个主语从句】
Another simple possible version:
Ma Xu is a famous paratrooper. What impress me most are her courage, skill and determination. It is a fact that Ma was only1.53 metres tall and weighed just 37. 5 kg when she applied to be a paratrooper.
That Ma is China's first female paratrooper makes me admire her much. She did much for our country.
What surprises me most is that Ma donated her entire life savings to her home town.【包含4个主语从句】
Subject clauses
Think of another famous person and give an introduction to the class. Use three or four subject claues in the introduction.
4
Yuan Longping, known as the "Father of Hybrid Rice," is a renowned Chinese agricultural scientist. Born in Beijing in 1930, he dedicated his life to improving global food security. In the 1960s, amid widespread famine, Yuan successfully developed the world's first hybrid rice strain, significantly boosting rice yields. His innovation not only alleviated hunger in China but also benefited numerous countries worldwide. Despite his fame, Yuan remained humble, continuing his research until his passing in 2021. His legacy lives on, inspiring future generations to innovate and contribute to society.
It is a universally acknowledged truth that Yuan Longping, famously known as the "Father of Hybrid Rice," stands as a renowned Chinese agricultural scientist. What sets his life's work apart is that, having been born in Beijing in 1930, he dedicated his entire career to advancing global food security. What is particularly remarkable about his achievements is that, amidst widespread famine in the 1960s, he successfully cultivated the world's first hybrid rice strain, thereby significantly elevating rice yields globally. What further distinguishes Yuan is that despite his immense fame, he remained modest and continued his research tirelessly until his passing in 2021. Lastly, it is his enduring legacy that continues to inspire future generations, encouraging them to innovate and contribute positively to society.
Skin deep
▲ skin deep 虚有其表；表面的；肤浅的
Beauty is only skin deep.美貌只是表面的东西。(美貌不过是一张皮。)《柯林斯英汉双解大词典》
They say that physical beauty is only skin deep.人们说外在美是肤浅的。
He knows that true beauty is more than skin deep.他懂得真美远胜于外在美。
Beauty is only skin deep, but ugly goes to the bone.美只浅及皮毛，丑却深入骨髓。
Even better is the fact that all this beauty is more than skin deep.
更好的是她的美不仅停留在表面。
Listen to the speech. Choose the title that best describes the topic and give your reasons.
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1. How to Hide Scars
2. Our True Self Lies Within
3. The Life Story of Dr Kleck
4. The Psychology of Sadness
Listen again and complete the fact sheet.
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The Scar Experiment
Basic facts
The researcher: Dr Robert Kleck
Year: _______
The procedure:
_________________ was drawn on each volunteer’s face using Hollywood-style make-up.
Dr Kleck showed the scars to the volunteers.
He ________ the scars without the volunteers’ knowing it.
The volunteers went outside and noted how people ________________.
They thought that people were ruder to them, and less kind. They thought people _______ the scars.
Findings
The volunteers _______________ others’ behaviour towards them.
Who we are in our heads, not __________
__________________.
If people choose to feel ___________________, they will actually feel that way.
1991
An ugly fake scar
removed
reacted to them
started at
imagined/ misunderstood
how we look on the outside
happy and positive
Listen again and complete the fact sheet.
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Now give a short introduction to the experiment using the information in the fact sheet.
The Scar Experiment, conducted by Dr. Robert Kleck in 1991, offers profound insights into self-image. In this experiment, volunteers were led to believe they had ugly scars on their faces using makeup, though in reality, the scars were later removed secretly. When sent out to observe people's reactions, the volunteers perceived rudeness and staring due to their imagined scars, feeling uncomfortable as a result.
The experiment highlights that our perception of ourselves significantly impacts how we interpret others' behaviors, even when those perceptions are false. It emphasizes that outer appearance is less crucial than our inner feelings about ourselves. By choosing positivity and happiness, we can shape our reality and receive it in return. Remember, your true self lies within.
One possible version:
Complete the boxes with the expressions from the speech.
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Today, I’m going to talk about...
The subject of this speech is ...
First/ Next/ Then ...
After that, ...
As you can see, ...
To sum up, ...
Today,I’m going to talk about...
The subject of this speech is ...
Defining a topic
Presenting ideas
First/ Next/ Then ...
After that, ...
Concluding
As you can see, ...
To sum up, ...
Today, I'll discuss a fascinating psychological experiment about self-image, our perception of our appearance, abilities, and personality, which shapes our interactions with the world.
In 1991, Dr. Robert Kleck conducted the Scar Experiment. He recruited ten volunteers, placed them in separate rooms, and drew ugly fake scars on their faces using Hollywood-style makeup. After showing them their reflections and pretending to enhance the scars (but actually removing the makeup), he sent them outside to observe people's reactions.
The volunteers returned reporting that people were rude and stared at their imagined scars, making them uncomfortable. However, they had no scars at all. This experiment reveals that our outer appearance matters less than how we feel about ourselves.
In conclusion, our true essence lies within our minds. By choosing to be happy and positive, we can influence how the world perceives us. Remember, your true self lies within, so cultivate a positive self-image.
Sample
Work in pairs and discuss the questions.
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1 What can you learn from the Scar Experiment
2 Does your appearance influence how you
feel inside
Today, I'll discuss a fascinating psychological experiment about self-image, our perception of our appearance, abilities, and personality, which shapes our interactions with the world.
In 1991, Dr. Robert Kleck conducted the Scar Experiment. He recruited ten volunteers, placed them in separate rooms, and drew ugly fake scars on their faces using Hollywood-style makeup. After showing them their reflections and pretending to enhance the scars (but actually removing the makeup), he sent them outside to observe people's reactions.
The volunteers returned reporting that people were rude and stared at their imagined scars, making them uncomfortable. However, they had no scars at all. This experiment reveals that our outer appearance matters less than how we feel about ourselves.
In conclusion, our true essence lies within our minds. By choosing to be happy and positive, we can influence how the world perceives us. Remember, your true self lies within, so cultivate a
positive self-image.
Sample
今天，我将讨论一个关于自我形象的有趣的心理学实验，我们对自己的外表、能力和个性的感知，这些塑造了我们与世界的互动。
1991年，罗伯特·克莱克博士进行了疤痕实验。他招募了10名志愿者，把他们安排在不同的房间里，然后用好莱坞风格的化妆品在他们脸上画出丑陋的假伤疤。在给他们看了自己的照片，并假装加重了伤疤（但实际上是卸妆）之后，他让他们到外面观察人们的反应。
志愿者回来后报告说，人们很粗鲁，盯着他们想象中的伤疤看，让他们感到不舒服。然而，他们没有任何伤疤。这个实验表明，我们的外表比我们对自己的感觉更重要。
总之，我们真正的本质在于我们的思想。通过选择快乐和积极，我们可以影响世界对我们的看法。记住，你真正的自我就在你的内心，所以培养一个积极的自我形象。
听力脚本
Hello, and thank you for coming. The subject of this speech is self-image, that is, your opinion of your own appearance, abilities, and personality. As we know, psychologists often perform experiments to learn more about human character and behaviour. Today, I'm going to talk about a psychological experiment from 1991. It’s called the Scar Experiment. This experiment was created by a psychologist called Dr Robert Kleck. First, he found ten volunteers and put each of them into a different room without mirrors. Next, he drew an ugly fake scar on each volunteer's face using make-up ---- the sort of make-up they use in Hollywood films. Then he took out a mirror and showed the volunteers their scars. Next, Dr Kleck pretended to improve the scars, but actually removed the make-up. So the volunteers thought they had scars, but they didn't.
After that, the volunteers were told to go outside, and take note of how people reacted to them. They did this, and came back. They all reported that people were ruder and less kind to them, and that people stared at their scars. As a result, they felt very uncomfortable. However, they didn't really have scars! The volunteers imagined that other people had changed their behaviour, but actually they had not.
As you can see, there's an important lesson here. It doesn't matter how we actually look --- the only thing that's important is how we feel about ourselves.
To sum up, who we are is in our heads. It's not how we look on the outside that matters, but how we feel on the inside. If we choose to be happy and positive, then we will feel that way. If we show a happy and positive face to the world, we will get one back in return. I hope you've enjoyed the speech. Thank you, and remember: your true self lies within.
听力脚本
你好，谢谢你的到来。这篇演讲的主题是自我形象，也就是你对自己的外表、能力和个性的看法。正如我们所知，心理学家经常通过实验来更多地了解人类的性格和行为。今天，我要讲一个1991年的心理学实验。这个实验叫做疤痕实验。这个实验是由心理学家Robert Kleck博士做的。首先，他找到了10名志愿者，把他们分别安排在一个没有镜子的房间里。接下来，他用化妆品在每个志愿者的脸上画了一个丑陋的假伤疤----就像好莱坞电影里的化妆一样。然后他拿出一面镜子，给志愿者们看他们的伤疤。接下来，Kleck医生假装改善了疤痕，但实际上卸妆了。所以志愿者们认为他们有伤疤，但他们没有。
在那之后，志愿者们被告知到外面去，并注意人们对他们的反应。他们这样做了，然后回来了。他们都说，人们对他们更粗鲁，更不友好，人们盯着他们的伤疤看。结果，他们感到很不舒服。然而，他们并没有真正的伤疤！志愿者们想象其他人已经改变了他们的行为，但实际上他们并没有。
正如你所看到的，这里有一个重要的教训。我们看起来怎样并不重要——唯一重要的是我们如何看待自己。
总而言之，我们是谁在我们的脑海里。重要的不是我们外表的样子，而是我们内心的感受。如果我们选择快乐和积极，那么我们就会有这样的感觉。如果我们向世界展示一个快乐和积极的面孔，我们将得到一个回报。我希望你们喜欢我的演讲。谢谢你，记住：真正的自我就在你的内心。
1 He is able to transform into various animals and objects. People often regard him as frightful or monstrous, but in fact he is just and righteous. When there’s danger, he never hesitates to protect others.
2 She is small and her face is plain. Despite a difficult childhood, she grows up to be an independent, determined and generous young woman. She remains true to herself and never loses hope in her search for love and happiness.
b. Cowardly Lion
a. Jane Eyre
c. Harry Potter
d. Monkey King
Read the descriptions and match them to the characters from literature. Pay attention to the words in bold.
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3 He has the outward appearance of the King of the Beasts, but he has a timid and sensitive character, which causes him to believe he is a coward. However, he performs brave actions even when he feels afraid, proving that he is in fact a courageous individual.
4 He is a thin and bookish boy with untidy dark hair. He doesn’t appear to be particularly tough and sometimes looks as if he lacks confidence. In reality, he is brave and loyal, and always ready for a dangerous challenge when it is necessary to do the right thing.
b. Cowardly Lion
a. Jane Eyre
Read the descriptions and match them to the characters from literature. Pay attention to the words in bold.
c. Harry Potter
d. Monkey King
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Put the words in bold into the boxes. Add any more you can think of.
Appearance
Personality
frightful, monstrous,
small, plain, thin, bookish
just, righteous, independent,
determined, generous,
timid, sensitive
courageous, tough, brave, loyal


relationship between appearance and personality
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Choose a charactor from literature and prepare a speech. Talk about the charactor’s appearance and personality. Work in pairs and make the speech to each other.
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Now give feedback and talk about whether you have used the words in this section properly in your speech.
Group Work. Our school is holding a speech contest “My Stage, My Voice”. Choose a character from literature and prepare a speech. Talk about the character’s appearance and personality.
My Stage, My Voice
A human being should be entirely beautiful: the face, the clothes, the mind, the thoughts.
----Anton Pavlovich Chekhov
Choose one of the tasks and finish it:
1.Draw a mind map of vocabulary related to appearance and personality.
2.Polish your speech about a character from literature.
Homework