Unit 3 War and peace Developing ideas 语言点 课件（共42张，内嵌音频）2024-2025学年高二英语外研版（2019）选择性必修3

(共42张PPT)
Unit 3 Developing ideas
LIANDA：A PLACE OF PASSION, BELIEF AND COMMITMENT
联大：一个充满热情、信念和奉献的地方
语言点课件
词汇短语复习巩固
academic adj. 学术的 32
*aggression n. 侵略 32
*intellectual adj. 智力的，脑力的 32
*associated adj. 联合的 32
*rough adj. 简单的；粗糙的 32
*sardine n. 沙丁鱼 32
*dire adj. 极其严重的 32
*disrupt v. 扰乱 32
*daunting adj. 吓人的，使人气馁的 32
*fortify v. 激励，加强 32
emerge v. 出现 32
*shirk v. 逃避 32
*invader n. 侵略者，侵略军 32
*depict v. 描述，描写 33
*peer n. 同龄人；同辈 33
*misty adj. 多雾的 33
*breeze n. 微风 33
*crowning adj. 使圆满的，使完美的 33
*glory n. 辉煌的成就；荣耀的事 33
*prominent adj. 著名的， 杰出的 33
*dedication n. 奉献 33
representative n. 代表 33
*commemorate v. 庆祝，为...举行纪念活动 33
*anniversary n. 周年纪念日 33
*reaffirm v. 重申，再次确定 33
*collective adj. 集体的；共同的 33
*blueprint n. 蓝图 33
sum n. 金额，款项 35
grain n. 谷物，粮食 35
relevant adj. 有关的，切题的 36
Words and expressions
词汇拓展
1.____________adj.学术的→academy n.学院;学会
2.____________n.侵略→aggressive adj.侵略的
3.____________adj.联合的→associate v.联想;联系;交往
→association n.协会;联盟
4.____________n.侵略者，侵略军→invade v.侵略;侵入
5.____________n.辉煌的成就;荣耀的事→glorious adj.光荣的
6.____________n.奉献→dedicate v.奉献
7.____________n.代表→represent v.代表;描绘
academic
aggression
associated
invader
glory
dedication
representative
重点短语
1.____________把……称为……
2.____________步行
3.____________照亮;点燃
4.____________由于
5.____________________为……打基础
6.____________许多
7.____________充当;当作
8.____________________一大笔钱
9.____________突围;突破;(克服困难或障碍)取得突破
10.____________追踪到;追查到;搜寻到
refer to...as...
on foot
light up
due to
lay the foundation for
a great many
serve as
a large sum of money
break through
track down
课文语法结构分析
Throughout history， the great thinkers of the world have often rather romantically referred to their academic struggles as being like “war”. However， for most of them， the “war” has been purely symbolic. Real war is never romantic as it brings suffering and immense challenges.
Para. 1
as引导原因状语从句，表示“因为”。
纵观历史，世界上伟大的思想家们常常把他们的学术斗争浪漫地称为“战争”。然而，对他们大多数人来说，这场“战争”纯粹是象征性的。真正的战争从来不是浪漫的，因为它会带来痛苦和巨大的挑战。
LIANDA: A PLACE OF PASSION， BELIEF AND COMMITMENT 联大：一个充满热情、信念和奉献的地方
把……称为；把……看作
In 1937， the aggression of the Japanese army brought disaster to China’s three great universities: Peking University and Tsinghua University were occupied by Japanese troops， while Nankai University was completely destroyed by bombing. To save their educational and intellectual heritage， the three universities joined together in Kunming as National Southwest Associated University， otherwise known as Lianda.
Para. 2
过去分词短语作university的非限制性定语，是补充说明。
不定式短语作目的状语
1937年，日军的侵略给中国三所著名大学带来了灾难：北京大学和清华大学被日本军队占领，南开大学被彻底炸毁。为了保护教育和知识遗产，这三所大学在昆明联合成立了国立西南联合大学，（亦）简称联大。
被……占领
LIANDA: A PLACE OF PASSION， BELIEF AND COMMITMENT 联大：一个充满热情、信念和奉献的地方
Professors and students alike in the three universities made an epic journey over a distance of more than 2,000 kilometres， most of them on foot. Their bed was the dusty road and their roof was the open sky, often lit up by exploding Japanese bombs. Conditions were little better once they reached the remote and mountainous south-west part of China. They had to live in rough buildings, packed 40 to a room, like sardines(/ sɑ di n/n.沙丁鱼). There were dire ( [ da (r)]adj. 极其严重的) shortages of food, books, and equipment. Furthermore, classes were frequently disrupted due to fierce air attacks and often had to be held before 10 am and after 4 pm.
Para. 3
once引导时间状语从句，相当于when。
这三所大学的教授和学生都进行了一段史诗般的旅程，行程超过了2，000千米，其中大部分人是步行的。他们的床是尘土飞扬的道路，他们的屋顶是开阔的天空，经常被日军的炸弹点亮。当他们到达中国偏远多山的西南地区时，情况也好不到哪里去。他们不得不住在简陋的房子里，挤得像沙丁鱼一样，一个房间里挤满40个人。食物、书籍和设备严重短缺。此外，由于猛烈的空袭，课堂经常中断，经常被迫在上午10点之前和下午4点之后上课。
独立主格结构，对前文起补充说明作用。
LIANDA: A PLACE OF PASSION， BELIEF AND COMMITMENT 联大：一个充满热情、信念和奉献的地方
过去分词短语作非限制性定语，对buildings做补充说明。
独立主格结构，对前文起补充说明作用。
由于，因为
However，despite the immense hardships and the daunting ( [ d nt ] adj.吓人的) challenges，it was right in this place, over a period of eight long years, that the nation's intellectual heritage was not only guarded but fortified ( [ f t fa ] v. 激励，加强) by the passion and belief of the worthy academics of Lianda. It is no wonder that many, if not most, of China's leading scholars and scientists emerged at Lianda, including the two Nobel Prize-winning physicists, Yang Zhenning and Li Zhengdao.
Para. 4
despite prep. 尽管。介词短语作让步状语。
It is no wonder that... 难怪.……，引导主语从句。
然而，尽管困难重重，挑战艰巨，正是在这个地方，在长达8年的时间里，我国的知识遗产不仅得到了保护，而且得到了加强，这都归功于可敬的联大学者的热情和信念。难怪在联大出现了许多(如果不是大多数的话)中国顶尖学者和科学家，包括两位诺贝尔物理学奖得主杨振宁和李政道。
if引导条件状语从句
LIANDA: A PLACE OF PASSION， BELIEF AND COMMITMENT 联大：一个充满热情、信念和奉献的地方
it was...that...是强调句型，强调时间和地点状语。
“Lianda laid the foundation for every achievement I have made，” Yang recalled. He sill remembers learning in a temporary classroom that had no glass in the windows. “On windy days, we had to hold down the paper on the desk, which would otherwise be blown away，” he said.
Para. 4
that引导定语从句修饰classroom
省略that引导的定语从句，修饰achievement作宾语。
“联大为我取得的每一项成就奠定了基础，”杨回忆说。他仍然记得在一间窗户上没有玻璃的临时教室里学习的情景。他说:“刮风的时候，我们不得不把纸压在桌子上，否则纸就会被风吹走。”
which引导的非限制性定语从句，对paper进行补充说明。
LIANDA: A PLACE OF PASSION， BELIEF AND COMMITMENT 联大：一个充满热情、信念和奉献的地方
为……奠定基础
With the country at war， students at Lianda were not going to shirk their duty. Driven by a sense of commitment, a great many joined the army to resist the Japanese invaders and defend the honour of the nation. In fact, Lianda provided the largest number of student---soldiers from any campus in China. Of the thousands of college students from all over China who served as interpreters， one tenth were from Lianda， including the well-known translators Zha Liangzheng and Xu Yuanchong. Zha later depicted the contributions of his peers in a poem:
Para. 5
including...包括，现在分词短语作状语。
with复合结构“with+n.+介词短语”作伴随状语。
由于国家处于战争状态，联大的学生不会逃避责任。在献身精神的驱使下，许多人参军抵抗日本侵略者，保卫国家的荣誉。事实上，在中国的所有校园里，联大提供的学生兵数量是最多的。在来自全国各地担任翻译的数千名大学生中，十分之一来自联大，包括著名的翻译家查良铮和许渊冲。后来，查在一首诗中描述了他的同行的贡献:
过去分词短语作原因状语
who引导定语从句，修饰college students。
LIANDA: A PLACE OF PASSION， BELIEF AND COMMITMENT 联大：一个充满热情、信念和奉献的地方
Softly， on the hillside forgotten by all，
A misty rain falls in a gentle breeze;
There is no trace of the footprints of history;
Where brave souls once stood， breathing new life into the trees.
Para. 5
there be存在句句型，There is no trace of...没有……的痕迹
……
静静的，在那被遗忘的山坡上，
还下着密雨，还吹着细风，
没有人知道历史曾在此走过，
留下了英灵化入树干而滋生。
where引导地点状语从句
LIANDA: A PLACE OF PASSION， BELIEF AND COMMITMENT 联大：一个充满热情、信念和奉献的地方
A product of the war， Lianda is now physically gone. But it has become the crowning glory of China’s modern universities, not only because of its prominent professors and talented students, but also because of the school’s strong spirit of perseverance and dedication. In 2017， representatives from Peking University, Tsinghua University, Nankai University and Yunnan Normal University gathered to commemorate the 80th anniversary of its founding.
Para. 6
from之后介词短语作定语，修饰representatives。
名词短语作方式状语,相当于As a product of the war
作为战争的产物，联大现在已经不在了。但它已经成为中国现代大学的最高荣誉，不仅因为它杰出的教授和有才华的学生，还因为学校的坚韧不拔的毅力和奉献精神。2017年，来自北京大学、清华大学、南开大学和云南师范大学的代表们齐聚一堂，纪念联大建校80周年。
LIANDA: A PLACE OF PASSION， BELIEF AND COMMITMENT 联大：一个充满热情、信念和奉献的地方
不仅……而且……表示递进关系的并列连词
More than eighty years on, the priceless contribution of Lianda still needs to be reaffirmed. It has become part of the collective memory of the Chinese nation, with its spirit as the blueprint for all universities in China in the modern era.
Para. 7
独立主格结构“with+n. +介词短语”作伴随状语
独立主格结构“n. + adv.” 作方式状语
80多年过去了，联大的无价贡献仍然需要再次肯定。它已经成为中华民族集体记忆的一部分，它的精神是现代中国所有大学的蓝图。
LIANDA: A PLACE OF PASSION， BELIEF AND COMMITMENT 联大：一个充满热情、信念和奉献的地方
课文翻译串讲
LIANDA: A PLACE OF PASSION， BELIEF AND COMMITMENT Throughout history， the great thinkers of the world have often rather romantically referred to their academic struggles as being like “war”. However， for most of them， the “war” has been purely symbolic. Real war is never romantic as it brings suffering and immense challenges. 联大：一个充满热情、
信念和奉献的地方
纵观历史，世界上伟大的思想家们常常把他们的学术斗争浪漫地称为“战争”。然而，对他们大多数人来说，这场“战争”纯粹是象征性的。真正的战争从来不是浪漫的，因为它会带来痛苦和巨大的挑战。
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1. refer to... as... 把……称为……；把……当作……
Would you like to make a living from the activity that you now refer to as a hobby
你愿意靠现在自己当做业余爱好的活动生活吗？
We referred to the youth as the rising sun in the morning. 我们把青年看作是早晨正在升起的太阳。
2. immense [ mens] adj. 极大的，巨大的
He had immense industry but he didn't know how to think.
他非常卖力，就是不知道怎样思考。《新英汉大辞典》
The benefits are immense. 效益是极大的。《牛津词典》
The town takes immense pride in recent achievements. 镇上的居民为最近的成就感到无比自豪。
In 1937， the aggression of the Japanese army brought disaster to China’s three great universities: Peking University and Tsinghua University were occupied by Japanese troops， while Nankai University was completely destroyed by bombing. To save their educational and intellectual heritage， the three universities joined together in Kunming as National Southwest Associated University， otherwise known as Lianda. 1937年，日军的侵略给中国三所著名大学带来了灾难：北京大学和清华大学被日本军队占领，南开大学被彻底炸毁。为了保护教育和知识遗产，这三所大学在昆明联合成立了国立西南联合大学，（亦）简称联大。
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3. be occupied by 被……占有；被……所占据（occupy 的被动式）
U.S. forces now occupy a part of the country.
美国军队现在占领着该国的一部分地区。《柯林斯英汉双解大词典》
Her mind is completely occupied by the new baby. 她一心扑在刚出世的宝宝身上。《牛津词典》
During the war their lands were occupied by the enemy. 战争期间他们的土地被敌人占据了。
4. otherwise adv在其他方面；另；亦
Bismarck, otherwise known as 'the Iron Charncellor'. 俾斯麦，亦称为“铁血首相”。
I wanted to see him but h was otherwise engaged(doing sth else).我想见他，但他正忙着别的事情。
Professors and students alike in the three universities made an epic journey over a distance of more than 2，000 kilometres， most of them on foot. Their bed was the dusty road and their roof was the open sky， often lit up by exploding Japanese bombs. 这三所大学的教授和学生都进行了一段史诗般的旅程，行程超过了2，000千米，其中大部分人是步行的。他们的床是尘土飞扬的道路，他们的屋顶是开阔的天空，经常被日军的炸弹点亮。
3
5. on foot 步行；在进行中
How about going there on foot 步行去怎么样？
Always we go to school on foot. 我们总是步行上学。
We went there on foot, not by car. 我们是步行去的，不是开车去的。
6. light up 照亮；点亮
Sue's face lit up with surprise. 苏的脸上露出惊讶的表情。
Do you know It's you who light up my life! 知道吗，是你，点燃了我的生命！
Mary's eyes light up. 玛丽的眼睛亮了起来。
Conditions were little better once they reached the remote and mountainous south-west part of China. They had to live in rough buildings， packed 40 to a room， like sardines(/ sɑ di n/n.沙丁鱼). There were dire ( [ da (r)]adj. 极其严重的) shortages of food， books， and equipment. Furthermore， classes were frequently disrupted due to fierce air attacks and often had to be held before 10 am and after 4 pm. 当他们到达中国偏远多山的西南地区时，情况也好不到哪里去。他们不得不住在简陋的房子里，挤得像沙丁鱼一样，一个房间里挤满40个人。食物、书籍和设备严重短缺。此外，由于猛烈的空袭，课堂经常中断，经常被迫在上午10点之前和下午4点之后上课。
7. due to prep. 由于；应归于
Many accidents were due to pilot misjudgment.
许多事故都是由于飞行员判断失误造成的。《柯林斯英汉双解大词典》
Filming was due to start next month. 影片摄制预计下个月开始。《柯林斯英汉双解大词典》
The coast road is closed due to bad weather. 由于天气恶劣，滨海公路暂时封闭。《牛津词典》
However， [despite the immense hardships and the daunting( [ d nt ] adj.吓人的) challenges]， it was right in this place， [over a period of eight long years]， that the nation's intellectual heritage was not only guarded but fortified( [ f t fa ] v. 激励，加强) by the passion and belief of the worthy academics of Lianda. It is no wonder that many， if not most， of China's leading scholars and scientists emerged at Lianda， including the two Nobel Prize-winning physicists， Yang Zhenning and Li Zhengdao. 然而，尽管困难重重，挑战艰巨，正是在这个地方，在长达8年的时间里，我国的知识遗产不仅得到了保护，而且得到了加强，这都归功于可敬的联大学者的热情和信念。难怪在联大出现了许多(如果不是大多数的话)中国顶尖学者和科学家，包括两位诺贝尔物理学奖得主杨振宁和李政道。
4
9. emerge v. 浮现，出现；显露，知悉
Richard was waiting outside the door as she emerged.
当她出现的时候，理查德正等候在门外。
Cathy Meng(孟晚舟) then emerged from the courthouse to thank her supporters.
于是孟晚舟从法院大楼出来向支持者们表示感谢。
8. It is no wonder that... 难怪……；不足为奇
It is no wonder that she should not write to you. 她不给你写信一点也不奇怪。
You past the exam It is no wonder that you look so happy. 你考试过了？怪不得你看上去这么高兴。
“Lianda laid the foundation for every achievement I have made，” Yang recalled. He sill remembers learning in a temporary classroom that had no glass in the windows. “On windy days， we had to hold down the paper on the desk， which would otherwise be blown away，” he said. “联大为我取得的每一项成就奠定了基础，”杨回忆说。他仍然记得在一间窗户上没有玻璃的临时教室里学习的情景。他说:“刮风的时候，我们不得不把纸压在桌子上，否则纸就会被风吹走。”
10. lay the foundation for 为……奠定基础
What we are learning at school will lay the foundation for the future.
我们在学校学到的将为我们的将来打下基础。
A woman should learn as much in the pattern of the early age, lay the foundation for future
career. 女人应该在花样的年龄多学点东西，为以后的事业打基础。
With this visit we can lay the foundation for the next 30 years.
由于这次访问，我们可以为今后30年打下基础。
With the country at war， students at Lianda were not going to shirk their duty. Driven by a sense of commitment， a great many joined the army to resist the Japanese invaders and defend the honour of the nation. 由于国家处于战争状态，联大的学生不会逃避责任。在献身精神的驱使下，许多人参军抵抗日本侵略者，保卫国家的荣誉。
5
11. shirk one's duty(=shirk one's responsibility)逃避义务；逃避一个人的责任
You should not shrik you duty in this matter. 在这件事情上你是逃避不了责任的。
Don't shirk responsibility. 不要推卸责任。
Will we meet our responsibilities or shirk them 我们是履行自己的责任，还是逃避责任？
12. a great many大量；很多；许多；许许多多
He made a great many mistakes. 他犯了许多的错误。
They sent a great many reporters. 他们派遣了很多记者。
I asked her a great many questions. 我问了她许多问题。
A great many of them couldn't find work. 他们当中有很多人找不到工作。
In fact， Lianda provided the largest number of student---soldiers from any campus in China. [Of the thousands of college students (from all over China) (who served as interpreters)]， one tenth were from Lianda， [including the well-known translators Zha Liangzheng and Xu Yuanchong]. Zha later depicted the contributions of his peers in a poem: 事实上，在中国的所有校园里，联大提供的学生兵数量是最多的。在来自全国各地担任翻译的数千名大学生中，十分之一来自联大，包括著名的翻译家查良铮和许渊冲。后来，查在一首诗中描述了他的同行的贡献:
13. serve as担任……，充当……；起……的作用
The sofa will serve as a bed for a night or two. 沙发可以当床凑合一两夜。《牛津词典》
She was elected to serve as secretary of the school party. 她当选为学校党组织的书记。《牛津词典》
Small towns in South India serve as economic and cultural centres for the surrounding villages.
印度南部的小城镇是周围村庄的经济文化中心。《牛津词典》
14. depict [d p kt] v. 描述，描绘
The advertisements depict smoking as attractive. 这些广告把吸烟描绘得富有吸引力。《牛津词典》
It is hard to fully depict Jiuzhaigou's rich beauty with one word.
九寨沟的风光，因它的内涵丰富，很难以一字穷述，还须继续探幽发微。
Softly， on the hillside forgotten by all， A misty rain falls in a gentle breeze; There is no trace of the footprints of history; Where brave souls once stood， breathing new life into the trees. ……
静静的，在那被遗忘的山坡上，
还下着密雨，还吹着细风，
没有人知道历史曾在此走过，
留下了英灵化入树干而滋生。
16. There is no trace of...没有任何迹象……
There is no trace of wings in the sky, but I have flown.
我没有在空中留下翅膀的影子，但我很高兴自己已经飞过。
The question is whether he is alive or dead. There is no trace of him.
问题是是他是生还是死我们无从得知他的行踪。
Historical writings suggest that there may once have been as many as 10 temples in these hills,
but today there is no trace of them.
历史记载，在这些山里曾经可能有10座寺庙，但如今已无踪迹。
15. breeze [bri z] n. 微风；细风
The flag waved in the breeze. 旗子在微风中飘扬。《牛津词典》
A light breeze was blowing. 轻风习习。《牛津词典》
A cool breeze came in through the window. 一阵清风从窗口吹来。《新英汉大辞典》
A product of the war， Lianda is now physically gone. But it has become the crowning glory of China’s modern universities， not only because of its prominent professors and talented students， but also because of the school’s strong spirit of perseverance and dedication. In 2017， representatives (from Peking University， Tsinghua University， Nankai University and Yunnan Normal University) gathered to commemorate the 80th anniversary of its founding. 作为战争的产物，联大现在已经不在了。但它已经成为中国现代大学的最高荣誉，不仅因为它杰出的教授和有才华的学生，还因为学校的坚韧不拔的毅力和奉献精神。2017年，来自北京大学、清华大学、南开大学和云南师范大学的代表们齐聚一堂，纪念联大建校80周年。
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17. the spirit of perseverance and dedication 毅力和奉献精神; 坚韧不拔的毅力和奉献精神
We students at senior high should have the spirit of perseverance and dedication to overcome
the difficulties before us. 我们高中生应该具有坚韧不拔的毅力和奉献精神克服摆在我们面前的困难。
Dreams are not realistic, but the positive attitude, the spirit of perseverance can turn it into a
reality.梦想并非现实，但积极的态度、执着的精神可以将它变成为现实。
I don't have to the ability, also do not have the spirit of perseverance, but I have a heart of
never say die. 我没有笨鸟先飞的能力，也没有坚持不懈的精神，但是我有一颗永不言败的心。
More than eighty years on， the priceless contribution of Lianda still needs to be reaffirmed. It has become part of the collective memory of the Chinese nation， with its spirit as the blueprint for all universities in China in the modern era. 80多年过去了，联大的无价贡献仍然需要再次肯定。它已经成为中华民族集体记忆的一部分，它的精神是现代中国所有大学的蓝图。
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18. priceless adj.无价的；非常有用的；宝贵的；价值连城的
Priceless antiques were destroyed in the fire.
无价之宝的古董在大火中焚毁。《牛津词典》
To some extent, time is priceless.
在某种程度上，时间是无价的。
Our children, of course, are priceless.
我们的孩子当然是无价之宝。
Your time is priceless. Are you treating it that way
你的时间是无价之宝，你是这样看待它么？
It's a priceless treasure. 这是一个无价之宝。
词组短语用法解析
重点短语
1. due to 由于，因为
2. lay the foundation for 为……打好基础；
为……奠定基础
3. hold down 按住；压制；压缩
4. a sense of ... ...感
5. not only... but also...不仅……而且……
6. fight against 与……作斗争
7. a sum of 一笔……
8. break through冲破障碍；(在某领域)
有进展或突破
9. track down 追查，追踪
1. due to由于，因为
The accident was due to excessive speed.
事故的原因在于速度过快。《牛津词典》
They arrived late due to a motorway holdup.
因为高速公路上堵车，他们迟到了。《柯林斯英汉双解大词典》
The coast road is closed due to bad weather.
由于天气恶劣，滨海公路暂时封闭。《牛津词典》
Many accidents were due to pilot misjudgment.
许多事故都是由于飞行员判断失误造成的。《柯林斯英汉双解大词典》
His mistake was due to youth and inexperience.
他失误的原因是年轻没有经验。《牛津词典》
2. lay the foundation for 为……打下基础;为……奠定基础
What we are learning at school will lay the foundation for the future.
我们在学校学到的将为我们的将来打下基础。
The exposition of this part is to lay the foundation for the starting of the whole text.
这部分内容的阐述目的是为全文内容论述的展开做一个基础性的铺垫。
A woman should learn as much in the pattern of the early age, lay the foundation for future career.
女人应该在花样的年龄多学点东西，为以后的事业打基础。
I was going to India to lay the foundation for what I had hoped would be a positive long-term relationship.
去印度是为建立我所希望的长期积极的关系奠定基础。
3. hold down 按住；压制；压缩
He never could hold down a job.
他从来就保不住自己的工作。《柯林斯英汉双解大词典》
He was unable to hold down a job after his breakdown.
他精神崩溃以后就没能保住工作。《牛津词典》
I have to hold down my post.
我得设法保住我的职位。
In other words, the Fed had to hold down interest rates.
换言之，美联储不得不压低利率。
A lot of people hold down several jobs at once and are still poor.
也有许多人同时有几分工作但仍然贫穷。
4. a sense of ... ……感
A sense of social change is pervasive in her novels.
她的小说里充斥着社会变化的意识。《牛津词典》
They are buoyed up by a sense of hope.
一线希望使他们振作起来。《柯林斯英汉双解大词典》
He took up office out of a sense of duty.
他任职是出于一种责任感。《柯林斯英汉双解大词典》
Singing can create a sense of well-being.
唱歌能产生一种幸福感。《柯林斯英汉双解大词典》
I'm afraid he doesn't possess a sense of humour.
恐怕他没有什么幽默感。《牛津词典》
5. not only...but (also)...不仅……而且……
句型公式|not only...but (also)...不但……而且……
(1)not only A but also B＝B as well as A
(2)not only...but also...连接两个分句时，若not only位于句首，其所在的分句要用部分倒装，but also后面的分句不倒装。
(3)not only...but also...连接并列主语时，谓语动词的选择要遵循“就近一致”原则。
(4)not only只能连用，而but also既可连用，也可分开用，also也可省略。
She was not only intelligent but also very musical.
她不仅聪明，而且极具音乐天分。《牛津词典》
He not only read the book, but also remembered what he had read.
他不但读了这本书，而且记得所读的内容。《牛津词典》
She spoke not only her native language, Swedish, but also English and French.她不仅讲她的母语瑞典语，还讲英语和法语。
6. fight against 与……作斗争
Experts have been discussing how to improve the fight against crime.
专家们一直在讨论如何加强打击犯罪的斗争。《柯林斯英汉双解大词典》
Scientists think they are beginning to break through in the fight against cancer.
科学家认为他们在对抗癌症的研究中开始有所突破。《牛津词典》
Scientists have developed more than 180 vaccines to fight against COVID-19.
科学家已经研发了180多种疫苗来对抗新型冠状病毒肺炎。
Actually, the whole society has been taking action to fight against food wasting for many years.
事实上，多年来整个社会一直在采取行动反对粮食浪费。
7. a sum of 一笔……
You owe a certain person a sum of money.
你欠着某人一笔钱。《柯林斯英汉双解大词典》
He did her out of a sum of money.
他骗了她一笔钱。
It is important to remember that success is a sum of small efforts made each day and often takes years of achieve.
重要的是要记住，成功是每天所做出的努力的总和，往往需要多年才能实现。
He is saving a sum of money to buy a home for his family.
他正在攒钱为家人买房子。
8. break through 冲破障碍；(在某领域) 有进展或突破
Scientists think they are beginning to break through in the fight against cancer.
科学家认为他们在对抗癌症的研究中开始有所突破。《牛津词典》
He's a very talented young actor who's just ready to break through.
他是一名天赋很高、正待破茧而出的青年演员。
She tried to break through the national barriers that hindered the exchange of ideas among the Spanish speaking peoples of South America.
她试图打破阻碍南美洲西班牙语民族之间思想交流的国界壁垒。
We hope to break through soon in the fight against AIDS.
我们希望在与艾滋病作斗争中很快有所突破。
9. track down 追查，追踪
The police have so far failed to track down the attacker.
警方至今未能追捕到攻击者。《牛津词典》
She had spent years trying to track down her parents.
她已经花了多年试图找到她的父母。《柯林斯英汉双解大词典》
These are easy enough to track down.
这些很容易追踪。
In Amsterdam, officials are using the list to track down unlicensed hotels.
在阿姆斯特丹，官员们正使用这张名单来追踪无证经营的酒店。
She had spent years trying to track down her parents.
她已经花了多年试图找到她的父母。
1. due to
2.lay the foundation for
3.hold down
4.a sense of
5. not only... but also...
6.fight against
7.a sum of
8.break through
9.track down
由于，因为
为……打好基础；为……奠定基础
……感
不仅……而且……
与……作斗争
一笔……
冲破障碍；(在某领域)有进展或突破
复习回顾
追查，追踪
按住；压制；压缩
语法填空
There was a dynasty 1. (call) Zhou in the Chinese history.One day, the king of Zhou asked his 2. (official) for advice on dealing with the prisoners of war.An official said, “If you love someone, you 3. _____________ (suppose) to love even the crows (乌鸦) on the roof of his house, and vice versa (反之亦然).The prisoners of war are enemies 4. (fight)against us. In my opinion, we’d better kill them all.”
But the king didn’t agree with him.“I think we should treat the prisoners of war 5. (different) by separating those who are guilty from those who are not.The guilty ones will be sentenced 6. death in order to avoid future disasters.”
called
officials
are supposed
fighting
differently
to
Then another one said, “Your majesty, I think all the prisoners should be set free and sent back home to work in the fields and support
7. (they) by their own labor.Moreover, you should enforce strictly the rules of reward and 8.
(punish).The people will believe in you 9. you govern our country by morals and laws.”
The king thought the official’s proposal was quite reasonable so he accepted and followed it.As 10. result, the domestic (国内的) situation soon settled down and gradually the country became stronger.
themselves
punishment
if
a
语法填空
Recite all the key phrases and sentence structures we have learned in class.
Homework