Unit 4 A glimpse of the future Developing ideas 语言点 课件（共32张，内嵌音频）2024-2025学年高二英语外研版（2019）选择性必修3
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| 名称 | Unit 4 A glimpse of the future Developing ideas 语言点 课件（共32张，内嵌音频）2024-2025学年高二英语外研版（2019）选择性必修3 |  | |
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| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 外研版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2025-04-26 17:58:09 | ||
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(共32张PPT)
Unit 4 Developing ideas
A Boy’s Best Friend
男孩的挚友
语言点课件
词汇短语复习巩固
*crater n. （物体坠落、炸弹爆炸等在地上造成的）坑 44
*agile adj. 敏捷的，灵活的 44
*slope v. 倾斜，成斜坡 44
*hop n. 跳跃 44
*squeak v. 发出吱吱声 44
*tendon n. 腱 44
*wavelength n. 坡长 44
mechanical adj. 机械的 45
*imitation n. 仿制品 45
*mutt n. 杂种狗 45
*frown v. 皱眉 45
*positronic adj. 正电子的 45
tightly adv. 紧紧地 45
desperate adj. 拼命的，绝望的 45
clue n. 线索，提示 46
faulty adj. 有故障的，有缺陷的 47
consistent adj. 一贯的，一致的 47
Words and expressions
1.agile adj.
2.slope v.
3.hop n.
4.squeak v.
5.wavelength n.
6.imitation n.
7.frown v.
8.positronic adj.
敏捷的,灵活的
倾斜,成斜坡
跳跃
发出吱吱声
波长
仿制品
皱眉
正电子的
重点词汇
1. adj.机械的
2. adv.紧紧地→ adj.紧紧的
3. adj.拼命的,绝望的→ adv.绝望地;极度地
4. n.线索,提示
5. adj.有故障的,有缺陷的→ n.故障,错误
mechanical
tightly
tight
desperate
desperately
clue
faulty
fault
词汇拓展
1.set out
2.share sth with sb
3.make an effort to do sth
4.go through
5.race up
6.go wrong
7.be programmed to do sth
出发,开始
和某人分享某物
努力做某事
经受,仔细检查
向上跑,急剧上升
出毛病,弄错
按计划做某事
重点短语
8. 伸出手,坚持,维持
9. 调整
10. 充当,担任
11. 改变主意
12. 朝……挥手
13. 指向
hold out
adjust to
act as
change one’s mind
wave at
point at
重点短语
课文语法结构分析
1 Mr Anderson said, “Where’s Jimmy, dear ” “Out on the crater(弹坑，环形山),” said Mrs Anderson. “Robutt is with him. Did he arrive ” “Yes. He’s at the rocket station, going through the tests. I haven’t really seen one since I left Earth 15 years ago.”
2 “Jimmy has never seen one,” said Mrs Anderson.
3 “Because he’s Moon-born and can’t visit Earth. That’s why I’m bringing one here. I think it’s the first one ever on the Moon.”
Para. 1--3
since引导的时间状语从句
安德森先生问：“亲爱的，吉米在哪儿？” “在外面的环形山上,” 安德森太太回答道, “罗布特跟吉米在一起。它到了吗？” “是的,在火箭站,正在接受测试。自从15年前我离开地球后,就从没见过真正的狗了。”
“吉米从来没见过狗。”安德森太太说。
“因为吉米是在月球上出生的,他不能去地球。所以我要带过来一只。我觉得这应该是月球上有史以来的第一只狗。”
A Boy’s Best Friend 男孩的挚友
经受，通过
That’s why...那就是为什么。why引导的是表语从句。
省略that引导的宾语从句，作think的宾语。
4 Jimmy was out on the crater, as his mother had said. His arms and legs were long and agile(敏捷的，灵活的). He looked thicker and stubbier(短粗的，矮胖的) with his spacesuit on, but he could handle the lunar gravity(月球引力) as no Earth-born human being could. The outer side of the crater sloped southward and the Earth, which was low in the southern sky, was nearly full, so that the entire crater-slope was brightly lit. The slope was a gentle one and even the weight of the spacesuit couldn’t keep Jimmy from racing up it in a floating hop that made the gravity seem nonexistent.
Para. 4
as引导定语从句，修饰gravity，as在从句中作could后省略的handle的宾语。
as引导定语从句，指代上一句话，正如。
正如吉米妈妈所说，他在外面的环形山上。吉米手长脚长，行动灵活。穿着太空服的吉米臃肿矮胖了一些，但他能承受月球引力，而在地球出生的人是不能承受这种引力的。环形山外侧向南倾斜，南面天空下面的地球全部显现出来，因此整个环形山山坡明亮起来。山坡非常平缓，即使吉米穿着厚重的太空服，也不能阻碍他跳着跃向山坡，就好像引力不存在一样。
A Boy’s Best Friend 男孩的挚友
so that引导的结果状语从句
that引导的定语从句，修饰hop，在从句中作主语。
5 “Come on, Robutt,” he shouted. Robutt, who could hear him by radio, squeaked(发出吱吱声) and bounded(弹跳，跳跃) after.
6 Jimmy, expert though he was, couldn’t outrace(胜过；超过……速度) Robutt, who didn’t need a spacesuit, and had four legs and tendons(肌腱) of steel. Jimmy couldn’t go wrong while Robutt was around, tripping(把某人绊倒) him when he was too near a rock, or jumping on him to show how much he loved him, or circling around and squeaking low and scared when Jimmy hid behind(藏在......后面) a rock, when all the time Robutt knew well enough where he was.
Para. 5--6
“快过来，罗布特。”他大喊。靠电波辨认声音的罗布特发出叫声，跳着跑向吉米。
论速度，吉米虽然是个能手，但他比不过罗布特，因为它有四条腿和钢铁做的肌腱，还不用穿太空服。只要有罗布特相伴，吉米就没有危险。当吉米过于靠近一块岩石，它会扑倒地；罗布特还会扑向他，以表达爱意；当吉米藏在岩石后，罗布特就原地打转，低吼，战战兢兢，不论什么时候，罗布特都对吉米的位置了如指掌。
A Boy’s Best Friend 男孩的挚友
though引导让步状语从句，并把expert置于句首构成部分倒装。
who引导非限制性定语从句，也是对Robutt进行补充说明。
while引导时间状语从句
这三个并列的现在分词短语作伴随状语。
这三个when引导的时间状语从句作现在分词的状语。
how引导宾语从句，作show的宾语。
where引导宾语从句，作knew的宾语。
who引导非限制性定语从句，对Robutt进行补充说明。
7 He heard his father’s voice on his private wavelength(波长). “Jimmy, come back. I have something to tell you.”
8 Mr Anderson was smiling. “We have something for you, Jimmy. It’s at the rocket station now, but we’ll have it tomorrow after all the tests are over.”
9 “From Earth, Dad ”
Para. 7--9
after引导时间状语从句
吉米通过自己的专属波长接收到了爸爸的声音，“吉米，回来一下，我有事情要和你说。”
安德森先生面带微笑，“吉米，我们有东西要给你，它现在就在火箭站，但是要等到明天所有测试结束后，我们才能接到它。”
“是从地球上来的吗，爸爸？”
A Boy’s Best Friend 男孩的挚友
10 “A dog from Earth, son. The first dog on the Moon. You won’t need Robutt any more. We can’t keep them both, and some other boy or girl will have Robutt.” He seemed to be waiting for Jimmy to say something, then he said, “You know what a dog is, Jimmy. It’s the real thing. Robutt’s only a mechanical(机械的) imitation(仿制品), a robot-mutt(杂种狗）. That’s how he got his name.”
11 Jimmy frowned(皱眉). “Robutt isn’t an imitation, Dad.”
12 “Robutt’s just steel and wiring(线路) and a simple positronic(正电子的) brain.”
Para. 10--12
how引导表语从句
what引导的宾语从句，作know的宾语。
“是从地球上来的小狗，儿子，是月球上的第一只狗。你将不再需要罗布特了。我们不能同时要两只，其他孩子会收养罗布特。”他好像在等吉米说点什么，接着又说，“你会知道什么才是真正的狗，吉米。狗是有生命的。罗布特仅仅是机械仿制品，是一只机器狗罢了。所以它才叫罗布特。”
吉米皱皱眉头，“爸爸，罗布特不是仿制品。”
“罗布特只是用钢铁和电线制造的，只有一个简单的正电子大脑。”
not...any more不再……
seem +to be doing(不定式进行式）似乎在做某事
A Boy’s Best Friend 男孩的挚友
13 “He does everything I want him to do, Dad. He understands me.”
14 “No, son. Robutt is just a machine. It’s just programmed to act the way it does. A dog is alive. You’ll see the difference once he gets here.”
15 Jimmy looked at Robutt, who was squeaking again, a very low, slow squeak that seemed frightened. Jimmy held out his arms and Robutt was in them in one bound.
16 Jimmy said, “What will the difference be between Robutt and the dog ”
Para. 13--16
that引导定语从句，修饰先行词squeak。
省略that引导的定语从句，修饰everything，作do的宾语。
“爸爸，我想让它做什么，它都能做到，它懂我。”
“不是这样的，儿子，罗布特只是一个机器。它的反应只不过是按照编好的程序去做而已。真正的狗是有生命的。等小狗来了，你就会明白二者的不同之处了。”
吉米看着又在吼叫的罗布特，它的叫声非常低沉缓慢，好像受到了惊吓。吉米伸出双臂，罗布特一跃跳了上去。
吉米问：“那罗布特和真正的小狗有什么不一样呢？”
A Boy’s Best Friend 男孩的挚友
省略that/in which引导的定语从句，修饰the way，在从句中作方式状语。
once引导的时间状语从句
who引导非限制性定语从句，对Robutt进行补充说明。
hold out one’s arms 伸出双臂；展开双臂
17 “It’s hard to explain,” said Mr Anderson, “but it will be easy to see. The dog will really love you. Robutt is just adjusted to act as though it loves you.”
18 “But, Dad, we don’t know what’s inside the dog, or what his feelings are. Maybe it’s just acting, too.”
19 Mr Anderson frowned. “Jimmy, you’ll know the difference when you experience the love of a living thing.”
Para. 17--19
when引导的时间状语从句。
as though=as if引导的方式状语从句
“这很难理解。”安德森先生说，“但用眼睛看的话，会很容易。小狗会真的爱你，而罗布特只是设定好，假装很爱你。”
“但是，爸爸，我们并不知道小狗真正想的是什么，它是什么感觉，可能它也是在假装。”
安德森先生眉头一皱，“吉米，如果你体验过一个生命体对你的爱时，你就会明白其中的不同。”
A Boy’s Best Friend 男孩的挚友
what引导的宾语从句，作know的宾语。
what引导的宾语从句，作know的宾语。
20 Jimmy held Robutt tightly. He was frowning, too, and the desperate(拼命的，绝望的) look on his face meant that he wouldn’t change his mind. He said, “But what’s the difference how they act How about I feel I love Robutt and that’s what counts(v.重要).”
21 And the little robot-mutt, which had never been held so tightly in all its existence, squeaked high and rapid squeaks --- happy squeaks.
(Adaptation of excerpts from “A Boy’s Best Friend” by Isaac Asimov)
Para. 20--21
which引导非限制性定语从句，对robot-mutt进行补充说明。
that引导的宾语从句，作meant的宾语。
吉米紧紧地抱着罗布特。他也皱着眉头，脸上的坚定表明他不愿意改变心意。他说：“那他们在行为上有什么不一样？那我的想法呢？我爱罗布特，我觉得这是最重要的。”
小小的机器狗自出现以来从而未被包的那么紧，它发出尖细而急促的叫声，那是快乐的叫声。
（节选自艾萨克·阿西莫夫的《男孩的挚友》）
A Boy’s Best Friend 男孩的挚友
how引导的方式状语从句
what引导的表语从句，在从句中作主语。
课文内容串讲
男孩的挚友
安德森先生问：“亲爱的，吉米在哪儿？” “在外面的环形山上,” 安德森太太回答道, “罗布特跟吉米在一起。它到了吗？” “是的,在火箭站,正在接受测试。自从15年前我离开地球后,就从没见过真正的狗了。”
“吉米从来没见过狗。”安德森太太说。
“因为吉米是在月球上出生的,他不能去地球。所以我要带过来一只。我觉得这应该是月球上有史以来的第一只狗。”
A Boy’s Best Friend
1 Mr Anderson said, “Where’s Jimmy, dear ” “Out on the crater(弹坑，环形山),” said Mrs Anderson. “Robutt is with him. Did he arrive ” “Yes. He’s at the rocket station, going through(经受，通过) the tests. I haven’t really seen one since I left Earth 15 years ago.”
2 “Jimmy has never seen one,” said Mrs Anderson.
3 “Because he’s Moon-born and can’t visit Earth. That’s why(那就是为什么) I’m bringing one here. I think it’s the first one ever on the Moon.”
正如吉米妈妈所说，他在外面的环形山上。吉米手长脚长，行动灵活。穿着太空服的吉米臃肿矮胖了一些，但他能承受月球引力，而在地球出生的人是不能承受这种引力的。环形山外侧向南倾斜，南面天空下面的地球全部显现出来，因此整个环形山山坡明亮起来。山坡非常平缓，即使吉米穿着厚重的太空服，也不能阻碍他跳着跃向山坡，就好像引力不存在一样。
“快过来，罗布特。”他大喊。靠电波辨认声音的罗布特发出叫声，跳着跑向吉米。
4 Jimmy was out on the crater, as his mother had said. His arms and legs were long and agile(敏捷的，灵活的). He looked thicker and stubbier(短粗的，矮胖的) with his spacesuit on, but he could handle the lunar gravity(月球引力) (as no Earth-born human being could)定语从句. The outer side of the crater sloped(v. 倾斜，成斜坡) southward(向南，朝南) and the Earth, (which was low in the southern sky)定语从句, was nearly full, [so that the entire crater-slope was brightly lit]结果状语. The slope was a gentle one and even the weight of the spacesuit couldn’t keep Jimmy from racing up it in a floating hop(跳跃) (that made the gravity seem nonexistent)定语从句.
5 “Come on, Robutt,” he shouted. Robutt, who could hear him by radio, squeaked(发出吱吱声) and bounded(弹跳，跳跃) after.
keep sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事
论速度，吉米虽然是个能手，但他比不过罗布特，因为它有四条腿和钢铁做的肌腱，还不用穿太空服。只要有罗布特相伴，吉米就没有危险。当吉米过于靠近一块岩石，它会扑倒地；罗布特还会扑向他，以表达爱意；当吉米藏在岩石后，罗布特就原地打转，低吼，战战兢兢，不论什么时候，罗布特都对吉米的位置了如指掌。
6 Jimmy, expert though he was, couldn’t outrace(胜过；超过......速度) Robutt, who didn’t need a spacesuit, and had four legs and tendons(肌腱) of steel. Jimmy couldn’t go wrong(出错，出故障) while Robutt was around, tripping(把某人绊倒) him when he was too near a rock, or jumping on him to show how much he loved him, or circling around and squeaking low and scared when Jimmy hid behind(藏在......后面) a rock, when all the time Robutt knew well enough where he was.
though 引导的让步状语从句，部分倒装
Jimmy couldn’t go wrong [while Robutt was around]时间状语从句,
tripping him [when he was too near a rock]时间状语从句,
or jumping on him to show (how much he loved him)宾语从句,
or circling around and squeaking low and scared [when Jimmy hid behind a rock]时间状语从句,
[when all the time Robutt knew well enough (where he was)宾语从句.]时间状语从句
只要有罗布特相伴，吉米就没有危险。
当吉米过于靠近一块岩石，它会扑倒地；
罗布特还会扑向他，以表达爱意；
当吉米藏在岩石后，罗布特就原地打转，低吼，战战兢兢，
不论什么时候，罗布特都对吉米的位置了如指掌。
长难句分析
三个并列的现在分词短语作伴随状语
吉米通过自己的专属波长接收到了爸爸的声音，“吉米，回来一下，我有事情要和你说。”
安德森先生面带微笑，“吉米，我们有东西要给你，它现在就在火箭站，但是要等到明天所有测试结束后，我们才能接到它。”
“是从地球上来的吗，爸爸？”
7 He heard his father’s voice on his private wavelength(波长). “Jimmy, come back. I have something to tell you.”
8 Mr Anderson was smiling. “We have something for you, Jimmy. It’s at the rocket station now, but we’ll have it tomorrow after all the tests are over.”
9 “From Earth, Dad ”
“是从地球上来的小狗，儿子，是月球上的第一只狗。你将不再需要罗布特了。我们不能同时要两只，其他孩子会收养罗布特。”他好像在等吉米说点什么，接着又说，“你会知道什么才是真正的狗，吉米。狗是有生命的。罗布特仅仅是机械仿制品，是一只机器狗罢了。所以它才叫罗布特。”
吉米皱皱眉头，“爸爸，罗布特不是仿制品。”
“罗布特只是用钢铁和电线制造的，只有一个简单的正电子大脑。”
10 “A dog from Earth, son. The first dog on the Moon. You won’t need Robutt any more. We can’t keep them both, and some other boy or girl will have Robutt.” He seemed to be waiting for Jimmy to say something, then he said, “You know what a dog is, Jimmy. It’s the real thing. Robutt’s only a mechanical(机械的) imitation(仿制品), a robot-mutt(杂种狗）. That’s how he got his name.”
11 Jimmy frowned(皱眉). “Robutt isn’t an imitation, Dad.”
12 “Robutt’s just steel and wiring(线路) and a simple positronic(正电子的) brain.”
not...any more 不再……
seem to be doing sth. 似乎在做某事
“爸爸，我想让它做什么，它都能做到，它懂我。”
“不是这样的，儿子，罗布特只是一个机器。它的反应只不过是按照编好的程序去做而已。真正的狗是有生命的。等小狗来了，你就会明白二者的不同之处了。”
吉米看着又在吼叫的罗布特，它的叫声非常低沉缓慢，好像受到了惊吓。吉米伸出双臂，罗布特一跃跳了上去。
吉米问：“那罗布特和真正的小狗有什么不一样呢？”
13 “He does everything (I want him to do)定语从句, Dad. He understands me.”
14 “No, son. Robutt is just a machine. It’s just programmed to act the way it does. A dog is alive. You’ll see the difference [once(一旦) he gets here]时间状语从句.”
15 Jimmy looked at Robutt, who was squeaking again, a very low, slow squeak that seemed frightened. Jimmy held out his arms and Robutt was in them in one bound.
16 Jimmy said, “What will the difference be between Robutt and the dog ”
hold out one’s arms 伸出双臂
“这很难理解。”安德森先生说，“但用眼睛看的话，会很容易。小狗会真的爱你，而罗布特只是设定好，假装很爱你。”
“但是，爸爸，我们并不知道小狗真正想的是什么，它是什么感觉，可能它也是在假装。”
安德森先生眉头一皱，“吉米，如果你体验过一个生命体对你的爱时，你就会明白其中的不同。”
17 “It’s hard to explain,” said Mr Anderson, “but it will be easy to see. The dog will really love you. Robutt is just adjusted to act as though(好像) it loves you.”
18 “But, Dad, we don’t know what’s inside the dog, or what his feelings are. Maybe it’s just acting, too.”
19 Mr Anderson frowned. “Jimmy, you’ll know the difference [when you experience the love of a living thing]时间状语从句.”
吉米紧紧地抱着罗布特。他也皱着眉头，脸上的坚定表明他不愿意改变心意。他说：“那他们在行为上有什么不一样？那我的想法呢？我爱罗布特，我觉得这是最重要的。”
小小的机器狗自出现以来从而未被包的那么紧，它发出尖细而急促的叫声，那是快乐的叫声。
（节选自艾萨克·阿西莫夫的《男孩的挚友》）
20 Jimmy held Robutt tightly(紧紧地). He was frowning, too, and the desperate(拼命的，绝望的) look on his face meant that he wouldn’t change his mind. He said, “But what’s the difference how they act How about I feel I love Robutt and that’s (what counts(v.重要))表语从句.”
21 And the little robot-mutt, (which had never been held so tightly in all its existence)定语从句, squeaked high and rapid squeaks --- happy squeaks.
(Adaptation of excerpts from “A Boy’s Best Friend” by Isaac Asimov)
change one’s mind 改变某人的主意
Todd cried out(大声喊，大声抱怨) in shock(震惊) and waved his arm at the pale blue screen (hovering(盘旋，翱翔) above the breakfast table)现在分词短语作后置定语. The hologram(全息图) news paused. “Carolyn,” he called across the kitchen, “did you see this ”
His wife, Carolyn, was collecting her cereal(麦片) from the breakfast robot. “What is it, honey ” she asked. Todd pointed at the floating blue screen. Carolyn read the headline:
Another prison breakout: faulty(有故障的，有缺陷的) robotics blamed.
托德震惊地叫了起来，并对着悬浮在早餐桌上方的淡蓝色屏幕挥舞着手臂。全息图新闻暂停了。“卡罗琳，”他隔着厨房喊道，“你看到这个了吗？”他的妻子卡罗琳正在从早餐机器人那里拿麦片。“怎么了，亲爱的？”她问道。托德指着漂浮的蓝色屏幕。卡罗琳读了标题：另一起越狱事件：原因是机器人故障。
5
Continuing a sci-fi sory
“Oh, don’t worry,” Carolyn chuckled(低声轻笑). “That’s an old facility(设备，设施). The robots there were bound to break down(分解；出故障) sooner or later(迟早). Plus, I know for a fact(肯定) that they weren’t well maintained(维护；维持),” she added. “Julius was telling me about it. That place isn’t as advanced as ours.”
But the report says that even new, regularly- maintained robots can break down,” Todd protested(抗议). “And in a maximum-security(高度戒备；最大安全性) prison like yours, one small error could cause a lot of problems.”
“哦，别担心，”卡罗琳笑着说。“那是旧设施。那里的机器人早晚要出故障的。另外，我可以肯定它们没有得到很好的维护，”她补充道。“尤利乌斯告诉过我这件事。那个地方不如我们这儿先进。” “但报告说，即使是新的、经常维护的机器人也会出故障，”托德抗议道。“在像你们这种安全级别最高的监狱里，一个小错误可能会导致很多问题。”
Carolyn smiled at him. “You worry too much,” she said. “Now, I’d better be going or I’ll be late for(迟到) work.” She grabbed(抓住) her bag from the kitchen counter and rushed out of the door. Todd heard the aircar start up(启动) outside. It was not until an hour later that he noticed that Carolyn had left her emergency call device on the breakfast table.
卡罗琳对他笑了笑。“你担心得太多了，” 她说。“现在，我得走了，否则我上班要迟到了。” 她从厨房柜台上抓起包，冲出了门。托德听到外面空中飞车启动的声音。直到一个小时后，他才注意到卡罗琳把急救电话忘在了早餐桌上。
It was [not until an hour later]时间状语 that he noticed (that Carolyn had left her emergency call device on the breakfast table)宾语从句.
It is/was ... that ... 为强调句型。
It is/was not until... that... 结构通常是为了强调not until引导的时间状语。
直到一个小时后，他才注意到卡罗琳把急救电话忘在了早餐桌上。
长难句分析
Jimmy,1. _long and agile arms and legs , wavs out on the crater , looking 2. (thick) and stubbier with his spacesuit on. Robutt , a dog, was a mechanical imitation, 3. had four legs , tripping Jimmy or jumping on him 4. (show) how much he loved him, or 5. ________ (circle) around and squeaking low and 6. (scare) when Jimmy hid behind a rock . Robutt 7. (adjust) to act as if it loves Jimmy. Jimmy held Robutt 8. ____ (tight). 9. the little robot-mutt which had never been held like that in all its 10. (exist), squeaked high.
with
thicker
which
to show
circling
scared
is adjusted
tightly
And
existence
Consolidation
Recite all the phrases and key sentence patterns we have learned in class.
Homework
Unit 4 Developing ideas
A Boy’s Best Friend
男孩的挚友
语言点课件
词汇短语复习巩固
*crater n. （物体坠落、炸弹爆炸等在地上造成的）坑 44
*agile adj. 敏捷的，灵活的 44
*slope v. 倾斜，成斜坡 44
*hop n. 跳跃 44
*squeak v. 发出吱吱声 44
*tendon n. 腱 44
*wavelength n. 坡长 44
mechanical adj. 机械的 45
*imitation n. 仿制品 45
*mutt n. 杂种狗 45
*frown v. 皱眉 45
*positronic adj. 正电子的 45
tightly adv. 紧紧地 45
desperate adj. 拼命的，绝望的 45
clue n. 线索，提示 46
faulty adj. 有故障的，有缺陷的 47
consistent adj. 一贯的，一致的 47
Words and expressions
1.agile adj.
2.slope v.
3.hop n.
4.squeak v.
5.wavelength n.
6.imitation n.
7.frown v.
8.positronic adj.
敏捷的,灵活的
倾斜,成斜坡
跳跃
发出吱吱声
波长
仿制品
皱眉
正电子的
重点词汇
1. adj.机械的
2. adv.紧紧地→ adj.紧紧的
3. adj.拼命的,绝望的→ adv.绝望地;极度地
4. n.线索,提示
5. adj.有故障的,有缺陷的→ n.故障,错误
mechanical
tightly
tight
desperate
desperately
clue
faulty
fault
词汇拓展
1.set out
2.share sth with sb
3.make an effort to do sth
4.go through
5.race up
6.go wrong
7.be programmed to do sth
出发,开始
和某人分享某物
努力做某事
经受,仔细检查
向上跑,急剧上升
出毛病,弄错
按计划做某事
重点短语
8. 伸出手,坚持,维持
9. 调整
10. 充当,担任
11. 改变主意
12. 朝……挥手
13. 指向
hold out
adjust to
act as
change one’s mind
wave at
point at
重点短语
课文语法结构分析
1 Mr Anderson said, “Where’s Jimmy, dear ” “Out on the crater(弹坑，环形山),” said Mrs Anderson. “Robutt is with him. Did he arrive ” “Yes. He’s at the rocket station, going through the tests. I haven’t really seen one since I left Earth 15 years ago.”
2 “Jimmy has never seen one,” said Mrs Anderson.
3 “Because he’s Moon-born and can’t visit Earth. That’s why I’m bringing one here. I think it’s the first one ever on the Moon.”
Para. 1--3
since引导的时间状语从句
安德森先生问：“亲爱的，吉米在哪儿？” “在外面的环形山上,” 安德森太太回答道, “罗布特跟吉米在一起。它到了吗？” “是的,在火箭站,正在接受测试。自从15年前我离开地球后,就从没见过真正的狗了。”
“吉米从来没见过狗。”安德森太太说。
“因为吉米是在月球上出生的,他不能去地球。所以我要带过来一只。我觉得这应该是月球上有史以来的第一只狗。”
A Boy’s Best Friend 男孩的挚友
经受，通过
That’s why...那就是为什么。why引导的是表语从句。
省略that引导的宾语从句，作think的宾语。
4 Jimmy was out on the crater, as his mother had said. His arms and legs were long and agile(敏捷的，灵活的). He looked thicker and stubbier(短粗的，矮胖的) with his spacesuit on, but he could handle the lunar gravity(月球引力) as no Earth-born human being could. The outer side of the crater sloped southward and the Earth, which was low in the southern sky, was nearly full, so that the entire crater-slope was brightly lit. The slope was a gentle one and even the weight of the spacesuit couldn’t keep Jimmy from racing up it in a floating hop that made the gravity seem nonexistent.
Para. 4
as引导定语从句，修饰gravity，as在从句中作could后省略的handle的宾语。
as引导定语从句，指代上一句话，正如。
正如吉米妈妈所说，他在外面的环形山上。吉米手长脚长，行动灵活。穿着太空服的吉米臃肿矮胖了一些，但他能承受月球引力，而在地球出生的人是不能承受这种引力的。环形山外侧向南倾斜，南面天空下面的地球全部显现出来，因此整个环形山山坡明亮起来。山坡非常平缓，即使吉米穿着厚重的太空服，也不能阻碍他跳着跃向山坡，就好像引力不存在一样。
A Boy’s Best Friend 男孩的挚友
so that引导的结果状语从句
that引导的定语从句，修饰hop，在从句中作主语。
5 “Come on, Robutt,” he shouted. Robutt, who could hear him by radio, squeaked(发出吱吱声) and bounded(弹跳，跳跃) after.
6 Jimmy, expert though he was, couldn’t outrace(胜过；超过……速度) Robutt, who didn’t need a spacesuit, and had four legs and tendons(肌腱) of steel. Jimmy couldn’t go wrong while Robutt was around, tripping(把某人绊倒) him when he was too near a rock, or jumping on him to show how much he loved him, or circling around and squeaking low and scared when Jimmy hid behind(藏在......后面) a rock, when all the time Robutt knew well enough where he was.
Para. 5--6
“快过来，罗布特。”他大喊。靠电波辨认声音的罗布特发出叫声，跳着跑向吉米。
论速度，吉米虽然是个能手，但他比不过罗布特，因为它有四条腿和钢铁做的肌腱，还不用穿太空服。只要有罗布特相伴，吉米就没有危险。当吉米过于靠近一块岩石，它会扑倒地；罗布特还会扑向他，以表达爱意；当吉米藏在岩石后，罗布特就原地打转，低吼，战战兢兢，不论什么时候，罗布特都对吉米的位置了如指掌。
A Boy’s Best Friend 男孩的挚友
though引导让步状语从句，并把expert置于句首构成部分倒装。
who引导非限制性定语从句，也是对Robutt进行补充说明。
while引导时间状语从句
这三个并列的现在分词短语作伴随状语。
这三个when引导的时间状语从句作现在分词的状语。
how引导宾语从句，作show的宾语。
where引导宾语从句，作knew的宾语。
who引导非限制性定语从句，对Robutt进行补充说明。
7 He heard his father’s voice on his private wavelength(波长). “Jimmy, come back. I have something to tell you.”
8 Mr Anderson was smiling. “We have something for you, Jimmy. It’s at the rocket station now, but we’ll have it tomorrow after all the tests are over.”
9 “From Earth, Dad ”
Para. 7--9
after引导时间状语从句
吉米通过自己的专属波长接收到了爸爸的声音，“吉米，回来一下，我有事情要和你说。”
安德森先生面带微笑，“吉米，我们有东西要给你，它现在就在火箭站，但是要等到明天所有测试结束后，我们才能接到它。”
“是从地球上来的吗，爸爸？”
A Boy’s Best Friend 男孩的挚友
10 “A dog from Earth, son. The first dog on the Moon. You won’t need Robutt any more. We can’t keep them both, and some other boy or girl will have Robutt.” He seemed to be waiting for Jimmy to say something, then he said, “You know what a dog is, Jimmy. It’s the real thing. Robutt’s only a mechanical(机械的) imitation(仿制品), a robot-mutt(杂种狗）. That’s how he got his name.”
11 Jimmy frowned(皱眉). “Robutt isn’t an imitation, Dad.”
12 “Robutt’s just steel and wiring(线路) and a simple positronic(正电子的) brain.”
Para. 10--12
how引导表语从句
what引导的宾语从句，作know的宾语。
“是从地球上来的小狗，儿子，是月球上的第一只狗。你将不再需要罗布特了。我们不能同时要两只，其他孩子会收养罗布特。”他好像在等吉米说点什么，接着又说，“你会知道什么才是真正的狗，吉米。狗是有生命的。罗布特仅仅是机械仿制品，是一只机器狗罢了。所以它才叫罗布特。”
吉米皱皱眉头，“爸爸，罗布特不是仿制品。”
“罗布特只是用钢铁和电线制造的，只有一个简单的正电子大脑。”
not...any more不再……
seem +to be doing(不定式进行式）似乎在做某事
A Boy’s Best Friend 男孩的挚友
13 “He does everything I want him to do, Dad. He understands me.”
14 “No, son. Robutt is just a machine. It’s just programmed to act the way it does. A dog is alive. You’ll see the difference once he gets here.”
15 Jimmy looked at Robutt, who was squeaking again, a very low, slow squeak that seemed frightened. Jimmy held out his arms and Robutt was in them in one bound.
16 Jimmy said, “What will the difference be between Robutt and the dog ”
Para. 13--16
that引导定语从句，修饰先行词squeak。
省略that引导的定语从句，修饰everything，作do的宾语。
“爸爸，我想让它做什么，它都能做到，它懂我。”
“不是这样的，儿子，罗布特只是一个机器。它的反应只不过是按照编好的程序去做而已。真正的狗是有生命的。等小狗来了，你就会明白二者的不同之处了。”
吉米看着又在吼叫的罗布特，它的叫声非常低沉缓慢，好像受到了惊吓。吉米伸出双臂，罗布特一跃跳了上去。
吉米问：“那罗布特和真正的小狗有什么不一样呢？”
A Boy’s Best Friend 男孩的挚友
省略that/in which引导的定语从句，修饰the way，在从句中作方式状语。
once引导的时间状语从句
who引导非限制性定语从句，对Robutt进行补充说明。
hold out one’s arms 伸出双臂；展开双臂
17 “It’s hard to explain,” said Mr Anderson, “but it will be easy to see. The dog will really love you. Robutt is just adjusted to act as though it loves you.”
18 “But, Dad, we don’t know what’s inside the dog, or what his feelings are. Maybe it’s just acting, too.”
19 Mr Anderson frowned. “Jimmy, you’ll know the difference when you experience the love of a living thing.”
Para. 17--19
when引导的时间状语从句。
as though=as if引导的方式状语从句
“这很难理解。”安德森先生说，“但用眼睛看的话，会很容易。小狗会真的爱你，而罗布特只是设定好，假装很爱你。”
“但是，爸爸，我们并不知道小狗真正想的是什么，它是什么感觉，可能它也是在假装。”
安德森先生眉头一皱，“吉米，如果你体验过一个生命体对你的爱时，你就会明白其中的不同。”
A Boy’s Best Friend 男孩的挚友
what引导的宾语从句，作know的宾语。
what引导的宾语从句，作know的宾语。
20 Jimmy held Robutt tightly. He was frowning, too, and the desperate(拼命的，绝望的) look on his face meant that he wouldn’t change his mind. He said, “But what’s the difference how they act How about I feel I love Robutt and that’s what counts(v.重要).”
21 And the little robot-mutt, which had never been held so tightly in all its existence, squeaked high and rapid squeaks --- happy squeaks.
(Adaptation of excerpts from “A Boy’s Best Friend” by Isaac Asimov)
Para. 20--21
which引导非限制性定语从句，对robot-mutt进行补充说明。
that引导的宾语从句，作meant的宾语。
吉米紧紧地抱着罗布特。他也皱着眉头，脸上的坚定表明他不愿意改变心意。他说：“那他们在行为上有什么不一样？那我的想法呢？我爱罗布特，我觉得这是最重要的。”
小小的机器狗自出现以来从而未被包的那么紧，它发出尖细而急促的叫声，那是快乐的叫声。
（节选自艾萨克·阿西莫夫的《男孩的挚友》）
A Boy’s Best Friend 男孩的挚友
how引导的方式状语从句
what引导的表语从句，在从句中作主语。
课文内容串讲
男孩的挚友
安德森先生问：“亲爱的，吉米在哪儿？” “在外面的环形山上,” 安德森太太回答道, “罗布特跟吉米在一起。它到了吗？” “是的,在火箭站,正在接受测试。自从15年前我离开地球后,就从没见过真正的狗了。”
“吉米从来没见过狗。”安德森太太说。
“因为吉米是在月球上出生的,他不能去地球。所以我要带过来一只。我觉得这应该是月球上有史以来的第一只狗。”
A Boy’s Best Friend
1 Mr Anderson said, “Where’s Jimmy, dear ” “Out on the crater(弹坑，环形山),” said Mrs Anderson. “Robutt is with him. Did he arrive ” “Yes. He’s at the rocket station, going through(经受，通过) the tests. I haven’t really seen one since I left Earth 15 years ago.”
2 “Jimmy has never seen one,” said Mrs Anderson.
3 “Because he’s Moon-born and can’t visit Earth. That’s why(那就是为什么) I’m bringing one here. I think it’s the first one ever on the Moon.”
正如吉米妈妈所说，他在外面的环形山上。吉米手长脚长，行动灵活。穿着太空服的吉米臃肿矮胖了一些，但他能承受月球引力，而在地球出生的人是不能承受这种引力的。环形山外侧向南倾斜，南面天空下面的地球全部显现出来，因此整个环形山山坡明亮起来。山坡非常平缓，即使吉米穿着厚重的太空服，也不能阻碍他跳着跃向山坡，就好像引力不存在一样。
“快过来，罗布特。”他大喊。靠电波辨认声音的罗布特发出叫声，跳着跑向吉米。
4 Jimmy was out on the crater, as his mother had said. His arms and legs were long and agile(敏捷的，灵活的). He looked thicker and stubbier(短粗的，矮胖的) with his spacesuit on, but he could handle the lunar gravity(月球引力) (as no Earth-born human being could)定语从句. The outer side of the crater sloped(v. 倾斜，成斜坡) southward(向南，朝南) and the Earth, (which was low in the southern sky)定语从句, was nearly full, [so that the entire crater-slope was brightly lit]结果状语. The slope was a gentle one and even the weight of the spacesuit couldn’t keep Jimmy from racing up it in a floating hop(跳跃) (that made the gravity seem nonexistent)定语从句.
5 “Come on, Robutt,” he shouted. Robutt, who could hear him by radio, squeaked(发出吱吱声) and bounded(弹跳，跳跃) after.
keep sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事
论速度，吉米虽然是个能手，但他比不过罗布特，因为它有四条腿和钢铁做的肌腱，还不用穿太空服。只要有罗布特相伴，吉米就没有危险。当吉米过于靠近一块岩石，它会扑倒地；罗布特还会扑向他，以表达爱意；当吉米藏在岩石后，罗布特就原地打转，低吼，战战兢兢，不论什么时候，罗布特都对吉米的位置了如指掌。
6 Jimmy, expert though he was, couldn’t outrace(胜过；超过......速度) Robutt, who didn’t need a spacesuit, and had four legs and tendons(肌腱) of steel. Jimmy couldn’t go wrong(出错，出故障) while Robutt was around, tripping(把某人绊倒) him when he was too near a rock, or jumping on him to show how much he loved him, or circling around and squeaking low and scared when Jimmy hid behind(藏在......后面) a rock, when all the time Robutt knew well enough where he was.
though 引导的让步状语从句，部分倒装
Jimmy couldn’t go wrong [while Robutt was around]时间状语从句,
tripping him [when he was too near a rock]时间状语从句,
or jumping on him to show (how much he loved him)宾语从句,
or circling around and squeaking low and scared [when Jimmy hid behind a rock]时间状语从句,
[when all the time Robutt knew well enough (where he was)宾语从句.]时间状语从句
只要有罗布特相伴，吉米就没有危险。
当吉米过于靠近一块岩石，它会扑倒地；
罗布特还会扑向他，以表达爱意；
当吉米藏在岩石后，罗布特就原地打转，低吼，战战兢兢，
不论什么时候，罗布特都对吉米的位置了如指掌。
长难句分析
三个并列的现在分词短语作伴随状语
吉米通过自己的专属波长接收到了爸爸的声音，“吉米，回来一下，我有事情要和你说。”
安德森先生面带微笑，“吉米，我们有东西要给你，它现在就在火箭站，但是要等到明天所有测试结束后，我们才能接到它。”
“是从地球上来的吗，爸爸？”
7 He heard his father’s voice on his private wavelength(波长). “Jimmy, come back. I have something to tell you.”
8 Mr Anderson was smiling. “We have something for you, Jimmy. It’s at the rocket station now, but we’ll have it tomorrow after all the tests are over.”
9 “From Earth, Dad ”
“是从地球上来的小狗，儿子，是月球上的第一只狗。你将不再需要罗布特了。我们不能同时要两只，其他孩子会收养罗布特。”他好像在等吉米说点什么，接着又说，“你会知道什么才是真正的狗，吉米。狗是有生命的。罗布特仅仅是机械仿制品，是一只机器狗罢了。所以它才叫罗布特。”
吉米皱皱眉头，“爸爸，罗布特不是仿制品。”
“罗布特只是用钢铁和电线制造的，只有一个简单的正电子大脑。”
10 “A dog from Earth, son. The first dog on the Moon. You won’t need Robutt any more. We can’t keep them both, and some other boy or girl will have Robutt.” He seemed to be waiting for Jimmy to say something, then he said, “You know what a dog is, Jimmy. It’s the real thing. Robutt’s only a mechanical(机械的) imitation(仿制品), a robot-mutt(杂种狗）. That’s how he got his name.”
11 Jimmy frowned(皱眉). “Robutt isn’t an imitation, Dad.”
12 “Robutt’s just steel and wiring(线路) and a simple positronic(正电子的) brain.”
not...any more 不再……
seem to be doing sth. 似乎在做某事
“爸爸，我想让它做什么，它都能做到，它懂我。”
“不是这样的，儿子，罗布特只是一个机器。它的反应只不过是按照编好的程序去做而已。真正的狗是有生命的。等小狗来了，你就会明白二者的不同之处了。”
吉米看着又在吼叫的罗布特，它的叫声非常低沉缓慢，好像受到了惊吓。吉米伸出双臂，罗布特一跃跳了上去。
吉米问：“那罗布特和真正的小狗有什么不一样呢？”
13 “He does everything (I want him to do)定语从句, Dad. He understands me.”
14 “No, son. Robutt is just a machine. It’s just programmed to act the way it does. A dog is alive. You’ll see the difference [once(一旦) he gets here]时间状语从句.”
15 Jimmy looked at Robutt, who was squeaking again, a very low, slow squeak that seemed frightened. Jimmy held out his arms and Robutt was in them in one bound.
16 Jimmy said, “What will the difference be between Robutt and the dog ”
hold out one’s arms 伸出双臂
“这很难理解。”安德森先生说，“但用眼睛看的话，会很容易。小狗会真的爱你，而罗布特只是设定好，假装很爱你。”
“但是，爸爸，我们并不知道小狗真正想的是什么，它是什么感觉，可能它也是在假装。”
安德森先生眉头一皱，“吉米，如果你体验过一个生命体对你的爱时，你就会明白其中的不同。”
17 “It’s hard to explain,” said Mr Anderson, “but it will be easy to see. The dog will really love you. Robutt is just adjusted to act as though(好像) it loves you.”
18 “But, Dad, we don’t know what’s inside the dog, or what his feelings are. Maybe it’s just acting, too.”
19 Mr Anderson frowned. “Jimmy, you’ll know the difference [when you experience the love of a living thing]时间状语从句.”
吉米紧紧地抱着罗布特。他也皱着眉头，脸上的坚定表明他不愿意改变心意。他说：“那他们在行为上有什么不一样？那我的想法呢？我爱罗布特，我觉得这是最重要的。”
小小的机器狗自出现以来从而未被包的那么紧，它发出尖细而急促的叫声，那是快乐的叫声。
（节选自艾萨克·阿西莫夫的《男孩的挚友》）
20 Jimmy held Robutt tightly(紧紧地). He was frowning, too, and the desperate(拼命的，绝望的) look on his face meant that he wouldn’t change his mind. He said, “But what’s the difference how they act How about I feel I love Robutt and that’s (what counts(v.重要))表语从句.”
21 And the little robot-mutt, (which had never been held so tightly in all its existence)定语从句, squeaked high and rapid squeaks --- happy squeaks.
(Adaptation of excerpts from “A Boy’s Best Friend” by Isaac Asimov)
change one’s mind 改变某人的主意
Todd cried out(大声喊，大声抱怨) in shock(震惊) and waved his arm at the pale blue screen (hovering(盘旋，翱翔) above the breakfast table)现在分词短语作后置定语. The hologram(全息图) news paused. “Carolyn,” he called across the kitchen, “did you see this ”
His wife, Carolyn, was collecting her cereal(麦片) from the breakfast robot. “What is it, honey ” she asked. Todd pointed at the floating blue screen. Carolyn read the headline:
Another prison breakout: faulty(有故障的，有缺陷的) robotics blamed.
托德震惊地叫了起来，并对着悬浮在早餐桌上方的淡蓝色屏幕挥舞着手臂。全息图新闻暂停了。“卡罗琳，”他隔着厨房喊道，“你看到这个了吗？”他的妻子卡罗琳正在从早餐机器人那里拿麦片。“怎么了，亲爱的？”她问道。托德指着漂浮的蓝色屏幕。卡罗琳读了标题：另一起越狱事件：原因是机器人故障。
5
Continuing a sci-fi sory
“Oh, don’t worry,” Carolyn chuckled(低声轻笑). “That’s an old facility(设备，设施). The robots there were bound to break down(分解；出故障) sooner or later(迟早). Plus, I know for a fact(肯定) that they weren’t well maintained(维护；维持),” she added. “Julius was telling me about it. That place isn’t as advanced as ours.”
But the report says that even new, regularly- maintained robots can break down,” Todd protested(抗议). “And in a maximum-security(高度戒备；最大安全性) prison like yours, one small error could cause a lot of problems.”
“哦，别担心，”卡罗琳笑着说。“那是旧设施。那里的机器人早晚要出故障的。另外，我可以肯定它们没有得到很好的维护，”她补充道。“尤利乌斯告诉过我这件事。那个地方不如我们这儿先进。” “但报告说，即使是新的、经常维护的机器人也会出故障，”托德抗议道。“在像你们这种安全级别最高的监狱里，一个小错误可能会导致很多问题。”
Carolyn smiled at him. “You worry too much,” she said. “Now, I’d better be going or I’ll be late for(迟到) work.” She grabbed(抓住) her bag from the kitchen counter and rushed out of the door. Todd heard the aircar start up(启动) outside. It was not until an hour later that he noticed that Carolyn had left her emergency call device on the breakfast table.
卡罗琳对他笑了笑。“你担心得太多了，” 她说。“现在，我得走了，否则我上班要迟到了。” 她从厨房柜台上抓起包，冲出了门。托德听到外面空中飞车启动的声音。直到一个小时后，他才注意到卡罗琳把急救电话忘在了早餐桌上。
It was [not until an hour later]时间状语 that he noticed (that Carolyn had left her emergency call device on the breakfast table)宾语从句.
It is/was ... that ... 为强调句型。
It is/was not until... that... 结构通常是为了强调not until引导的时间状语。
直到一个小时后，他才注意到卡罗琳把急救电话忘在了早餐桌上。
长难句分析
Jimmy,1. _long and agile arms and legs , wavs out on the crater , looking 2. (thick) and stubbier with his spacesuit on. Robutt , a dog, was a mechanical imitation, 3. had four legs , tripping Jimmy or jumping on him 4. (show) how much he loved him, or 5. ________ (circle) around and squeaking low and 6. (scare) when Jimmy hid behind a rock . Robutt 7. (adjust) to act as if it loves Jimmy. Jimmy held Robutt 8. ____ (tight). 9. the little robot-mutt which had never been held like that in all its 10. (exist), squeaked high.
with
thicker
which
to show
circling
scared
is adjusted
tightly
And
existence
Consolidation
Recite all the phrases and key sentence patterns we have learned in class.
Homework