Unit 4 A glimpse of the future Developing ideas 课件（共40张，内嵌音视频）2024-2025学年高二英语外研版（2019）选择性必修3

(共40张PPT)
Unit 4 A glimpse of the future
A Boy’s Best Friend
男孩的挚友
阅读课件
To be able to clearly describe the story outline, understand the foreshadows in the text, and appreciate literary works.
To understand the theme of the article, deepen the understanding of the unit theme, and form an emotional attitude of positive acceptance but dialectical view of technological innovation.
Learning objectives
*crater n. （物体坠落、炸弹爆炸等在地上造成的）坑 44
*agile adj. 敏捷的，灵活的 44
*slope v. 倾斜，成斜坡 44
*hop n. 跳跃 44
*squeak v. 发出吱吱声 44
*tendon n. 腱 44
*wavelength n. 坡长 44
mechanical adj. 机械的 45
*imitation n. 仿制品 45
*mutt n. 杂种狗 45
*frown v. 皱眉 45
*positronic adj. 正电子的 45
tightly adv. 紧紧地 45
desperate adj. 拼命的，绝望的 45
clue n. 线索，提示 46
faulty adj. 有故障的，有缺陷的 47
consistent adj. 一贯的，一致的 47
Words and expressions
A Boy’s Best Friend
男孩的挚友
Watch the video and answer the questions.
1
Lead-in
Isaac Asimov and the Three Laws of Robotics
Isaac Asimov is celebrated as one of the 20th century's greatest science fiction writers. Born in Russia in 1920, he was three years old when his family moved to the United States. It was by reading the newspapers and magazines sold in his parents’ candy store that he developed a love for the written word. Growing up to become a professor of biochemistry at Boston University, he divided his time between his teaching and writing.
Asimov's first novel, Pebble in the Sky, was published in 1950. That same year, he began to work on I, Robot. This collection of short stories centers on the idea of robots being programmed with ethics and Asimov's Three Laws of Robotics:
1. A robot may not injure a human being or, through inaction, allow a human being to come to harm.
2. A robot must obey the orders given it by human beings except where such orders would conflict with the First Law.
3. A robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not conflict with the First or Second Law.
The Three Laws of Robotics have inspired the work of many other science fiction writers, as well as real-life pioneers of artificial intelligence. Movie adaptations of Asimov's works have been made, including I, Robot and Bicentennial Man, with his science fiction stories continuing to inspire and excite readers to this day.
视频脚本
艾萨克·阿西莫夫与机器人三定律
艾萨克·阿西莫夫被誉为20世纪最伟大的科幻作家之一。1920年，他出生于俄罗斯，在他三岁时，他的家人搬到了美国。正是通过阅读父母糖果店出售的报纸和杂志，他培养了对文字的热爱。长大后，他成为波士顿大学生物化学教授，在教学和写作之间分配时间。
阿西莫夫的第一部小说《天空中的鹅卵石》于1950年出版。同年，他开始创作《我，机器人》。这部短篇小说集以机器人被编程为道德和以阿西莫夫的三条机器人法则为中心：
1. 机器人不得伤害人类，也不得因不作为而让人类受到伤害。
2. 机器人必须服从人类给予它的命令，除非这些命令与第一定律相冲突。
3. 机器人必须保护自己的存在，只要这种保护不与第一或第二定律相冲突。
阿西莫夫的三定律启发了其他许多科幻作家的作品，也启发了人工智能领域的现实先驱。阿西莫夫的作品被改编成了电影，包括《我，机器人》和《2001太空漫游》，他的科幻故事至今仍激励着读者。
视频脚本
1 How does Asimov set out the relationship between humans and robots
He puts forward the Three Laws of Robotics, which ensure that robots should always obey and protect humans.
Watch the video and answer the questions.
1
2 Have you read any of Asimov’s novels If so, share one story you’ve read with the class. If not, would you like to read them Why or why not
Watch the video and answer the questions.
Yes, I have read his I, Robot. This classic science fiction masterwork by Isaac Asimov weaves stories about robots, humanity, and the deep questions of existence into a novel of shocking intelligence and heart. As The Guardian once reviewed, it is “ a must-read for science-fiction buffs and literature lovers alike”.
I, Robot, the first and most widely read book in Asimov’s Robot series, forever changed the world’s perception of artificial intelligence. Here are stories of robots gone mad, mind-reading robots, robots with a sense of humor, and robots who secretly ran the world --- all told with the dramatic blend of science fact and science fiction that has become Asimov’s trademark.
1
More about the author
Isaac Asimov(1920-1992)阿西莫夫
Isaac Asimov was an American writer, and professor of biochemistry at Boston University, best known for his works of science fiction and popular science. Asimov loved to write: he wrote or edited more than 500 books. Together with Arthur C. Clarke and Robert A. Heinlein(罗伯特.海因莱因、亚瑟·克拉克), Asimov was considered to be one of the “Big Three” science-fiction writers during his lifetime.
Asimov is perhaps best known for his Foundation series, the first three books of which won the Hugo Award for “ Best All-Time Series” in 1966. His other major works are the Galactic empire series and the Robot series, in which he put forward the Three Laws of Robotics ---an idea which continues to exercise some influence today.
“A few years ago, the idea of a computer you could put in your pocket was just science fiction.”
Isaac Asimov
(1920,1,2---1992,4,6)
艾萨克·阿西莫夫（Isaac Asimov，1920年1月2日-1992年4月6日），俄罗斯犹太裔美国科幻小说作家、科普作家、文学评论家，美国科幻小说黄金时代的代表人物之一。阿西莫夫一生著述近500本，题材涉及自然科学、社会科学和文学艺术等许多领域，与罗伯特·海因莱因、亚瑟·克拉克并列为科幻小说的三巨头。同时也是著名的门萨学会会员，并且后来担任副会长。其作品中以《基地系列》《银河帝国三部曲》和《机器人系列》三大系列被誉为“科幻圣经”。曾获代表科幻界最高荣誉的雨果奖和星云终身成就大师奖。小行星5020、《阿西莫夫科幻小说》杂志和两项阿西莫夫奖都是以他的名字命名。他提出的“机器人学三定律”被称为“现代机器人学的基石”。
机器人三定律是科幻小说家Isaac Asimov在他的机器人相关作品和其他机器人相关小说中为机器人设定的行为准则，是阿西莫夫除“心理史学”外另一个著名的虚构学说：
LawⅠ: A robot may not injure a human being or, through inaction, allow a human being to come to harm.
LawⅡ: A robot must obey orders given by human beings except where such orders would conflict with the first law
LawⅢ: A robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not conflict with the first or second law.
第一法则机器人不得伤害人类，或袖手旁观坐视人类受到伤害；
第二法则除非违背第一法则，机器人必须服从人类的命令；
第三法则在不违背第一及第二法则下，机器人必须保护自己。
Three Laws of Robotics
Complete the table to compare life on Earth with life on the Moon.
Life on Earth
Wear ordinary clothes and change according to the seasons.
Breathe the air freely.
Have to make an effort to jump high.
Keep pets, such as dogs, cats, etc.
Life on the Moon
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
Wear spacesuits whenever outside.
Breathe from an air supply.
Jump high easily.
Keep robots as pets.
2
Complete the table to compare life on Earth with life on the Moon.
Now read the passage and find out what life on the Moon is like in the novel.
2
What's Jimmy's relationship with dogs like
Can you imagine what they look like
Scanning
1. What is the genre of this passage
It’ a novel.
2. How many parts can this text be divided into
Background of the story
Jimmy and his Robutt
Jimmy’s new dog
Arguements between Jimmy and his father
Jimmy’s refusal
Reaction to Robutt
We can divided it into 6 parts.
While-reading
3. Summarise the general ideas with the 6 parts:
Part 1
Part 2
Part 3
Part 4
Part 5
Part 6
Para. 1--3
Para. 4--6
Para. 7--10
Para. 11--19
Para. 20
Para. 21
Background of the story
Jimmy and his Robutt
Jimmy’s new dog
Arguements between Jimmy and his father
Jimmy’s refusal
Reaction to Robutt
Scanning
Para. 1--3
1.What's the“one”in these third paragraphs refer to
2.Guess the identity(身份) of Jimmy and Robutt.
Here “one” refers to the real dog from Earth, which was mentioned in the follwing passages. The author here uses foreshadowing techniques(伏笔写作手法) in order to attract the reader's attention.
Born on the moon, Jimmy is a stranger to Earth, which only his parents have mentioned as their home. And Robutt is a robot dog, but also grew up with Jimmy's playmate, good friend.
吉米是月球出生的“月二代”，他对地球很陌生，只有他父母提到过地球是他们的家园。而Robutt是一只机器狗，也是从小陪伴吉米长大的玩伴，好朋友。
Careful reading
Para. 4--6
1. What's the difference between Moon-born and Earth-born (Para 4)
2. What scene does Para 6 describe
The difference between Moon-born and Earth-born is that Moon-born can handle the lunar gravity better as no Earth-born human being could.
Para 6 describes a scene where Jimmy and Robutt are playing on the slope of the crater.
Careful reading
Para. 7--10
1. What's Jimmy's new dog like (para 7--10)
2. What's the father's attitude towards the real dog (para 10)
Jimmy's new dog is from Earth and it's the first dog on the Moon.
The father seems to be very positive and excited about the real dog. He thinks it's the "real thing" and emphasizes that Robutt is just a mechanical imitation.
Careful reading
Para. 11--19
1. What are Jimmy and his father arguing about (Para 11--15)
2.What does Jimmy think is the difference between a Robutt and a dog (Para 16--19)
Jimmy and his father are arguing about whether Robutt, a mechanical dog, is just an imitation or has some real qualities compared to a real dog.
Jimmy thinks that the difference between a Robutt and a dog is that they are not sure about the dog's inner thoughts and feelings, so it may also just be acting. However, his father insists that the love of a living dog will be genuinely felt by Jimmy.
Careful reading
Para. 20
1. What did Jimmy reject from his father Why
2.What do you think Jimmy thinks about this dog from Earth
Jimmy rejected his father's view that the difference between Robutt and a real dog lies in how they are programmed to act versus genuine emotional connections. Jimmy believed that how he felt about Robutt mattered more, regardless of how Robutt acted or whether its emotions were programmed.
According to the passage, it appears that Jimmy thinks highly of the dog Robutt on the Moon, considering he loves it and holds it tightly. He values his relationship with Robutt and doesn't want to be convinced otherwise by his father's arguments about the superiority of a real dog's love.
根据这篇文章，看来吉米对月球上的狗狗机器人评价很高，因为他爱它并紧紧地抱着它。他重视自己与罗布特的关系，不想被他父亲关于真狗之爱的优越性的论点所说服。
吉米不同意他父亲的观点，即机器人和真狗的区别在于它们的行为方式，而不是真正的情感联系。吉米认为，他对机器人的感觉更重要，不管机器人的行为如何，也不管它的情绪是否被编程。
Careful reading
Para. 21
1. How does Jimmy feel
2. How does Robutt feel Can it understand the emotions coming from Jimmy
Jimmy feels strongly attached to Robutt, as indicated by his tight embrace. He is also determined to stand by his feelings and not change his mind about loving Robutt.
Robutt squeaks happily, indicating that it feels pleasure from being held tightly by Jimmy. However, as a robot, it may not fully understand the emotional depth and complexity coming from Jimmy. Its reactions are likely based on programmed responses to certain stimuli, although in this context, it can be interpreted as a positive response to Jimmy's affection.
罗布高兴地吱吱叫着，表示被吉米紧紧抱着很开心。然而，作为一个机器人，它可能无法完全理解来自吉米的情感深度和复杂性。它的反应可能是基于对某些刺激的程序化反应，尽管在这种情况下，它可以被解释为对吉米的感情的积极反应。
吉米对罗伯特有强烈的感情，他紧紧地拥抱着他。他也决心坚持自己的感情，不改变对罗布的爱。
Careful reading
Title
Author
Setting
Time:
Place:
Characters
Jimmy, a Moon-born boy
A Boy’s Best Friend
Isaac Asimov
In the future
On the Moon
Mr Anderson, Jimmy’s father
Mrs Anderson, Jimmy’s mother
Robutt, a mechanical dog,
Jimmy’s pet
Complete the summary of the story.
3
Post-reading
Plot
Jimmy’s parents get a dog from Earth. They want to give it to Jimmy as a pet. But… Jimmy already has a robot pet named Robutt. His parents think it would be good for Jimmy to have a real dog, and that he would like it. They want to send Robutt to another family. To his parents’ surprise, Jimmy refuses to accept the real dog, because he loves Robutt and he believes Robutt loves him too. For Jimmy, Robutt is not just a mechanical dog, but a real friend.
Different attitudes towards Robutt
Parents:
Jimmy:
They think Robutt is a mechanical imitation of a real dog.
He loves Robutt and treats him like a real dog.
Complete the summary of the story.
3
Post-reading
Now talk about your attitudes towards the story.
At the beginning of the story, we know Jimmy has never seen a real dog. His parents think it would be good for Jimmy to have a real dog, and that he would like it. They wanted to send Robutt to another family. To his parents’ surprise, Jimmy refuses to accept the real dog which he never thought of, because he loves Robutt and he believes Robutt loves him too. For Jimmy, Robutt is not just a mechanical dog, but a real friend. Perhaps he had spent too much time with Robutt before and at the same time he didn’t have any idea of the real dog.
The basic facts:
Now talk about your attitudes towards the story.
This story talks about friendship, loyalty, and the special bonds we make with different beings in our lives, even if they're not what people usually think of as "real" or traditional. Jimmy, who lives on the moon and never met a real dog, is very close to his mechanical dog, Robutt. Robutt gives Jimmy comfort, fun, and a feeling of being connected. Jimmy doesn't want a real dog because Robutt is already a true friend to him.
The story also shows that humans can have deep feelings for things that are not alive. It makes us think about what makes something or someone "real" to us and questions if only living beings can have meaningful relationships.
Furthermore, it reminds us to understand and respect everyone's feelings and preferences. Jimmy's parents thought a real dog would be better for him, but Jimmy's experience with Robutt shows that what's important isn't always what's usual or expected.
In short, this story tells us to be kind and open-minded about different kinds of friendships and loves, which can be in many forms beyond the usual definitions.
Our attitudes towards the story:
这个故事讲述了友谊、忠诚，以及我们与生活中不同的人建立的特殊联系，即使它们不是人们通常认为的“真实”或传统的。吉米住在月球上，从来没有见过一只真正的狗，他和他的机械狗罗布非常亲近。罗布给吉米带来了舒适、乐趣和一种被联系在一起的感觉。吉米不想要一只真正的狗，因为罗伯特已经是他真正的朋友了。
这个故事还表明，人类可以对没有生命的东西有很深的感情。它让我们思考是什么让某事或某人对我们来说是“真实的”，并质疑是否只有生物才能拥有有意义的联系。
此外，它提醒我们要理解和尊重每个人的感受和偏好。吉米的父母认为一只真正的狗会更适合他，但吉米和罗布的经历表明，重要的并不总是通常或期望的。
简而言之，这个故事告诉我们，要对不同类型的友谊和爱情保持善良和开放的态度，这些友谊和爱情可以以许多超出通常定义的形式出现。
1 What are the similarities and differences between Robutt and a real dog
Similarities:
Both are able to respond to orders given by human beings.
Both can outrace human beings.
Both can guide and protect human beings.
Differences:
They have different appearances.
A real dog is a living creature, while Robutt is a machine.
A real dog loves human beings as a result of its nature, while Robutt is just adjusted to act as though it loves human beings.
Think and Share
2 Is there any foreshadowing of Jimmy’s final decision Find clues in the reading passage.
Yes, there is.
At the beginning of the story, we know Jimmy has never seen a real dog. It also seems that he spends a lot of time with Robutt. Jimmy plays with Robutt enthusiastically, shouting “Come on, Robutt”. In the middle of the passage, we are told that “Jimmy couldn’t go wrong while Robutt was around”, indicating that Robutt protects Jimmy well.
Think and Share
3 What other sci-fi novels about robots can you think of Share one with the class.
The Last Question by Isaac Asimov is by far my favorite story of all those I have written. After all, I undertook to tell several trillion years of human history in the space of a short story and I left it to you as to how well I succeeded. I also undertook another task， but I won't tell you what that was lest I spoil the story for you. It is a curious fact that innumerable readers have asked me if I wrote this story. They seem never to remember the title of the story or ( for sure ) the author, except for the vague thought it might be me. But, of course, they never forget the story itself especially the ending. The idea seems to drown out everything-and I'm satisfied that it should.
Think and Share
4 The two reading passages in this unit show us different aspects of technology in the future. Which of these do you most expect to encounter in your lifetime
I expect to encounter one robot dog such as Robutt. I think such kind of dog is of much benefit and help to mankind. For example the“robotic guide dog" will help support visually impaired people who are unable to have a real animal.
Think and Share
1 Answer the questions to help to form your point of view.
Why do Jimmy and his parents have different feelings towards Robutt
If you were Jimmy, which one would you choose, Robutt or a real dog
Because Jimmy was born on the Moon, he has never seen a real dog. He has been getting along well with Robutt, and thus has developed an affection for him. He cannot figure out why a real dog is better than a mechanical dog, despite his father’s explanation. While Jimmy’s parents have seen real dogs before they left Earth. They know what real dogs look like. They think Robutt is just a machine.
Work in groups. Give a talk on whether it is possible to have a real friendship with a robot.
4
If I were Jimmy, I would choose to own a real dog, because I need real comfort and genuine love and loyalty from my pet.
Post-reading
2 Organise the main points you would like to cover and complete the table.
Point of view
Arguments
Supporting details
Conclusion
Work in groups. Give a talk on whether it is possible to have a real friendship with a robot.
4
It is possible.
We enter the era of social robotics.
Like the close relationship between Jimmy and Robutt.
We will all be having relationships with robots.
Post-reading
3 Give your talk to the class.
Humans can form powerful emotional attachments to non-living objects, particularly objects that resemble other humans or living beings. As we now enter the era of social robotics，we can expect the opportunities for forming friendship to grow. In the not too distant future, we will all be having relationships with robots, whether we like it or not, just like the close relationship between Jimmy and Robutt described in the passage.
Work in groups. Give a talk on whether it is possible to have a real friendship with a robot.
4
Post-reading
根据课文内容,判断正(T)误(F)。
1. Robutt is one of the children of Mr Anderson.
2. Jimmy looked thicker and stubbier when he wore his spacesuit.
3. Robutt didn’t need a spacesuit when he was with Jimmy.
F
T
T
Post-reading
1.Where was the real dog when Jimmy’s parents were having a conversation
A. On the Earth.
B. At the rocket station.
C. Behind a rock.
D. On the Mars.
2.Who is Jimmy’s best friend according to the passage
A. Mr Anderson.
B. Mrs Anderson.
C. Robutt.
D. His classmate.
Reading comprehension
Post-reading
3.How did Robutt react when Jimmy hid behind a rock
A. It tripped him and looked for him.
B. It jumped on the rock and squeaked low.
C. It was frowning with the desperate look on its face.
D. It circled around and squeaked low and was scared.
Post-reading
Reading comprehension
Jimmy,1.　　　　　long and agile arms and legs , was out on the crater , looking 2.　　　　　(thick) and stubbier with his spacesuit on. Robutt , a dog, was a mechanical imitation,3.　　　　　 had four legs , tripping Jimmy or jumping on him 4.　　　　　(show) how much he loved him, or 5._________(circle) around and squeaking low and 6.　　　　　(scare) when Jimmy hid behind a rock . Robutt 7.　　　　　(adjust) to act as if it loves Jimmy. Jimmy held Robutt 8.　　　　　(tight).9. 　　　　　 the little robot-mutt which had never been held like that in all its 10._________(exist), squeaked high.
with
thicker
which
to show
circling　
scared
is adjusted　
tightly
And　
existence
语法填空
Post-reading