专题十 语 态
英语动词有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。谓语动词为主动语态的句子叫主动句,谓语动词为被动语态的句子叫被动句。
一、各种时态的被动语态
被动语态由“主语+be+及物动词的过去分词”构成,be动词有时态、人称和数的变化。
结 构 例 句
一般现在时: 主语+am/is/are+过去分词 The classroom is cleaned every day. 这间教室每天都打扫。
一般过去时: 主语+was/were+过去分词 Our school was built in 1998.我们的学校在1998年建造。
一般将来时: 主语+shall/will+be+过去分词 The sports meeting will be held tomorrow. 运动会明天举行。
现在进行时: 主语+am/is/are+being+过去分词 The car is being repaired. 这辆汽车正在修理中。
过去进行时: 主语+was/were+being+过去分词 The machine was being painted then. 那时那台机器正在上油漆。
现在完成时: 主语+has/have+been+过去分词 The bank has been built. 银行已经建成了。
过去完成时: 主语+had+been+过去分词 I had been invited to visit Japan before I came here. 在来这里之前我已经被邀请访问日本了。
过去将来时: 主语+should/would+be+过去分词 Ann told me she would be sent to America.安告诉我她将被派往美国。
含有情态动词的被动语态: 主语+情态动词+be+过去分词 The bike can’t be put here.这辆自行车不能被放在这里。
【拓展】 主动语态变被动语态的一般方法
(1)将主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语。把主动句里的宾格人称代词改为主格形式。
(2)把主动句的谓语动词改为“be+过去分词”,be动词的人称和数随新的主语(原句中的宾语)而改变,时态保持不变。
(3)将主动结构中的主语变为介词by的宾语(若动作的执行者没有必要说明则可以省略该by短语)。
具体如下图所示:
二、特殊形式的被动语态
1.主动句中谓语是动词短语时,变为被动句时要注意其完整性。例如:
Jack turned on the TV just now.
→The TV was turned on by Jack just now.
2.主动句中感官动词see、hear、watch、feel等和使役动词make、let、have等后跟省略to的动词不定式,变为被动语态时应加上不定式符号to。如:
We saw an alien get out of the UFO.
→An alien was seen to get out of the UFO.
3.带双宾语的主动句改为被动句时,可以把间接宾语(人)改为主语,或者把直接宾语(物)改为主语,此时间接宾语前必须加介词to或for。如:
She will lend me some money.
→I will be lent some money by her.
→Some money will be lent to me by her.
她将借一些钱给我。
My father bought me a computer.
→I was bought a computer by my father.
→A computer was bought for me by my father. 我父亲给我买了一台电脑。
【温馨提示】
按英语习惯,在bring、give、hand、lend、offer、 pass、sell、show、take、tell等动词后通常用介词to来引出间接宾语;在build、buy、cook、 choose、find、fix、get、make、order、paint、sing等动词后通常用介词for来引出间接宾语。
3年淮安、江苏真题
Ⅰ.单项选择
1.(2024·扬州中考)As we all know, the Yangtze River ______as a “mother river” of the Chinese nation.
A.knows B.knew
C.is known D.was known
2.(2024·连云港中考)Robot dogs ______as volunteers for the first time during the 2023 Asian Games.
A.use B.used
C.are used D.were used
3.(2023·徐州中考)The Monkey King is a traditional Chinese character. It ______by people of all ages.
A.is loved B.was loved
C.will love D.is loving
4.(2023·镇江中考)When I was a pupil, some of my pocket money ______to buy comic books.
A.use B.is used
C.used D.was used
5.(2023·连云港中考) To make the environment much better, more trees ______next year.
A.plant B.will plant
C.are planted D.will be planted
6.(2023·扬州中考)Sand turns to glass when it ______by lightning.
A.hits B.is hit
C.is hitting D.will be hit
7.(2022·徐州中考) I ______by aliens on my way home the other day. Do you believe me
A.have attacked B.was attacked
C.was attacking D.am attacked
8.(2022·无锡中考)UNICEF, part of the United Nations, ______in Europe in 1946 after World War II.
A.set up B.was set up
C.took up D.was taken up
Ⅱ.用括号中所给单词的正确形式填空
1.(2023·淮安中考)New clothes and shoes are sent(send) to children in poor areas by my classmates every year.
2.(2024·扬州中考)If salt is spread(spread) onto the ice, the freezing temperature will be lower than 0℃.
3.(2024·无锡中考) This stone bridge was built(build) over 800 years ago.
4.(2023·无锡中考)This T-shirt is made(make) of silk and it feels very smooth.
5.(2022·南京中考)All the dialogue in Baiju is spoken(speak) in Nanjing dialect, easy to understand, and full of humor.
语法专题集训
单项选择
1.(2024·凉山州中考)—Do you know the Spring Festival became a UN Floating Holiday in 2024
—Yes. The Spring Festival ______widely in the world nowadays.
A.is celebrated
B.was celebrated
C.will be celebrated
D.will celebrate
2.(2024·江西中考)Ted preferred pop music when he ______about his favorite music in the interview.
A.was asked B.asked
C.is asked D.asks
3.(2024·泸州中考)—Tom, the high-speed railway (高铁) connecting Luzhou with Chongqing ______this year hopefully.
— Amazing! I’m looking forward to it!
A.completes
B.is completed
C.was completed
D.will be completed
4.(2023·安徽中考)Computers have had a great influence on learning methods since they ______in to school.
A.introduce B.introduced
C.are introduced D.were introduced
5.(2023·天津中考)Some photos of the moon ______in the Space Club next week.
A.shows B.is showing
C.were shown D.will be shown
6.(2023·新疆中考) —Hanfu lovers ______walking down the street in many cities.
—Well, wearing hanfu helps to understand the Chinese culture.
A.can be found B.can find
C.must be found D.must find专题十 语 态
英语动词有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。谓语动词为主动语态的句子叫主动句,谓语动词为被动语态的句子叫被动句。
一、各种时态的被动语态
被动语态由“主语+be+及物动词的过去分词”构成,be动词有时态、人称和数的变化。
结 构 例 句
一般现在时: 主语+am/is/are+过去分词 The classroom every day. 这间教室每天都打扫。
一般过去时: 主语+was/were+过去分词 Our school in 1998.我们的学校在1998年建造。
一般将来时: 主语+shall/will+be+过去分词 The sports meeting tomorrow. 运动会明天举行。
现在进行时: 主语+am/is/are+being+过去分词 The car . 这辆汽车正在修理中。
过去进行时: 主语+was/were+being+过去分词 The machine then. 那时那台机器正在上油漆。
现在完成时: 主语+has/have+been+过去分词 The bank . 银行已经建成了。
过去完成时: 主语+had+been+过去分词 I to visit Japan before I came here. 在来这里之前我已经被邀请访问日本了。
过去将来时: 主语+should/would+be+过去分词 Ann told me she to America.安告诉我她将被派往美国。
含有情态动词的被动语态: 主语+情态动词+be+过去分词 The bike here.这辆自行车不能被放在这里。
【拓展】 主动语态变被动语态的一般方法
(1)将主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语。把主动句里的宾格人称代词改为主格形式。
(2)把主动句的谓语动词改为“be+过去分词”,be动词的人称和数随新的主语(原句中的宾语)而改变,时态保持不变。
(3)将主动结构中的主语变为介词by的宾语(若动作的执行者没有必要说明则可以省略该by短语)。
具体如下图所示:
二、特殊形式的被动语态
1.主动句中谓语是动词短语时,变为被动句时要注意其完整性。例如:
Jack turned on the TV just now.
→The TV was turned on by Jack just now.
2.主动句中感官动词see、hear、watch、feel等和使役动词make、let、have等后跟省略to的动词不定式,变为被动语态时应加上不定式符号to。如:
We saw an alien get out of the UFO.
→An alien was seen to get out of the UFO.
3.带双宾语的主动句改为被动句时,可以把间接宾语(人)改为主语,或者把直接宾语(物)改为主语,此时间接宾语前必须加介词to或for。如:
She will lend me some money.
→I will be lent some money by her.
→Some money will be lent by her.
她将借一些钱给我。
My father bought me a computer.
→I was bought a computer by my father.
→A computer was bought by my father. 我父亲给我买了一台电脑。
【温馨提示】
按英语习惯,在bring、give、hand、lend、offer、 pass、sell、show、take、tell等动词后通常用介词to来引出间接宾语;在build、buy、cook、 choose、find、fix、get、make、order、paint、sing等动词后通常用介词for来引出间接宾语。
3年淮安、江苏真题
Ⅰ.单项选择
1.(2024·扬州中考)As we all know, the Yangtze River ______as a “mother river” of the Chinese nation.
A.knows B.knew
C.is known D.was known
2.(2024·连云港中考)Robot dogs ______as volunteers for the first time during the 2023 Asian Games.
A.use B.used
C.are used D.were used
3.(2023·徐州中考)The Monkey King is a traditional Chinese character. It ______by people of all ages.
A.is loved B.was loved
C.will love D.is loving
4.(2023·镇江中考)When I was a pupil, some of my pocket money ______to buy comic books.
A.use B.is used
C.used D.was used
5.(2023·连云港中考) To make the environment much better, more trees ______next year.
A.plant B.will plant
C.are planted D.will be planted
6.(2023·扬州中考)Sand turns to glass when it ______by lightning.
A.hits B.is hit
C.is hitting D.will be hit
7.(2022·徐州中考) I ______by aliens on my way home the other day. Do you believe me
A.have attacked B.was attacked
C.was attacking D.am attacked
8.(2022·无锡中考)UNICEF, part of the United Nations, ______in Europe in 1946 after World War II.
A.set up B.was set up
C.took up D.was taken up
Ⅱ.用括号中所给单词的正确形式填空
1.(2023·淮安中考)New clothes and shoes (send) to children in poor areas by my classmates every year.
2.(2024·扬州中考)If salt is (spread) onto the ice, the freezing temperature will be lower than 0℃.
3.(2024·无锡中考) This stone bridge (build) over 800 years ago.
4.(2023·无锡中考)This T-shirt (make) of silk and it feels very smooth.
5.(2022·南京中考)All the dialogue in Baiju (speak) in Nanjing dialect, easy to understand, and full of humor.
语法专题集训
单项选择
1.(2024·凉山州中考)—Do you know the Spring Festival became a UN Floating Holiday in 2024
—Yes. The Spring Festival ______widely in the world nowadays.
A.is celebrated
B.was celebrated
C.will be celebrated
D.will celebrate
2.(2024·江西中考)Ted preferred pop music when he ______about his favorite music in the interview.
A.was asked B.asked
C.is asked D.asks
3.(2024·泸州中考)—Tom, the high-speed railway (高铁) connecting Luzhou with Chongqing ______this year hopefully.
— Amazing! I’m looking forward to it!
A.completes
B.is completed
C.was completed
D.will be completed
4.(2023·安徽中考)Computers have had a great influence on learning methods since they ______in to school.
A.introduce B.introduced
C.are introduced D.were introduced
5.(2023·天津中考)Some photos of the moon ______in the Space Club next week.
A.shows B.is showing
C.were shown D.will be shown
6.(2023·新疆中考) —Hanfu lovers ______walking down the street in many cities.
—Well, wearing hanfu helps to understand the Chinese culture.
A.can be found B.can find
C.must be found D.must find
