专题十四 宾语从句和定语从句
一、宾语从句
宾语从句是指在复合句中充当宾语的句子。宾语从句的考查点主要集中在时态、语序、引导词三个方面。
时态 ①主句是现在时,从句根据实际情况使用相应时态 ②主句是过去时,从句使用过去时的某种形式 ③从句表示的是客观事实、真理、自然现象等时,不管主句使用什么时态,从句都用一般现在时
语序 从句一律用陈述语序,即主语+谓语+宾语+其他
引 导 词 ①that没有词义,不充当句子成分,在口语和非正式文体中常被省略 ②当宾语从句由一般疑问句变化而来时,引导词用if或whether,表示“是否” ③what、when、where、how、whatever、whenever、wherever、who、whom、whose等特殊疑问词作引导词
【温馨提示】 宾语从句中的否定转移
当主句的谓语是think、believe、guess、suppose等表示“认为、相信、猜想、期望”等意思的动词,且主句的主语是第一人称,时态为一般现在时时,从句的否定一般要转移到主句上来。如:
I don’t think he can finish it by himself.
二、定语从句
在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词有三个作用:1.引导定语从句 2.代替先行词 3.在定语从句中充当某种成分。关系词分为关系代词和关系副词两类,其基本用法如下:
1.关系代词的基本用法
成分 作主语 作宾语 作定语
指人 who/that who/whom/that/省略 whose
指物 which/that which/that/省略 whose
【温馨提示】
(1)关系词只能用that的情况:
①先行词既有人又有物时。
②先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时。
③先行词为all、much、little、something、anything、everything、nothing等不定代词时。
④先行词被序数词修饰时。
(2)先行词为物时,只能用which的情况:
①关系代词位于介词之后时。
②主句主语为that,those时。
2.关系副词的基本用法
用 法 例 句
when表示时间,在定语从句中作时间状语,其先行词是表示时间的名词(year、season、day等) I still remember the days when we worked together. 我仍然记得我们在一起工作的日子。
where表示地点,在定语从句中作地点状语,其先行词是表示地点的名词(place、school、room等) This is the school where we once studied.这就是我们曾经学习过的学校。
why表示原因,在定语从句中作原因状语,其先行词只有表示原因的reason一词 Can you tell me the reason why he hasn’t come here 你能告诉我他没来这儿的原因吗
3年淮安、江苏真题
单项选择
1.(2023·淮安中考)—Chen Dan, do you know ______
—Bus No.3 will take you there.
A.what is Star Park like
B.what Star Park is like
C.how can I get to Star Park
D.how I can get to Star Park
2.(2022·淮安中考)—Mum, I found a wallet on the bus this morning.
—I think you should give it to the police and they may know ______.
A.how is the owner
B.who is the owner
C.how the owner is
D.who the owner is
3.(2024·连云港中考)—John, can you tell me ______in the future
—I want to be a football player.
A.what will you do B.where will you go
C.what you will do D.where you will go
4.(2024·扬州中考)Teenagers don’t always understand ______their parents have so many rules.
A.why B.which
C.where D.what
5.(2023·南京中考)—I’m very hungry,Amy.Do you know ______
—Of course!I suggest Sunshine Fast Food over there.
A.where we can get some food quickly
B.where can we get some food quickly
C.when we can get some food quickly
D.when can we get some food quickly
6.(2023·南通中考)—Mike, your first Dragon Boat Festival in China is coming. Shall we celebrate it together
—I’d love to, but could you tell me ______
A.what is the meaning of the festival
B.where we would have the celebration
C.how you usually celebrate the festival
D.when is this year’s Dragon Boat Festival
7.(2023·扬州中考)—I’m wondering ______at a low price.
—You can book one through our official APP.
A.how I can buy the air ticket
B.how can I buy the air ticket
C.when I can buy the air ticket
D.when can I buy the air ticket
8.(2023·无锡中考)—You know ______ In 12 hours!
— That’s crazy. How is it even possible
A.how soon we must finish the task
B.how often we must finish the task
C.how soon must we finish the task
D.how often must we finish the task
9.(2023·连云港中考) —Sarah, do you know ______
—It’s on April 23.
A.what is World Book Day
B.what World Book Day is
C.when is World Book Day
D.when World Book Day is
10.(2022·宿迁中考) —Jenny,do you know ______
—Er, next Tuesday.
A.when the sports meeting will take place
B.when will the sports meeting take place
C.where the sports meeting will take place
D.where will the sports meeting take place
语法专题集训
单项选择
1.(2024·长春中考) As a science lover, I hope I can invent a bike ______can fly in the sky.
A.where B.when
C.which D.who
2.(2024·临夏州中考)A true friend is a person ______can help you when you are in trouble.
A.who B.whom
C.whose D.which
3.(2024·临夏州中考)—Do you know ______Dunhuang
—Because the scenery there is so fascinating and the culture is so rich.
A.what they think of
B.how to get to
C.why many people travel to
D.where we can learn about
4.(2024·长春中考)—The Mid-Autumn Festival is coming. I wonder ______.
—In your uncle’s home.
A.where we will celebrate it
B.when we will celebrate it
C.where will we celebrate it
D.when will we celebrate it
5.(2024·武汉中考)The saying “Knowledge starts with practice” tells us ______.
A.what is knowledge
B.how we can get knowledge
C.why is practice powerful
D.when we should start practicing
6.(2024·遂宁中考)—Excuse me, could you please tell me ______
—It’s on sale, only 45 yuan. Do you like it
A.how much does the jacket cost
B.how much the jacket costs
C.what was the price of the jacket
D.whether the price of the jacket was high
7.(2023·吉林中考) The students are reading books ______are full of the “red spirit” these days.
A.who B.where C.which D.what
8.(2023·新疆中考) Lots of Chinese young people ______were born after 1995 use door-to-door cooking to save time.
A.that B.those C.which D./
9.(2023·北京中考)—Lily, can you tell me ______during the Dragon Boat Festival this year
—Sure. We ate zongzi and watched a dragon boat race.
A.what you will do
B.what you did
C.what will you do
D.what did you do
10.(2023·达州中考)—The Lifelong Journey is one of the most touching books ______I have ever read.
—Yeah, the book is fantastic and I am looking forward to ______it again.
A.that; reading B.which; to read
C.that; to read D.which; reading专题十四 宾语从句和定语从句
一、宾语从句
宾语从句是指在复合句中充当宾语的句子。宾语从句的考查点主要集中在时态、语序、引导词三个方面。
时态 ①主句是现在时,从句根据实际情况使用相应时态 ②主句是过去时,从句使用过去时的某种形式 ③从句表示的是客观事实、真理、自然现象等时,不管主句使用什么时态,从句都用一般现在时
语序 从句一律用陈述语序,即主语+谓语+宾语+其他
引 导 词 ①that没有词义,不充当句子成分,在口语和非正式文体中常被省略 ②当宾语从句由一般疑问句变化而来时,引导词用if或whether,表示“是否” ③what、when、where、how、whatever、whenever、wherever、who、whom、whose等特殊疑问词作引导词
【温馨提示】 宾语从句中的否定转移
当主句的谓语是think、believe、guess、suppose等表示“认为、相信、猜想、期望”等意思的动词,且主句的主语是第一人称,时态为一般现在时时,从句的否定一般要转移到主句上来。如:
I don’t think he can finish it by himself.
二、定语从句
在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词有三个作用:1.引导定语从句 2.代替先行词 3.在定语从句中充当某种成分。关系词分为关系代词和关系副词两类,其基本用法如下:
1.关系代词的基本用法
成分 作主语 作宾语 作定语
指人 who/that who/whom/that/省略 whose
指物 which/that which/that/省略 whose
【温馨提示】
(1)关系词只能用that的情况:
①先行词既有人又有物时。
②先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时。
③先行词为all、much、little、something、anything、everything、nothing等不定代词时。
④先行词被序数词修饰时。
(2)先行词为物时,只能用which的情况:
①关系代词位于介词之后时。
②主句主语为that,those时。
2.关系副词的基本用法
用 法 例 句
when表示时间,在定语从句中作时间状语,其先行词是表示时间的名词(year、season、day等) I still remember the days we worked together. 我仍然记得我们在一起工作的日子。
where表示地点,在定语从句中作地点状语,其先行词是表示地点的名词(place、school、room等) This is the school we once studied.这就是我们曾经学习过的学校。
why表示原因,在定语从句中作原因状语,其先行词只有表示原因的reason一词 Can you tell me the reason he hasn’t come here 你能告诉我他没来这儿的原因吗
3年淮安、江苏真题
单项选择
1.(2023·淮安中考)—Chen Dan, do you know ______
—Bus No.3 will take you there.
A.what is Star Park like
B.what Star Park is like
C.how can I get to Star Park
D.how I can get to Star Park
2.(2022·淮安中考)—Mum, I found a wallet on the bus this morning.
—I think you should give it to the police and they may know ______.
A.how is the owner
B.who is the owner
C.how the owner is
D.who the owner is
3.(2024·连云港中考)—John, can you tell me ______in the future
—I want to be a football player.
A.what will you do B.where will you go
C.what you will do D.where you will go
4.(2024·扬州中考)Teenagers don’t always understand ______their parents have so many rules.
A.why B.which
C.where D.what
5.(2023·南京中考)—I’m very hungry,Amy.Do you know ______
—Of course!I suggest Sunshine Fast Food over there.
A.where we can get some food quickly
B.where can we get some food quickly
C.when we can get some food quickly
D.when can we get some food quickly
6.(2023·南通中考)—Mike, your first Dragon Boat Festival in China is coming. Shall we celebrate it together
—I’d love to, but could you tell me ______
A.what is the meaning of the festival
B.where we would have the celebration
C.how you usually celebrate the festival
D.when is this year’s Dragon Boat Festival
7.(2023·扬州中考)—I’m wondering ______at a low price.
—You can book one through our official APP.
A.how I can buy the air ticket
B.how can I buy the air ticket
C.when I can buy the air ticket
D.when can I buy the air ticket
8.(2023·无锡中考)—You know ______ In 12 hours!
— That’s crazy. How is it even possible
A.how soon we must finish the task
B.how often we must finish the task
C.how soon must we finish the task
D.how often must we finish the task
9.(2023·连云港中考) —Sarah, do you know ______
—It’s on April 23.
A.what is World Book Day
B.what World Book Day is
C.when is World Book Day
D.when World Book Day is
10.(2022·宿迁中考) —Jenny,do you know ______
—Er, next Tuesday.
A.when the sports meeting will take place
B.when will the sports meeting take place
C.where the sports meeting will take place
D.where will the sports meeting take place
语法专题集训
单项选择
1.(2024·长春中考) As a science lover, I hope I can invent a bike ______can fly in the sky.
A.where B.when
C.which D.who
2.(2024·临夏州中考)A true friend is a person ______can help you when you are in trouble.
A.who B.whom
C.whose D.which
3.(2024·临夏州中考)—Do you know ______Dunhuang
—Because the scenery there is so fascinating and the culture is so rich.
A.what they think of
B.how to get to
C.why many people travel to
D.where we can learn about
4.(2024·长春中考)—The Mid-Autumn Festival is coming. I wonder ______.
—In your uncle’s home.
A.where we will celebrate it
B.when we will celebrate it
C.where will we celebrate it
D.when will we celebrate it
5.(2024·武汉中考)The saying “Knowledge starts with practice” tells us ______.
A.what is knowledge
B.how we can get knowledge
C.why is practice powerful
D.when we should start practicing
6.(2024·遂宁中考)—Excuse me, could you please tell me ______
—It’s on sale, only 45 yuan. Do you like it
A.how much does the jacket cost
B.how much the jacket costs
C.what was the price of the jacket
D.whether the price of the jacket was high
7.(2023·吉林中考) The students are reading books ______are full of the “red spirit” these days.
A.who B.where C.which D.what
8.(2023·新疆中考) Lots of Chinese young people ______were born after 1995 use door-to-door cooking to save time.
A.that B.those C.which D./
9.(2023·北京中考)—Lily, can you tell me ______during the Dragon Boat Festival this year
—Sure. We ate zongzi and watched a dragon boat race.
A.what you will do
B.what you did
C.what will you do
D.what did you do
10.(2023·达州中考)—The Lifelong Journey is one of the most touching books ______I have ever read.
—Yeah, the book is fantastic and I am looking forward to ______it again.
A.that; reading B.which; to read
C.that; to read D.which; reading
