专题十一 非谓语动词
在英语句子中,动词有两类,一类是谓语动词,另一类是非谓语动词。非谓语动词有四种,即动词不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词。
一、动词不定式
动词不定式可作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和宾语补足语,初中阶段常考动词不定式作宾语、宾语补足语及目的状语的用法。
功能 例 句 说 明
主语 is dangerous.在这里游泳是危险的。 动词不定式作主语时常可转化为用it作形式主语
表语 My job is .我的工作是照看我妹妹。 多数情况下,动词不定式作表语,可转换为作主语
宾语 I want . 我想成为一名演员。 通常作动词的宾语,一般不作介词的宾语
宾语 补足语 She asked me . 她要求我说英语。 在make、let、see、hear、watch等使役动词后,不定式省略to
定语 Do you have anything 你有要说的吗 不定式作定语,要放在所修饰词的后面
状语 I come here .我来这里是为了见你。 不定式作目的状语,其逻辑主语要和句子的主语一致
【温馨提示】
动词不定式可以与疑问词连用,用作主语、宾语、表语等。如:
hasn’t been discussed.(作主语)
什么时候开始还没有被讨论。
She told me .(作宾语)
她告诉我如何学习英语。
【助记】
1.只能跟不定式作宾语的动词(短语):
决定学会有希望(decide、learn、wish、hope),
同意计划莫假装(agree、plan、pretend),
胆敢拒绝会失败(dare、refuse、fail),
准备设法来帮忙(prepare、try、manage、help),
提供请求负担起(offer、beg、demand、afford),
答应安排理应当(promise、arrange、be supposed),
以上后跟不定式,劝君牢记永不忘。
2.有些动词后接不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语,具体归纳为:一感(feel);二听(listen to、 hear);三让(let、 have、 make);四看(look、 see、 watch、 notice);半帮助(help)。如:
The boss makes them 16 hours a day.
老板让他们一天工作16个小时。
I heard her in the next room.
我听到她在隔壁房间唱歌。
注意:上述结构改为被动语态时,不定式符号to要加上。如:
They are made 16 hours a day by the boss.
他们被老板逼着一天工作16个小时。
She was heard in the next room.
她被听到在隔壁房间唱歌。
二、动名词
功能 例 句 说 明
主语 is bad for your health. 吃太多对你的健康有害处。 谓语动词用单数
宾语 I like . 我喜欢打篮球。 Thanks for . 谢谢你帮助我们。 作动词和介词的宾语
表语 His hobby is .他的爱好是集邮。 多数情况下可转换为动名词作主语
定语 Bill is in the . 比尔在阅览室里。 表明被修饰词的用途、所属关系等
【助记】 常接动名词作宾语的动词或动词短语:
喜欢(enjoy)不断(keep)提建议(suggest),
想要(feel like)介意(mind)已完毕(finish),
忍不住(can’t help)去练习(practice)和考虑(consider)。
三、现在分词和过去分词
功能 例 句 说 明
定语 ①Do you know the boy 你认识正在踢足球的那个男孩吗 ②Please hand in your exercise. 请上交你的书面练习。 单个分词位于被修饰词之前;分词短语位于被修饰词之后。现在分词表示“主动和正在进行”;过去分词表示“被动和已完成”
状语 ①The students went out of the classroom, . 学生们谈笑着走出教室。 ② our school looks more beautiful.从小山上看,我们的学校显得更美丽。 分词(短语)的逻辑主语和句子主语一致。现在分词表示“主动和正在进行”;过去分词表示“被动和已完成”
补足语 ①Don’t keep me . 别让我等很长时间。 ②I had my hair last night. 昨天晚上我理发了。 被修饰的宾语或主语和现在分词是主动关系;和过去分词是被动关系
3年淮安、江苏真题
Ⅰ.单项选择
1.(2024·扬州中考)China has made great efforts ______other countries build high-speed railways.
A.help B.to help
C.helping D.helped
2.(2023·镇江中考) Travellers can’t wait ______their new tours in the coming holiday.
A.to start B.starting
C.started D.start
3.(2023·南通中考)______ healthy, we’ve got used to washing hands before meals and using public chopsticks.
A.Keeping B.Keep
C.To keep D.To keeping
4.(2023·宿迁中考)—Our school will invite Mr Wang ______us a talk on environmental protection next week.
—That’s wonderful!
A.give B.to give
C.giving D.gave
5.(2023·扬州中考)Science is my favourite subject, so I have prepared ______the STEAM Club.
A.join B.joining
C.to join D.to joining
6.(2022·南京中考)— I have less homework than before.
—Me too. Now we have enough time ______books.
A.read B.reads
C.to read D.reading
7.(2022·宿迁中考) —Miss Li,can you tell me how to improve my writing skills
—Certainly. I advise you ______a diary in English every day.
A.to keep B.keeping
C.kept D.keep
Ⅱ.用括号中所给单词的正确形式填空
1.(2023·淮安中考)—Professor Wang will give us a talk on the history of Huai’an tomorrow.
—Really I look forward to (attend) it.
2.(2023·淮安中考) Our government has taken action (make) life in the countryside better.
3.(2022·淮安中考)Miss Gao is preparing a talk on how (solve) teenager problems.
4.(2024·无锡中考) The children did a lot of research in the lab (finish) the science project.
5.(2023·无锡中考)The firemen had no choice but (break) the window.
6.(2023·无锡中考)Our planet is becoming more and more (pollute). How can we start all over again
7.(2023·南京中考)A book review can often tell me whether a book is worth (read) or not.
8.(2023·无锡中考) Go and have a good sleep, baby. Let me (worry) about these things.
9.(2022·泰州中考) Our country has made laws (protect) biodiversity(生物多样性)of the Yangtze River.
10.(2022·无锡中考)Remember to wash hands often and be sure (wear) masks correctly.
11.(2022·无锡中考)—Lily, I have difficulty (read) comic strips in English.
—Don’t worry. Let’s read some together.
语法专题集训
单项选择
1.(2024·遂宁中考) —Daddy, the Middle Autumn Festival is coming. Could you please tell me ______for grandparents
—You can buy some mooncakes, fruits and flowers for them.
A.how to buy B.what to buy
C.where to buy D.when to buy
2.(2024·天津中考) People may use different body language ______the same feelings.
A.show B.to show
C.showed D.shows
3.(2024·绥化中考) My little brother suggested ______for a walk.
A.to go B.going C.goes D.go
4.(2024·绥化中考) The tea ______in China ______to many different countries and places each year.
A.is made; sent B.made; sent
C.made; is sent D.is made; send
5.(2023·云南中考)Today is Father’s Day, and I plan ______a dinner for my father.
A.to prepare B.preparing
C.prepared D.prepare
6.(2023·自贡中考)—Mike, we are told not ______the phone while crossing the street.
—I am sorry. I won’t do it again.
A.answering B.to answer
C.answer D.answered
7.(2023·黔东南、黔南、黔西南三州中考) Parents should always tell their kids ______
with strangers.
A.not to talk B.not talking
C.to not talk D.not talk
8.(2023·长春中考)We expect the world ______China better after the 19th Asian Games in Hangzhou.
A.understanding B.to understand
C.understood D.understand
9.(2023·营口中考)In order ______the earliest flight, my sister forced herself to get up early this morning.
A.not to miss B.not missing
C.to miss D.missing
10.(2023·绥化中考) I saw Lily ______when I passed her room.
A.dance B.dancing
C.to dance D.dances
11.(2023·黔东南、黔南、黔西南三州中考) Please stop ______and go out for a walk. Remember ______warm clothes.
A.to study; wearing
B.studying; to wear
C.to study; to wear
D.studying; wearing
12.(2023·孝感中考)—Safety is very important to all of us.
—I agree. We students should learn ______ourselves in the daily life.
A.where to hold B.what to visit
C.how to protect D.why to help专题十一 非谓语动词
在英语句子中,动词有两类,一类是谓语动词,另一类是非谓语动词。非谓语动词有四种,即动词不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词。
一、动词不定式
动词不定式可作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和宾语补足语,初中阶段常考动词不定式作宾语、宾语补足语及目的状语的用法。
功能 例 句 说 明
主语 To swim here is dangerous.在这里游泳是危险的。 动词不定式作主语时常可转化为用it作形式主语
表语 My job is to look after my sister.我的工作是照看我妹妹。 多数情况下,动词不定式作表语,可转换为作主语
宾语 I want to be an actor. 我想成为一名演员。 通常作动词的宾语,一般不作介词的宾语
宾语 补足语 She asked me to speak English. 她要求我说英语。 在make、let、see、hear、watch等使役动词后,不定式省略to
定语 Do you have anything to say 你有要说的吗 不定式作定语,要放在所修饰词的后面
状语 I come here to see you.我来这里是为了见你。 不定式作目的状语,其逻辑主语要和句子的主语一致
【温馨提示】
动词不定式可以与疑问词连用,用作主语、宾语、表语等。如:
When to start hasn’t been discussed.(作主语)
什么时候开始还没有被讨论。
She told me how to learn English.(作宾语)
她告诉我如何学习英语。
【助记】
1.只能跟不定式作宾语的动词(短语):
决定学会有希望(decide、learn、wish、hope),
同意计划莫假装(agree、plan、pretend),
胆敢拒绝会失败(dare、refuse、fail),
准备设法来帮忙(prepare、try、manage、help),
提供请求负担起(offer、beg、demand、afford),
答应安排理应当(promise、arrange、be supposed),
以上后跟不定式,劝君牢记永不忘。
2.有些动词后接不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语,具体归纳为:一感(feel);二听(listen to、 hear);三让(let、 have、 make);四看(look、 see、 watch、 notice);半帮助(help)。如:
The boss makes them work 16 hours a day.
老板让他们一天工作16个小时。
I heard her sing in the next room.
我听到她在隔壁房间唱歌。
注意:上述结构改为被动语态时,不定式符号to要加上。如:
They are made to work 16 hours a day by the boss.
他们被老板逼着一天工作16个小时。
She was heard to sing in the next room.
她被听到在隔壁房间唱歌。
二、动名词
功能 例 句 说 明
主语 Eating too much is bad for your health. 吃太多对你的健康有害处。 谓语动词用单数
宾语 I like playing basketball. 我喜欢打篮球。 Thanks for helping us. 谢谢你帮助我们。 作动词和介词的宾语
表语 His hobby is collecting stamps.他的爱好是集邮。 多数情况下可转换为动名词作主语
定语 Bill is in the reading room. 比尔在阅览室里。 表明被修饰词的用途、所属关系等
【助记】 常接动名词作宾语的动词或动词短语:
喜欢(enjoy)不断(keep)提建议(suggest),
想要(feel like)介意(mind)已完毕(finish),
忍不住(can’t help)去练习(practice)和考虑(consider)。
三、现在分词和过去分词
功能 例 句 说 明
定语 ①Do you know the boy playing football 你认识正在踢足球的那个男孩吗 ②Please hand in your written exercise. 请上交你的书面练习。 单个分词位于被修饰词之前;分词短语位于被修饰词之后。现在分词表示“主动和正在进行”;过去分词表示“被动和已完成”
状语 ①The students went out of the classroom, talking and laughing. 学生们谈笑着走出教室。 ②Seen from the hill, our school looks more beautiful.从小山上看,我们的学校显得更美丽。 分词(短语)的逻辑主语和句子主语一致。现在分词表示“主动和正在进行”;过去分词表示“被动和已完成”
补足语 ①Don’t keep me waiting for a long time. 别让我等很长时间。 ②I had my hair cut last night. 昨天晚上我理发了。 被修饰的宾语或主语和现在分词是主动关系;和过去分词是被动关系
3年淮安、江苏真题
Ⅰ.单项选择
1.(2024·扬州中考)China has made great efforts ______other countries build high-speed railways.
A.help B.to help
C.helping D.helped
2.(2023·镇江中考) Travellers can’t wait ______their new tours in the coming holiday.
A.to start B.starting
C.started D.start
3.(2023·南通中考)______ healthy, we’ve got used to washing hands before meals and using public chopsticks.
A.Keeping B.Keep
C.To keep D.To keeping
4.(2023·宿迁中考)—Our school will invite Mr Wang ______us a talk on environmental protection next week.
—That’s wonderful!
A.give B.to give
C.giving D.gave
5.(2023·扬州中考)Science is my favourite subject, so I have prepared ______the STEAM Club.
A.join B.joining
C.to join D.to joining
6.(2022·南京中考)— I have less homework than before.
—Me too. Now we have enough time ______books.
A.read B.reads
C.to read D.reading
7.(2022·宿迁中考) —Miss Li,can you tell me how to improve my writing skills
—Certainly. I advise you ______a diary in English every day.
A.to keep B.keeping
C.kept D.keep
Ⅱ.用括号中所给单词的正确形式填空
1.(2023·淮安中考)—Professor Wang will give us a talk on the history of Huai’an tomorrow.
—Really I look forward to attending(attend) it.
2.(2023·淮安中考) Our government has taken action to make(make) life in the countryside better.
3.(2022·淮安中考)Miss Gao is preparing a talk on how to solve(solve) teenager problems.
4.(2024·无锡中考) The children did a lot of research in the lab to finish(finish) the science project.
5.(2023·无锡中考)The firemen had no choice but to break(break) the window.
6.(2023·无锡中考)Our planet is becoming more and more polluted(pollute). How can we start all over again
7.(2023·南京中考)A book review can often tell me whether a book is worth reading(read) or not.
8.(2023·无锡中考) Go and have a good sleep, baby. Let me worry(worry) about these things.
9.(2022·泰州中考) Our country has made laws to protect(protect) biodiversity(生物多样性)of the Yangtze River.
10.(2022·无锡中考)Remember to wash hands often and be sure to wear(wear) masks correctly.
11.(2022·无锡中考)—Lily, I have difficulty reading(read) comic strips in English.
—Don’t worry. Let’s read some together.
语法专题集训
单项选择
1.(2024·遂宁中考) —Daddy, the Middle Autumn Festival is coming. Could you please tell me ______for grandparents
—You can buy some mooncakes, fruits and flowers for them.
A.how to buy B.what to buy
C.where to buy D.when to buy
2.(2024·天津中考) People may use different body language ______the same feelings.
A.show B.to show
C.showed D.shows
3.(2024·绥化中考) My little brother suggested ______for a walk.
A.to go B.going C.goes D.go
4.(2024·绥化中考) The tea ______in China ______to many different countries and places each year.
A.is made; sent B.made; sent
C.made; is sent D.is made; send
5.(2023·云南中考)Today is Father’s Day, and I plan ______a dinner for my father.
A.to prepare B.preparing
C.prepared D.prepare
6.(2023·自贡中考)—Mike, we are told not ______the phone while crossing the street.
—I am sorry. I won’t do it again.
A.answering B.to answer
C.answer D.answered
7.(2023·黔东南、黔南、黔西南三州中考) Parents should always tell their kids ______
with strangers.
A.not to talk B.not talking
C.to not talk D.not talk
8.(2023·长春中考)We expect the world ______China better after the 19th Asian Games in Hangzhou.
A.understanding B.to understand
C.understood D.understand
9.(2023·营口中考)In order ______the earliest flight, my sister forced herself to get up early this morning.
A.not to miss B.not missing
C.to miss D.missing
10.(2023·绥化中考) I saw Lily ______when I passed her room.
A.dance B.dancing
C.to dance D.dances
11.(2023·黔东南、黔南、黔西南三州中考) Please stop ______and go out for a walk. Remember ______warm clothes.
A.to study; wearing
B.studying; to wear
C.to study; to wear
D.studying; wearing
12.(2023·孝感中考)—Safety is very important to all of us.
—I agree. We students should learn ______ourselves in the daily life.
A.where to hold B.what to visit
C.how to protect D.why to help
