语法专题提分案
专题一 名 词
一、名词的分类
1.专有名词:表示人、地方、事物、机构、组织等专有名称的名词。
2.普通名词:表示某一类人或事物或表示一个抽象概念的名称的名词。
二、名词的数
1.可数名词的数
①定义:能用数目来计算,可以分成个体的人或物。
②特点:有单数和复数两种形式,前面可用基数词、不定冠词(a/an)及many等词修饰。
2.不可数名词的数
①定义:不能用数目来计算,不可以分成个体的概念、状态、品质、感情或表示物质材料的东西。
②特点:一般只有单数形式,没有复数形式,前面可用much,little等词修饰。
★【拓展】
可数名词和不可数名词的常见修饰语如下:
(1)只修饰可数名词:few, a few, several, a couple of, many, a number of, a great/large number of
(2)只修饰不可数名词:little, a little, much, a good/great deal of, a bit of, a large amount of
(3)既可修饰可数名词又可修饰不可数名词:some, lots of, most, all, a lot of, plenty of, the rest of
3.可数名词复数形式的构成
(1)规则变化
构成方法 示 例
一般在词尾加-s girl→girls女孩 desk→desks书桌 mile→miles 英里 bag→bags包
以s、x、sh、ch结尾的加-es brush→brushes 刷子 bus→buses公共汽车 watch→watches 手表 box→boxes箱子
以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词,把y变为i,再加-es city→cities城市
以f或fe结尾的词,一般把f或fe改为v,再加-es wolf→wolves 狼 leaf→leaves叶子 wife→wives 妻子
以o结尾的可数名词 有生命的加-es potato→potatoes 土豆 tomato→tomatoes 西红柿 hero→heroes英雄
无生命的加-s zoo→zoos 动物园 radio→radios 收音机 piano→pianos 钢琴 photo→photos 照片
(2)不规则变化
构成方法 示例
元音字母 发生变化 foot→feet tooth→teeth man→men woman→women mouse→mice(老鼠) (注意:mouse意为“鼠标”时,复数为mice或mouses)
词尾加-ren child→children
单复数 形式相同 people, sheep, deer, fish (表示鱼的种类多时,其复数为fishes)
只用复数形式 clothes, trousers, jeans, scissors, glasses(眼镜)
表示“……国人” 单复数同形 Chinese→Chinese Japanese→Japanese
变man为men Englishman→Englishmen Frenchman→Frenchmen
词尾加-s German→Germans Roman→Romans American→Americans Canadian→Canadians
【巧学妙记】中日不变,英法变,其他-s加后面。
★特别注意:
当名词作定语时,单复数的使用原则如下:
(1)名词作定语,一般用单数形式。如:country music乡村音乐,three boy students三个男学生 some girl friends一些女朋友
(2)个别名词作定语,要用复数形式。如:
a clothes store 一个服装店
two sports meeting 两次运动会
(3)man和woman作定语,和后面名词的单复数保持一致。如:man doctor→men doctors男医生,woman teacher→women teachers女老师
4.不可数名词的量化表达
情况 方法 示例
具体的量 数词+表数量的名词+of/a piece of +不可数名词 a piece of paper一张纸
大概的量 表示数量的限定词(some, much, a little/little, a lot of/lots of/, plenty of等)+不可数名词 a little money 一点钱 some water 一些水
三、名词的所有格
1.’s所有格
构成方法 示例
单数名词加’s newspaper 今天的报纸 bag 男孩的书包
复数 名词 以s结尾加’ rest 两小时的休息
不以s结尾加’s Day妇女节
表示两个人共同拥有某物,只在后一个名词词尾加’s Tom and room 汤姆和彼得(共同)的房间
表示两个人各自拥有某物,在两个名词词尾分别加’s(被修饰名词要用复数形式) shoes 汤姆和彼得的鞋子
2.of所有格
of所有格一般用于表示无生命的东西的名词中。如:a map of the world 一张世界地图
3.双重所有格
(1)of+’s所有格。
如:a friend of Henry’s 亨利的一个朋友
(2)of + 名词性物主代词。
如:a good friend of mine我的一个好朋友
四、名词的功能
1.名词用作主语:要求谓语动词必须在人称和数两方面和句子的主语一致。
【提醒】特殊名词,如表示度量、时间、距离、金额等的复数名词作主语时,谓语动词往往用单数。
2.名词作表语 3.名词作宾语
4.名词作宾语补足语 5.名词作同位语
6.名词作定语
3年淮安、江苏真题
Ⅰ.单项选择
1.(2024·淮安中考)Stay away from the river.Look at the sign! It says, “______.”
A.No shouting B.No parking
C.No swimming D.No littering
2.(2023·淮安中考)As a student, you should keep a ______between your schoolwork and your hobbies.
A.diary B.record C.secret D.balance
3.(2024·扬州中考)—Do you know why zebra fish are taken to Shenzhou-18
—They have ______like small size and short development cycle.
A.stages B.advantages
C.messages D.passages
4.(2023·南京中考)Look at the picture. The lady is playing the ______.
A.drum B.violin
C.guitar D.piano
5.(2023·南通中考)—______ are easily made, but not easily kept.
—That’s true. Once you make one, be sure to keep it.
A.Speeches B.Decisions
C.Promises D.Suggestions
6.(2022·宿迁中考) My grandma is good at paper-cutting. She can cut out pictures in the ______cartoon characters.
A.ability B.weight C.shape D.quality
Ⅱ.从方框中选用恰当的单词或短语填空
scientists, success, places of interest,a number of, fireman, tools
1.(2023·淮安中考)Usually, we take some to different places to do some cleaning.
2.(2023·淮安中考)After a while, visitors joined us and helped clean the park.
3.(2022淮安中考)The TV series A Lifelong Journey was a great , which gained a large number of fans.
4.(2024·连云港中考)Yuan Longping, one of the greatest , won respect all over the world.
5.(2024·连云港中考)In the World Park, we can see models of more than a hundred in a day.
6.(2024·淮安中考)The is very brave.He saved an old man from a big fire last week.
Ⅲ.用括号中所给单词的正确形式填空
1.(2023·淮安中考)Jing Haipeng and his team are working in the space station. They’re our (hero).
2.(2022·淮安中考)Sweeping robots from those (factory) can help us clean houses.
3.(2023·南京中考)My teachers provide many (suggestion) for interesting reading materials.
4.(2022·扬州中考)Working as a team means celebrating (victory) and facing losses together.
5.(2022·泰州中考) I spent one (night) time making a video Mei Lanfang and His Hometown to take part in“Tell China’s Stories” competition.
语法专题集训
Ⅰ.单项选择
1.(2024·安徽中考)—Art serves as a ______between different nations.
—Yes. It really helps cross-cultural communication.
A.river B.wall C.palace D.bridge
2.(2024·东营中考)—According to the book The Brain Science of Exam, your brain
is more active when you are hungry.
—Interesting! So in order to remember things better, we can study before ______.
A.meals B.exams C.sleep D.exercise
3.(2024·天津中考) Don’t speak loudly on the bus. You should keep your ______down.
A.body B.voice C.interest D.service
4.(2024·临夏州中考)Of all the ______, I love spring best because it is a symbol of life.
A.seasons B.subjects
C.colors D.hobbies
5.(2024·滨州中考)—On April 25,2024, China’s Shenzhou-18 spacecraft(宇宙飞船) flew to space successfully.
—Wow, China’s space technology has reached a new ______
A.method B.energy C.height D.industry
6.(2024·武汉中考) —Have you set a ______on your new phone
—Certainly. I have to protect my personal information.
A.date B.lock
C.wallpaper D.language
7.(2024·长春中考) My birthday ______is a toy panda. It’s from my grandma.
A.trip B.month C.gift D.color
8.(2023·荆州中考)-What can you learn from Journey to the West
-I learn that we should have enough ______to overcome the difficulties in our life.
A.danger B.success
C.courage D.excitement
9.(2023·江西中考)—Kevin, could you pass me some ______ It ’s so hot today. I’m really thirsty.
—OK. Here you are.
A.rice B.bread C.water D.chicken
10.(2023·孝感中考) —Can you give me some ______on learning English well
—Sure. Watching English programs is a good way.
A.news B.advice
C.decisions D.messages
Ⅱ.用括号中所给单词的正确形式填空
1.(2024·龙东中考)Last winter holiday, we met some (German) in Harbin. They liked Harbin so much.
2.(2024·白银武威) China’s Communist Youth League(中国共产主义青年团)has around 74.17 million ( member).
3.(2024·兰州中考)We had a bad time that day, but the next (day) trip was pretty good.
4.(2023·云南中考)We’re going to make vegetable salad. How many (tomato) do we need
5.(2023·永州中考)Deng Yaping is my hero because she’s one of the best table tennis (player) in the world, and I love playing table tennis.语法专题提分案
专题一 名 词
一、名词的分类
1.专有名词:表示人、地方、事物、机构、组织等专有名称的名词。
2.普通名词:表示某一类人或事物或表示一个抽象概念的名称的名词。
二、名词的数
1.可数名词的数
①定义:能用数目来计算,可以分成个体的人或物。
②特点:有单数和复数两种形式,前面可用基数词、不定冠词(a/an)及many等词修饰。
2.不可数名词的数
①定义:不能用数目来计算,不可以分成个体的概念、状态、品质、感情或表示物质材料的东西。
②特点:一般只有单数形式,没有复数形式,前面可用much,little等词修饰。
★【拓展】
可数名词和不可数名词的常见修饰语如下:
(1)只修饰可数名词:few, a few, several, a couple of, many, a number of, a great/large number of
(2)只修饰不可数名词:little, a little, much, a good/great deal of, a bit of, a large amount of
(3)既可修饰可数名词又可修饰不可数名词:some, lots of, most, all, a lot of, plenty of, the rest of
3.可数名词复数形式的构成
(1)规则变化
构成方法 示 例
一般在词尾加-s girl→girls女孩 desk→desks书桌 mile→miles 英里 bag→bags包
以s、x、sh、ch结尾的加-es brush→brushes 刷子 bus→buses公共汽车 watch→watches 手表 box→boxes箱子
以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词,把y变为i,再加-es city→cities城市
以f或fe结尾的词,一般把f或fe改为v,再加-es wolf→wolves 狼 leaf→leaves叶子 wife→wives 妻子
以o结尾的可数名词 有生命的加-es potato→potatoes 土豆 tomato→tomatoes 西红柿 hero→heroes英雄
无生命的加-s zoo→zoos 动物园 radio→radios 收音机 piano→pianos 钢琴 photo→photos 照片
(2)不规则变化
构成方法 示例
元音字母 发生变化 foot→feet tooth→teeth man→men woman→women mouse→mice(老鼠) (注意:mouse意为“鼠标”时,复数为mice或mouses)
词尾加-ren child→children
单复数 形式相同 people, sheep, deer, fish (表示鱼的种类多时,其复数为fishes)
只用复数形式 clothes, trousers, jeans, scissors, glasses(眼镜)
表示“……国人” 单复数同形 Chinese→Chinese Japanese→Japanese
变man为men Englishman→Englishmen Frenchman→Frenchmen
词尾加-s German→Germans Roman→Romans American→Americans Canadian→Canadians
【巧学妙记】中日不变,英法变,其他-s加后面。
★特别注意:
当名词作定语时,单复数的使用原则如下:
(1)名词作定语,一般用单数形式。如:country music乡村音乐,three boy students三个男学生 some girl friends一些女朋友
(2)个别名词作定语,要用复数形式。如:
a clothes store 一个服装店
two sports meeting 两次运动会
(3)man和woman作定语,和后面名词的单复数保持一致。如:man doctor→men doctors男医生,woman teacher→women teachers女老师
4.不可数名词的量化表达
情况 方法 示例
具体的量 数词+表数量的名词+of/a piece of +不可数名词 a piece of paper一张纸
大概的量 表示数量的限定词(some, much, a little/little, a lot of/lots of/, plenty of等)+不可数名词 a little money 一点钱 some water 一些水
三、名词的所有格
1.’s所有格
构成方法 示例
单数名词加’s today’s newspaper 今天的报纸 boy’s bag 男孩的书包
复数 名词 以s结尾加’ two hours’ rest 两小时的休息
不以s结尾加’s Women’s Day妇女节
表示两个人共同拥有某物,只在后一个名词词尾加’s Tom and Peter’s room 汤姆和彼得(共同)的房间
表示两个人各自拥有某物,在两个名词词尾分别加’s(被修饰名词要用复数形式) Tom’s and Peter’s shoes 汤姆和彼得的鞋子
2.of所有格
of所有格一般用于表示无生命的东西的名词中。如:a map of the world 一张世界地图
3.双重所有格
(1)of+’s所有格。
如:a friend of Henry’s 亨利的一个朋友
(2)of + 名词性物主代词。
如:a good friend of mine我的一个好朋友
四、名词的功能
1.名词用作主语:要求谓语动词必须在人称和数两方面和句子的主语一致。
【提醒】特殊名词,如表示度量、时间、距离、金额等的复数名词作主语时,谓语动词往往用单数。
2.名词作表语 3.名词作宾语
4.名词作宾语补足语 5.名词作同位语
6.名词作定语
3年淮安、江苏真题
Ⅰ.单项选择
1.(2024·淮安中考)Stay away from the river.Look at the sign! It says, “______.”
A.No shouting B.No parking
C.No swimming D.No littering
2.(2023·淮安中考)As a student, you should keep a ______between your schoolwork and your hobbies.
A.diary B.record C.secret D.balance
3.(2024·扬州中考)—Do you know why zebra fish are taken to Shenzhou-18
—They have ______like small size and short development cycle.
A.stages B.advantages
C.messages D.passages
4.(2023·南京中考)Look at the picture. The lady is playing the ______.
A.drum B.violin
C.guitar D.piano
5.(2023·南通中考)—______ are easily made, but not easily kept.
—That’s true. Once you make one, be sure to keep it.
A.Speeches B.Decisions
C.Promises D.Suggestions
6.(2022·宿迁中考) My grandma is good at paper-cutting. She can cut out pictures in the ______cartoon characters.
A.ability B.weight C.shape D.quality
Ⅱ.从方框中选用恰当的单词或短语填空
scientists, success, places of interest,a number of, fireman, tools
1.(2023·淮安中考)Usually, we take some tools to different places to do some cleaning.
2.(2023·淮安中考)After a while, a number of visitors joined us and helped clean the park.
3.(2022淮安中考)The TV series A Lifelong Journey was a great success, which gained a large number of fans.
4.(2024·连云港中考)Yuan Longping, one of the greatest scientists, won respect all over the world.
5.(2024·连云港中考)In the World Park, we can see models of more than a hundred places of interest in a day.
6.(2024·淮安中考)The fireman is very brave.He saved an old man from a big fire last week.
Ⅲ.用括号中所给单词的正确形式填空
1.(2023·淮安中考)Jing Haipeng and his team are working in the space station. They’re our heroes(hero).
2.(2022·淮安中考)Sweeping robots from those factories(factory) can help us clean houses.
3.(2023·南京中考)My teachers provide many suggestions(suggestion) for interesting reading materials.
4.(2022·扬州中考)Working as a team means celebrating victories(victory) and facing losses together.
5.(2022·泰州中考) I spent one night’s(night) time making a video Mei Lanfang and His Hometown to take part in“Tell China’s Stories” competition.
语法专题集训
Ⅰ.单项选择
1.(2024·安徽中考)—Art serves as a ______between different nations.
—Yes. It really helps cross-cultural communication.
A.river B.wall C.palace D.bridge
2.(2024·东营中考)—According to the book The Brain Science of Exam, your brain
is more active when you are hungry.
—Interesting! So in order to remember things better, we can study before ______.
A.meals B.exams C.sleep D.exercise
3.(2024·天津中考) Don’t speak loudly on the bus. You should keep your ______down.
A.body B.voice C.interest D.service
4.(2024·临夏州中考)Of all the ______, I love spring best because it is a symbol of life.
A.seasons B.subjects
C.colors D.hobbies
5.(2024·滨州中考)—On April 25,2024, China’s Shenzhou-18 spacecraft(宇宙飞船) flew to space successfully.
—Wow, China’s space technology has reached a new ______
A.method B.energy C.height D.industry
6.(2024·武汉中考) —Have you set a ______on your new phone
—Certainly. I have to protect my personal information.
A.date B.lock
C.wallpaper D.language
7.(2024·长春中考) My birthday ______is a toy panda. It’s from my grandma.
A.trip B.month C.gift D.color
8.(2023·荆州中考)-What can you learn from Journey to the West
-I learn that we should have enough ______to overcome the difficulties in our life.
A.danger B.success
C.courage D.excitement
9.(2023·江西中考)—Kevin, could you pass me some ______ It ’s so hot today. I’m really thirsty.
—OK. Here you are.
A.rice B.bread C.water D.chicken
10.(2023·孝感中考) —Can you give me some ______on learning English well
—Sure. Watching English programs is a good way.
A.news B.advice
C.decisions D.messages
Ⅱ.用括号中所给单词的正确形式填空
1.(2024·龙东中考)Last winter holiday, we met some Germans(German) in Harbin. They liked Harbin so much.
2.(2024·白银武威) China’s Communist Youth League(中国共产主义青年团)has around 74.17 million members( member).
3.(2024·兰州中考)We had a bad time that day, but the next day’s(day) trip was pretty good.
4.(2023·云南中考)We’re going to make vegetable salad. How many tomatoes (tomato) do we need
5.(2023·永州中考)Deng Yaping is my hero because she’s one of the best table tennis players (player) in the world, and I love playing table tennis.
