专题八 情态动词和系动词
一、情态动词
情态动词是表示语气的词,本身有一定的词义,但是不能独立作谓语,只能和动词原形一起构成谓语。情态动词用在行为动词前,表示说话人对这一动作或状态的看法或主观设想。 情态动词具有助动词的作用,后接动词原形。情态动词主要有以下这些:
原形 (过去式) 用 法 例 句
can(could) can意为“能,会”,表示能力,相当于be able to,但是can只有一般现在时和一般过去时两种时态,而be able to可有各种时态 Tom can swim. =Tom is able to swim. 汤姆会游泳。
can意为“可以”,用于请求许可和表示许可,could表示更委婉、客气的请求,回答用can,不能用could —Can/Could I watch TV 我可以看电视吗 —Yes, you can./No, you can’t. 是的,你可以。/不,你不可以。
can意为“可能”,表推测,多用于疑问句;can’t 意为“不可能”,表示把握性很大的否定推测 The boy can’t be Jim. He’s much taller. 这个男孩不可能是吉姆。他要高很多。
may(might) may意为“可以”,用于请求许可和表示许可,比较正式 May I come in 我可以进来吗
may意为“祝……”,用于表示祝愿 May you be happy!祝你快乐!
may和might都可意为“可能”,表示推测;might比may语气更不确定,表示的可能性更小 Tony may know the way.托尼可能知道路。 He might be alive.他可能还活着。
续表
原形 (过去式) 用 法 例 句
must must意为“必须”,表示说话人的主观意愿;mustn’t意为“禁止,不准,不许”。对must开头的一般疑问句进行回答时,肯定回答用“Yes, ...must.”,否定回答用“No, ...needn’t.”或“No, ...don’t/doesn’t have to.” (have to意为“必须,不得不”,表示客观需要) We must tell the truth to our parents. 我们必须告诉父母真相。 You mustn’t drive after drinking. 你酒后一定不要驾车。 —Must I go home now 我必须现在回家吗 —No, you needn’t/don’t have to.不,你不必。
must意为“一定,肯定”,表示把握性很大的推测 You must be kidding!你一定是在开玩笑!
shall (should) Shall I/we do sth... 意为“我/我们做某事,好吗 ”,表示建议或请求 Shall we ask the teacher for help 我们向老师寻求帮助好吗
should意为“应该”,用于各种人称,强调义务或责任 Students shouldn’t have long hair. 学生不应该留长发。
will(would) will/would意为“愿意”,用于第二人称疑问句中,表示征求意见或提建议 Will/Would you please take out the trash 你可以把垃圾拿出去吗
will意为“愿意”,用于各种人称,表示意愿 Your parents will try their best to help you. 你的父母会尽最大努力帮助你。
need need作情态动词时,意为“需要,有必要”,用于否定句和疑问句中,其否定形式为needn’t,意为“没有必要,不必”。对need开头的一般疑问句进行回答时,肯定回答用“Yes,...must.”, 否定回答用“No,...needn’t.” (注意:need 还可作实义动词,能用于各种句式。need to do sth.意为“需要做某事”) She needn’t go there right now. 她现在没必要去那里。 —Need I come 我需要来吗 —Yes, you must. 是的,你必须来。 I need to learn more. 我需要学习更多。 My hair needs cutting.我的头发该剪了。
二、系动词
系动词也称连系动词,本身有词义,但不能单独作谓语,其后必须跟表语,构成系表结构作谓语,说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。系动词主要有以下分类:
种类 例词 例句
状态系动词 be(是) She is a happy girl. 她是一个快乐的女孩。
表象系动词 seem (似乎), appear (似乎) He seems very sad. 他似乎很伤心。
续表
种类 例词 例句
持续 系动词 remain (保持), keep (保持), stay (保持) He always keeps quiet at meetings. 他开会时总保持安静。
感官 系动词 look (看起来), feel (摸起来), smell (闻起来), sound (听起来), taste (尝起来) This flower smells very good. 这花闻起来很香。
变化 系动词 become (变得), get (变得), grow (渐渐变得), turn (变成) His face turned white when he knew the news. 当他知道这个消息的时候,他的脸色变白了。
3年淮安、江苏真题
单项选择
1.(2023·淮安中考)—Sir, may I take photos here
—Sorry, look at the sign. You ______take photos in the museum.
A.could B.may
C.mustn’t D.needn’t
2.(2022·淮安中考)—Miss Li. I don’t want to say sorry to Daniel.
—I’m afraid you ______. After all, you broke his glasses.
A.may B.have to
C.mustn’t D.needn’t
3.(2024·连云港中考)Modern medicine is developing quickly and now most eye problems ______be cured.
A.can B.must
C.should D.need
4.(2024·常州中考)When you make a fresh salad, you ______add your favorite fruit if you would like to.
A.may B.should
C.must D.have to
5.(2024·无锡中考) Shh...! This is a library. You ______keep your voice down.
A.can B.can’t
C.should D.shouldn’t
6.(2023·南京中考)It’s so noisy that I ______hear a word of what you are saying.
A.can’t B.shouldn’t
C.mustn’t D.needn’t
7.(2023·连云港) Earthquakes can be very dangerous. We ______learn to protect ourselves.
A.might B.should C.could D.would
8.(2023·常州中考)When you have fixed this type of lock, you ______take a key with you. You can open the door with your fingerprint.
A.shouldn’t B.needn’t
C.mustn’t D.can’t
9.(2023·南通中考) If a football team wants to enter the World Cup, it ______become a member of FIFA first.
A.may B.must C.can D.might
10.(2023·无锡中考) Oh, come on! ______you doubt everything I say I’m not a three-year-old!
A.Can’t B.Can
C.Mustn’t D.Must
11.(2022·镇江中考) —I don’t care what Kate thinks.
—Well, you ______. Her suggestions are of some value.
A.would B.should
C.might D.could
12.(2022·徐州中考)—Can we play games here
—Better not. If you ______,please go to the open space there.
A.must B.can C.may D.will
13.(2022·常州中考)To achieve our dream, we ______rest on what we have done.
A.may not B.should not
C.need not D.could not
14.(2022·无锡中考) We should learn some basic life skills since we ______depend on ourselves some day.
A.can B.can’t
C.must D.mustn’t
15.(2022·无锡中考)—Dad, what’s for dinner It ______nice!
—I’m cooking chicken soup.
A.tastes B.smells C.looks D.feels
16.(2022·连云港中考) The pubic sign in the library means people ______smoke there.
A.could B.must
C.couldn’t D.mustn’t
17.(2022·扬州中考) Protect your hearing. Don’t wait until you ______hear a thing.
A.needn’t B.mustn’t
C.shouldn’t D.can’t
语法专题集训
单项选择
1.(2024·泸州中考)—Rebecca, have you decided what to do this Saturday
—Not yet. I ______volunteer at the old people’s home.
A.may B.must
C.should D.would
2.(2024·雅安中考)—Is that your friend Laura over there
—No, it ______be Laura. She has gone to Shenzhen.
A.must B.mustn’t C.can D.can’t
3.(2024·白银、武威中考) —You ______be very tired after finishing all of those hard jobs.
—Yes, I’ ll take a deep rest and make myself comfortable.
A.may B.may not
C.must D.can’t
4.(2024·广西中考)—What do you think of the chicken soup, Helen
—It ______really good. I’d like to drink more.
A.tastes B.feels
C.sounds D.looks
5.(2024·凉山州中考)—Ruby, when did your father go out
—I’m not sure, but he ______go too far. His tea is still hot.
A.can’t B.must C.might D.may
6.(2024·龙东中考) —Must I answer this question in English
—No, you______.
A.mustn’t B.needn’t
C.can’t D.shouldn’t
7.(2024·乐山中考)—People ______wear helmets (头盔) when they ride e-bikes according to the traffic rules.
—Yes. Or they will be punished.
A.must B.can C.may D.need
8.(2024·天津中考) It ______be the only way to solve the problem. There are other choices.
A.may not B.mustn’t
C.need D.should
9.(2023·锦州中考)—When Monday I’m afraid Monday ______be a problem for me.
—But why I know you are free on Monday.
A.need B.needn’t
C.might not D.might
10.(2023·黔东南、黔南、黔西南三州中考) The soup would ______better with more salt.
A.eat B.sound C.taste D.feel
11.(2023·河北中考)If we ______find a better way, we’ll finish the job faster.
A.can B.can’t
C.must D.mustn’t
12.(2023·北京中考)— Must I stay here and wait for you
— No, you ______. You can go home now.
A.needn’t B.can’t
C.mustn’t D.shouldn’t
13.(2023·鄂州中考) —______ I take photos here
—Sorry, you can’t. It’s not allowed in the museum.
A.Must B.Need C.Can D.Will
14.(2023·岳阳中考) —May I use your computer
—______, but first you have to fold the clothes.
A.Sure, I’d love to B.Yes, you can
C.No, you can’t D.Yes, you must
15.(2023·抚顺中考)The lovely boy ______ride the bike at the age of six.
A.must B.could C.need D.should
16.(2023·广西中考)—Can you speak English, Lingling
— Yes. I ______.
A.must B.can C.should D.could
17.(2023·怀化中考)—______ I join the volunteer program on weekends
— Of course you can.
A.Can B.Must C.Should D.Need
18.(2023·滨州中考)—The paper cutting is pretty lively. Who made it
—It ______be Mary. None of us except her is able to do it.
A.can B.must C.need D.might
19.(2023·福建中考)—It’s such a long way!
—Don’t worry. You ______share a ride with me.
A.must B.can C.should D.could
20.(2023·恩施中考)The scarf ______soft. I like it very much.
A.tastes B.feels
C.sounds D.smells
21.(2023·武威中考) —I ______find my keys.
—Have you checked in your jacket pockets
A.mustn’t B.shouldn’t
C.can’t D.wouldn’t
22.(2023·牡丹江中考) —Your skirt ______so special.
—Oh yes, it’s very popular these days. It’s a horse-face skirt.
A.looks B.smells
C.tastes D.sounds
23.(2023·天津中考)—Would you like to visit Tianjin University tomorrow
—Sorry, I’m afraid I ______. I’ll work as a volunteer in my community.
A.can B.can’t
C.must D.mustn’t
24.(2023·丹东中考)—Dad, what are you cooking It ______so good.
—The main dish for our dinner. You will like it.
A.gets B.smells
C.sounds D.tastes
25.(2023·孝感中考) —Daniel, try this strawberry cake.
—It ______delicious. I’d like to have some more.
A.smells B.feels C.tastes D.looks专题八 情态动词和系动词
一、情态动词
情态动词是表示语气的词,本身有一定的词义,但是不能独立作谓语,只能和动词原形一起构成谓语。情态动词用在行为动词前,表示说话人对这一动作或状态的看法或主观设想。 情态动词具有助动词的作用,后接动词原形。情态动词主要有以下这些:
原形 (过去式) 用 法 例 句
can(could) can意为“能,会”,表示能力,相当于be able to,但是can只有一般现在时和一般过去时两种时态,而be able to可有各种时态 Tom swim. =Tom swim. 汤姆会游泳。
can意为“可以”,用于请求许可和表示许可,could表示更委婉、客气的请求,回答用can,不能用could — I watch TV 我可以看电视吗 —Yes, you ./No, you . 是的,你可以。/不,你不可以。
can意为“可能”,表推测,多用于疑问句;can’t 意为“不可能”,表示把握性很大的否定推测 The boy be Jim. He’s much taller. 这个男孩不可能是吉姆。他要高很多。
may(might) may意为“可以”,用于请求许可和表示许可,比较正式 I come in 我可以进来吗
may意为“祝……”,用于表示祝愿 you be happy!祝你快乐!
may和might都可意为“可能”,表示推测;might比may语气更不确定,表示的可能性更小 Tony know the way.托尼可能知道路。 He be alive.他可能还活着。
续表
原形 (过去式) 用 法 例 句
must must意为“必须”,表示说话人的主观意愿;mustn’t意为“禁止,不准,不许”。对must开头的一般疑问句进行回答时,肯定回答用“Yes, ...must.”,否定回答用“No, ...needn’t.”或“No, ...don’t/doesn’t have to.” (have to意为“必须,不得不”,表示客观需要) We tell the truth to our parents. 我们必须告诉父母真相。 You drive after drinking. 你酒后一定不要驾车。 — I go home now 我必须现在回家吗 —No, you needn’t/don’t have to.不,你不必。
must意为“一定,肯定”,表示把握性很大的推测 You be kidding!你一定是在开玩笑!
shall (should) Shall I/we do sth... 意为“我/我们做某事,好吗 ”,表示建议或请求 we ask the teacher for help 我们向老师寻求帮助好吗
should意为“应该”,用于各种人称,强调义务或责任 Students have long hair. 学生不应该留长发。
will(would) will/would意为“愿意”,用于第二人称疑问句中,表示征求意见或提建议 you please take out the trash 你可以把垃圾拿出去吗
will意为“愿意”,用于各种人称,表示意愿 Your parents try their best to help you. 你的父母会尽最大努力帮助你。
need need作情态动词时,意为“需要,有必要”,用于否定句和疑问句中,其否定形式为needn’t,意为“没有必要,不必”。对need开头的一般疑问句进行回答时,肯定回答用“Yes,...must.”, 否定回答用“No,...needn’t.” (注意:need 还可作实义动词,能用于各种句式。need to do sth.意为“需要做某事”) She go there right now. 她现在没必要去那里。 — I come 我需要来吗 —Yes, you . 是的,你必须来。 I to learn more. 我需要学习更多。 My hair cutting.我的头发该剪了。
二、系动词
系动词也称连系动词,本身有词义,但不能单独作谓语,其后必须跟表语,构成系表结构作谓语,说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。系动词主要有以下分类:
种类 例词 例句
状态系动词 be(是) She is a happy girl. 她是一个快乐的女孩。
表象系动词 seem (似乎), appear (似乎) He seems very sad. 他似乎很伤心。
续表
种类 例词 例句
持续 系动词 remain (保持), keep (保持), stay (保持) He always keeps quiet at meetings. 他开会时总保持安静。
感官 系动词 look (看起来), feel (摸起来), smell (闻起来), sound (听起来), taste (尝起来) This flower smells very good. 这花闻起来很香。
变化 系动词 become (变得), get (变得), grow (渐渐变得), turn (变成) His face turned white when he knew the news. 当他知道这个消息的时候,他的脸色变白了。
3年淮安、江苏真题
单项选择
1.(2023·淮安中考)—Sir, may I take photos here
—Sorry, look at the sign. You ______take photos in the museum.
A.could B.may
C.mustn’t D.needn’t
2.(2022·淮安中考)—Miss Li. I don’t want to say sorry to Daniel.
—I’m afraid you ______. After all, you broke his glasses.
A.may B.have to
C.mustn’t D.needn’t
3.(2024·连云港中考)Modern medicine is developing quickly and now most eye problems ______be cured.
A.can B.must
C.should D.need
4.(2024·常州中考)When you make a fresh salad, you ______add your favorite fruit if you would like to.
A.may B.should
C.must D.have to
5.(2024·无锡中考) Shh...! This is a library. You ______keep your voice down.
A.can B.can’t
C.should D.shouldn’t
6.(2023·南京中考)It’s so noisy that I ______hear a word of what you are saying.
A.can’t B.shouldn’t
C.mustn’t D.needn’t
7.(2023·连云港) Earthquakes can be very dangerous. We ______learn to protect ourselves.
A.might B.should C.could D.would
8.(2023·常州中考)When you have fixed this type of lock, you ______take a key with you. You can open the door with your fingerprint.
A.shouldn’t B.needn’t
C.mustn’t D.can’t
9.(2023·南通中考) If a football team wants to enter the World Cup, it ______become a member of FIFA first.
A.may B.must C.can D.might
10.(2023·无锡中考) Oh, come on! ______you doubt everything I say I’m not a three-year-old!
A.Can’t B.Can
C.Mustn’t D.Must
11.(2022·镇江中考) —I don’t care what Kate thinks.
—Well, you ______. Her suggestions are of some value.
A.would B.should
C.might D.could
12.(2022·徐州中考)—Can we play games here
—Better not. If you ______,please go to the open space there.
A.must B.can C.may D.will
13.(2022·常州中考)To achieve our dream, we ______rest on what we have done.
A.may not B.should not
C.need not D.could not
14.(2022·无锡中考) We should learn some basic life skills since we ______depend on ourselves some day.
A.can B.can’t
C.must D.mustn’t
15.(2022·无锡中考)—Dad, what’s for dinner It ______nice!
—I’m cooking chicken soup.
A.tastes B.smells C.looks D.feels
16.(2022·连云港中考) The pubic sign in the library means people ______smoke there.
A.could B.must
C.couldn’t D.mustn’t
17.(2022·扬州中考) Protect your hearing. Don’t wait until you ______hear a thing.
A.needn’t B.mustn’t
C.shouldn’t D.can’t
语法专题集训
单项选择
1.(2024·泸州中考)—Rebecca, have you decided what to do this Saturday
—Not yet. I ______volunteer at the old people’s home.
A.may B.must
C.should D.would
2.(2024·雅安中考)—Is that your friend Laura over there
—No, it ______be Laura. She has gone to Shenzhen.
A.must B.mustn’t C.can D.can’t
3.(2024·白银、武威中考) —You ______be very tired after finishing all of those hard jobs.
—Yes, I’ ll take a deep rest and make myself comfortable.
A.may B.may not
C.must D.can’t
4.(2024·广西中考)—What do you think of the chicken soup, Helen
—It ______really good. I’d like to drink more.
A.tastes B.feels
C.sounds D.looks
5.(2024·凉山州中考)—Ruby, when did your father go out
—I’m not sure, but he ______go too far. His tea is still hot.
A.can’t B.must C.might D.may
6.(2024·龙东中考) —Must I answer this question in English
—No, you______.
A.mustn’t B.needn’t
C.can’t D.shouldn’t
7.(2024·乐山中考)—People ______wear helmets (头盔) when they ride e-bikes according to the traffic rules.
—Yes. Or they will be punished.
A.must B.can C.may D.need
8.(2024·天津中考) It ______be the only way to solve the problem. There are other choices.
A.may not B.mustn’t
C.need D.should
9.(2023·锦州中考)—When Monday I’m afraid Monday ______be a problem for me.
—But why I know you are free on Monday.
A.need B.needn’t
C.might not D.might
10.(2023·黔东南、黔南、黔西南三州中考) The soup would ______better with more salt.
A.eat B.sound C.taste D.feel
11.(2023·河北中考)If we ______find a better way, we’ll finish the job faster.
A.can B.can’t
C.must D.mustn’t
12.(2023·北京中考)— Must I stay here and wait for you
— No, you ______. You can go home now.
A.needn’t B.can’t
C.mustn’t D.shouldn’t
13.(2023·鄂州中考) —______ I take photos here
—Sorry, you can’t. It’s not allowed in the museum.
A.Must B.Need C.Can D.Will
14.(2023·岳阳中考) —May I use your computer
—______, but first you have to fold the clothes.
A.Sure, I’d love to B.Yes, you can
C.No, you can’t D.Yes, you must
15.(2023·抚顺中考)The lovely boy ______ride the bike at the age of six.
A.must B.could C.need D.should
16.(2023·广西中考)—Can you speak English, Lingling
— Yes. I ______.
A.must B.can C.should D.could
17.(2023·怀化中考)—______ I join the volunteer program on weekends
— Of course you can.
A.Can B.Must C.Should D.Need
18.(2023·滨州中考)—The paper cutting is pretty lively. Who made it
—It ______be Mary. None of us except her is able to do it.
A.can B.must C.need D.might
19.(2023·福建中考)—It’s such a long way!
—Don’t worry. You ______share a ride with me.
A.must B.can C.should D.could
20.(2023·恩施中考)The scarf ______soft. I like it very much.
A.tastes B.feels
C.sounds D.smells
21.(2023·武威中考) —I ______find my keys.
—Have you checked in your jacket pockets
A.mustn’t B.shouldn’t
C.can’t D.wouldn’t
22.(2023·牡丹江中考) —Your skirt ______so special.
—Oh yes, it’s very popular these days. It’s a horse-face skirt.
A.looks B.smells
C.tastes D.sounds
23.(2023·天津中考)—Would you like to visit Tianjin University tomorrow
—Sorry, I’m afraid I ______. I’ll work as a volunteer in my community.
A.can B.can’t
C.must D.mustn’t
24.(2023·丹东中考)—Dad, what are you cooking It ______so good.
—The main dish for our dinner. You will like it.
A.gets B.smells
C.sounds D.tastes
25.(2023·孝感中考) —Daniel, try this strawberry cake.
—It ______delicious. I’d like to have some more.
A.smells B.feels C.tastes D.looks
