专题九 时 态
作谓语的动词,用来表示动作发生或状态存在时间的各种形式称为时态。初中阶段共学过8种时态,其构成和用法如下:
时态 用法 构成及时间标志词 例句
一般现在时 1.表示经常性、习惯性的动作或状态 2.表示客观事实、普遍真理或格言、谚语等 3.在时间、条件或让步状语从句中,表示将要发生的动作 4.go、come、leave、arrive等动词常用一般现在时表示计划、安排好的将要发生的动作,主语多为物 构成: 1.主语(第一、二人称和复数名词)+动词原形 2.主语(第三人称单数)+动词第三人称单数形式 3.主语+am/is/are+其他 标志词: often、usually、sometimes、every day、once a week/month/year...等 ①I often go to school at seven. 我经常七点去上学。 ②The earth moves around the sun. 地球绕着太阳转。 ③If she is free, she will come to see me tomorrow. 如果她明天有空就会来看我。 ④The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火车明天早上六点出发。
一般过去时 1.表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态 2.表示过去常常或反复发生的动作,常与频度副词连用 构成: 1.主语+动词过去式 2.主语+was/were+其他 标志词: yesterday、three years ago、last year/week/night/month、just now、in the past、 the other day、in 2015等 ①He worked in a factory in 2015. 他2015年在一家工厂工作。 ②When I was young, I often played basketball with my classmates. 小时候,我经常和同学打篮球。
一般将来时 1.表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态 2.“be going to+动词原形”用于表示主观上安排、打算将要做的事,或表示根据某种迹象判断很可能将发生的事 构成: 1.主语+will/shall+动词原形 2.主语+am/is/are going to+动词原形 标志词: tomorrow、soon、next week、in+时间段, in 2030、in the future等 ① I will start tomorrow. 我明天动身。 ② Look at the dark clouds. It is going to rain. 看乌云,将要下雨了。
现在进行时 1.表示说话时正在进行的动作 2.表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段一直在进行的动作。 3.表示位置移动的动词,如 go、come、leave、arrive等常用现在进行时表示最近即将发生的动作,主语多为人 构成: 主语+am/is/are+现在分词 标志词: now、look、listen、these days、at the moment等 ①They are watching TV now.他们现在正在看电视。 ②Tom is looking after his mother these days. 这些天,汤姆在照顾他的妈妈。 ③I’m leaving for Beijing tomorrow. 明天我将要动身去北京。
续表
时态 用法 构成及时间标志词 例句
过去进行时 表示过去某一时刻或某一阶段正在进行的动作(动作发生的特定时间常用一个短语或时间状语从句来表明) 构成: 主语+was/were+现在分词 标志词: at that moment、at this/that time yesterday、at 8 o’clock yesterday morning、from 9:30 to 11:30 last night等 ①I was watching TV at 8:00 yesterday evening.昨天晚上八点我正在看电视。 ②He was reading a novel when I came in. 当我进来的时候,他正在看小说。
现在完成时 1.表示过去发生的动作或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果 2.表示从过去开始持续到现在的动作或状态,也许还要持续下去,常和for、since连用,表示持续的动作或状态多用延续性动词 构成: 主语+have/has+过去分词 标志词: just、ever、already、yet、recently、so far、in/during/over the past/last 5 years, for和since引导的时间状语 ①I have already finished my homework. 我已经完成了我的作业。 ②They have been married for 30 years. 他们已经结婚三十年了。
过去完成时 表示过去的某一时刻以前已经发生的动作或存在的状态,也就是“过去的过去”。使用过去完成时必须以过去某一时间作为前提 构成: 主语+had+过去分词 标志词: by+过去时间或when、 before、 after、until等引导的一般过去时的从句 ①By the end of last term, he had learned about 2,000 English words. 到上学期末为止,他已经学了大约2 000个英语单词。 ②When I got to the cinema, the movie had begun.当我到达电影院的时候,电影已经开始了。
过去将来时 表示从过去的某一时刻来看将要发生的动作。常用于主句是一般过去时的宾语从句中 构成: 1.主语+would+动词原形 2.主语+was/were+going to+动词原形+其他 标志词: two days later、 the next day/week、 the following day等 ①Tom said he would come two days later. 汤姆说他两天后来。 ②Linda said she was going to see her aunt the next day. 琳达说她打算第二天去看她的姑妈。
【温馨提示】
1.一般过去时与现在完成时的区别
区 别 例 句
一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或存在的状态,只强调过去,和现在无关,常与具体的表示过去的时间连用 Tom lived in Beijing two years ago. 两年前汤姆住在北京。(不知道现在是否还住在北京)
现在完成时的动作虽然是发生在过去,但是对现在有影响或动作持续到现在 Tom has lived in Beijing for two years.汤姆住在北京两年了。(现在汤姆还住在北京)
2.短暂性动词和延续性动词的转换
短暂性动词可以用于完成时, 但不能与延续性的时间状语for..., since...连用,也不能用于how long提问的疑问句中。如果要用,需要进行转换。常见的短暂性动词和延续性动词的转换形式如下:
短暂性动词 延续性动词
buy have
borrow keep
put on wear
catch a cold have a cold
become be
leave be away from
die be dead
go out be out
marry be married
join be in/a member of
fall asleep/ill be asleep/ill
begin/start be on
end/finish be over
open be open
close be closed
turn on be on
turn off be off
come to/go to/get to/ reach/arrive at/arrive in be at/in
3年淮安、江苏真题
Ⅰ.单项选择
1.(2024·淮安中考)—Mum, I ______the living room already.
—Good job! It is so tidy now.
A.have cleaned B.will clean
C.am cleaning D.clean
2.(2023·淮安中考)—Su Hai, what will you do for the coming Father’s Day
—I ______a beautiful card for my father.
A.design B.designed
C.will design D.was designing
3.(2022·淮安中考)—I called you at 3 p.m. yesterday, but you didn’t answer.
—I ______an experiment on Chemistry in the school lab.
A.was doing B.am doing
C.did D.do
4.(2024·扬州中考)Look! My sister ______the table. Let’s give her a hand.
A.set B.sets
C.is setting D.was setting
5.(2023·徐州中考)I saw Harry in February and I ______him since then.
A.didn’t see B.won’t see
C.haven’t seen D.don’t see
6.(2023·扬州中考)I ______China for three months and this is the first time I’ve tried on hanfu.
A.have gone to B.have been to
C.have arrived in D.have been in
7.(2023·无锡中考)Hey, Aunt Jenny! It’s you! I didn’t expect you ______over. What a nice surprise!
A.had come B.have come
C.would come D.will come
8.(2022·徐州中考)—Daniel has gone to Beijing on business.
—Oh, I didn’t know. When ______
A.has he left B.was he leaving
C.did he leave D.will he leave
9.(2022·扬州中考)Xia Sen ______a simple life and saves her money for donations.
A.lives B.lived
C.was living D.will live
10.(2022·扬州中考)—May I speak to Wang Li
—Sorry, she is not at home. She ______since last month.
A.left B.has left
C.has been away D.went away
Ⅱ.用括号中所给单词的正确形式填空
1.(2024·扬州中考)Elena dropped(drop) the novel she was reading on the desk and looked out of the window.
2.(2024·无锡中考) Some people believe robots will take(take) most jobs away from humans in the future.
3.(2024·无锡中考)Do you mind turning down the music I am attending(attend) an online meeting now.
4.(2024·无锡中考)The Shenzhou-18 astronauts have worked(work) in Tiangong space station since late April.
5.(2023·扬州中考)Chinese Language Day falls(fall) on April 20th of every year,the same day with Guyu.
6.(2022·无锡中考)—Why didn’t you reply to my WeChat
—Sorry. I was helping(help) my neighbour look after her baby.
语法专题集训
Ⅰ.单项选择
1.(2024·长春中考) Look! The students ______an art class in the park.
A.have B.were having
C.had D.are having
2.(2024·河北中考)Jenny is an early bird. She ______at 6:00 in the morning.
A.gets up B.got up
C.will get up D.has got up
3.(2024·临夏州中考)Mr Green ______China for five years.
A.has been to B.has gone to
C.has been in D.has come to
4.(2024·天津中考) —Jane and I ______a picnic this Sunday. Would you like to come with us
—Sure. See you then.
A.had B.have had
C.were having D.are going to have
5.(2024·云南中考)—Helen, I didn’t see you in the classroom at five yesterday afternoon.
—Oh, I ______singing for the graduation ceremony at that time.
A.will practice B.have practiced
C.am practicing D.was practicing
Ⅱ.用括号中所给单词的正确形式填空
1.(2024·兰州中考)I don’t have a volleyball, but my brother Jim does(do).
2.(2024·达州中考)He preferred(prefer) country music to pop music when he was young.
3.(2024·临夏州中考)Peter was having(have) supper with his parents yesterday when the phone rang.
4.(2023·常德中考)—Look! What are the boys doing
—They are playing(play) basketball.
5.(2023·常德中考)—What’s your prediction about the future
—I think there will be(be) less pollution.
6.(2023·武威中考) I have learned(learn) English ever since I was in Grade 3. 专题九 时 态
作谓语的动词,用来表示动作发生或状态存在时间的各种形式称为时态。初中阶段共学过8种时态,其构成和用法如下:
时态 用法 构成及时间标志词 例句
一般现在时 1.表示经常性、习惯性的动作或状态 2.表示客观事实、普遍真理或格言、谚语等 3.在时间、条件或让步状语从句中,表示将要发生的动作 4.go、come、leave、arrive等动词常用一般现在时表示计划、安排好的将要发生的动作,主语多为物 构成: 1.主语(第一、二人称和复数名词)+动词原形 2.主语(第三人称单数)+动词第三人称单数形式 3.主语+am/is/are+其他 标志词: often、usually、sometimes、every day、once a week/month/year...等 ①I often to school at seven. 我经常七点去上学。 ②The earth around the sun. 地球绕着太阳转。 ③If she free, she will come to see me tomorrow. 如果她明天有空就会来看我。 ④The train at six tomorrow morning. 火车明天早上六点出发。
一般过去时 1.表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态 2.表示过去常常或反复发生的动作,常与频度副词连用 构成: 1.主语+动词过去式 2.主语+was/were+其他 标志词: yesterday、three years ago、last year/week/night/month、just now、in the past、 the other day、in 2015等 ①He in a factory in 2015. 他2015年在一家工厂工作。 ②When I young, I often played basketball with my classmates. 小时候,我经常和同学打篮球。
一般将来时 1.表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态 2.“be going to+动词原形”用于表示主观上安排、打算将要做的事,或表示根据某种迹象判断很可能将发生的事 构成: 1.主语+will/shall+动词原形 2.主语+am/is/are going to+动词原形 标志词: tomorrow、soon、next week、in+时间段, in 2030、in the future等 ① I tomorrow. 我明天动身。 ② Look at the dark clouds. It . 看乌云,将要下雨了。
现在进行时 1.表示说话时正在进行的动作 2.表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段一直在进行的动作。 3.表示位置移动的动词,如 go、come、leave、arrive等常用现在进行时表示最近即将发生的动作,主语多为人 构成: 主语+am/is/are+现在分词 标志词: now、look、listen、these days、at the moment等 ①They TV now.他们现在正在看电视。 ②Tom after his mother these days. 这些天,汤姆在照顾他的妈妈。 ③I for Beijing tomorrow. 明天我将要动身去北京。
续表
时态 用法 构成及时间标志词 例句
过去进行时 表示过去某一时刻或某一阶段正在进行的动作(动作发生的特定时间常用一个短语或时间状语从句来表明) 构成: 主语+was/were+现在分词 标志词: at that moment、at this/that time yesterday、at 8 o’clock yesterday morning、from 9:30 to 11:30 last night等 ①I TV at 8:00 yesterday evening.昨天晚上八点我正在看电视。 ②He a novel when I came in. 当我进来的时候,他正在看小说。
现在完成时 1.表示过去发生的动作或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果 2.表示从过去开始持续到现在的动作或状态,也许还要持续下去,常和for、since连用,表示持续的动作或状态多用延续性动词 构成: 主语+have/has+过去分词 标志词: just、ever、already、yet、recently、so far、in/during/over the past/last 5 years, for和since引导的时间状语 ①I already my homework. 我已经完成了我的作业。 ②They married for 30 years. 他们已经结婚三十年了。
过去完成时 表示过去的某一时刻以前已经发生的动作或存在的状态,也就是“过去的过去”。使用过去完成时必须以过去某一时间作为前提 构成: 主语+had+过去分词 标志词: by+过去时间或when、 before、 after、until等引导的一般过去时的从句 ①By the end of last term, he had learned about 2,000 English words. 到上学期末为止,他已经学了大约2 000个英语单词。 ②When I got to the cinema, the movie .当我到达电影院的时候,电影已经开始了。
过去将来时 表示从过去的某一时刻来看将要发生的动作。常用于主句是一般过去时的宾语从句中 构成: 1.主语+would+动词原形 2.主语+was/were+going to+动词原形+其他 标志词: two days later、 the next day/week、 the following day等 ①Tom said he two days later. 汤姆说他两天后来。 ②Linda said she her aunt the next day. 琳达说她打算第二天去看她的姑妈。
【温馨提示】
1.一般过去时与现在完成时的区别
区 别 例 句
一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或存在的状态,只强调过去,和现在无关,常与具体的表示过去的时间连用 Tom lived in Beijing two years ago. 两年前汤姆住在北京。(不知道现在是否还住在北京)
现在完成时的动作虽然是发生在过去,但是对现在有影响或动作持续到现在 Tom has lived in Beijing for two years.汤姆住在北京两年了。(现在汤姆还住在北京)
2.短暂性动词和延续性动词的转换
短暂性动词可以用于完成时, 但不能与延续性的时间状语for..., since...连用,也不能用于how long提问的疑问句中。如果要用,需要进行转换。常见的短暂性动词和延续性动词的转换形式如下:
短暂性动词 延续性动词
buy have
borrow keep
put on wear
catch a cold have a cold
become be
leave be away from
die be dead
go out be out
marry be married
join be in/a member of
fall asleep/ill be asleep/ill
begin/start be on
end/finish be over
open be open
close be closed
turn on be on
turn off be off
come to/go to/get to/ reach/arrive at/arrive in be at/in
3年淮安、江苏真题
Ⅰ.单项选择
1.(2024·淮安中考)—Mum, I ______the living room already.
—Good job! It is so tidy now.
A.have cleaned B.will clean
C.am cleaning D.clean
2.(2023·淮安中考)—Su Hai, what will you do for the coming Father’s Day
—I ______a beautiful card for my father.
A.design B.designed
C.will design D.was designing
3.(2022·淮安中考)—I called you at 3 p.m. yesterday, but you didn’t answer.
—I ______an experiment on Chemistry in the school lab.
A.was doing B.am doing
C.did D.do
4.(2024·扬州中考)Look! My sister ______the table. Let’s give her a hand.
A.set B.sets
C.is setting D.was setting
5.(2023·徐州中考)I saw Harry in February and I ______him since then.
A.didn’t see B.won’t see
C.haven’t seen D.don’t see
6.(2023·扬州中考)I ______China for three months and this is the first time I’ve tried on hanfu.
A.have gone to B.have been to
C.have arrived in D.have been in
7.(2023·无锡中考)Hey, Aunt Jenny! It’s you! I didn’t expect you ______over. What a nice surprise!
A.had come B.have come
C.would come D.will come
8.(2022·徐州中考)—Daniel has gone to Beijing on business.
—Oh, I didn’t know. When ______
A.has he left B.was he leaving
C.did he leave D.will he leave
9.(2022·扬州中考)Xia Sen ______a simple life and saves her money for donations.
A.lives B.lived
C.was living D.will live
10.(2022·扬州中考)—May I speak to Wang Li
—Sorry, she is not at home. She ______since last month.
A.left B.has left
C.has been away D.went away
Ⅱ.用括号中所给单词的正确形式填空
1.(2024·扬州中考)Elena (drop) the novel she was reading on the desk and looked out of the window.
2.(2024·无锡中考) Some people believe robots (take) most jobs away from humans in the future.
3.(2024·无锡中考)Do you mind turning down the music I (attend) an online meeting now.
4.(2024·无锡中考)The Shenzhou-18 astronauts (work) in Tiangong space station since late April.
5.(2023·扬州中考)Chinese Language Day (fall) on April 20th of every year,the same day with Guyu.
6.(2022·无锡中考)—Why didn’t you reply to my WeChat
—Sorry. I (help) my neighbour look after her baby.
语法专题集训
Ⅰ.单项选择
1.(2024·长春中考) Look! The students ______an art class in the park.
A.have B.were having
C.had D.are having
2.(2024·河北中考)Jenny is an early bird. She ______at 6:00 in the morning.
A.gets up B.got up
C.will get up D.has got up
3.(2024·临夏州中考)Mr Green ______China for five years.
A.has been to B.has gone to
C.has been in D.has come to
4.(2024·天津中考) —Jane and I ______a picnic this Sunday. Would you like to come with us
—Sure. See you then.
A.had B.have had
C.were having D.are going to have
5.(2024·云南中考)—Helen, I didn’t see you in the classroom at five yesterday afternoon.
—Oh, I ______singing for the graduation ceremony at that time.
A.will practice B.have practiced
C.am practicing D.was practicing
Ⅱ.用括号中所给单词的正确形式填空
1.(2024·兰州中考)I don’t have a volleyball, but my brother Jim (do).
2.(2024·达州中考)He (prefer) country music to pop music when he was young.
3.(2024·临夏州中考)Peter (have) supper with his parents yesterday when the phone rang.
4.(2023·常德中考)—Look! What are the boys doing
—They (play) basketball.
5.(2023·常德中考)—What’s your prediction about the future
—I think there (be) less pollution.
6.(2023·武威中考) I (learn) English ever since I was in Grade 3.
