专题六 形容词与副词
一、形容词
形容词用于修饰名词和代词,表示人或事物的性质和特征。形容词的基本用法如下:
功能 位置 示例
定语 前置定语:位于名词前 an 一本有趣的书
后置定语:位于复合不定代词之后 重要的事情
表语 位于be、feel、sound、look、smell、taste、seem、get、become等连系动词之后 It today. 今天阳光灿烂。 You today. 你今天看起来很漂亮。
宾语补 足语 位于keep, make, leave, find, feel等动词的宾语之后,说明宾语的性质、状态和特征 Don’t the window .别让窗户开着。 Alice often us . 爱丽丝经常使我们开心。
【温馨提示】
1.“the+形容词”表示一类人或物,作主语时,谓语动词用复数。如:
The old are easier to catch a cold than the young.老人比年轻人更容易感冒。
2.数词+表示长、宽、高、深以及年龄的名词+形容词。如:
The Changjiang River is about 6,300 kilometres long.
长江约6 300千米长。
3.下列形容词通常只用作表语不作定语:afraid、asleep、awake、alone、well(健康的)、ill、ready、sure、glad、sorry、able、unable等。如:
I was awake last night and I’m sleepy now.
我昨晚失眠了,现在我很困。
4.多个形容词修饰同一个名词时,其排列顺序的记忆口诀:县官行令宴国才。
县(限):限定词,包括冠词、形容词性物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格、数词等。
官(观):表示观点的描绘性形容词。
行(形):表示高矮、大小等形状的形容词。
令(龄):表示年龄、新旧等的形容词。
宴(颜):表示颜色的形容词。
国:表示国籍、地区、出处的形容词。
才(材):表示材料的形容词。
如:five strong red plastic bags 五个结实的红色塑料袋;
the pretty little oldest Chinese wooden bridge中国最古老的漂亮的小木桥
二、副词
副词修饰行为动词,也可修饰形容词和其他副词,甚至整个句子。副词的常见用法如下:
功能 位置 例句
状语 多位于被修饰的行为动词之后 He jumps . 他跳得高。
程度副词通常放在被修饰的形容词或副词之前 Bill is tall. 比尔非常高。
频度副词通常放在行为动词之前,情态动词、助动词和be动词之后 I get up early. 我通常起床很早。
放在句首,修饰整个句子 , he won the game.幸运的是,他赢得了比赛。
表语 位于连系动词之后。作表语的副词多表示位置,如:in、on、out、back、up、down、off、away等 When will you be 你什么时候回来 I must be now. 现在我必须离开了。
定语 少数地点副词和时间副词可作定语,一般放在被修饰的名词或代词之后 Life is full of joy.这里的生活充满了欢乐。
【温馨提示】
1.以“-ly”结尾的形容词:friendly、lovely、lively等。
2.既可以作形容词又可以作副词的兼类词:fast、high、hard等。
三、形容词和副词的级
1.原级句型
用 法 例 句
“as+形容词原级+as”,在否定句中用“not so/as...as”结构 Tony is Daming. 托尼和大明一样大。 Lucy is Lily. 露西不如莉莉高。
倍数+as+形容词原级+as Our school is theirs. 我们的学校是他们的三倍大。
2.比较级句型
用 法 例 句
双方比较,表示一方超过另一方时,用“比较级+than”结构 China is Italy. 中国比意大利大。
“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越……” Our country is becoming . 我们的国家变得越来越强大。
“the+比较级...,the+比较级...”表示“越……,就越……” . 多多益善。
the+比较级+of the two+名词复数 is my brother.两个男孩中较高的那一个是我的哥哥。
倍数+比较级+than The box is that one.这个箱子是那个的三倍大。
less+原级+than(注意此结构不用于单音节词) The book is that one. 这本书不如那本书有趣。
3.最高级的句型
用 法 例 句
the+形容词最高级+名词+表示范围的短语或从句 Spring is . 春天是一年中最好的季节。
“one of the+最高级+名词复数”表示“最……的……之一” Li Ming is in this school.李明是这所学校最好的篮球运动员之一。
序数词+最高级 The Yellow River is river in China. 黄河是中国第二长的河流。
【温馨提示】
(1)比较级前常有much、a little、a lot、even、still、far、a bit 等修饰词。如:
He is much taller than me.他比我高得多。
(2)形容词最高级前需加定冠词the,但当其前有形容词性物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格等修饰词时,不能再用the。例如:
Tony is my best friend.托尼是我最好的朋友。
(3)比较级不能与自身进行比较,若比较的对象属于同一范围,要用“比较级+than any other+名词单数”或“比较级+than the other+名词复数”,表示“比其他的……都……”。例如:
Lin Tao is taller than any other student (或the other students) in his class. 林涛比他班里的其他学生都高。
【警示】 any other+名词单数
the other+名词复数
(4)若比较对象不属于同一范围,要用“比较级+than+any+名词单数(或the+名词复数)”。
3年淮安、江苏真题
Ⅰ.单项选择
1.(2024·淮安中考)My cousin Andy is very ______.He always makes us laugh.
A.lucky B.helpful C.brave D.funny
2.(2024·扬州中考)Our monitor is ______. He always spends a lot of time helping with our class projects.
A.generous B.humorous C.nervous D.curious
3.(2024·无锡中考)—How are you feeling today, young man
—Much ______. The medicine works. Thank you, doctor.
A.best B.better C.worst D.worse
4.(2024·无锡中考) It’s such an important meeting that everyone is advised to dress ______.
A.careful B.carefully C.proper D.properly
5.(2024·连云港中考)Huaguoshan Airport will open up international flights. It will make it ______for us to travel abroad.
A.happier B.easier C.closer D.safer
6.(2024·常州中考)When seeing the Shenzhou-18 manned spaceship flying into the sky, my father was ______than any one of us.
A.more excited B.more exciting
C.the most excited D.the most exciting
7.(2023·徐州中考) Mum opened the door ______because she didn’t want to wake up her baby.
A.angrily B.loudly C.quickly D.quietly
8.(2022·镇江中考) What a ______day! Luckily, I bring an umbrella to protect myself from the sunlight and heat.
A.windy B.snowy C.sunny D.rainy
Ⅱ.用括号中所给单词的正确形式填空
1.(2023·淮安中考)Mum, which is (big), the sun or the moon
2.(2024·扬州中考)Though I failed a lot (many) times than I succeeded, I know how to fail well.
3.(2023·南京中考)I prefer reading e-books because they are much (light) than paper ones.
4.(2023·扬州中考)We students now use (few) throwaway products than before.
5.(2022·泰州中考)Students have (little) homework than before because of the “double reduction” policy(“双减”政策).
语法专题集训
Ⅰ.单项选择
1.(2024·江西中考)—Has Bob arrived yet
—No, he’s on his way. He’ll be here ______.
A.daily B.easily C.first D.soon
2.(2024·东营中考)Today AI technology is developing ______we can imagine. Nobody knows what will happen tomorrow.
A.much faster than B.as fast as
C.more slowly than D.as slowly as
3.(2023·东营中考)Short-form videos can ______catch people’s eyes. That’s one reason why lots of people spend hours on them.
A.easily B.widely C.luckily D.seriously
4.(2023·滨州中考) —How amazing ChatGPT is!
—Yes. The new invention makes it quite ______for people to write papers and stories.
A.late B.simple C.natural D.difficult
5.(2023·本溪、辽阳、葫芦岛中考)—I have trouble with my English.
—John’s English is the ______in our class. You can ask him for help.
A.worst B.best C.fastest D.slowest
6.(2023·黔东南、黔南、黔西南三州中考)______ you practice, ______you will be at math.
A.The more; the better
B.The more; the best
C.The most; the better
D.The most; the best
7.(2023·营口中考)ChatGPT can make a plan ______than we do.
A.much quickly B.more quick
C.even quick D.far more quickly
8.(2023·江西中考) —As I know, your friend Jeff is very humorous.
—Yes. He is ______person I know.
A.funnier B.the funniest
C.more serious D.the most serious
Ⅱ.用括号中所给单词的正确形式填空
1.(2024·白银中考) Actions speak (loud) than words.
2.(2024·凉山州中考) Recently, Tianshui malatang is very popular. It’s (real) delicious.
3.(2024·包头中考)When Helen won a prize in the English competition, she believed she was the (happy) girl in the world.
4.(2024·包头中考)Compared with the past, the community canteens (食堂) are providing people, both young and old, with (healthy) and cheaper dishes now.
5.(2023·常德中考) The Yangtze River is one of the (long) rivers in the world.
6.(2023·武威中考)Peter is (young) than his sister May.
7.(2023·龙东中考)My hair is as (long) as Lily’s. We’re twin sisters.
8.(2023·包头中考) —It is said that elephants are the (large) existing land mammals (哺乳动物) on the Earth.
—But elephant populations have fallen sharply.专题六 形容词与副词
一、形容词
形容词用于修饰名词和代词,表示人或事物的性质和特征。形容词的基本用法如下:
功能 位置 示例
定语 前置定语:位于名词前 an interesting book 一本有趣的书
后置定语:位于复合不定代词之后 something important 重要的事情
表语 位于be、feel、sound、look、smell、taste、seem、get、become等连系动词之后 It is sunny today. 今天阳光灿烂。 You look beautiful today. 你今天看起来很漂亮。
宾语补 足语 位于keep, make, leave, find, feel等动词的宾语之后,说明宾语的性质、状态和特征 Don’t keep the window open.别让窗户开着。 Alice often makes us happy. 爱丽丝经常使我们开心。
【温馨提示】
1.“the+形容词”表示一类人或物,作主语时,谓语动词用复数。如:
The old are easier to catch a cold than the young.老人比年轻人更容易感冒。
2.数词+表示长、宽、高、深以及年龄的名词+形容词。如:
The Changjiang River is about 6,300 kilometres long.
长江约6 300千米长。
3.下列形容词通常只用作表语不作定语:afraid、asleep、awake、alone、well(健康的)、ill、ready、sure、glad、sorry、able、unable等。如:
I was awake last night and I’m sleepy now.
我昨晚失眠了,现在我很困。
4.多个形容词修饰同一个名词时,其排列顺序的记忆口诀:县官行令宴国才。
县(限):限定词,包括冠词、形容词性物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格、数词等。
官(观):表示观点的描绘性形容词。
行(形):表示高矮、大小等形状的形容词。
令(龄):表示年龄、新旧等的形容词。
宴(颜):表示颜色的形容词。
国:表示国籍、地区、出处的形容词。
才(材):表示材料的形容词。
如:five strong red plastic bags 五个结实的红色塑料袋;
the pretty little oldest Chinese wooden bridge中国最古老的漂亮的小木桥
二、副词
副词修饰行为动词,也可修饰形容词和其他副词,甚至整个句子。副词的常见用法如下:
功能 位置 例句
状语 多位于被修饰的行为动词之后 He jumps high. 他跳得高。
程度副词通常放在被修饰的形容词或副词之前 Bill is very tall. 比尔非常高。
频度副词通常放在行为动词之前,情态动词、助动词和be动词之后 I usually get up early. 我通常起床很早。
放在句首,修饰整个句子 Luckily, he won the game.幸运的是,他赢得了比赛。
表语 位于连系动词之后。作表语的副词多表示位置,如:in、on、out、back、up、down、off、away等 When will you be back 你什么时候回来 I must be off now. 现在我必须离开了。
定语 少数地点副词和时间副词可作定语,一般放在被修饰的名词或代词之后 Life here is full of joy.这里的生活充满了欢乐。
【温馨提示】
1.以“-ly”结尾的形容词:friendly、lovely、lively等。
2.既可以作形容词又可以作副词的兼类词:fast、high、hard等。
三、形容词和副词的级
1.原级句型
用 法 例 句
“as+形容词原级+as”,在否定句中用“not so/as...as”结构 Tony is as old as Daming. 托尼和大明一样大。 Lucy is not so/as tall as Lily. 露西不如莉莉高。
倍数+as+形容词原级+as Our school is three times as big as theirs. 我们的学校是他们的三倍大。
2.比较级句型
用 法 例 句
双方比较,表示一方超过另一方时,用“比较级+than”结构 China is larger than Italy. 中国比意大利大。
“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越……” Our country is becoming stronger and stronger. 我们的国家变得越来越强大。
“the+比较级...,the+比较级...”表示“越……,就越……” The more, the better. 多多益善。
the+比较级+of the two+名词复数 The taller of the two boys is my brother.两个男孩中较高的那一个是我的哥哥。
倍数+比较级+than The box is three times bigger than that one.这个箱子是那个的三倍大。
less+原级+than(注意此结构不用于单音节词) The book is less interesting than that one. 这本书不如那本书有趣。
3.最高级的句型
用 法 例 句
the+形容词最高级+名词+表示范围的短语或从句 Spring is the best season of the year. 春天是一年中最好的季节。
“one of the+最高级+名词复数”表示“最……的……之一” Li Ming is one of the best basketball players in this school.李明是这所学校最好的篮球运动员之一。
序数词+最高级 The Yellow River is the second longest river in China. 黄河是中国第二长的河流。
【温馨提示】
(1)比较级前常有much、a little、a lot、even、still、far、a bit 等修饰词。如:
He is much taller than me.他比我高得多。
(2)形容词最高级前需加定冠词the,但当其前有形容词性物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格等修饰词时,不能再用the。例如:
Tony is my best friend.托尼是我最好的朋友。
(3)比较级不能与自身进行比较,若比较的对象属于同一范围,要用“比较级+than any other+名词单数”或“比较级+than the other+名词复数”,表示“比其他的……都……”。例如:
Lin Tao is taller than any other student (或the other students) in his class. 林涛比他班里的其他学生都高。
【警示】 any other+名词单数
the other+名词复数
(4)若比较对象不属于同一范围,要用“比较级+than+any+名词单数(或the+名词复数)”。
3年淮安、江苏真题
Ⅰ.单项选择
1.(2024·淮安中考)My cousin Andy is very ______.He always makes us laugh.
A.lucky B.helpful C.brave D.funny
2.(2024·扬州中考)Our monitor is ______. He always spends a lot of time helping with our class projects.
A.generous B.humorous C.nervous D.curious
3.(2024·无锡中考)—How are you feeling today, young man
—Much ______. The medicine works. Thank you, doctor.
A.best B.better C.worst D.worse
4.(2024·无锡中考) It’s such an important meeting that everyone is advised to dress ______.
A.careful B.carefully C.proper D.properly
5.(2024·连云港中考)Huaguoshan Airport will open up international flights. It will make it ______for us to travel abroad.
A.happier B.easier C.closer D.safer
6.(2024·常州中考)When seeing the Shenzhou-18 manned spaceship flying into the sky, my father was ______than any one of us.
A.more excited B.more exciting
C.the most excited D.the most exciting
7.(2023·徐州中考) Mum opened the door ______because she didn’t want to wake up her baby.
A.angrily B.loudly C.quickly D.quietly
8.(2022·镇江中考) What a ______day! Luckily, I bring an umbrella to protect myself from the sunlight and heat.
A.windy B.snowy C.sunny D.rainy
Ⅱ.用括号中所给单词的正确形式填空
1.(2023·淮安中考)Mum, which is bigger(big), the sun or the moon
2.(2024·扬州中考)Though I failed a lot more(many) times than I succeeded, I know how to fail well.
3.(2023·南京中考)I prefer reading e-books because they are much lighter(light) than paper ones.
4.(2023·扬州中考)We students now use fewer(few) throwaway products than before.
5.(2022·泰州中考)Students have less(little) homework than before because of the “double reduction” policy(“双减”政策).
语法专题集训
Ⅰ.单项选择
1.(2024·江西中考)—Has Bob arrived yet
—No, he’s on his way. He’ll be here ______.
A.daily B.easily C.first D.soon
2.(2024·东营中考)Today AI technology is developing ______we can imagine. Nobody knows what will happen tomorrow.
A.much faster than B.as fast as
C.more slowly than D.as slowly as
3.(2023·东营中考)Short-form videos can ______catch people’s eyes. That’s one reason why lots of people spend hours on them.
A.easily B.widely C.luckily D.seriously
4.(2023·滨州中考) —How amazing ChatGPT is!
—Yes. The new invention makes it quite ______for people to write papers and stories.
A.late B.simple C.natural D.difficult
5.(2023·本溪、辽阳、葫芦岛中考)—I have trouble with my English.
—John’s English is the ______in our class. You can ask him for help.
A.worst B.best C.fastest D.slowest
6.(2023·黔东南、黔南、黔西南三州中考)______ you practice, ______you will be at math.
A.The more; the better
B.The more; the best
C.The most; the better
D.The most; the best
7.(2023·营口中考)ChatGPT can make a plan ______than we do.
A.much quickly B.more quick
C.even quick D.far more quickly
8.(2023·江西中考) —As I know, your friend Jeff is very humorous.
—Yes. He is ______person I know.
A.funnier B.the funniest
C.more serious D.the most serious
Ⅱ.用括号中所给单词的正确形式填空
1.(2024·白银中考) Actions speak louder(loud) than words.
2.(2024·凉山州中考) Recently, Tianshui malatang is very popular. It’s really(real) delicious.
3.(2024·包头中考)When Helen won a prize in the English competition, she believed she was the happiest(happy) girl in the world.
4.(2024·包头中考)Compared with the past, the community canteens (食堂) are providing people, both young and old, with healthier(healthy) and cheaper dishes now.
5.(2023·常德中考) The Yangtze River is one of the longest(long) rivers in the world.
6.(2023·武威中考)Peter is younger(young) than his sister May.
7.(2023·龙东中考)My hair is as long(long) as Lily’s. We’re twin sisters.
8.(2023·包头中考) —It is said that elephants are the largest(large) existing land mammals (哺乳动物) on the Earth.
—But elephant populations have fallen sharply.
