Unit 6 Nature in words Using language Grammar 课件（共21张）外研版（2019）选择性必修 第三册
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| 名称 | Unit 6 Nature in words Using language Grammar 课件（共21张）外研版（2019）选择性必修 第三册 |  | |
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| 文件大小 | 1.0MB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 外研版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2025-04-26 20:59:17 | ||
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(共21张PPT)
Unit 6 Nature in words
Using language—Grammar
Learning objectives
1. To review the usage of non-finite forms as attributive, adverbial and complement;
2. To use non-finite forms as attributive, adverbial and complement.
一、非谓语动词作定语
都可以作定语，那有什么样的区别呢？
主要区别
to do作定语常表示将来的动作
doing作定语，常表示被修饰词的用途或正在进行的动作
done作定语，表示被动或完成的动作
1. The meeting _________ (hold) tomorrow is very important.
2. The students _________ (sit) in the reading room are very diligent.
3. I couldn't afford to buy a _______ (sleep) bag.
4. The players _______ (select) from the whole country are expected to bring us honor in this summer game.
5. The ______ (fall) leaves are everywhere in autumn.
to be held
sitting
sleeping
selected
fallen
一、to do作定语
（不定式作定语通常放在其修饰的名词或代词之后。）
1. 不定式用来修饰被序数词、最高级或no，all，any等限定的中心词，且与中心词之间为逻辑上的主动关系。
1）He is always the first _______ at school and the last to leave school.
2）Is this the best way _______ him？
2.当不定式作定语，且与被修饰的词语有逻辑上的动宾关系时，不定式动词应该是及物动词；若不定式动词为不及物动词，则该动词必须与介词连用。
1）The teacher left us a lot of problems ________.
2） Please give me something ________.
3） He wanted to find a new house ________.
to solve
to drink
to live in
to arrive
to help
He broke his promise to write to his parents regularly.
We students should have the courage to face any difficulty.
3. 同位关系
4. 修饰关系
Now it is time to begin our class.
I need somewhere to take a nap.
The ability ________ (express) an idea is as important as the idea itself.
to express
被修饰词以下名词时，常用不定式作定语。常见的该类名词有：ability，chance，idea，hope，wish，fact，excuse，promise，attempt，potential , power, way等。
二、doing作定语
1. 单个的动词-ing形式作定语位于被修饰名词的前面, 除those, something, nothing 等代词时，放在其后。）
drinking water =
a walking stick =
a reading room =
a swimming pool=
a stick for walking 手杖
water for drinking 饮用水
a room for reading 阅览室
a pool for swimming 游泳池
a crying girl
a moving story
an interesting book
a tiring experience
动名词表示
被修饰者的作用或功能；
现在分词表示：
被修饰者的动作或状态特征
The students sitting in the reading room are very diligent.
I couldn't afford to buy a sleeping bag.
The crying girl thought it a tiring experience.
2.放在所修饰的名词之后，在意思上相当于一个定语从句。）
1）They lived in a room facing the street.
2）Anybody swimming in this river will be fined.
= They lived in a room that faced the street.
= Anybody who is swimming in this river will be fined.
a. 及物动词的-ed形式作定语时一般兼有被动和完成的意义。
a broken cup 一个破杯 a deserted house 一间废弃的房子
b. 不及物动词的-ed形式作定语时只有完成意义。
a grown girl 一个成年女孩 an escaped prisoner 一名逃犯
三、done作定语
done作定语作定语通常后置，其作用相当于一个定语从句。
I received a letter written to me by my sister.
= I received a letter that was written to me by my sister.
done作定语与doing作定语的区别：
an inspiring speech
the inspired audience
the falling leaves 落叶
the fallen leaves 落叶
a developing country
a developed country
鼓舞人心的演说
受鼓舞的听众
强调正在进行的动作
强调动作的完成
发展中国家
发达国家
二、非谓语动词作状语
一、to do 作状语
表目的：常用结构：to do, in order to, so as to do
表结果：to do，enough to do，so + 形容词/副词 + as to do ， only to do
表原因：结构中的形容词常见的有：happy,
glad, sorry, anxious, proud
He came here to attend an important meeting.
Sam was very surprised to hear the news.
He went home to find his old friend George waiting for him.
表目的
表结果
表原因
二、doing 作状语
可以表示谓语动作发生的原因、时间、结果、条件、伴随、让步和方式等，起作用相当于状语从句或并列句。
1. When I walked in the street, I saw a tailor’s shop.
Walking in the street, I saw a tailor’s shop.
2. Because he was poor, he couldn’t afford a TV set.
Being poor, he couldn’t afford a TV set.
3. His father died and left the family even worse off.
His father died , leaving the family even worse off.
Check the sentences.
Looking out of the window, a cat was walking along the wall.
Looking out of the window, we saw a cat walking along the wall.
doing作状语时，它的逻辑主语必须与主句的主语是一致的。
V–ing 用于某些固定搭配中，
表示说话人的态度、观点等，如：generally speaking, frankly/honestly speaking, judging by/from, considering/seeing, supposing 等等。
注意
1）Supposing it rains, we will put off the sports meeting.
2） Generally speaking, boys are more interested in science than girls.
三、done 作状语
V-ed形式用作状语时，可以表示谓语动作发生的时间、原因、条件、让步、伴随或方式，相当于状语从句或并列句。
逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致。
1. When he was asked what had happened, he kept silent.
=(When) asked what had happened, he kept silent.
V-ed作状语有时可保留连词，构成“连词+V-ed”结构，即:while, when, once, as, though, unless, if 等连词)+V-ed。
状语从句的省略
①______ from the top of the building, the school looks beautiful.
②______ from the top of the building, we found the school beautiful.
如果句子的主语和分词是主动关系，用V-ing形式。
如果句子的主语和分词是被动关系，用V-ed形式。
Seen
Seeing
三、非谓语动词作宾补
一、to do 作宾补
1. allow 、beg、encourage、forbid、advise、persuade、force、tell/ask、expect、require、wish...
vt. + O + to do
I wish you could persuade him __________________.
Parents expect their children _________ (have) a promising future.
to learn English well
to have
2. 使役动词have，make，let后用不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，表示“使，让”的含义。
The teacher had/made/let some students stay in the classroom after school.
＝The teacher got some students ______ (stay) in the classroom after school.
微点拨
to stay
have sb. doing sth. a. 用于否定句中，常与can't，won't等连用，表示“不能容忍某人做某事”; b. 使某人一直做某事
I won't have you speaking to your dad like that.
我不容许你和你父亲那样讲话。
The boss has the workers working day and night.
have/get/make＋宾语＋done让……被……/遭遇某事(强调被动性动作)
I'll have/get/make my bike ________ (repair) tomorrow.
He had his wallet ________ (steal) on his way home.
repaired
stolen
3. to do 用于感官动词一感feel, 二听hear, listen to, 五看see，notice, observe, look at, watch等后面, 作宾补不定式需省to。
I felt something crawl up my arm.
They saw the boy fall suddenly from the tree.
比较： see, watch, hear, feel, notice, smell等感官动词后接V-ing作宾语补足语,
表示该动作正在进行。
I saw him running down the street.
I heard him singing in the next room.
They shut the door and left, leaving the fire burning.
Sorry, I've kept you waiting a long time.
表示（或强调）动作从开始到结束的全过程
have, leave, keep等使役动词后接V-ing作宾补, 表示“使处于某种状态”。
see, hear, notice, observe, watch, feel, find等感官动词后接V-ed作宾语补足语,
表示该动作与宾语之间是被动关系或者该动作已经完成。
I saw an old man_________ (knock) down by a car just now.
He found his home town greatly ________.
knocked
changed
She was seen_________(enter)the manager's office ten minutes ago.
to enter
在with的复合结构中可接不定式，V-ing 和V-ed作宾语补足语。这一结构通常在句中作时间、方式、条件、原因等状语。
① With a lot of work to do, he wasn't allowed to go out.
② With spring coming on, trees turn green.
③ With prices going up so fast, we can't afford luxuries.
④ With water heated, we can see the steam.
⑤The murderer was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back.
(方式)
(条件)
(原因)
(时间)
(原因)
不定式表示将发生的动作
V-ing和前面的宾语是
逻辑上的主谓关系;
V-ed和前面的宾语是逻辑上的动宾关系。
非谓语动词作状语，其逻辑主语须与______主语保持一致。若不一致，非谓语动词形式须______主语，从而构成复合结构的形式作状语。这种结构称为_________________。其中，非谓语动词主动用现在V-ing，被动用V-ed。
主句
另带
"独立主格结构"
The meeting ______ (be) over, all of us went home.
Her work _______ (do), she sat down for a cup of tea.
时间允许的话，我们再做多一份练习。
being
done
Time ___________ (permit), we can do one more exercise.
More time ________ (give), we will finish the work on time.
permitting
given
Practice makes perfect!
1.(2022年新高考全国Ⅱ卷)Henry Tyler made the catch of the year on the weekend. When he saw a young child hanging from a sixth-floor apartment balcony (阳台), Henry ran one hundred metres, jumped over a 1.2-metre fence, and held out his arms to catch the ___36___ (fall) child.
2.(2022年全国甲卷)A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days to Xi’an, as a first step ___61_______ (journey) the Belt and Road route (路线) by foot.
3.(2022年全国甲卷)Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation ___63___ (hold) in Beijing, Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute (致敬) to the ancient Silk Road.
4.(2022年全国乙卷)It can help to build a community with a ___66___ (share) future for mankind,” he said.
falling
to journey
held
shared
非谓语动词作定语
1.(2022年新高考全国Ⅰ卷) ___56_____ (cover)an area about three times the size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country.
2.(2022年新高考全国Ⅱ卷)Eric woke up a little later when he heard children playing outside. He pushed a chair onto the balcony, and climbed up ___39___ (see) them.
3.(2022年全国甲卷)He flew 4, 700 kilometers from Xi’an to Kashgar on Sept. 20, ____70____ (plan) to hike back to Xi’an in five months.
4.(2022年全国乙卷) ___68_________ (strengthen)the connection with young people, the event included a number of public promotional activities on social media, ___69____ (invite) twenty-nine tea professionals from around the world to have thirty-six hours of uninterrupted live broadcasts.
Covering
to see
非谓语动词作状语
planning
To strengthen
inviting
1.(2020课标全国Ⅱ,65)They make great gifts and you see them many times ____________(decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.
2.(2020课标全国Ⅲ,69)And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds __ __ (surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears.
3.(2020天津,14)The dancer’s incredible performance had the audience on its feet __________(clap) for 10 minutes at the end of the show.
非谓语动词作补语
decorated
surrounding
clapping
Unit 6 Nature in words
Using language—Grammar
Learning objectives
1. To review the usage of non-finite forms as attributive, adverbial and complement;
2. To use non-finite forms as attributive, adverbial and complement.
一、非谓语动词作定语
都可以作定语，那有什么样的区别呢？
主要区别
to do作定语常表示将来的动作
doing作定语，常表示被修饰词的用途或正在进行的动作
done作定语，表示被动或完成的动作
1. The meeting _________ (hold) tomorrow is very important.
2. The students _________ (sit) in the reading room are very diligent.
3. I couldn't afford to buy a _______ (sleep) bag.
4. The players _______ (select) from the whole country are expected to bring us honor in this summer game.
5. The ______ (fall) leaves are everywhere in autumn.
to be held
sitting
sleeping
selected
fallen
一、to do作定语
（不定式作定语通常放在其修饰的名词或代词之后。）
1. 不定式用来修饰被序数词、最高级或no，all，any等限定的中心词，且与中心词之间为逻辑上的主动关系。
1）He is always the first _______ at school and the last to leave school.
2）Is this the best way _______ him？
2.当不定式作定语，且与被修饰的词语有逻辑上的动宾关系时，不定式动词应该是及物动词；若不定式动词为不及物动词，则该动词必须与介词连用。
1）The teacher left us a lot of problems ________.
2） Please give me something ________.
3） He wanted to find a new house ________.
to solve
to drink
to live in
to arrive
to help
He broke his promise to write to his parents regularly.
We students should have the courage to face any difficulty.
3. 同位关系
4. 修饰关系
Now it is time to begin our class.
I need somewhere to take a nap.
The ability ________ (express) an idea is as important as the idea itself.
to express
被修饰词以下名词时，常用不定式作定语。常见的该类名词有：ability，chance，idea，hope，wish，fact，excuse，promise，attempt，potential , power, way等。
二、doing作定语
1. 单个的动词-ing形式作定语位于被修饰名词的前面, 除those, something, nothing 等代词时，放在其后。）
drinking water =
a walking stick =
a reading room =
a swimming pool=
a stick for walking 手杖
water for drinking 饮用水
a room for reading 阅览室
a pool for swimming 游泳池
a crying girl
a moving story
an interesting book
a tiring experience
动名词表示
被修饰者的作用或功能；
现在分词表示：
被修饰者的动作或状态特征
The students sitting in the reading room are very diligent.
I couldn't afford to buy a sleeping bag.
The crying girl thought it a tiring experience.
2.放在所修饰的名词之后，在意思上相当于一个定语从句。）
1）They lived in a room facing the street.
2）Anybody swimming in this river will be fined.
= They lived in a room that faced the street.
= Anybody who is swimming in this river will be fined.
a. 及物动词的-ed形式作定语时一般兼有被动和完成的意义。
a broken cup 一个破杯 a deserted house 一间废弃的房子
b. 不及物动词的-ed形式作定语时只有完成意义。
a grown girl 一个成年女孩 an escaped prisoner 一名逃犯
三、done作定语
done作定语作定语通常后置，其作用相当于一个定语从句。
I received a letter written to me by my sister.
= I received a letter that was written to me by my sister.
done作定语与doing作定语的区别：
an inspiring speech
the inspired audience
the falling leaves 落叶
the fallen leaves 落叶
a developing country
a developed country
鼓舞人心的演说
受鼓舞的听众
强调正在进行的动作
强调动作的完成
发展中国家
发达国家
二、非谓语动词作状语
一、to do 作状语
表目的：常用结构：to do, in order to, so as to do
表结果：to do，enough to do，so + 形容词/副词 + as to do ， only to do
表原因：结构中的形容词常见的有：happy,
glad, sorry, anxious, proud
He came here to attend an important meeting.
Sam was very surprised to hear the news.
He went home to find his old friend George waiting for him.
表目的
表结果
表原因
二、doing 作状语
可以表示谓语动作发生的原因、时间、结果、条件、伴随、让步和方式等，起作用相当于状语从句或并列句。
1. When I walked in the street, I saw a tailor’s shop.
Walking in the street, I saw a tailor’s shop.
2. Because he was poor, he couldn’t afford a TV set.
Being poor, he couldn’t afford a TV set.
3. His father died and left the family even worse off.
His father died , leaving the family even worse off.
Check the sentences.
Looking out of the window, a cat was walking along the wall.
Looking out of the window, we saw a cat walking along the wall.
doing作状语时，它的逻辑主语必须与主句的主语是一致的。
V–ing 用于某些固定搭配中，
表示说话人的态度、观点等，如：generally speaking, frankly/honestly speaking, judging by/from, considering/seeing, supposing 等等。
注意
1）Supposing it rains, we will put off the sports meeting.
2） Generally speaking, boys are more interested in science than girls.
三、done 作状语
V-ed形式用作状语时，可以表示谓语动作发生的时间、原因、条件、让步、伴随或方式，相当于状语从句或并列句。
逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致。
1. When he was asked what had happened, he kept silent.
=(When) asked what had happened, he kept silent.
V-ed作状语有时可保留连词，构成“连词+V-ed”结构，即:while, when, once, as, though, unless, if 等连词)+V-ed。
状语从句的省略
①______ from the top of the building, the school looks beautiful.
②______ from the top of the building, we found the school beautiful.
如果句子的主语和分词是主动关系，用V-ing形式。
如果句子的主语和分词是被动关系，用V-ed形式。
Seen
Seeing
三、非谓语动词作宾补
一、to do 作宾补
1. allow 、beg、encourage、forbid、advise、persuade、force、tell/ask、expect、require、wish...
vt. + O + to do
I wish you could persuade him __________________.
Parents expect their children _________ (have) a promising future.
to learn English well
to have
2. 使役动词have，make，let后用不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，表示“使，让”的含义。
The teacher had/made/let some students stay in the classroom after school.
＝The teacher got some students ______ (stay) in the classroom after school.
微点拨
to stay
have sb. doing sth. a. 用于否定句中，常与can't，won't等连用，表示“不能容忍某人做某事”; b. 使某人一直做某事
I won't have you speaking to your dad like that.
我不容许你和你父亲那样讲话。
The boss has the workers working day and night.
have/get/make＋宾语＋done让……被……/遭遇某事(强调被动性动作)
I'll have/get/make my bike ________ (repair) tomorrow.
He had his wallet ________ (steal) on his way home.
repaired
stolen
3. to do 用于感官动词一感feel, 二听hear, listen to, 五看see，notice, observe, look at, watch等后面, 作宾补不定式需省to。
I felt something crawl up my arm.
They saw the boy fall suddenly from the tree.
比较： see, watch, hear, feel, notice, smell等感官动词后接V-ing作宾语补足语,
表示该动作正在进行。
I saw him running down the street.
I heard him singing in the next room.
They shut the door and left, leaving the fire burning.
Sorry, I've kept you waiting a long time.
表示（或强调）动作从开始到结束的全过程
have, leave, keep等使役动词后接V-ing作宾补, 表示“使处于某种状态”。
see, hear, notice, observe, watch, feel, find等感官动词后接V-ed作宾语补足语,
表示该动作与宾语之间是被动关系或者该动作已经完成。
I saw an old man_________ (knock) down by a car just now.
He found his home town greatly ________.
knocked
changed
She was seen_________(enter)the manager's office ten minutes ago.
to enter
在with的复合结构中可接不定式，V-ing 和V-ed作宾语补足语。这一结构通常在句中作时间、方式、条件、原因等状语。
① With a lot of work to do, he wasn't allowed to go out.
② With spring coming on, trees turn green.
③ With prices going up so fast, we can't afford luxuries.
④ With water heated, we can see the steam.
⑤The murderer was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back.
(方式)
(条件)
(原因)
(时间)
(原因)
不定式表示将发生的动作
V-ing和前面的宾语是
逻辑上的主谓关系;
V-ed和前面的宾语是逻辑上的动宾关系。
非谓语动词作状语，其逻辑主语须与______主语保持一致。若不一致，非谓语动词形式须______主语，从而构成复合结构的形式作状语。这种结构称为_________________。其中，非谓语动词主动用现在V-ing，被动用V-ed。
主句
另带
"独立主格结构"
The meeting ______ (be) over, all of us went home.
Her work _______ (do), she sat down for a cup of tea.
时间允许的话，我们再做多一份练习。
being
done
Time ___________ (permit), we can do one more exercise.
More time ________ (give), we will finish the work on time.
permitting
given
Practice makes perfect!
1.(2022年新高考全国Ⅱ卷)Henry Tyler made the catch of the year on the weekend. When he saw a young child hanging from a sixth-floor apartment balcony (阳台), Henry ran one hundred metres, jumped over a 1.2-metre fence, and held out his arms to catch the ___36___ (fall) child.
2.(2022年全国甲卷)A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days to Xi’an, as a first step ___61_______ (journey) the Belt and Road route (路线) by foot.
3.(2022年全国甲卷)Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation ___63___ (hold) in Beijing, Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute (致敬) to the ancient Silk Road.
4.(2022年全国乙卷)It can help to build a community with a ___66___ (share) future for mankind,” he said.
falling
to journey
held
shared
非谓语动词作定语
1.(2022年新高考全国Ⅰ卷) ___56_____ (cover)an area about three times the size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country.
2.(2022年新高考全国Ⅱ卷)Eric woke up a little later when he heard children playing outside. He pushed a chair onto the balcony, and climbed up ___39___ (see) them.
3.(2022年全国甲卷)He flew 4, 700 kilometers from Xi’an to Kashgar on Sept. 20, ____70____ (plan) to hike back to Xi’an in five months.
4.(2022年全国乙卷) ___68_________ (strengthen)the connection with young people, the event included a number of public promotional activities on social media, ___69____ (invite) twenty-nine tea professionals from around the world to have thirty-six hours of uninterrupted live broadcasts.
Covering
to see
非谓语动词作状语
planning
To strengthen
inviting
1.(2020课标全国Ⅱ,65)They make great gifts and you see them many times ____________(decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.
2.(2020课标全国Ⅲ,69)And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds __ __ (surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears.
3.(2020天津,14)The dancer’s incredible performance had the audience on its feet __________(clap) for 10 minutes at the end of the show.
非谓语动词作补语
decorated
surrounding
clapping