Unit 3 The world of science Developing ideas Reading 课件（共41张，内嵌音视频）2024-2025学年高一英语外研版（2019）必修3

(共41张PPT)
Unit 3 Developing ideas
FRANKLIN'S EXPERIMENT: How Much Is True
富兰克林的实验：有多少是真的？
阅读课件
To master some words and expressions related to the topic.
To understand the title and the structure of an argumentation.
To know something about Benjamin Franklin and his famous kite experiment.
To develop scientific exploration and critical thinking ability and gradually cultivate a spirit of scientific exploration.
Learning objectives
Words and expressions
draft v. 起草，草拟 42
declaration n. 声明，宣告 42
experiment n. （科学）实验 42
lightning n. 闪电 42
fiction n. 虚构的事，想象的事 42
metal n. 金属 42
attach v. 系，绑；贴 42
flash n. 闪光 42
conduct v. 传导（热、电） 42
scientific adj. 科学（上）的 43
entirely adv. 完全地，彻底地 43
gravity n. 重力，引力 44
account n. 记述，描述 44
proof n. 证明，证据 44
procedure n. 程序，步骤，手续 46
Benjamin Franklin
Who is he
Lead-in
Pre-reading
Who is Franklin
Read the short introduction to Benjamin Franklin and figure out who he is(P42), pay attention to the following aspects:
Statues(地位)
Deeds(功绩)
Occupation/
Achievements
(职业/成就)
Benjamin
Franklin
Pre-reading
Read the short introduction to Benjamin Franklin and share any other information you know about him.
Benjamin Franklin (1706–1790) was one of the Founding Fathers of the United States and helped draft the Declaration of Independence and the US Constitution. Apart from being a successful statesman, he was also well known as a leading American author, printer and publisher, successful diplomat, creative scientist and inventor.
1
本杰明·富兰克林（1706-1790）是美国的开国元勋之一，帮助起草了《独立宣言》和美国宪法。 除了是一位成功的政治家，他也是一位著名的美国作家、印刷商和出版商、成功的外交官、富有创造力的科学家和发明家。
Who is Franklin
Fill in the blanks according to the short passage:
Statues(地位)
Deeds(功绩)
Occupation/
Achievements
(职业/成就)
Benjamin
Franklin
He was one of the founding fathers of the US.
He helped draft the Declaration of Independence.
He was a successful statesman and a leading American author, printer and publisher, successful diplomat, creative scientist and inventor.
Read the passage and find out what Franklin’s experiment aimed to prove.
2
An essay title often contains an explicit or implicit question which your essay should focus on answering. For example, the title “Franklin's Experiment: How Much is True ” makes it clear what question is being answered within
the essay.
adj. 清楚明白的，明确的
adj. 含蓄的，未言明的
一篇文章的标题通常包含一个明确或隐含的问题，你的必要的重点应该是回答。 例如，题为“富兰克林的实验：有多少是真的？” 明确了文章中要回答的问题。
While-reading
Read the passage and find out what Franklin’s experiment aimed to prove.
2
Franklin’s experiment aimed to prove that lighting was a form of electricity.
Lighting is electricity
Read the passage and try to find out:
the main idea of each paragraph.
the genre of the passage.
the structure of the passage.
Reading Tip: pay attention to the first or last sentences of each paragraph
FRANKLIN’S EXPERIMENT: How Much Is True
Skimming
While-reading
Match the main idea with each paragraph.
Para. 1
Para. 2
Para. 3
Para. 4
Para. 5
Para. 6
A. The effect of the experiment
B. Introduction
C. Conclusion
D. Doubt about Franklin’s experiment
E. How the experiment is carried out
F. Doubt about other accepted ideas
Skimming
Introduction
Conclusion
Main body
Essay
论说文
Introduction
论点
Main body
论据
Conclusion
结论
Main body
Main body
Skimming
What is the structure of the passage
Opinion
Supporting details
Conclusion
Argumentation
Read for structure
Read for the author’s opinion
Read the first paragraph and find out the author’s opinion on the story of the experiment.
The story may be fiction instead of fact.
Para. 1
Presenting an Argument：
Is the famous experiment that we learned in our textbooks when we were children true or false
Presenting an Argument
Para. 2 Experiment Report
A flash of lightning hit the kite and electricity was conducted through the string to the key. He got an electric shock(触电).
lightning was a form of electricity
Touch
a kite a string a metal key
Aim
Materials
Procedure
1. ___ a string __ a kite and ______ a metal key __ the string;
Result
Conclusion
The lightning was a form of electricity.
2. ___ the kite during ________;
To prove __________________________________
3. _____ the key with _________.
_________, _________, _________
Para. 2
Argument: Revisit the experiment
Fly
a storm
the finger
Tie
to
attach
to
Read for details
Careful reading
Activity 1
Materials
a kite
a string
a key
Result
He got an electric shock(触电 ).
Conclusion
Lightning was a form of electricity.
2._____ a metal key to a string
4._____ the key with the finger
3._____ the kite during the storm
Attach
Fly
Touch
1._____ a string to a kite
Tie
Materials
a kite
a string
a key
2._____ a metal key to a string
4._____ the key with the finger
3._____ the kite during the storm
Attach
Fly
Touch
1._____ a string to a kite
Tie
How popular was Franklin’s experiment Why
Schools
Schoolchildren
Schools have taught the story of Franklin’s lightning experiment for many years.
Influence: Franklin’s spirit of scientific exploration inspired generations
of schoolchildren.
Para. 3
Argument: Experiment's influence
More than one generation of schoolchildren has been amazed by his bravery and his scientific approach to looking for the truth.
Read for details
Para. 4
From this paragraph, we know that _________.
A. neither the story nor the
details are true.
B. Franklin's experiment is
not true.
C. the string and the key is
not true.
D. Franklin had actually
touched the key is not true.
D
Argument: Preliminary judgment, true or false.
真真假假假亦真
Read for details
Para. 5
inspiration
inspiration
The reason why Scientists often question accepted ideas is that _____ .
A. they have questioned the story about the apple
falling on Newton's head.
B. Newton's theory of gravity is also false.
C. scientists don't believe any story made by
ordinary people.
D. Scientists need to find hard facts.
D
Argument: Fact is important.
Why was Newton's story been
mentioned
He gives another example to demonstrate the argument of the passage that the stories behind inventions may not be true.
Read for details
Para. 6
Conclusion: Respect the scientific facts.
1. Which one is more interesting in
the eyes of children
A. Interesting stories of scientists.
B. Facts backed by rigorous science.
C. A scientist who loves research.
D. Brave scientists.
2. What do scientists think is more
important by comparison
A. Inspirational stories.
B. Children's curiosity.
C. Scientific and realistic spirit.
D. Satisfy popular beliefs.
How do you understand the last sentence
A
C
Seeing is believing.（眼见为实）
Read for details
Para. 1
Materials
a kite
a string
a key
2._____ a metal key to a string
4._______ the key with the finger
3._____ the kite during the storm
1._____ a string to a kite
Result
He got an electric shock.
Conclusion
Lightning was a form of electricity.
How much is true
Why
Tie
Attach
Fly
Touch
He would certainly have died from the electric shock if he had touched the key.
Para. 4--6
They want to establish the facts.
Why do scientists question accepted ideas
Why are there often fictions in science stories
What is the author’s conclusion from the story
Fiction is often more interesting than the truth.
People are more inspired by the spirit than by the facts.
We should not always believe everything we read or hear --- even if it is a great story.
Para. 4--6
Read for comprehension
Para 2
Para 3
Para 4
Para 6 The author’s conclusion
Para 1 The author’s opinion
Para 5
The story may be fiction instead of fact.
The story of the experiment
The story’s influence on general public
Scientists’ question on the story
Scientists’ question on a similar story
Facts should be proved by experiments and research
Draw a mind map of the passage.
Now draw out the whole structure of the passage
Opinion
Supporting details
Conclusion
The story may be fiction instead of fact.
A detailed analysis of Franklin’s experiment.
Scientists questions.
The importance of science stories.
In science, we shouldn’t always believe everything we read or hear.
Argumentation
Do you think whether Franklin’s experiment might be true or not Why
Summary
Franklin’s spirit of scientific exploration is still
considered an inspiration.
People are amazed at and inspired by Franklin’s
experiment.
Scientists question what really happened in
Franklin’s experiment.
3
1
2
Number the statements to show how people’s attitudes towards Franklin’s experiment have changed.
3
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer.
1. What is the text mainly about
A. The story of Franklin’s experiment is true or not.
B. The aim of Franklin’s experiment.
C. The procedure of Franklin’s experiment.
D. The effect of Franklin’s experiment.
Comprehension
A
2. What does the author think have more inspired people
A. The story of Scientists’ experiments.
B. The result of Scientists’ experiments.
C. The scientists’ spirit of scientific exploration.
D. The fact of scientific exploration.
C
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer.
Comprehension
3. What is the effect of the experiment
A. It has introduced generations of children to science.
B. It proved that lightning is a form of electricity.
C. It is important to establish the truth.
D. All of above.
D
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer.
Comprehension
4. Why do scientists question accepted ideas
A. To find what took place.
B. To prove what is true.
C. To establish the facts.
D. To inspire people to do scientific exploration.
C
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer.
Comprehension
1 Do you think it matters that Franklin’s experiment might not be
true Why
2 What is your opinion about the statement“...we should not always believe everything we read or hear—even if it is a great story”
It depends. Although the experiment is not true, it amazed us by Franklin’s bravery, his scientific approach to looking for the truth and his spirit of scientific exploration. However, for the development of science, experiments must be based on facts.
Think & Share
I agree. We should look at what we read or hear with a critical spirit.
①We can't always trust what we hear or read.
②We need to check facts with experiments.
③Not even great stories should be believed without proof.
Post-reading
3 What qualities do you think a great scientist should have
4 In what ways do scientists contribute to society
Firstly, scientific discoveries promote the development of our society.
Secondly, the contributions of scientists in medicine extend our life span.
Thirdly, scientists have invented a lot of surprising tools that fundamentally improve our living standards.
A great scientist should be curious, have spirit of scientific exploration and perseverance,work hard, and respect rules. That is to say, a great scientist should possess curiosity, attention to detail, and perseverance.
Think & Share
Extension
What qualities do successful inventors have Why
Diligent, Insightful, Brave, Versatile ( / v s ta l/ 多才多艺的) , Perseverant (/ p s v r nt/ 锲而不舍的 )
Qualities successful inventors have
Ambitious
Brave
Critical
Diligent
Efficient
Insightful
Perseverant
Versatile
Extension
The spirits of scientists in China.
Work in groups. Explain your understanding of the saying “Seeing is believing”, and then give a talk about it. You may use information in the passage as examples.
1 Make notes about your understanding of the saying and list supporting details.
4
Post-reading
2 Organise your talk following the steps below.
Start your talk by explaining how you understand this saying.
Explain why you think this way. Use the notes you have made to support your ideas.
End your talk by summarising your points.
3 Give your talk to the class.
Work in groups. Explain your understanding of the saying “Seeing is believing”, and then give a talk about it. You may use information in the passage as examples.
4
Post-reading
Benjamin Franklin's famous experiment with lightning has introduced generations of children to science. However, new research suggests that the story may be fiction instead
of fact.
To prove if lightning was really produced by electricity or something else, Franklin did an experiment by using a kite with a piece of string 1.______ (tie) to it. A metal key was attached to the string. A flash of lightning hit the kite, and electricity was conducted through the string to the key. When Franklin touched the key with his finger, he got an electric shock, 2._______ proved that lightning was a form of electricity. For many years, the story of Franklin's lightning experiment 3._____________ (teach) to children to inspire them to look for the truth through 4.________ (science) experiments. However, neither the story nor the details of the experiment are 5._________ (entire) true, because if Franklin had actually touched the key, he would certainly have died 6._________ the electric shock.
Scientists often question accepted ideas because they want 7.__________(establish) the facts. Some have even questioned the story about the apple that fell on Newton‘s head and led him to come up with his theory of gravity, because there is no 8._______ (prove) that the falling apple hit him on 9.________ head.
In science, facts should be proved by experiments and research, and we should not always believe everything we read or hear - even if it 10. _____ (be) a great story.
tied
which
has been taught
scientific
entirely
from
to establish
proof
the
is
Grammar Filling
Text Revision
Find the story of Newton’s discovery and write an essay to question it.
Newton’s discovery of gravity:
How much is true
Homework