高考英语二轮复习专题模拟训练(阅读理解)含答案与解析

专题模拟训练(阅读理解)
细节理解类
A
(2024·贵州省黔南州高三二模)
Santa Rosa National Park is the first national park designated in Costa Rica.It was created not to preserve land but to save a building, La Casona, which was once destroyed by fire, but has been rebuilt to its original likeness.
Biodiversity
In addition to La Casona, Santa Rosa National Park protects a multitude of ecosystems including marshlands and mangroves.Many endangered animals also live here, with over 100 mammals and 250 birds recorded within the park.
Highlights
Playa Nancite is the most popular beach for sea turtle.Entry to the beach is restricted for protection, but entry can be obtained from park headquarters.
Ranger Stations
There are two different sectors within Santa Rosa National Park.The Santa Rosa Sector is frequently visited for its notable attractions including access to La Casona.The other sector, Murcielago is not accessible via the Santa Rosa Sector.
Hiking
There are several different hiking trails within the park.We recommend bringing closed-toed hiking shoes, a hat, sunscreen, bug spray and water.
We highly recommend exploring Santa Rosa National Park led by an expert naturalist guide.The park entrance fee is $15 per adult and $5 per child age 6—12.The park is open from 8：00 a．m. to 3：30 p．m. every day.
For more information, browse our vacation packages to get started planning your trip!
1．Why was the Santa Rosa National Park created？
A．To protect the ecosystem in Costa Rica.
B．To celebrate the reconstruction of Costa Rica.
C．To rescue a structure in Costa Rica.
D．To preserve the land in Costa Rica.
2．What do we know about Playa Nancite？
A．It is easily accessible.
B．It consists of two different sectors.
C．It provides guide service.
D．It limits tourist numbers.
3．How much will a couple with an eight-year-old kid have to pay for the entrance fee？
A．$15. B．$30.
C．$35. D．$45.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇应用文，介绍了哥斯达黎加第一个指定的国家公园——圣罗莎国家公园的一些信息。
1．C　细节理解题。根据第一段“It was created not to preserve land but to save a building, La Casona, which was once destroyed by fire, but has been rebuilt to its original likeness.(它的创建不是为了保护土地，而是为了拯救一座建筑La Casona，它曾被大火摧毁，但已被重建成原来的样子。)”可知，圣罗莎国家公园被创建是为了拯救哥斯达黎加的一座建筑。故选C。
2．D　细节理解题。根据Highlights部分“Entry to the beach is restricted for protection, but entry can be obtained from park headquarters.(为了保护该区域，禁止进入海滩，但可以向公园总部申请进入。)”可知，Playa Nancite限制游客数量。故选D。
3．C　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“The park entrance fee is $15 per adult and $5 per child age 6—12.(公园入场费是成人15美元，6～12岁的儿童5美元。)”可知，一对夫妻带一个八岁的孩子进入公园要支付15×2＋5美元，即35美元。故选C。
B
(2024·河北省雄安新区部分高中高三一模)
Keeping plants at home is a healthy and comfortable way of life.The following houseplants can create a most beautiful piece of green for your home.
Bird's Nest Fern (蕨)
The bird's nest fern is a good choice for anyone with a house that wouldn't support sun-loving species.It's a hardy fern variety adapting to living on forest floors, where the air tends to be cool and damp.It likes to be misted as well, but this doesn't always mean you need a misting bottle—spraying (喷洒) it in the sink or hanging it near a shower often works as well.
Chinese Money Plant
This is a flowering species that might be most appropriate for experienced plant gardeners looking for a new challenge.It prefers a moderate amount of indirect light, and tends to dry out slightly between watering sessions.It produces new plants easily without any input, directly from its root system.These can coexist in the same pot for a time.
Resurrection Plant
This native of the Mexican desert has adapted to surviving in extreme drought by curling (蜷缩) into a ball and remaining in seemingly lifeless state for years, if necessary.In this form, it can be transported by the wind across the dry landscape to areas with water.It will revive within hours in a shallow bowl of water, unfolding and transforming into a fresh and green moss (苔藓)．
Snake Plant
This is a striking houseplant that can be an especially good option for new plant owners who you might not trust to keep a plant alive.It grows happily in almost any condition.While it prefers bright light, it doesn't mind shade or even artificial light.Plus, thanks to its thick, fleshy leaves, it stores water with remarkable efficiency, which makes it survive without water in the earth.
4．What is special about the bird's nest fern？
A．It prefers shade.
B．It is sun-loving.
C．It tends to grow in the sink.
D．It can return to life after death.
5．Which plant will test its owner's gardening skill most？
A．Bird's nest fern.
B．Chinese money plant.
C．Resurrection plant.
D．Snake plant.
6．What do resurrection plant and snake plant have in common？
A．They demand attentive owners.
B．They are very drought-tolerant.
C．They will curl for self-protection.
D．They can store water for drought.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四种适合家养的植物。
4．A　细节理解题。根据Bird's Nest Fern部分“The bird's nest fern is a good choice for anyone with a house that wouldn't support sun-loving species.(对于那些家里不支持喜欢阳光的物种的人来说，Bird's nest fern是一个很好的选择。)”可知，Bird's nest fern对那些房屋不适合种植喜阳植物的人来说是个不错的选择。由此可知，bird's nest fern是喜阴植物。故选A。
5．B　细节理解题。根据Chinese Money Plant部分“This is a flowering species that might be most appropriate for experienced plant gardeners looking for a new challenge.(这是一个开花的物种，可能是最适合有经验的植物园丁寻找一个新的挑战。)”可知，Chinese money plant可能最适合正在寻找新的挑战的有经验的园艺师。由此可知，这种植物最考验主人的园艺技能。故选B。
6．B　细节理解题。根据Resurrection Plant部分“This native of the Mexican desert has adapted to surviving in extreme drought by curling (蜷缩) into a ball and remaining in seemingly lifeless state for years, if necessary.(这种原产于墨西哥沙漠的植物已经适应了在极端干旱中生存，它们蜷缩成一个球，如果必要的话，会在看似没有生命的状态下保持数年。)”和Snake Plant部分“Plus, thanks to its thick, fleshy leaves, it stores water with remarkable efficiency, which makes it survive without water in the earth.(此外，由于它厚厚的肉质叶子，它储存水分的效率非常高，这使得它在没有水的情况下也能生存。)”可知，这两种植物都耐旱。故选B。
C
(2024·河南省濮阳市高三一模)
For the first time in the competition's history, two athletes are sharing a gold medal at the World Athletics Championships.
The USA's Katie Moon and Australia's Nina Kennedy found themselves in a difficult situation during the women's pole vault (撑竿跳) final.They both cleared 4.90 meters, but neither managed to clear 4.95 meters on any of their three attempts.
Kennedy says she looked at Moon and said, “Hey, girl, maybe you want to share this？”
“And the relief on her face—and you could see it on my face—and it was mutual (相互的)．And yeah, absolutely incredible to share a medal with Katie Moon.You know, we've been friends for so long, so it's super special，” Kennedy told reporters after the final.
Thousands of fans were on their feet at the National Athletics Centre in Budapest, Hungary, for Date 5 of the competition, which hosts almost 2,000 athletes from 192 countries.The dramatic event lasted two hours and ten minutes.Katie Moon told FloTrack that as the final progressed, it became clear that very little separated the two athletes.
“As the competition was going, I kept thinking.I don't want this to go to a jump-off (加赛)，” Moon told sports journalist Anderson Emerole.“This competition was the toughest battle I'd say that I've had.It was very emotionally draining (消耗), and I think that's why both of us were feeling like.‘We're not really feeling the jump-off right now.’”
It was Moon's second consecutive gold medal at the World Championships.She also won an Olympic gold in Tokyo in 2021.With a personal record of 4.95 meters, Moon appeared to be the favorite.
Kennedy, however, did not back down.Not only did she set a new personal record, but she also broke the Australian record by eight centimeters when she sailed over the 4.90-meter high bar.She held back tears after the career-defining leap.
“It was a miracle to get the gold.I think a miracle happened tonight，” Kennedy told reporters.
7．What did Nina Kennedy suggest Katie Moon do？
A．Continue the competition.
B．Take a break first.
C．Share the gold medal.
D．Let go of the fear.
8．How did Katie Moon feel about Nina Kennedy's proposal？
A．Joyful. B．Confused.
C．Mixed. D．Disappointed.
9．What can we infer about Nina Kennedy and Katie Moon？
A．They felt tired physically and mentally when competing.
B．They didn't take the competition seriously.
C．They were looking forward to a jump-off.
D．They hadn't won a gold medal before.
10．What was the previous Australian record for the women's pole vault？
A．4.80 meters. B．4.82 meters.
C．4.95 meters. D．4.98 meters.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了在世界田径锦标赛上，美国选手凯蒂·穆恩和澳大利亚选手妮娜·肯尼迪共享女子撑杆跳项目一枚金牌，这是该项目历史上的第一次。
7．C　细节理解题。根据第三段“Kennedy says she looked at Moon and said, ‘Hey, girl, maybe you want to share this？’(肯尼迪说她看着穆恩说：‘嘿，女孩，也许你想分享这个？’)”可知，妮娜·肯尼迪建议凯蒂·穆恩和她分享金牌。故选C。
8．A　细节理解题。根据第四段“And the relief on her face—and you could see it on my face—and it was mutual(相互的)．(她脸上的宽慰——你可以在我脸上看到——是相互的。)”可知，凯蒂·穆恩对妮娜·肯尼迪的提议感到高兴。故选A。
9．A　推理判断题。根据倒数第四段“This competition was the toughest battle I'd say that I've had.It was very emotionally draining (消耗), and I think that's why both of us were feeling like.(这场比赛是我经历过的最艰难的一场比赛。这场比赛让我的情绪非常低落，我想这就是为什么我们俩都有这种感觉。)”可知，这场比赛令两位运动员感到身心疲惫。故选A。
10．B　数字计算题。根据倒数第二段“Not only did she set a new personal record, but she also broke the Australian record by eight centimeters when she sailed over the 4.90-meter high bar.(她不仅创造了一项新的个人纪录，而且当她越过4.90米高的横杆时，还以8厘米的优势打破了澳大利亚纪录。)”可知，此前澳大利亚女子撑杆跳的纪录4.82米。故选B。
推理判断类
A
(2024·广东省茂名市高三一模)
In the 7th grade, I was a naughty boy.Ms.Dinos pulled me aside for a fateful chat.What she had to say was simple—I was a follower with the potential of a leader, and what I needed was some new friends and some time to grow up.She suggested to my mother that I repeat the 7th grade.After a pout (噘嘴), a plea and a prayer, I made a deal, “give me the summer and I'll show you！”
That summer, I made it my business to do just that.By the following school year, I was awarded a medal that valued my efforts.Two of those three friends she warned me of eventually became alcoholics—one an ex-con (前科犯), the other a woman-beater.Ms.Dinos saved my life.
Twenty years later, Ms.Dinos and I were reunited on the Internet.However, she didn't remember the event at all.Right then it hit me.That event that meant so much to me was just a singular moment in her well-lived life.And I learnt that Ms.Dinos had since become a famous garden designer, for she had a gift for planting seeds.
It was only months after reuniting with Ms.Dinos that an old student of my own popped up online.She informed me of the moment that I inspired her.According to her, I once shared a drawing of mine with the class.That student was so moved by the drawing that she wanted to learn to do the same.That picture ignited in her a passion that she later turned into a career.My own little seed was planted and now has grown.
Now understanding what I do about the power of planting seeds, I take every opportunity：share what I can with as many young people as possible.I offer bits of wisdom or words of encouragement, but sometimes just a smile—it goes a long way.I know that one day, when they're ready for it, that seed I planted will be there, ready to grow.
1．How did the author respond to Ms Dinos' suggestion？
A．He ignored the advice.
B．He accepted it willingly.
C．He begged for another chance.
D．He decided to change schools.
2．From paragraph 3, we can learn that .
A．Ms.Dinos could recall the event vividly
B．Ms.Dinos had become a famous teacher
C．the author had the same feeling as Ms.Dinos
D．the author was surprised by Ms.Dinos' reaction
3．What does the underlined word “ignited” mean in paragraph 4？
A．Invited. B．Unfolded.
C．Sparked. D．Displayed.
4．What does the author most likely want to tell us？
A．Seeds need planting.
B．We are all gardeners.
C．Pictures perform miracles.
D．Ms.Dinos predicts the future.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者小时候受到教师Ms.Dinos的鼓舞，老师的话在作者的心中埋下了努力奋斗的种子。多年后，作者成为老师，他也在学生的心中埋下努力向上的种子。
1．C　细节理解题。根据第一段“After a pout (噘嘴), a plea and a prayer, I made a deal, ‘give me the summer and I'll show you！’(在噘嘴、恳求和祈祷之后，我做了一个交易：‘给我一个夏天，我证明给你看！’)”可知，作者请求Ms.Dinos再给他一次机会。故选C。
2．D　细节理解题。根据第三段“Twenty years later, Ms.Dinos and I were reunited on the Internet.However, she didn't remember the event at all.Right then it hit me.That event that meant so much to me was just a singular moment in her well-lived life.(二十年后，Ms.Dinos和我在互联网上重逢。然而，她完全不记得这件事了。也就是在那时让我突然想起，那件对我意义重大的事只是她美好生活中的一个特殊时刻。)”可知，作者对Ms.Dinos的反应感到惊讶。故选D。
3．C　词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“According to her, I once shared a drawing of mine with the class.That student was so moved by the drawing that she wanted to learn to do the same.(据她说，我曾经和全班同学分享过我的一幅画。那个学生被这幅画打动了，她想做同样的事情。)”以及“in her a passion that she later turned into a career”可知，那幅画点燃了那个学生的热情，后来她把这种热情变成了事业。故选C。
4．B　写作意图题。根据最后一段“Now understanding what I do about the power of planting seeds...that seed I planted will be there, ready to grow.(现在我明白了我所做的播种的力量，我抓住每一个机会：与尽可能多的年轻人分享我所能做的。我提供一些智慧或鼓励的话语，但有时只是一个微笑——它会有很大的帮助。我知道有一天，当他们准备好了，我种下的种子就会在那里，准备生长。)”结合文章主要内容可知，作者最有可能想告诉我们：我们都是园丁。故选B。
B
(2024·河南省开封市高三一模)
Fun facts about Antarctica
At the southernmost point of the world, you find Antarctica a giant mass of ice that's its own continent.You, may not know much about the continent, so why not read on
There's a lake that runs blood red in Antarctica.
As though someone has cut into the ice, the properly named Blood Falls come out over the Taylor Glacier.The water is extremely high in iron and salt, and when it comes into contact with the air, it shows the special red color against the pure white surroundings.The water here is three times saltier than ocean water, and therefore, too salty to become ice.
Antarctica has its own treaty (条约)．
Because the environment of Antarctica is so delicate and unique, there is a treaty saying that only peaceful research can be done there.In 1959, 12 countries signed this treaty, with the number now sitting at 53.This also makes it certain that Antarctica doesn't end up being caught in an international conflict, and that the continent is only used for scientific purposes and sensible traveling.The treaty prevents army and nuclear activities, and also mineral mining.
There is a unique phenomenon in Antarctica called diamond dust.
While there are low levels of precipitation (降水) in Antarctica, that doesn't mean the air is clear of nature's beauty! The air is so cold there that moisture (水汽) can condense while air-borne.This results in ice falling to the ground.The sun's light will cause the ice to shine, creating a shining shower called diamond dust.It happens when the skies are clear, known as clear-sky precipitation.
If any of these Antarctic facts have increased your interest in visiting this unique continent, be sure to get in touch with the team at Aurora Expeditions today.
Phone：＋61 (0)2 9252 1033
5．What do we know about the Blood Falls？
A．The water has been polluted.
B．The water comes from a river.
C．The water is rich in iron and salt.
D．The water usually freezes in winter.
6．The last fun fact is mainly about .
A．where moisture comes from
B．how diamond dust is formed
C．where diamond dust can be found
D．how precipitation can be increased
7．What is the text most probably？
A．A tour report.
B．A research plan.
C．An advertisement.
D．An exploration guide.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了一些有关南极的有趣的事实。
5．C　细节理解题。根据第三段“As though someone has cut into the ice, the properly named Blood Falls come out over the Taylor Glacier.The water is extremely high in iron and salt(就像有人凿开了冰一样，泰勒冰川上出现了名副其实的血瀑布。水中的铁和盐含量极高)”可知，“血瀑布”的水中富含铁和盐。故选C。
6．B　推理判断题。根据第七段“The air is so cold there that moisture (水汽) can condense while air-borne.This results in ice falling to the ground.The sun's light will cause the ice to shine, creating a shining shower called diamond dust.(那里的空气很冷，水汽在空气中会凝结。这导致冰落到地面。太阳的光会使冰发光，形成一种闪亮的阵雨，叫做钻石尘。)”可知，该段主要讲述钻石尘是如何形成的。故选B。
7．C　语篇类别题。根据文章内容，结合最后两段“If any of these Antarctic facts have increased your interest in visiting this unique continent, be sure to get in touch with the team at Aurora Expeditions today.(如果这些南极的事实增加了您参观这片独特大陆的兴趣，请务必今天与Aurora Expeditions取得联系。)”和“Phone：＋61 (0)29252 1033”可知，文章是一篇广告。故选C。
C
(2024·江苏省徐州市高三打靶卷)
UK's Best Long-Distance Walks
Hadrian's Wall Trail
Entire length：83 miles
You can see the rich Roman history along the way, not just the wall itself, but also remains of important Roman forts and good museums.This walk brings you scenic variety that stretches from the modern cityscapes to the sandstone shades, and from the wasteland heights to green rural scenes.
Great Glen Way
Entire length：73 miles
The Great Glen Way long-distance trail passes the foot of the UK's highest mountain, follows the lakeside of Loch Ness, and crosses the Scottish Highlands.The castles scattered along the way are witness to Scotland's past.
Coast to Coast Walk
Entire length：192 miles
The Coast to Coast, one of Britain's classic walking routes, was originated and described by Alfred Wainwright, author of a well-known series of mountain-walking guide books.Walk this trail for the feeling of crossing England from the Irish Sea to the North Sea, and to explore the national parks of the Lake District.
Channel Island Way
Entire length：110 miles
This long-distance walk along the islands to the south of England takes you island hopping to see well preserved WWII fortifications, rugged cliffs, quiet villages and a fantastic range of pubs.Each of the eight Channel Islands has their own separate character.
8．What is special about the Hadrian's Wall Trail？
A．Roman history.
B．Rural life.
C．Beautiful landscapes.
D．Coastal scenery.
9．What do Great Glen Way and Coast to Coast Walk have in common？
A．Passing by castles.
B．Enjoying lake scenery.
C．Crossing highlands.
D．Lying in national parks.
10．Who will be most interested in this leaflet？
A．Catherine, who is fond of reading.
B．Julie, who enjoys taking photos.
C．Andrew, who is interested in history.
D．Tommy, who likes outdoor activities.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇应用文，主要向我们介绍了英国四条最好的长途步行路线。
8．A　细节理解题。根据第一段“You can see the rich Roman history along the way, not just the wall itself, but also remains of important Roman forts and good museums.(你可以在沿途看到丰富的罗马历史，不仅是城墙本身，还有重要的罗马堡垒和好的博物馆的遗迹。)”可知，在这个长途步行路线上可以了解罗马历史。故选A。
9．B　细节理解题。根据第二段“The Great Glen Way long-distance trail passes the foot of the UK's highest mountain, follows the lakeside of Loch Ness, and crosses the Scottish Highlands.(大谷路的长跑小径经过英国最高的山脚下，沿着尼斯湖的湖边，穿过苏格兰高地。)”和第三段“Walk this trail for the feeling of crossing England from the Irish Sea to the North Sea, and to explore the national parks of the Lake District.(走这条小径，可以从爱尔兰海到北海，探索湖区的国家公园。)”可知，在两个路线上，都可以欣赏到湖景。故选B。
10．D　读者对象题。根据标题“UK's Best Long-Distance Walks”可知本文主要向我们介绍了英国四条最佳的长途步行路线，所以对本文最感兴趣的应该是户外运动爱好者。故选D。
主旨大意类
A
(2024·广东省湛江市高三一模)
For the history of life on Earth, organisms have relied on the light of the sun, moon, and stars to find their way and schedule their lives.While the beginning of electric lighting in the late 19th century may have benefited humans, it has caused problems in the natural world.Among the impacts of artificial light at night(ALAN), light pollution lures migrating birds to cities with shocking consequences, contributes to the alarming decline in insect populations, and convinces sea turtle babies to amble(缓行)away from the water instead of towards it.
Now, a new study from the University of Plymouth adds another disappointing finding about how ALAN is affecting the creatures with whom we share the planet：Light pollution from coastal cities can trick corals(珊瑚)into reproducing outside of the optimum times when they would normally reproduce.
Using a combination of light pollution data and spawning(产卵)observations, researchers were able to show for the first time that corals exposed to ALAN are spawning one to three days earlier and closer to the full moon compared to those on unlit corals.“That shift may reduce the survival and fertilization success of gametes(配子)and genetic connectivity between nearby lit and unlit coral systems，” they explain.
“Corals are among the most biodiverse, economically important, and threatened ecosystems on the planet，” write the authors of the study.
“Climate change has led to mass bleaching(褪色)events.Habitat destruction, fisheries, and pollution have reduced corals substantially since the 1950s，” they write, adding, “The complete loss of corals is anticipated over the next 100 years.”
If we want to reduce the harm ALAN is causing, we could perhaps look to delay the switching-on of night-time lighting in coastal regions to ensure the natural dark period between sunset and moonrise when coral reproduction remains undisturbed.
1．Why is the first paragraph written？
A．To present the topic of the text.
B．To advocate energy conservation.
C．To explain a natural phenomenon.
D．To provide background information.
2．What does the underlined word “optimum” in paragraph 2 mean？
A．Possible. B．Appropriate.
C．Flexible. D．Sensitive.
3．What is the researchers' major concern over corals？
A．Extinction.
B．Losing value.
C．Terrible diseases.
D．Exposure to moonlight.
4．What can be a suitable title for the text？
A．Creatures Rely on Natural Lights to Schedule Their Life
B．Night-time Lighting Shortens Natural Dark Period
C．Coastal Lights Trick Corals into Early Spawning
D．Light Pollution Leads to Serious Consequences
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了海滨城市的照明对珊瑚的影响，这些照明产生的光会使珊瑚比不受光污染的珊瑚产卵早，从而对其产生不利影响。
1．D　写作意图题。根据第一段“For the history of life on Earth...and convinces sea turtle babies to amble(缓行)away from the water instead of towards it.(在地球上生命的历史中，生物一直依靠太阳、月亮和星星的光来找到自己的路，安排自己的生活。虽然19世纪末开始的电灯可能给人类带来了好处，但它也给自然界带来了问题。在夜间人造光(ALAN)的影响中，光污染将候鸟吸引到城市，带来令人震惊的后果，导致昆虫数量惊人的下降，并使海龟宝宝远离水而不是靠近水。)”可知，第一段介绍了始于19世纪末的人造光源对自然产生的不好的影响，目的是提供背景信息。故选D。
2．B　词句猜测题。根据“when they would normally reproduce(当它们正常繁殖的时候)”修饰the optimum time可知，the optimum times指的是珊瑚正常的繁殖时间。故选B。
3．A　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“The complete loss of corals is anticipated over the next 100 years.(预计珊瑚将在未来100年内完全消失。)”可知，研究人员最大的担心是珊瑚的灭绝。故选A。
4．C　标题归纳题。通读全文，特别根据第二段“Now, a new study from the University of Plymouth adds another disappointing ...when they would normally reproduce.(现在，普利茅斯大学的一项新研究增加了另一个令人失望的发现，即ALAN如何影响与我们共享地球的生物：沿海城市的光污染会诱使珊瑚在正常繁殖的最佳时间之外繁殖。)”可知，本文主要介绍了海滨城市的照明产生的光会使珊瑚比不受光污染的珊瑚产卵早，从而对其产生不利影响，因此C项“海岸灯光诱使珊瑚提早产卵”为合适的标题。故选C。
B
(2024·山东省聊城市高三一模)
Crowded streets, noise, and unattractive grey buildings can be boring and stressful.A solution to such problems may lie in nature, which can have calming and renewing power.
Introducing vegetation or colorful designs may make cities more livable.However, growing plants or covering buildings in paint to test these approaches is expensive and inconvenient.Moreover, studying these phenomena outdoors can be tricky, as many factors can affect the final results.“Measuring pleasure and motivation in natural settings is extremely hard，” explained Prof.Yvonne Delevoye-Turrell of the University of Lille.“Human reactions are sensitive to environmental changes, such as weather or traffic.Consequently, we used virtual reality to measure reactions to these factors in a virtual urban space.”
Using virtual reality, the team created an immersive (沉浸式的) urban environment with either no vegetation or some green vegetation, as well as introduced colorful patterns onto a path.Then they invited students to participate in the study.Wearing a VR headset and walking on the spot, the students spent time exploring the virtual environment.To find out where the volunteers were looking and for how long, each headset included an eye tracker.
The researchers found that the students walked more slowly when there was green vegetation present in the experiment, and their heart rate increased.They would spend less time looking at the ground and more time observing their surroundings.These results indicate a pleasurable experience.Bright color patterns alone did not have quite the same uplifting effect as the green vegetation, but they inspired interest and passion of the students and attracted their stare while increasing their heart rate.
Virtual reality could be a valuable tool for urban planners, enabling them to virtually test the impact of various factors.In the future, the researchers hope to make the VR experience even more immersive to obtain the most accurate results.
5．What does Delevoye-Turrell think is difficult for the solution to boring city life？
A．Sensing people's reactions to pleasure.
B．Having reasonable designs for buildings.
C．Applying VR technology to city planning.
D．Testing the effects in the real world.
6．How does virtual reality work in the study？
A．By creating an immersive virtual urban environment.
B．By inviting students to walk in the street.
C．By covering the path with colorful patterns.
D．By creating virtual participants.
7．What can be inferred about bright color patterns？
A．They guided students to find greens in real life.
B．They helped students control their strong emotions.
C．They awakened students' enthusiasm.
D．They weakened the impact of vegetation.
8．What is the main idea of the text？
A．City buildings take pleasure away from people.
B．Nature empowers people in special ways.
C．VR helps test the effect of colors and greens in cities.
D．Colors and greens in cities promote human health.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了利用虚拟现实创造虚拟的城市环境来帮助测试自然对人的影响的研究。
5．D　细节理解题。根据第一段“Crowded streets...which can have calming and renewing power.(拥挤的街道、噪音和没有吸引力的灰色建筑会让人感到无聊和压力。解决这些问题的办法可能在于大自然，它具有镇静和恢复活力的力量。)”和第二段“‘Measuring pleasure and motivation in natural...of Lille.’(Lille大学的Yvonne Delevoye-Turrell教授解释说：‘在自然环境中测量快乐和动机是非常困难的。’)”可知，解决无聊的城市生活的办法的困难在于在现实世界中测试它的效果。故选D。
6．A　细节理解题。根据第三段“Using virtual reality, the team created an immersive (沉浸式的) urban environment with either no vegetation or some green vegetation, as well as introduced colorful patterns onto a path.(利用虚拟现实技术，该团队创造了一个沉浸式的城市环境，要么没有植被，要么有一些绿色植被，并在路径上引入了彩色图案。)”可知，虚拟现实通过创造一个沉浸式的虚拟城市环境在研究中发挥作用。故选A。
7．C　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Bright color patterns alone did not have quite the same uplifting effect as the green vegetation, but they inspired interest and passion of the students and attracted their stare while increasing their heart rate.(明亮的色彩图案本身并没有绿色植被那么令人振奋的效果，但它们激发了学生们的兴趣和激情，吸引了他们的目光，同时增加了他们的心率。)”可知，鲜艳的色彩图案唤醒了学生的激情。故选C。
8．C　文章大意题。通读全文，尤其根据第二段“Consequently, we used virtual reality to measure reactions to these factors in a virtual urban space.(因此，我们使用虚拟现实来测量在虚拟城市空间中对这些因素的反应。)”可知，本文主要讲的是利用虚拟现实创造虚拟的城市环境来帮助测试自然对人的影响的研究，因此本文的主旨是C选项“VR helps test the effect of colors and greens in cities.(VR有助于测试城市中颜色和绿色的效果。)”。故选C。
C
(2024·河北省泊头市八县联考高三一模)
“Moja, mbili, tatu...” One, two, three.Juliana Rubashai is counting aloud to show what she has learned in school.Delighted and proud, she counts to 20, but her mother, Zefrina Nandia, adds that Juliana can keep counting, and that she also can do some reading.
Nine-year-old Juliana is one of the children who have received aid through a project run by International Aid Services(IAS)in southwestern Tanzania, where many children stay at home all day, cut off from social contact and schooling.The project improves school facilities and raises local community's awareness about education.They train teachers and lobby(游说)the local authorities.In these ways, IAS is struggling to ensure basic education for everyone.
Zefrina was contacted last year by project coordinator Fortunatus Rafael, who gets in touch with families to get an overview of children's needs and school options.Zefrina had previously asked the local school to enroll Juliana, but was turned down due to lack of resources.Thanks to the project, the school can offer chances to more children.
Part of the project is training teachers in special needs education.Many teachers have received additional training in estimating the degree of a child's disability.During the first year of the project, 270 children with special needs have been evaluated, and of these, 200 got the chance to go to school.The teachers Scolastica Nyoni and Bwigane Mwasipu both appreciate how it has strengthened their skills.“When teaching children with special needs, we know whom to pay extra attention to.This means a closer relation between teachers and students，” says Scolastica.
It's a year since Juliana got into the classroom, and her mother notices definite improvement.“She used to be lonely and unhappy.Now, she's much happier and always wants to go to school，” says Zefrina.The teachers also notice big changes have taken place in the local community.“Parents are now coming to us to find teachers to teach their children with special needs.Previously, they didn't think that schooling would be possible for these children，” says Bwigane.
9．What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about？
A．The life of a Tanzanian girl named Juliana.
B．The challenges faced by Tanzanian children.
C．The success story of a school project in Tanzania.
D．IAS's efforts to improve educational access in Tanzania.
10．What does the underlined word “enroll” in paragraph 3 probably mean？
A．Assess. B．Award.
C．Accept. D．Contact.
11．What do the teachers think of the IAS's project？
A．It helps the teachers know their students better.
B．It improves the relationship between the teachers.
C．It offers assistance to the teachers with special needs.
D．It provides disabled students with a chance to recover.
12．How does the IAS's project benefit the community？
A．Disadvantaged children receive financial support.
B．The overall awareness of education is raised.
C．More schools are willing to admit local children.
D．Belief in government's policies is strengthened.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文，讲述了国际援助服务(IAS)在坦桑尼亚西南部开展的一个项目。该项目改善学校设施，提高当地社区的教育意识，培训教师并游说地方当局。通过这些方式，努力确保每个人都能接受基础教育。
9．D　段落大意题。根据第二段“Nine-year-old Juliana is one of the children...IAS is struggling to ensure basic education for everyone.(9岁的朱莉安娜是通过国际援助服务(IAS)在坦桑尼亚西南部开展的一个项目获得援助的孩子之一。在那里，许多孩子整天待在家里，与社会接触和上学隔绝。该项目改善了学校设施，提高了当地社区的教育意识。他们培训教师并游说地方当局。通过这些方式，IAS正在努力确保每个人都能接受基础教育。)”可知，本段主要讲述IAS为改善坦桑尼亚的教育机会所作的努力。故选D。
10．C　词句猜测题。根据“but was turned down due to lack of resources.Thanks to the project, the school can offer chances to more children.(但由于缺乏资源被拒绝了。由于这个项目，学校可以为更多的孩子提供机会。)”可知，想要学校接收朱莉安娜，但是学校由于资源缺乏，不能接收更多的孩子。故选C。
11．A　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“The teachers ...says Scolastica.(教师Scolastica Nyoni和Bwigane Mwasipu都很感激这一课程如何提高了他们的技能。Scolastica说：‘在教育有特殊需要的孩子时，我们知道应该特别注意谁。这意味着师生之间的关系更加密切。’)”可知，这个项目让老师们可以更好地了解他们的学生。故选A。
12．B　推理判断题。根据最后一段“The teachers also notice big changes...says Bwigane.(老师们还注意到当地社区发生了巨大变化。Bwigane说：‘家长们现在来找我们找老师来教他们有特殊需要的孩子。以前，他们认为这些孩子不可能上学。’)”可知，这个项目让当地人的教育意识全面提高了。故选B。
词句猜测类
A
(2024·广东省深圳市高三一模)
I used to believe that only words could catch the essence of the human soul.The literary works contained such distinct stories that they shaped the way we saw the world.Words were what composed the questions we sought to uncover and the answers to those questions themselves.Words were everything.
That belief changed.
In an ordinary math class, my teacher posed a simple question：What's 0.99 rounded to the nearest whole number？Easy.When rounded to the nearest whole number, 0.99＝1.Somehow, I thought even though 0.99 is only 0.01 away from 1, there's still a 0.01 difference.That means even if two things are only a little different, they are still different, so doesn't that make them completely different
My teacher answered my question by presenting another equation (等式)：1＝ 0.9, which could also be expressed as 1＝0.99999....repeating itself without ever ending.
There was something mysterious but fascinating about the equation.The left side was unchangeable, objective：it contained a number that ended.On the right was something endless, number repeating itself limitless times.Yet, somehow, these two opposed things were connected by an equal sign.
Lying in bed, I thought about how much the equation paralleled our existence.The left side of the equation represents that sometimes life itself is so unchangeable and so clear.The concrete, whole number of the day when you were born and the day when you would die.But then there is that gap in between life and death.The right side means a time and space full of limitless possibilities, and endless opportunities into the open future.
So that's what life is.Objective but imaginative.Unchangeable but limitless.Life is an equation with two sides that balances itself out.Still, we can't ever truly seem to put the perfect words to it.So possibly numbers can express ideas as equally well as words can.For now, let's leave it at that：1＝ 0.99999...and live a life like it.
1．What does the author emphasize about words in paragraph 1？
A．Their wide variety.
B．Their literary origins.
C．Their distinct sounds.
D．Their expressive power.
2．What made the author find the equation fascinating？
A．The repetition of a number.
B．The way two different numbers are equal.
C．The question the teacher raised.
D．The difference between the two numbers.
3．Which of the following can replace the underlined word “paralleled” in paragraph 6？
A．Measured. B．Composed.
C．Mirrored. D．Influenced.
4．What is a suitable title for the text？
A．The Perfect Equation
B．Numbers Build Equations
C．An Attractive Question
D．Words Outperform Numbers
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲的是作者在数学课上学了一个等式后的一些感悟。
1．D　推理判断题。根据第一段“I used to believe that only words could catch the essence of the human soul.The literary works contained such distinct stories that they shaped the way we saw the world.Words were what composed the questions we sought to uncover and the answers to those questions themselves.(我曾经相信，只有语言才能捕捉到人类灵魂的本质。文学作品包含了如此独特的故事，它们塑造了我们看待世界的方式。文字构成了我们试图揭示的问题，以及这些问题本身的答案。)”可知，在第一段作者主要强调了语言的表达力量。故选D。
2．B　推理判断题。根据第四段“There was something mysterious but fascinating about the equation.The left side was unchangeable, objective...these two opposed things were connected by an equal sign.(这个方程式神秘而迷人。左边是不变的、客观的：它包含一个结束的数字。右边是无穷无尽的东西，数字无限重复。然而，不知怎么的，这两个相反的东西被一个等号连接起来了。)”可知，作者觉得这个等式很迷人，因为数字虽然不同，但是却被等号连接起来了。由此推知，让作者觉得这个等式迷人的是两个不同的数相等的方式。故选B。
3．C　词句猜测题。根据画线词下文“The left side of the equation represents that sometimes life itself is so unchangeable and so clear.The concrete, whole number of the day when you were born and the day when you would die.But then there is that gap in between life and death.(等式的左边表示有时候生命本身是如此的不可改变，如此的清晰。你出生的日期和你死亡的日期的具体整数。但是生与死之间有一段距离。)”可知，作者躺在床上思考的是这个等式与我们的存在是多么相似。故选C。
4．A　标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其根据第四段“My teacher answered my question by presenting another equation...repeating itself without ever ending.(我的老师给出了另一个等式：1＝ 0.9，也可以表示为1＝0.99999……不断重复，没有尽头。)”和第五段“There was something mysterious but...opposed things were connected by an equal sign.”可知，本文主要讲的是作者在数学课上学了一个等式后的一些感悟，最恰当的标题是A选项“The Perfect Equation(完美的等式)”。故选A。
B
(2024·江西省萍乡市高三二模)
Curiosity is the driving force behind our development and even our success.But it can also be dangerous, leading to setbacks or even downfalls, so why are humans so curious？Do scientists even have a definition for this inborn drive
Actually, there isn't one set in the stone.Psychologists agree curiosity isn't about satisfying an immediate need, like hunger or thirst; rather, it's intrinsically (内在地) motivated.Curiosity covers such large set of behaviors that there probably isn't any single “curiosity gene” that makes humans wonder about and explore their environment.Genes and the environment interact in many complex ways to shape individuals and guide their behavior, including their curiosity.
Regardless of their genetic makeup, infants have to learn an incredible amount of information in a short time, and curiosity is one of the tools humans have found to accomplish that huge task.In a classic study, a psychologist showed that infants between 2 months and 6 months old grew less and less interested in a complex visual pattern the more they looked at it.But curiosity often comes with a cost.In some situations, the risks are low and failure is a healthy part of growth.For instance, many babies are perfectly proficient crawlers, but they decide to try walking because there's more to see and do when they stand upright.But this milestone comes at a small cost.A study of 12-to 19-month-olds learning how to walk documented that these children fell down a lot.Seventeen times per hour, to be exact.But walking is faster than crawling, so this motivates expert crawlers to transition to walking.
Sometimes, however, testing out a new idea can lead to disaster.For instance, the Inuit people of the Arctic regions have created incredible modes to deal with the challenges of living in northern climates, but what we forget about are the tens of thousands of people that tried and failed to make it in those challenging landscapes.
5．What does the underlined sentence mean in paragraph 2？
A．Curiosity is hard to define.
B．Humans are not afraid of setbacks.
C．Scientists are not curious about the stone.
D．Curiosity isn't the driving force behind growth.
6．What do psychologists agree about the nature of curiosity？
A．Sets of behaviors guide curiosity.
B．Immediate needs drive curiosity.
C．External factors determine curiosity.
D．Genes and environment work together on curiosity.
7．What contributes to babies' growing milestones？
A．They prefer novelty.
B．They fear failures.
C．They desire to achieve tasks.
D．They make their own decisions.
8．Why does the author mention the Inuit people in the last paragraph？
A．To prove how curiosity helped them survive.
B．To show curiosity may come with a high price.
C．To describe why Inuit people needed curiosity.
D．To show how Inuit people overcame the challenges.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了好奇心的难以定义以及好奇心对人类发展的影响。
5．A　句意猜测题。根据“Curiosity covers such large set of behaviors that there probably isn't any single ‘curiosity gene’ that makes humans wonder about and explore their environment.(好奇心涵盖了如此广泛的行为，以至于可能没有任何单一的‘好奇心基因’使人类好奇和探索他们的环境。)”可知，好奇心涵盖了广泛的行为，很难定义。故选A。
6．D　细节理解题。根据第二段“Genes and the environment interact in many complex ways to shape individuals and guide their behavior, including their curiosity.(基因和环境以许多复杂的方式相互作用，塑造个体并指导他们的行为，包括他们的好奇心。)”可知，关于好奇心的本质，心理学家的共识是基因和环境共同作用于好奇心。故选D。
7．A　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“For instance, many babies are perfectly proficient crawlers, but they decide to try walking because there's more to see and do when they stand upright.But this milestone comes at a small cost.(例如，许多婴儿是非常熟练的爬行者，但他们决定尝试走路，因为当他们站直时，有更多的东西可以看和做。但这一里程碑的代价很小。)”可知，喜欢新鲜事物促成了婴儿的成长里程碑。故选A。
8．B　推理判断题。根据最后一段“Sometimes, however, testing out a new idea can lead to disaster.For instance, the Inuit people of the Arctic regions have created incredible modes to deal with the challenges of living in northern climates, but what we forget about are the tens of thousands of people that tried and failed to make it in those challenging landscapes.(然而，有时候，测试一个新想法可能会导致灾难。例如，北极地区的因纽特人创造了令人难以置信的模式来应对生活在北方气候下的挑战，但我们忘记了成千上万的人在那些充满挑战的景观中尝试并失败了。)”可知，作者在最后一段提到因纽特人是为了表明好奇心可能要付出很高的代价。故选B。
C
(2024·内蒙古呼和浩特市高三一模)
The Asch Conformity Experiments, conducted by psychologist Solomon Asch in the 1950s, demonstrated the power of conformity(从众) in groups and showed that even simple objective facts cannot resist the pressure of group influence.
In the experiments, groups of university students were asked to participate in a perception test.In reality, all but one of the participants were “confederates”， cooperators with the experimenter who only pretended to be participants.The study was about how the remaining student would react to the behavior of the other “participants”．
The participants of the experiment were presented with a card with a simple vertical (垂直) black line on it.Then, they were given a second card with three lines of varying length labeled A, B and
C．One line on the second card was the same length as that on the first, and the other two lines were obviously longer and shorter.
Participants were asked to state out loud in front of each other which line, A, B or C, matched the length of the line on the first card.In each experimental case, the confederates answered first, and the real participant was seated so that he would answer last.In some cases, the confederates answered correctly, while in others, they answered incorrectly.
Asch intended to see if the real participant would be pressured to answer incorrectly in the instances when the confederates did so, or whether their belief in their own perception and correctness would outweigh the social pressure provided by the responses of the other group members.
Asch found that one-third of real participants gave the same wrong answers as the confederates at least half the time.Forty percent gave some wrong answers, and only one-fourth gave correct answers in defiance of the pressure to conform to the wrong answers provided by the group.
In interviews following the trials, Asch found that for those who answered incorrectly, in conformance with the group, some believed that the answers given by the confederates were correct, some thought that they were suffering a lapse(失误) in perception when they originally had the answer different from the group, and others admitted that they knew that they had the correct answer, but conformed to the incorrect answer because they didn't want to break from the majority.
9．What are the participants asked to do in the experiment？
A．Label the cards with different letters.
B．Pick out two lines of the same length.
C．State the reason for matching the cards.
D．Identify the longest vertical black line.
10．What's paragraph 5 mainly about？
A．The result of the experiment.
B．The design of the experiment.
C．The purpose of the experiment.
D．The procedure of the experiment.
11．What does the underlined part “in defiance of” in paragraph 6 mean？
A．In spite of. B．For fear of.
C．In response to. D．On account of.
12．Why did the real participants give a wrong answer？
A．They misunderstood the question.
B．They believed their own judgment.
C．They failed to resist group influence.
D．They wanted to be different from others.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了心理学家索洛蒙·阿什的实验揭示了从众行为的力量，有些参与者选择错误答案是出于遵循大多数人的心理，而放弃了自己正确的判断。
9．B　细节理解题。根据第四段“Participants were asked to state out loud in front of each other which line, A, B or C, matched the length of the line on the first card.(参与者被要求在对方面前大声说出A, B或C中的哪条线与第一张卡片上的线的长度相匹配。)”可知，参与者被要求在实验中找出两条长度相同的线。故选B。
10．C　段落大意题。根据第五段“Asch intended to see if the real participant would be pressured to answer ...of the other group members.(Asch想看看真正的参与者是否会在同伴回答错误的情况下受到压力，或者他们对自己的看法和正确性的信念是否会超过其他小组成员的回答所带来的社会压力。) ”可知，Asch是要通过实验来看一下参与者面对压力的反应，即本段主要讲的是实验的目的。故选C。
11．A　词语猜测题。根据第六段“Asch found that one-third of real participants gave the same wrong answers as the confederates at least half the time.Forty percent gave some wrong answers (Asch发现，三分之一的真实参与者至少有一半的时间给出了与同伙相同的错误答案。40%的人给出了一些错误的答案)”可知，这是在描述受到压力影响的人给出的答案，再由only一词可知，接下来谈的应该是不顾压力影响的人给出的答案。故选A。
12．C　细节理解题。根据最后一段“others admitted that they knew that they had the correct answer, but conformed to the incorrect answer because they didn't want to break from the majority (一些人承认他们知道自己有正确的答案，但因为不想与大多数人决裂而遵从了错误的答案)”可知，真正的参与者给出了错误的答案是因为他们未能抵制群体的影响。故选C。
应用文类
A
(2024·青海省海东市高三一模)
Discover the Huge Health Benefits of Strength Training
One of the best ways to stay fit and healthy as you age is to do strength and power training exercises.It is known that when you are in your thirties, you will begin to lose muscle mass.This loss actually contributes to achy joints, the increased risk of injury, and the “middle-age spread” we all fear.What's more, the older you get, the faster muscle mass loses.It means that eventually, simple tasks like getting out of a chair and climbing stairs can become more difficult.
Strength training can help you build muscles, make you strong, increase your staying power and make everyday activities easier.By combining strength and power training exercises, you'll not only get stronger, but also improve your reaction speed.As you grow older, that's critical because it can help prevent falls.Here is a book, Strength and Power Training for All Ages, for your reference.
Common sense about fitness in the book：
·The key muscles to work for an injury-free body
·How to tell how much weight is suitable for you
·How to strengthen the bones most likely to break
·How to take pressure off your knees when walking or running
·Why you'll want to apply heat to sore joints before you exercise
Four total body workouts in the book：
·Build bones
·Fight diseases
·Improve balance
·Strengthen muscles & increase muscle power
Get a copy, start training, and then you'll discover a whole new self.
1．What will happen as people age according to paragraph 1？
A．They will need less exercise.
B．They will improve reaction speed.
C．They will experience muscle loss.
D．They will have better staying power.
2．What does Strength and Power Training for All Ages mainly teach people to do？
A．Train their brains.
B．Build a sound body.
C．Treat bone diseases.
D．Cut down their weight.
3．What is the text？
A．A notice. B．An oral folktale.
C．A scientific paper. D．An advertisement.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇应用文。文章主要给读者推荐《所有年龄段的力量训练》这本书。
1．C　细节理解题。由第一段“It is known that when you are in your thirties...the faster muscle mass loses.(众所周知，当你在30多岁的时候，你会开始失去肌肉。这种损失实际上会导致关节疼痛，受伤的风险增加，以及我们都害怕的‘中年传播’。更重要的是，你年纪越大，肌肉流失得越快。)”可知，随着年龄的增长，人们将经历肌肉损失。故选C。
2．B　细节理解题。由第二段“Strength training can help you build muscles...for your reference.(力量训练可以帮助你锻炼肌肉，使你强壮，增加你的耐力，使日常活动更容易。通过结合力量训练，你不仅会变得更强壮，还会提高你的反应速度。随着年龄的增长，这是至关重要的，因为它可以帮助防止跌倒。这里有一本书，《所有年龄段的力量训练》，供你参考。)”可知，《所有年龄段的力量训练》主要教人们建立一个健全的身体。故选B。
3．D　语篇类别题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了力量锻炼和《所有年龄段的力量训练》这本书对力量锻炼的好处，结合最后一段“Get a copy, start training, and then you'll discover a whole new self.(买一本，开始训练，然后你会发现一个全新的自己。)”推知，本文是一则宣传书的广告。故选D。
B
(2024·河北省保定市九校高三二模)
North Rim to reopen on June 2 with
limited services available
News Release Date：May 17, 2023
Contact：Jo lle Baird, 928-606-3154
Grand Canyon, Ariz
The North Rim of Grand Canyon National Park will open as scheduled, on June 2, with limited visitor services and water conservation measures due to a break in the North Rim water pipeline.A landslide from winter storms destroyed more than 300 feet of the North Rim water pipeline.
Visitor Services
The Grand Canyon Lodge will operate day-use services with limited food and beverage service beginning on June 2.No overnight accommodations will be available until at least July 23, 2023.
The North Rim Campground, managed by the National Park Service, will operate as scheduled beginning on June 9 with potable drinking water and toilets available.The public laundry and shower facilities will not be open at least through July 23, 2023.
The North Rim Visitor Center and Grand Canyon Conservancy's bookstore open as usual, 8 a．m. to 6 p．m. daily, with a variety of ranger programs offered.
Visitors exploring the North Rim this summer should be self-sufficient and should bring adequate food and water for the day as services are limited and may be subject to change.Nearby, accommodating is available at the Kaibab Lodge and food services and fuel at the North Rim Country Store.Year-round accommodating, food services and fuel are located 45 miles north of the North Rim at Jacob Lake.As a result of substantial winter rockfall and landslides, trail (步道) repair work on the North Kaibab Trail continues.There is a trail closure in effect on the North Kaibab Trail and it will officially reopen on June 16, 2023.
4．Which was not affected and opens as usual？
A．The public laundry.
B．The Grand Canyon Lodge.
C．The North Kaibab Trail.
D．The North Rim Visitor Center.
5．What can we learn about the North Kaibab Trail from the text？
A．It offers food service.
B．It is around Jacob Lake.
C．It is under repair now.
D．It opens all the year around.
6．What is the purpose of the text？
A．To warn visitors of the oncoming landslide.
B．To inform visitors of schedules of some attractions.
C．To appeal to more visitors to the Grand Canyon National Park.
D．To advertise the products of the Grand Canyon National Park.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了美国大峡谷公园景点北缘因山体滑坡而对游览的时间和路线做出的调整。
4．D　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“The North Rim Visitor Center and Grand Canyon Conservancy's bookstore open as usual, 8 a．m. to 6 p．m. daily, with a variety of ranger programs offered.(北缘游客中心和大峡谷保护协会的书店照常营业，每天早上8点到下午6点，提供各种护林员项目。)”可知，北缘游客中心和大峡谷保护协会里的书店照常开放，没有调整。故选D。
5．C　细节理解题。根据最后一段“As a result of substantial winter rockfall and landslides, trail (步道) repair work on the North Kaibab Trail continues.(由于冬季大量的岩崩和山体滑坡，北凯巴布步道的道路修复工作仍在继续。)”可知，北凯巴布步道的修复工作仍在继续。故选C。
6．B　推理判断题。根据Grand Canyon, Ariz部分中“The North Rim of Grand Canyon National Park will open as scheduled, on June 2, with limited visitor services and water conservation measures due to a break in the North Rim water pipeline.(大峡谷国家公园北缘将于6月2日如期开放，但由于北缘输水管道断裂，游客服务受到限制，并采取了节约用水的措施。)”及全文内容可知，本文写作目的是为了告诉游客美国大峡谷公园景点北缘因山体滑坡而对游览的时间和路线做出的调整。故选B。
C
(2024·江西省南昌市高三一模)
Elite Summer School Program for
High School Students
Harvard's Elite Program for high school students is an intensive two-week summer program designed to give you a glimpse of college life.You will live on the Harvard campus during your two-week session while taking a college-level course with other Elite Program students.
The application for Summer 2024 is now open.
Cost：$5,550＋$75 application fee
2024 Session Ⅰ：June 23—July 5, 2024
2024 Session Ⅱ：July 7—19, 2024
2024 Session Ⅲ：July 21—August 2, 2024
Who Can Participate in the Elite Program
Harvard's Elite Program is designed for mature, academically motivated students who are interested in exploring a potential major or simply finding out what college is really like.
Our Elite Program is open to rising juniors and seniors.To be qualified for Summer 2024, you must meet both of the following criteria：
Will graduate from high school and enter college in 2025 or 2026.
Are at least 16 years old by June 22, 2024, and will not turn 19 years old before July 31, 2024.
Important Deadlines：
Early Application and Priority Financial Aid Deadline—January 10, 2024
Regular Application and Financial Aid Deadline—February 14, 2024
Late Application Deadline—April 10, 2024
See the Elite Program Calendar for all important dates and deadlines.
7．Who can be the applicant for the Elite Program 2024？
A．Lucy, 14, with excellent academic performance.
B．Jerry, 16, expected to enter college in 2025.
C．Tina, 17, a college student with broad interests.
D．Tim, 19, an office worker with motivation to learn.
8．When is Priority Financial Aid Application available？
A．April 10, 2024. B．February 14, 2024.
C．January 9, 2024. D．July 23, 2024.
9．Where is this text most likely from？
A．A news report. B．A travel brochure.
C．An academic paper. D．A college website.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了哈佛大学的高中学生精英暑期学校项目。
7．B　推理判断题。由Who Can Participate in the Elite Program？部分中“Will graduate from high school and enter college in 2025 or 2026.(将于2025年或2026年高中毕业并进入大学。)”和“Are at least 16 years old by June 22,2024, and will not turn 19 years old before July 31,2024.(2024年6月22日前年满16岁，2024年7月31日前未满19岁。)”可知，16岁的预计将于2025年进入大学的杰瑞可以成为2024年精英计划的申请人。故选B。
8．C　推理判断题。由Important Deadlines部分中“Early Application and Priority Financial Aid Deadline—January 10, 2024 (早期申请和优先经济援助截止日期为2024年1月10日)”可知，2024年1月9日可以申请优先经济援助。故选C。
9．D　语篇出处题。通读全文，尤其根据第一段“Harvard's Elite Program for high school students...with other Elite Program students.(哈佛大学针对高中生的精英项目是一个为期两周的暑期强化项目，旨在让你了解大学生活。在为期两周的课程期间，你将住在哈佛校园，与其他精英项目的学生一起学习大学水平的课程。)”可知，文章主要介绍了哈佛大学的高中学生精英暑期学校项目，因此最有可能来自一个大学网站。故选D。
记叙文类
A
(2024·福建省南平市高三二模)
At an antiques store near their home, Michael, 11, and his brother Mauro, 9, encountered a link to a real national hero accidentally.
While searching through military memorabilia (纪念品), the boys had unearthed a Purple Heart, a Bronze Star, and a Good Conduct Medal bearing the name Charles J．George.The shop's owner said the medals were worth hundreds of dollars, but he agreed to let the boys have them for free on one condition：that they return the awards to the soldier's family.
The brothers found a Charles George online in the National Purple Heart Hall of Honor database, but the listing didn't show a middle name or an initial.After searching military records at the library and online with no luck, Michael and Mauro found a YouTube video of a memorial service for George conducted in his hometown, Cherokee, by a local service officer Warren Dupree.The boys e-mailed Dupree, who responded with details about the heroic act that earned George the medals.During a war, George died after throwing himself on a bomb to save two fellow soldiers.
As for the middle initial J, the brothers learned that Cherokee don't take middle names—Charles George had adopted his father's name, Jacob, as a middle name just in case he would need it to join the army.The mystery was solved.
Dupree invited the brothers to Cherokee to present the medals to George's family a few months later.“It felt so good to give the medals back，” says Michael, who wants to write a children's book about the hunt for Charles J．George.“It was an honor，” adds his brother.
1．What can be inferred about the shop owner？
A．He cared about his credit.
B．He wanted to donate the medals.
C．He admired national heroes.
D．He tried to test the young visitors.
2．What ultimately contributed to the return of the medals？
A．Military records. B．A YouTube video.
C．Online database. D．The fellow soldiers.
3．Which of the following best describes the brothers？
A．Creative and generous.
B．Ambitious and talented.
C．Determined and trustworthy.
D．Intelligent and knowledgeable.
4．What is the text mainly about？
A．The value of the medals.
B．The influence of a hero.
C．The journey of treasure hunt.
D．The discovery of a hidden past.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了迈克尔和弟弟毛罗在搜寻军事纪念品时，发现了一枚印有名字的勋章，在YouTube的帮助下，他们最终找到了奖章的获得者，并将奖章还给其家人的故事。
1．C　推理判断题。根据第二段“The shop's owner said the medals were worth hundreds of dollars, but he agreed to let the boys have them for free on one condition：that they return the awards to the soldier's family.(这家商店的老板说，这些奖章价值数百美元，但他同意让孩子们免费获得，但有一个条件：他们要把奖章还给这位士兵的家人。)”可知，店主让孩子们免费获得奖章，但是要让他们将奖章还给士兵的家人，由此可以推知，商店老板钦佩国家英雄。故选C。
2．B　细节理解题。根据第三段“Michael and Mauro found a YouTube video of a memorial service for George conducted in his hometown, Cherokee, by a local service officer Warren Dupree.The boys e-mailed Dupree, who responded with details about the heroic act that earned George the medals.(迈克尔和毛罗在YouTube上找到了一段视频，视频是当地一名军官沃伦·杜普雷在乔治的家乡切罗基为乔治举行的追悼会。男孩们给杜普雷发了电子邮件，杜普雷回复了乔治赢得奖章的英勇行为的细节。)”可知，最终通过YouTube，孩子们成功找到了奖章的主人，返还了奖章。故选B。
3．C　推理判断题。根据第二段“The shop's owner said the medals were worth hundreds of dollars, but he agreed to let the boys have them for free on one condition：that they return the awards to the soldier's family.”及第三段“Michael and Mauro found a YouTube video of a memorial service for George conducted in his hometown, Cherokee, by a local service officer Warren Dupree.The boys e-mailed Dupree, who responded with details about the heroic act that earned George the medals.”可知，店主托兄弟俩找到奖章的主人并将奖章还给家人，兄弟俩经过寻找和搜索，最终在YouTube的帮助下找到了奖章主人的家人，因此，他们俩是有决心的，值得信赖的。故选C。
4．D　文章大意题。根据第二段“While searching through military memorabilia(纪念品), the boys had unearthed a Purple Heart, a Bronze Star, and a Good Conduct Medal bearing the name Charles J．George.(在搜寻军事纪念品时，孩子们发现了一枚紫心勋章、一枚铜星勋章和一枚刻有查尔斯·J·乔治名字的良好行为勋章。)”及最后一段“Dupree invited the brothers to Cherokee to present the medals to George's family a few months later.(几个月后，杜普雷邀请兄弟俩到切罗基把奖章送给乔治的家人。)”可知，本文讲述了迈克尔和弟弟毛罗发现了一枚印有名字的勋章，在YouTube的帮助下，他们最终找到了奖章的获得者，并将奖章还给其家人的故事。因此，D选项“发现隐藏的过去”与本文内容相符。故选D。
B
(2024·东北三省四市教研联合体高三一模)
I was the only kid in college with a reason to go to the mail box, because my mother never believed in email, or cell phones in general.I was literally waiting to get a letter to see how the weekend had gone, which was usually the warmest comfort for me.
So when I moved to New York and got sucker-punched in the face by depression, I did the only thing I could think of—writing letters like my mother for strangers.I blogged about those letters and crazily promised I would write you a hand-written letter if asked to.
Overnight, my inbox became this harbor of heartbreak—a single mother in Sacramento, a girl being bullied (恐吓) in rural Kansas..., all asking me to write them a letter and give them a reason to wait by the mailbox.And this is how the act The World Needs More Lone Letters was born, fueled by those trips to the mailbox.But the thing about these letters is that most of them have been written by people, who have grown up into a paperless world where some best conversations happen swiftly on a screen.
I've been carrying this mail crate (大木箱) with me these days, which is a magical icebreaker.So I get to tell total strangers about a woman whose husband was traumatized (受精神创伤) from war in Afghanistan, and how she left love letters throughout the house as a way to say, “Come back to me.” And the man, who had decided to take his life, tonight slept safely with letters just beneath his pillow, handwritten by strangers who were there for him.
These are the kinds of stories that convince me that letter-writing will always be needed, even in these days, because it is an art now.
5．What is the first paragraph mainly about？
A．The efficiency of writing letters.
B．The author's care for her family.
C．The author's attachment to letters.
D．The author's love for the college life.
6．What inspired the author to launch the act？
A．The letters' comforting effect on people.
B．Her intention of providing professional aid.
C．The positive influence of modern technology.
D．Her mother's fear of modern communication.
7．Why does the author call the mail crate “a magical icebreaker”？
A．It is capable of doing magic tricks.
B．It starts a conversation with passers-by.
C．It helps people to recover from traumas.
D．It is hot enough to melt ice on a cold day.
8．What is the best title for the passage？
A．Love for Writing
B．Priceless Family Letters
C．Love Letters to Strangers
D．The Art of Writing Letters
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。短文叙述了作者通过亲手写信的方式与陌生人交谈，给他们带去了安慰。
5．C　段落大意题。根据第一段“I was the only kid in college with a reason to go to the mail box, because my mother never believed in email, or cell phones in general.I was literally waiting to get a letter to see how the weekend had