Unit 5 Learning from nature Developing ideas Reading 课件（共36张）外研版（2019）选择性必修 第三册

(共36张PPT)
Developing ideas——reading
Unit 5 Into the unknown
Learning objectives
1. To know the history of sea exploration, discoveries by reading the passage;
2. To use the key language points from the passage correctly.
1. What different zones are there in the ocean
2. Which parts of the ocean do you think have been explored
3. What do you know about the deepest
part of the ocean
Work in groups. Look at the picture and answer the questions. Do further research if necessary.
Pre-reading
1. What different zones are there in the ocean
2. Which parts of the ocean do you think have been explored
The different zones in the ocean are Sunlight Zone, Twilight Zone, Midnight Zone and Abyssal Zone.
（深海区）.
Sunlight Zone, Twilight Zone.
3. What do you know about the deepest part of the ocean
The deepest part of the ocean is Abyssal Zone. It is an area where the water depth is about 2,000–5,000 metres. The trench can be lowered to 6,000 metres. These very deep areas are sometimes called “Super-abyssal zones”.
Actually it is the largest ecological region on earth.
More than 500 years after it was lost in a storm, the Esmeralda was discovered off the coast of Oman. The ship is believed to be part of a voyage led by Portuguese explorer, Vasco da Gama during his second voyage to India (1502–1503).
Although the Esmeralda was first located in 1998, it was explored by marine archaeologists between 2013 and 2015. Researchers used advanced technology to examine some of the objects on the ship. For example, CT scanning was used to identify two silver coins and a bell.
Background Information
阿曼（西南亚国家）
葡萄牙
达·伽马
海洋考古学家
The Jiaolong, China’s manned deep-sea vessel, is named after a mythical Chinese sea dragon. At roughly 8.2 metres long, 3 metres wide and 3.4 metres high, it weighs almost 22 metric tons. In 2012, it set the record for the deepest dive after reaching a depth of 7,062 metres in the Pacific Ocean’s Mariana Trench. Thousands of metres beneath the waves, its crew took incredible photos and videos and collected important samples from the ocean floor for research in oceanography.
大船；轮船
神话里的
马里亚纳海沟
海洋学
The Shenhai Yongshi, or Deep Sea Warrior, is China’s deep-sea submersible, which can reach a depth of 4,500 metres. The submersible took 8 years and involved over 90 Chinese organisations and companies, with all of its core parts being made in China. The Shenhai Yongshi has since been used to complete deep-sea diving missions in order to collect exact data on natural gas sources.
潜水器
Read the passage and find out what has been discovered in the ocean depths.
Shipwrecks such as that of the Esmeralda, ruins of ancient cities like Neapolis, extraordinary deep-sea creatures such as bone-white coral and the barreleye, and the substance known as “fire ice” have been discovered in the ocean depths.
What has been discovered in the ocean depths
Fast reading
Shipwrecks such as that of the Esmeralda.
What has been discovered in the ocean depths
Evidence:
Para 1: Among these is the Esmeralda, the earliest wreck from the age of the European exploration of Asia.
Ruins of ancient cities like Neapolis.
Evidence:
Para 2: One such find is the ancient Roman city of Neapolis, discovered off the coast of Tunisia. Believed to have been buried underwater by a tsunami in the
fourth century AD, the ruins of Neapolis are almost 2,000 years old.
Extraordinary deep-sea creatures such as bone-white coral and the barreleye.
Evidence: Para 3: Imagine bone-white coral 6,000 metres below the ocean’s surface, growing at the rare of only one or two millimetres per year. Swimming through these black depths is the barreleye, a strange fish with eyes that can look upwards through its transparent forehead.
The substance known as “fire ice”.
Evidence:
Para 4: Most notable of these is China’s discovery of an ice-like substance, known as “fire ice”, under the South China Sea.
Think about the structure of the passage and complete the diagram.
Intensive reading
OVER THE CENTURIES: sailing across oceans to explore Earth’s furthest corners
Ocean exploration
MODERN AGE: exploring 1___________
deep sea
6 __________exploration
Containing about 90 per cent of 7_______________.
Helping comprehend 8_____________________________.
Examples:
9_______________ 10_____________
11_________________________________________________
2______________ exploration
Finding ancient ruins in 3_____________.
Working to overcome challenges and make discoveries at 4__________.
Example:
5__________________
Archaeological
shallow waters
vast depths
the ruins of Neapolis
Biological
the planet’s fish
bone-white coral
the capacity for life on our planet
the barreleye
life to be found even around the deep-sea volcanic openings
Discovery of natural resources
Discovering new natural resources.
Studying 12 __________.
Identifying areas for 13_______________.
Examples:
14__________
15_______________________
“fire ice”
deep-sea drilling
the sea bed
China’s underwater vessels
1. Why do you think the author uses statistics in the passage
The use of statistics makes the passage more convincing.
Think & Share
2. What other examples of ocean exploration do you know of Share one with the class.
One possible answer: ①On 10 October, 2020, Endeavour successfully completed 13 dives in Mariana Trench, eight of which broke 10,000 metres. ②There is a growing interest in the construction of a network of undersea observatories, which is the most effective means of early warning earthquake and tsunami.
3. What do you think drives the exploration of the oceans
One possible answer: The oceans make up 70% of the earth’s total area. Large numbers of marine animals and plants are important sources of food for human beings. Therefore, it is very important for us to understand the world’s oceans. In addition to concerns about maritime security and economic interests, exploration of the seabed will satisfy human’s curiosity and thirst for the unknown knowledge.
4. What common message do the two reading passages in this unit convey How do they each build upon this idea
Both passages convey the message that humans have the desire and means to explore the unknown. The first passage does this by looking at our fascination with history’s greatest mysteries, while the second passage looks at pioneering exploration of Earth’s oceans.
Learning to learn
As you read, notice the discourse markers used in the text, eg in addition, also, however, furthermore, as well as. These markers function like road signs, helping you connect ideas and understand the writer’s attitude and opinions.
话语标记语
Work in groups. Give a talk about the influences of ocean exploration on your daily life.
Post-reading
1. Look at the diagram below and brainstorm examples of how ocean exploration affects your daily life.
2.Organise your talk by completing the diagram with your examples.
Influences of ocean exploration
Cultural exchange
Food and natural resources
Trade and economy
Transport and travel
Environment and conservation
3. Give your talk to the class.
Now think about how well you contributed to the group work and what you could do to improve.
1. equivalent adj. 相等的，相同的
Eight kilometres is roughly equivalent to five miles.
八公里约等于五英里。
250 grams or an equivalent amount in ounces.
250克或与之等量的盎司
equivalent n. 相等的东西；等量；对应词
Breathing such polluted air is the equivalent of (= has the same effect as) smoking ten cigarettes a day.
呼吸污染这么严重的空气等于每天抽十支烟。
Language points
to stack boxes 把箱子摞起来
2. stack v. （使）放成整齐的一叠（或一摞、一堆）
logs stacked up against a wall 靠墙码放着的木头
stack n. 一叠，一摞，一堆
They were busy stacking the shelves with goods.
他们正忙着摆货物上架呢。
a stack of books 一摞书
I’ve got stacks of work to do. 我有一大堆活儿要做。
a notable success / achievement / example
显著的成功 / 成就；明显的事例
3. notable adj. 值得注意的；显著的；重要的
His eyes are his most notable feature.
他的双眼是他最明显的特征。
The town is notable for its ancient harbour.
这座小镇因其古老的港口而出名。
With a few notable exceptions, everyone gave something.
人人都给了些东西，只有几个人例外，很是显眼。
a chemical / radioactive, etc. substance
化学、放射性等物质
4. substance n. ①物质；物品；东西
banned / illegal substances (= drugs) 禁用 / 非法物品
②事实基础；根据
It was malicious gossip, completely without substance.
这是恶意造谣，完全没有事实根据。
The commission’s report gives substance to these allegations.
委员会的报告为这些说法提供了事实根据。
1. set sail ___________________
2. lead to ___________________
3. as with ___________________
4. off the coast of ___________________
5. at the rate of ___________________
起航；扬帆
导致；通向
正如；与……一样
按……的速度
离……海岸不远的地方
6. be equivalent to ___________________
7. at depths of ___________________
8. hold the record ___________________
9. beyond the reach of ____________________
10. final frontier ____________________
保持纪录
超出……能力之
等（同）于；相等
最后（被探索）的疆域
在……的深度
1. Lying under waters across the globe are an estimated three million shipwrecks.
Paraphrase: It is believed that around three million shipwrecks are lying under waters across the globe.
本句为倒装结构，句中的 Lying under waters across the globe 放在句首表示强调。课文中还有类似的句子。例如：
Para 1
1) Among these is the Esmeralda, the earliest wreck from the age of the European exploration of Asia.
Para 3
2) Swimming through these black depths is the barreleye, a strange fish with eyes that can look upwards through its transparent forehead.
2. Given our limited knowledge, it is perhaps no surprise that exploration of the oceans continues to lead to discoveries in various scientific fields.
Paraphrase: Our knowledge of the oceans is limited, so it is perhaps not surprising that exploration of them continues to lead to discoveries in various scientific fields.
本句中的 Given 表示“考虑到”的意思。例如：
Given his age (= Considering how old he is), he’s remarkably active.
考虑到他的年龄，他已是相当活跃的了。
Usually, I am sensible with money, as I have to be, given that I don’t earn that much.
我花钱通常是很明智的。考虑到自己挣得不多，必须这样做。
Given her interest in children, teaching seems the right job for her.
考虑到她喜欢孩子，教书看来是很适合她的工作。
2. Given our limited knowledge, it is perhaps no surprise that exploration of the oceans continues to lead to discoveries in various scientific fields.
It is difficult for such a little child to finish the task alone.
it 为形式主语，真正的主语为 that exploration of the oceans continues to lead to discoveries in various scientific fields。为了避免句子头重脚轻，故用 it 作形式主语，这种用法在英语中很常见。例如：
It is not clear whether he will come or not.
Paraphrase: Extraordinary creatures that look as though they are something directly out of science fiction live in these waters with a depth of more than 200 metres, which are so deep that light cannot reach them.
3. In these waters, more than 200 metres deep, where light cannot reach, are extraordinary creatures that appear as if they are straight out of science fiction.
本句为一个复合句，其中包含了两个定语从句，分别是：非限制性定语从句 where light cannot reach，修饰先行词 waters；限制性定语从句 that appear as if they are straight out of science fiction，修饰先行词 creatures。
4. The Jiaolong even holds the record for the deepest dive by a manned submarine, at 7,062 metres, giving China its place alongside the world’s top ocean explorers.
Paraphrase: The Jiaolong is the manned submarine to have dived to a record depth of 7,062 metres. Because of this, China is considered one of the best ocean explorers in the world.
本句中 hold the record 表示 “保持纪录”。
句中 alongside 是介词，表示“与……同等重要”。
例如： When he dies he will take his place alongside Dickens as one of the truly great writers of his time.
他死后会成为他那个时代真正的伟大作家之一，与狄更斯齐名。
5. Being a tough environment of complete darkness, enormous pressure and intense cold, the ocean depths have long been beyond the reach of human exploration.
Paraphrase: The ocean depths have long been beyond the reach of human exploration because they are a tough environment of complete darkness, enormous pressure and intense cold.
5. Being a tough environment of complete darkness, enormous pressure and intense cold, the ocean depths have long been beyond the reach of human exploration.
The shot was well beyond the reach of the goalkeeper.
这次射门使守门员鞭长莫及。
本句中 Being a tough environment of … 作为现在分词短语置于句首，表示 the ocean depths 的状态。
本句中的 beyond the reach of … 表示“超过……能力之外；无法达到”。例如：
1. Search the Internet to know more about people’s oceanic explorations.
2. Write down your ideas about how to open up our planet’s final planet through closer scientific, economic and cultural operation.
Homework