Unit 5 Learning from nature Using language 课件（共21张）外研版（2019）选择性必修 第三册

(共28张PPT)
Using language
Unit 5 Into the unknown
Learning objectives
1. To review the usage of noun clauses;
2. To use noun clauses correctly;
3. To read the passage related to the topic and learn to use the words and expressions about facing the future;
4. To grasp some basic facts and the current research situation about the brain, listen to the interview to get the information about sleep, and learn to use the expressions concerning investigations.
Activity 1 Look at the sentences from the reading passage and answer the questions.
a. Although his theory has been dismissed by scholars, it shows how powerful the secrets of Ancient Maya civilisation are among people.
b. But the greatest mystery of all is what caused the Maya to abandon most of their great cities.
c. Why Maya civilisation collapsed remains a mystery.
Grammar: noun clauses
1. Which sentence contains a clause that serves as the subject of the sentence
2. Which sentence contains a clause that serves as the object of the sentence
3. Which sentence contains a clause that gives further information about the subject in the sentence
4. What do “how” , “what” and “why” in each sentence refer to
1. Which sentence contains a clause that serves as the subject of the sentence
Sentence c.
2. Which sentence contains a clause that serves as the object of the sentence
Sentence a.
3. Which sentence contains a clause that gives further information about the subject in the sentence
Sentence b.
4. What do “how” , “what” and “why” in each sentence refer to
a. Although his theory has been dismissed by scholars, it shows how powerful the secrets of Ancient Maya civilisation are among people.
b. But the greatest mystery of all is what caused the Maya to abandon most of their great cities.
c. Why Maya civilisation collapsed remains a mystery.
“how” refers to the extent of power of Ancient Maya civilisation’s secrets;
“why” refers to the reason that Maya civilisation collapsed.
“what” refers to the thing that caused the Maya to abandon most of their great cities;
名
词
性
从
句
主语从句
宾语从句
表语从句
同位语从句
一个句子放于主语的位置上
一个句子放于宾语的位置上
一个句子放于表语的位置上
一个句子放于同位语的位置上
Now look for more sentences with noun clauses in the reading passage.
1. Based on this, he believed he had spotted an unknown Maya city buried deep in the jungle.
2. What is most extraordinary about these complex structures is how they were built without the use of wheels, metal tools or even animal power.
宾语从句
主语从句
表语从句
4. It is possible that the Maya people unknowingly reduced their ability to deal with natural disasters.
3. The fact that Maya society was technologically primitive makes its achievements all the more incredible and mysterious.
同位语从句
主语从句
形式主语
怎样使用名词性从句的引导词呢？
原则：
缺什么填什么，啥也不缺，填 that, 缺主语，
缺宾语，表示“什么人，什么事，什么东西” 用 what。
2. 名词性从句都是陈述句语序。
想一想，下列句子应该用什么引导词？是什么从句？（注意从句语序）
1. Although his theory has been dismissed by scholars, it shows _______ powerful the secrets of Ancient Maya civilisation are among people.
2. But the greatest mystery of all is ______ caused the Maya to abandon most of their great cities.
3. _______ Maya civilisation collapsed remains a mystery.
how
what
Why
宾语从句
表语从句
主语从句
陈述句语序
4. ______ is most extraordinary about these complex structures is ______ they were built without the use of wheels, metal tools or even animal power.
5. The fact ______ Maya society was technologically primitive makes its achievements all the more incredible and mysterious.
6. It is possible ____ the Maya people unknowingly reduced their ability to deal with natural disasters.
What
how
that
that
主语从句
表语从句
同位语从句
主语从句
陈述句语序
Activity 2 Complete the passage using noun clauses with words in brackets.
There are many mysteries about dinosaurs to which we long to find
explanations.You may think that dinosaurs were big, green and scaly, right In fact, it seems that they appeared very different from 1 _____________ (think).
In recent years, scientists have worked out 2 __________________________
________ (look): many of them were small with feathers. However, 3_______________ (have) feathers still isn’t clear — it might have been for communicating or for staying warm, but not just for flight.
Scientists also believe that many dinosaurs had bright colours. It seems 4_______________ (depend on) their habitats. That is, dinosaurs which could fly would have had different colours to those living in the sea.
what we think
what they looked like / how they looked
whether they had
that depended on
Activity 3 Talk about what caused the disappearance of dinosaurs using noun clauses where appropriate. You may use the notes to help you.
What caused the disappearance of dinosaurs:
1. a huge meteorite hitting Earth
2. ash and gas from erupting volcanoes
3. disease
Among the many unsolved mysteries about dinosaurs, what really interests me is their disappearance. One possible explanation is that …
Activity 4 Work in pairs. Do research into another extinct creature. Share your ideas about why it disappeared using noun clauses where appropriate. Do further research if necessary.
Activity 5 Read the passage and answer the questions. Pay attention to the words and expressions in bold.
When something strange or unfamiliar happens, the flight instinct can kick in. Often, making a quick getaway is a sensible and understandable natural response, dating back to a time when our ancestors were running for their lives from dangers, such as wild animals, lightning and fire. So while you may be tempted to check out a strange object or to test the waters of a new situation, it can be safer to steer clear of the unfamiliar.
迅速逃走
避开，绕开
Facing the unknown
However, not everyone chooses to follow this instinct. Instead of retreating to their caves, some of our ancestors chose to subdue their fears and pursue the unknown - and this curiosity led them to, for instance, discover the use of fire.
In more recent times, Norwegian explorer, Roald Amundsen endured one of the most hostile environments on Earth when he set out into uncharted territory to reach the South Pole.
These reactions help humankind delve into the unknown and advance towards a more progressive and civilised society. Of course, exploration doesn’t have to mean blindly throwing ourselves into the unknown, and it’s never wrong to think twice before taking action. While there is no need for us to shrink from new situations,we should always look into things first and consider our options.
撤退到
征服
忍耐，忍受
打算，着手
钻研，探究
三思而后行
退避
调查
考虑我们的选择
1. What is the flight instinct Why do some people react that way in the face of the unknown
Flight instinct is our instinctive reaction to get away from a strange, unfamiliar or dangerous situation. Some people react that way in the face of the unknown because it is a sensible and understandable natural response.
2. What other reactions could people have when facing the unknown
Some people choose to overcome their fears and face the unknown.
Avoiding
Activity 6 Put the words and expressions in Activity 5 into the table. Add any more you can think of.
making a quick getaway
running for their lives from
steer clear of
retreating to
shrink from
Exploring
check out
test the waters of
set out into
delve into
taking action
Overcoming Hesitating
subdue
endured
think twice
look into
consider our options
Activity 7 Read the passage and answer the questions.
Of all the workings of the human body, there is one organ that produces the most intrigue amongst scientists. The brain is the centre of the nervous system and controls most of the body’s activities. Interestingly, it is the back part of the brain that is involved with our vision. The sides of the brain are involved in memory, speech and rhythm. Although the brain amounts to only about 2% of total body weight, it uses up to 20% of the body’s energy — more than any other organ. Scientists have been conducting research in order to seek greater understanding of the brain, especially since the 1950s. Nevertheless, there is still a long way to go before we can completely understand the workings of this complex organ.
激起……的兴趣；引发……的兴趣
节奏；韵律
Listening & speaking
总共达到
然而，不过
1. What functions of the brain are mentioned in the passage
The brain functions mentioned include its being the centre of the nervous system and controlling most of the body’s activities, including vision, memory, speech and rhythm.
2. What is the current research situation concerning the brain
There is still a long way to go before we can completely understand the workings of the brain.
3. Do you know any other interesting facts about the brain Share them with the class.
Activity 8 Listen to the interview and choose the topic discussed.
1. Methods to keep the brain healthy and active.
2. Sleep-related mysteries.
3. Ways of improving sleep quality.
4. Methods of interpreting dreams.
Theories Dr long’s comments
The brain needs time to 1_____________________. Recent studies prove that our brains
2 ____________ during sleep.
The brain 3______________________ _________ when we’re awake. It needs sleep to 4______________________________. There isn’t 5 ____________ to confirm this. It might not be
6 _______________________ for sleep.
7______________________________________________ in the brain while we’re awake, and the brain reflects on them and 8 _________________ ______________ in our dreams. A lot of research has been conducted, but we still can’t prove that 9____________________________.
Activity 9 Listen again and complete the table.
rest and do maintenance
makes lots of poisonous
chemicals
remove these chemicals
remain active
enough data
the most important reason
New connections are formed between
different parts
uses them to form
new memories
sleep is necessary to this function
Other unanswered questions
Why do we “see” our dreams
____________________________________
____________________________________
Now use the information in the table to give a lecture to the class. Do further research if necessary.
Why do some people dream in colour and
others don’t
Activity 10 Complete the boxes with the expressions from the interview.
Could you tell us something about ...
It’s because ...
... prove that ...
What other reasons could there be for it
Would you tell us more about …
Asking for more information Explaining
Could you tell us something about ...
What other reasons could there be for it
Would you tell us more about …
It’s because ...
... prove that …
Activity 11 Work in groups. Talk about the investigations into another scientific mystery using the words and expressions in this section. Do further research if necessary.
Now talk about how effectively you and your group have used the words and expressions you have learnt in this section and suggest ways to improve.
Summarize the usage of noun clauses and do the relevant exercises.
Homework