专题一 第3讲
模拟练 提考能
A
(2024·河北省金科大联考高三一模)
Anyone eager to view from high the cityscapes of Guangdong, a province in southern China, may soon be able to do so from the cabin of a flying taxi.On October 13th the Civil Aviation Administration of China (CAAC)awarded a “type certificate”， a crucial piece of aviation paperwork, to the world's first electric vertical take-off and landing (eVTOL) taxi.And in case that does not sound futuristic enough, the small two-seater, called the EH216-S, was also cleared to fly without a pilot on board.
The EH216-S is made by EHang, a company based in Guangdong.It looks like a scaled-up consumer drone (无人机) with a passenger bubble mounted on top.Propulsion (动力) is provided by 16 small rotors (转子), mounted on the tips of eight arms that fold away when the vehicle is not in use, allowing it to park in small spaces.
The CAAC gave its approval after EHang had conducted more than 40,000 test flights, including with volunteer passengers in 18 cities across China.It also subjected the EH216-S to structural analysis and crash tests, and checked its ability to keep flying if one of its rotors fails.Regulators also inspected the wireless network which EHang uses to link its flying taxis to a control centre on the ground.That allows backup pilots to land an aircraft by remote control if there is a problem.
EHang says its pilotless eVTOLs will be quieter than helicopters, their closest cousins, and much cheaper to operate, thanks in part to the ability to swap (交换) out an expensive pilot, for a second paying passenger.Performance, though, will be limited, at least at first.The EH216-S has a range of about 30 km, and a speed of up to 130 kph.The firm thinks that doing away with pilots will make things safer too.A computer's attention never wavers (动摇)．And flying is, in many ways, much easier to automate than driving, for there are fewer obstacles and unexpected situations to navigate.
EHang has ambitions beyond China, too.The firm's closest competitors are Volocopter, a German company, and a pair of Californian firms, Joby Aviation and Archer Aviation.All three are conducting test flights of piloted eVTOLs of various designs.
1．What does the underlined word “cleared” in Paragraph 1 probably mean？
A．Produced. B．Approved.
C．Removed. D．Tested.
2．What is Paragraph 3 mainly about？
A．What features EH216-S possesses.
B．How strict the standard of EHang is.
C．What benefits pilotless eVTOLs have.
D．How EH216-S gets its approval.
3．What can we infer from the last paragraph？
A．EVTOLs will definitely bring in a huge profit.
B．EVTOLs are popular worldwide.
C．EHang may face challenges in expanding future market.
D．EHang will improve its design to defeat competitors.
4．Where is the text probably taken from？
A．An ad in a magazine. B．A review of a bestseller.
C．A column in a newspaper. D．A chapter of a science book.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了中国民用航空局为世界上第一架电动垂直起降出租车颁发证书，这是一项至关重要的航空文书，空中出租车有望成为现实。
1．B 词句猜测题。根据第一段“And in case that does not sound futuristic enough, the small two-seater, called the EH216-S, was also cleared to fly without a pilot on board.(如果这听起来不够未来，这款名为EH216-S的小型双座飞机也cleared在没有飞行员的情况下飞行。)”以及第三段“The CAAC gave its approval after EHang had conducted more than 40,000 test flights, including with volunteer passengers in 18 cities across China.”中的approval提示可知，此处为这款名为EH216-S的小型双座飞机也被允许在没有飞行员的情况下飞行。故选B。
2．D 段落大意题。根据第三段“The CAAC gave its approval after EHang...to land an aircraft by remote control if there is a problem.(在EHang进行了4万多次试飞后，包括在中国18个城市进行的自愿乘客试飞，中国民航局批准了这一计划。它还对EH216-S进行了结构分析和碰撞测试，并检查了它在一个旋翼故障的情况下保持飞行的能力。监管机构还检查了EHang用于将其飞行出租车与地面控制中心连接起来的无线网络。如果出现问题，备用飞行员可以通过遥控让飞机降落。)”可知，第三段主要讲的是EH216-S是如何获得批准的。故选D。
3．C 推理判断题。根据最后一段“EHang has ambitions beyond China, too.The firm's closest ...of various designs.(EHang在中国以外也有追求的目标。该公司最接近的竞争对手是德国的Volocopter公司，以及加州的两家公司Joby Aviation和Archer Aviation。这三家公司都在进行各种设计的有人驾驶电动工具的试飞。)”可知，从最后一段我们能推断出EHang未来拓展市场可能面临挑战。故选C。
4．C 语篇出处题。通读全文和文章的写作风格可知，文章主要介绍了中国民用航空局为世界上第一架电动垂直起降出租车颁发证书，空中出租车有望成为现实，所以最可能来自报纸的专栏。故选C。
B
(2024·安徽省淮北市高三一模)
My earliest reading memory takes me back to being five years old, sitting in my grandfather's cozy study.He would read to me from his French-translated copy of Rudyard Kipling's The Jungle Book.I was so familiar with the stories that I could correct him word-for-word if he tried to change something.
Growing up, my favorite book was Ray Bradbury's Something Wicked This Way Comes.It was a treasure for an imaginative and lonely child like me.The book was filled with magical elements：a magical carousel, monsters, and the charming scent of autumn leaves lying in the sun.The language was as crisp and sweet as an October apple, awakening in me a deep passion for words and the magic they could bring out.I've reread it regularly and it never fails to satisfy me.
In my adult years, I revisited Emily Bront 's Wuthering Heights.When I first read it at 16, I perceived it as a love story.However, rereading it as an adult, I was struck by how different it seemed to me, and how much of the humour I'd missed.Now I love its poetry.And the love story not only exists between the characters but between Bront and the North York Moors.
James Joyce's Ulysses was a book I came back to after 40 years.Initially, at 15, I found it ugly, depressing, and dull, and I hated it.It took me four decades to return to it, and this time, I found myself understanding and beginning to appreciate it.I could see the details, the mythic parallels, the references to different writing styles, and the groundbreaking technique.
Though some exceptional books can develop and grow alongside us, others fall by the wayside.I've revisited so many childhood favourites only to find the magic gone, but I'm usually happy to leave the book behind.I've taken from it what I need.
5．What was the author's earliest reading memory？
A．Copying the stories of Rudyard Kipling.
B．Reading Something Wicked This Way Comes.
C．Studying Ulysses for writing styles.
D．Listening to The Jungle Book in French.
6．Which part of Wuthering Heights gave the author a different feeling as an adult？
A．The complex plot. B．The characters.
C．The humour and poetry. D．The love story.
7．What do the underlined words “fall by the wayside” in the last paragraph mean？
A．Remain unchanged over years. B．Lose their original attraction.
C．Gain widespread popularity. D．Are left by the side of the road.
8．Which is the most suitable title for the text？
A．The Changing Power of Reading
B．The Development of Reading Taste
C．The Lifelong Journey of Rereading Classics
D．The Childhood Memories in Reading Habits
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文，作者讲述了自己重温经典的经历。
5．D 细节理解题。根据第一段“My earliest reading memory takes me back to being five years old, sitting in my grandfather's cozy study.He would read to me from his French-translated copy of Rudyard Kipling's The Jungle Book.(我最早的阅读记忆是5岁时，坐在祖父舒适的书房里。他会给我读他的法语译本《丛林之书》。)”可知，作者最早的阅读记忆是听祖父读法语译本《丛林之书》。故选D。
6．C 细节理解题。根据第三段“When I first read it at 16, I perceived...and the North York Moors.(当我16岁第一次读到这本书时，我认为这是一个爱情故事。然而，当我长大后重读它时，我惊讶于它对我来说是多么的不同，以及我错过了多少幽默。现在我喜欢它的诗。这个爱情故事不仅存在于人物之间，也存在于Bront 和北约克摩尔人之间。)”可知，成年后作者再读《呼啸山庄》感觉它不再只是一个爱情故事，作者欣赏其中的幽默并喜欢书里的诗歌。故选C。
7．D 词句猜测题。根据“Though some exceptional books can develop and grow alongside us(虽然一些杰出的书籍可以与我们一起成长)”可知，前后文是转折关系，一些书籍可以陪伴我们成长，其他的却没有。故选D。
8．C 标题归纳题。通读全文，特别是最后一段“I've revisited so many childhood favourites only to find the magic gone, but I'm usually happy to leave the book behind.I've taken from it what I need.(我曾重温过许多童年时的最爱，却发现其中的魔力已不复存在，但我通常很乐意把书留下。我已经从里面拿走了我需要的东西。)”可知，文章作者讲述了自己重温小时候读过的经典书籍的经历。故选C。
C
(2024·湖北省十堰市高三二模)
A recent study conducted by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) has discovered that river erosion (侵蚀) can lead to increased biodiversity in areas with minimal tectonic (地壳构造的) activity.The researchers focused their attention on the Tennessee River Basin and examined how the erosion of various rock types by the river had led to the separation and diversification of a type of fish called the greenfin darter.As time passed, these separate fish populations evolved into distinct families with genetic differences.
Scientist Thomas Near observed that the greenfin darter was exclusively found in the southern half of the Tennessee River Basin.The researchers analyzed the genes of each fish in Near's data set and constructed an evolutionary tree.This tree helped them comprehend the evolution and differences of the greenfin darter species.They discovered that the fish within the same branch of the river were more closely related to each other than to the fish in other branches.
This study provides evidence that river erosion significantly impacts biodiversity in regions with low tectonic activity.It illustrates how changes in the landscape caused by river erosion can lead to the division and diversification of species over time, even in peaceful environments.These findings enhance our understanding of the mechanisms (机制) that drive biodiversity and evolution, even in areas that are not typically associated with intense tectonic activity.
Subsequently, the team discovered a strong correlation between the habitats of the greenfin darter and the type of rocks present.The southern half of the Tennessee River Basin consists of hard, tightly packed rocks, resulting in turbulent (湍急的) waves in the rivers that flow through it.This characteristic may be favored by the greenfin darter.As a result, the team assumed whether the distribution of greenfin darter habitats had been influenced by the changing rock types, as the rivers eroded the land over time.To test this assumption, the researchers developed a simulation model.Remarkably, the results confirmed their assumption.
9．What is new about the MIT study？
A．It finds river erosion can enhance biodiversity.
B．It further proves the mechanisms of river erosion.
C．It proves the geographical features of biodiversity.
D．It classifies a type of fish called the greenfin darter.
10．What can we learn about the greenfin darter？
A．Their appearances vary between families.
B．Their genetic constitutions have diversified.
C．They prefer the deep and slow-flowing river.
D．They go extinct in the changing landscape of rivers.
11．How did Near help the researchers reach their conclusion？
A．By creating an evolutionary tree of the fish.
B．By offering the fish's genetic data.
C．By reasoning out the time the fish evolve and separate.
D．By analyzing the genetic similarity between different fish.
12．What is the best title for the text？
A．River Erosion Can Shape Fish Evolution
B．Genetic Change in the Greenfin Darter
C．Evolutionary Tree Analysis of the Greenfin Darter
D．The Impact of Climate Change on Fish Diversity
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了研究发现河流侵蚀可以增强生物多样性，并以一种名叫绿鳍鲷的鱼为例，说明了这种影响。
9．A 细节理解题。根据第一段“A recent study conducted by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) has discovered that river erosion (侵蚀) can lead to increased biodiversity in areas with minimal tectonic (地壳构造的) activity.(麻省理工学院(MIT)最近进行的一项研究发现，在构造活动最少的地区，河流侵蚀会导致生物多样性增加。)”可知，麻省理工学院的这项研究发现河流侵蚀可以增强生物多样性。故选A。
10．B 细节理解题。根据第一段“The researchers focused their attention on the Tennessee River Basin and examined how the erosion of various rock types by the river had led to the separation and diversification of a type of fish called the greenfin darter.As time passed, these separate fish populations evolved into distinct families with genetic differences.(研究人员将注意力集中在田纳西河流域，并研究了河流对各种岩石类型的侵蚀是如何导致一种叫作绿鳍鲷的鱼的分离和多样化的。随着时间的推移，这些独立的鱼类种群进化成具有遗传差异的不同家族。)”可知，绿鳍鲷的基因构成多样化了。故选B。
11．B 细节理解题。根据第二段“The researchers analyzed the genes of each fish in Near's data set and constructed an evolutionary tree.(研究人员分析了Near数据集中每条鱼的基因，并构建了一棵进化树。)”可知，Near通过提供鱼的基因数据帮助研究人员得出结论。故选B。
12．A 标题归纳题。根据第一段“A recent study conducted by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) has discovered that river erosion ...these separate fish populations evolved into distinct families with genetic differences.”结合文章主要内容可知，A选项“河流侵蚀影响鱼类进化”最符合文章标题。故选A。
D
(2024·河南省邓州市部分学校高三一模)
Nature has the power to alter an element's identity with time and space.This is evident by the transformative effect Britain's deep coal mines have been showing after decades of being one of the biggest reasons for pollution.Now, they're being employed to supply green energy to the town of Gateshead.The town is the first place to experience something like this in the country, but the success of the phenomenon has encouraged the authorities to apply it to other towns.
In 2021, coal was just producing 2% of electricity in the UK.Most of the electricity in the country is being supplied through oil and gas.This has resulted in massive abandoned coal mines all across the country.As years went by, these mines were flooded with water, making it a source of geothermal(地热的)energy, which is used to generate heat and electricity.Gateshead hosts such a mine in its town, whose council, therefore, launched a mine water project in March 2023.
The authorities put in a large central heat pump in the mine.Mine water can often sit with a temperature of 45 ℃.The water is then pumped using appliances to home heat pumps.The process increases the temperature further.The water then goes ahead and warms up the interior space and home water supply.After the heat from the water has been used, it's sent back to the mine where it again goes through the same process.The project has been successful in supplying low-carbon heating to 350 high-rise buildings, a college and several office buildings.
“Recovering heat from mine water below the ground within abandoned coal mines provides an exciting opportunity to generate a low-carbon secure supply of heat, benefiting people living or working in buildings on the coalfields，” said Gareth Farr, head of heat and by-product innovation at the Coal Authority.
The water resources through the mines are estimated to be two billion cubic meters or half the amount of water in Loch Ness.Farr added, “With many millions of people living upon abandoned coalfields in Great Britain, the potential for mine water heat could be significant.”
13．What does the town of Gateshead feature？
A．It's been one of the most heavily polluted areas.
B．It has the most deep coal mines nationally.
C．It mainly relies on geothermal energy.
D．It is the first one to reuse abandoned coal mines.
14．Why were many coal mines abandoned in the UK？
A．They were quite remote. B．Prices of coal declined a lot.
C．There weren't enough miners. D．The UK prioritizes cleaner energy.
15．What is implied in the last paragraph？
A．The number of abandoned coal mines is stably increasing.
B．The future of sourcing energy from coal mines is promising.
C．The dependence on water resources in the UK is decreasing.
D．The technique to take advantage of mine water is impressive.
16．What is the text mainly about？
A．An innovative way to obtain green energy.
B．A method of living in harmony with nature.
C．A national project for abandoned facilities.
D．A discussion on the future of coal mines.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍的是英国利用废弃煤矿来供应绿色能源，通过从地热水中获取热能来取暖和发电。这项创新方法已在Gateshead镇成功实施，这也鼓舞当局把这一创新方法应用于其他城镇。
13．D 细节理解题。根据第一段“Now, they're being employed to supply green energy to the town of Gateshead.The town is the first place to experience something like this in the country, but the success of the phenomenon has encouraged the authorities to apply it to other towns.(现在，它们被用来为Gateshead镇提供绿色能源。该镇是全国第一个体验到这种方法的地方，但这种现象的成功促使当局将其应用到其他城镇。)”可知，Gateshead镇是全英国第一个重新利用废弃煤矿的。故选D。
14．D 细节理解题。根据第二段“In 2021, coal was just producing 2% of electricity in the UK.Most of the electricity in the country is being supplied through oil and gas.This has resulted in massive abandoned coal mines all across the country.(2021年，煤炭仅占英国电力的2%。这个国家的大部分电力是通过石油和天然气供应的。这导致了全国各地大量的废弃煤矿。)”可知，由于英国优先发展清洁能源，导致了全国各地大量的废弃煤矿。故选D。
15．B 推理判断题。根据最后一段“The water resources through the mines are estimated to be two billion cubic meters or half the amount of water in Loch Ness.Farr added, ‘With many millions of people living upon abandoned coalfields in Great Britain, the potential for mine water heat could be significant.’(据估计，通过这些矿山开采的水资源约为20亿立方米，相当于尼斯湖水量的一半。法尔补充说：‘在英国，有数百万人生活在废弃的煤田里，矿井热水的潜力可能是巨大的。’)”可知，矿山开采的水资源数量巨大并且矿井热水的潜力可能是巨大的，即从煤矿中获取能源的未来是有希望的。故选B。
16．A 文章大意题。根据第一段“This is evident by the transformative effect ...has encouraged the authorities to apply it to other towns.”以及通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了利用废弃煤矿从地热水中获取绿色能源的创新方法，Gateshead镇是第一个尝试这种方法的地方，还提到了项目的成功和潜力。因此，文章主要是关于一种获取绿色能源的创新方法。故选A。
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阅读能力突破篇
专题一 阅读理解
第3讲 题型破解——主旨大意题
高频考点 研析透
主旨大意题考查考生对文章内容的深层次理解，它要求考生在充分理解全文的前提下，对整篇文章的主旨大意有一个较为清晰的印象，既考查考生略读文章、领会大意的能力，也对考生的归纳、概括能力提出了较高的要求。
考点１
标题归纳题
●辨明题类
标题归纳题要求考生在理解文章的基础上， 结合文章的体裁和结构，从所给选项中选出适合文章的标题。设问形式常有：
(1)What is the best title for this passage
(2)What can be a suitable title for the passage/text
(3)Which of the following can be the best title for the passage
(4)The most suitable title of this passage is “ ”．
最佳标题应具备以下三大特征：①概括精准而简洁。②针对性强，标题外延与文章内容恰好相符。③醒目，能引发读者阅读欲望。
●技法点拨
1．一般文章的标题可根据主题句来判断，但在某些文章中，如记叙文，没有明确的主题句，需要根据文中的事实细节，查找文章的“主线”，归纳出文章的主题。
2．所选文章标题须能概括全文的中心内容。标题是文章的点睛之笔，是文章的灵魂和门面。为吸引读者的注意，标题往往比较醒目。
●真题体验
(2024·浙江1月卷·阅读理解D)
The Stanford marshmallow (棉花糖) test was originally conducted by psychologist Walter Mischel in the late 1960s.Children aged four to six at a nursery school were placed in a room.A single sugary treat, selected by the child, was placed on a table.Each child was told if they waited for 15 minutes before eating the treat, they would be given a second treat.Then they were left alone in the room.Follow-up studies with the children later in life showed a connection between an ability to wait long enough to obtain a second treat and various forms of success.
As adults we face a version of the marshmallow test every day.We're not tempted (诱惑) by sugary treats, but by our computers, phones, and tablets—all the devices that connect us to the global delivery system for various types of information that do to us what marshmallows do to preschoolers.
We are tempted by sugary treats because our ancestors lived in a calorie-poor world, and our brains developed a response mechanism to these treats that reflected their value—a feeling of reward and satisfaction.But as we've reshaped the world around us, dramatically reducing the cost and effort involved in obtaining calories, we still have the same brains we had thousands of years ago, and this mismatch is at the heart of why so many of us struggle to resist tempting foods that we know we shouldn't eat.
A similar process is at work in our response to information.Our formative environment as a species was information-poor, so our brains developed a mechanism that prized new information.But global connectivity has greatly changed our information environment.We are now ceaselessly bombarded (轰炸) with new information.Therefore, just as we need to be more thoughtful about our caloric consumption, we also need to be more thoughtful about our information consumption, resisting the temptation of the mental “junk food” in order to manage our time most effectively.
35．Which of the following is the best title for the text？
A．Eat Less, Read More
B．The Bitter Truth about Early Humans
C．The Later, the Better
D．The Marshmallow Test for Grown-ups
【解题示范】 第一步：阅读文章，概括文章大意：在信息化时代我们作为成年人每天都在面对棉花糖测试，信息轰炸让我们摄入了太多精神“垃圾食品”；
第二步：分析各选项，进行斟酌判断，揣摩哪个选项能准确概括主旨：根据第二段“As adults we face a version of the marshmallow test every day.We're not tempted (诱惑) by sugary treats, but by our computers, phones, and tablets—all the devices that connect us to the global delivery system for various types of information that do to us what marshmallows do to preschoolers.(作为成年人，我们每天都要面对棉花糖测试。诱惑我们的不是甜食，而是我们的电脑、手机和平板电脑——所有这些将我们与全球信息传递系统连接起来的设备，它们对我们的作用就像棉花糖对学龄前儿童的作用一样。)”结合文章主要内容可知，D选项“成人棉花糖测试”最符合文章标题。故选D。
考点２
文章大意题
●辨明题类
文章大意题要求考生在理解全文的基础上，从文中提取有效信息，概括、归纳出文章的主旨大意、中心思想。此类题目没有明显的解题依据，是对文章深层次的理解。
设问形式常有：
(1)The general/main idea of the passage is .
(2)What is the main theme/topic/idea of this/the passage/text
(3)The passage/text is mainly about .
(4)What does the text/passage mainly focus on
(5)The passage mainly focuses on .
●技法点拨
1．定位主题句确定文章大意
文章由段落组成，段落的中心思想服务于文章的中心思想，因此找到每个段落的主题句，总结概括后便不难得出文章的主旨大意。
一般情况下，段落的主题句通常在该逻辑段落的首尾，但也有些难度较大的试题会隐含在段落之中，此时要理解全文结构，找到支撑性细节内容。
以下为快速找到主题句的5个小窍门：
(1)段落中出现表转折的词语(however, but, in fact, actually, while, on the contrary, in contrast等)时，其后的句子通常为主题句。
(2)首段出现疑问句时，对该句的回答很可能就是主题句。
(3)作者有意识地反复强调的观点，通常是主旨；反复出现的词语，一般为体现文章主旨的关键词(主旨句通常包含关键词)。
(4)首段出现具体例子或假设时，例子或假设后的内容通常为主题句。
(5)表示总结或结论的句子常包含therefore, in short, conclude, conclusion, thus等词。
2．根据不同文体的结构和写作方法来定位主题句
(1)议论文主要是论述作者的某个观点，往往采用“总—分”或“总—分—总”的模式，所以主题句常在第一段或最后一段。
(2)说明文则是说明一个事物的用途或制作过程，主题句一般在首段。
(3)记叙文一般没有明显的主题句，需要根据文中叙述的内容和线索来概括文章大意，但是如果文章末段出现说理性的句子，则这个句子为主题句。
●真题体验
(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷·阅读理解C)
We all know fresh is best when it comes to food.However, most produce at the store went through weeks of travel and covered hundreds of miles before reaching the table.While farmer's markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon Micro-Farm (BMF) shortens it even more.
BMF is an indoor garden system.It can be set up for a family.Additionally, it could serve a larger audience such as a hospital, restaurant or school.The innovative design requires little effort to achieve a reliable weekly supply of fresh greens.
Specifically, it's a farm that relies on new technology.By connecting through the Cloud, BMF is remotely monitored.Also, there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time.Because the system is automated, it significantly reduces the amount of water needed to grow plants.Rather than watering rows of soil, the system provides just the right amount to each plant.After harvest, users simply replace the plants with a new pre-seeded pod (容器) to get the next growth cycle started.
Moreover, having a system in the same building where it's eaten means zero emissions (排放) from transporting plants from soil to salad.In addition, there's no need for pesticides and other chemicals that pollute traditional farms and the surrounding environment.
BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives.About half of them walk or bike to work.Inside the office, they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic.“We are passionate about reducing waste, carbon and chemicals in our environment，” said a BMF employee.
31．What does the text mainly talk about？
A．BMF's major strengths. B．BMF's general management.
C．BMF's global influence. D．BMF's technical standards.
【解题示范】 第一步：阅读文章，确定段落主题句；
第二步：分析选项，斟酌判断：根据第一段“While farmer's markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon Micro-Farm (BMF) shortens it even more.”、第三段“By connecting through the Cloud, BMF is remotely monitored.Also, there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time.Because the system is automated, it significantly reduces the amount of water needed to grow plants.Rather than watering rows of soil, the system provides just the right amount to each plant.
(通过云连接，对BMF进行远程监控。此外，还有一个方便的应用程序可以实时提供不断增长的数据。由于该系统是自动化的，因此大大减少了种植植物所需的水量。该系统不是给一排排土壤浇水，而是为每株植物提供合适的水量。)”以及最后一段“BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives.About half of them walk or bike to work.Inside the office, they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic.‘We are passionate about reducing waste, carbon and chemicals in our environment，’said a BMF employee.”可知，文章主要介绍了巴比伦微农场(BMF)的一些主要优势，包括减少食物运输距离、通过云技术远程监控、自动化系统节约水资源、减少化学污染以及员工的环保生活方式等。故选A。
考点３
段落大意题
●辨明题类
段落大意题主要考查文章某一段落的主要意思，是对一个段落的基本内容的简缩和概括。考生要用准确的、简练的语言把一个段落的主要意思明确而完整地表达出来。设问形式常有：
(1)What is the first paragraph mainly about
(2)What is Paragraph 1 mainly about
(3)What does the first paragraph mainly talk about
●技法点拨
1．定位段落主题句，做到首尾兼顾
做题时要特别注意“首尾兼顾”，即所问段落的首句和尾句。一是因为它们往往体现主旨要义，二是因为利用这些信息可以迅速提炼段落结构框架，在框架下判断主旨，其准确性更高。
2．通过暗示揣摩段落大意
有时，作者不直接写出主题句，而是通过情感态度等方法暗示性地体现主题，此时要根据文中所叙述的事实和线索综合判断去揣摩并概括出段落大意。
●真题体验
(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷·阅读理解B)
“I am not crazy，” says Dr.William Farber, shortly after performing acupuncture (针灸) on a rabbit.“I am ahead of my time.” If he seems a little defensive, it might be because even some of his coworkers occasionally laugh at his unusual methods.But Farber is certain he'll have the last laugh.He's one of a small but growing number of American veterinarians (兽医) now practicing “holistic” medicine—combining traditional Western treatments with acupuncture, chiropractic (按摩疗法) and herbal medicine.
Farber, a graduate of Colorado State University, started out as a more conventional veterinarian.He became interested in alternative treatments 20 years ago when he suffered from terrible back pain.He tried muscle-relaxing drugs but found little relief.Then he tried acupuncture, an ancient Chinese practice, and was amazed that he improved after two or three treatments.What worked on a veterinarian seemed likely to work on his patients.So, after studying the techniques for a couple of years, he began offering them to pets.
Leigh Tindale's dog Charlie had a serious heart condition.After Charlie had a heart attack, Tindale says, she was prepared to put him to sleep, but Farber's treatments eased her dog's suffering so much that she was able to keep him alive for an additional five months.And Priscilla Dewing reports that her horse, Nappy, “moves more easily and rides more comfortably” after a chiropractic adjustment.
Farber is certain that the holistic approach will grow more popular with time, and if the past is any indication, he may be right：Since 1982, membership in the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association has grown from 30 to over 700.“Sometimes it surprises me that it works so well，” he says.“I will do anything to help an animal.That's my job.”
26．What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about？
A．Steps of a chiropractic treatment.
B．The complexity of veterinarians' work.
C．Examples of rare animal diseases.
D．The effectiveness of holistic medicine.
【解题示范】 第一步：阅读题干，找出关键词：paragraph 3和mainly talk about，快速将解题信息定位到文章的第三段；
第二步：根据段落的内容，分析选项，判断概括准确的选项：根据第三段“Leigh Tindale's dog Charlie had a serious heart condition.After Charlie had a heart attack, Tindale says, she was prepared to put him to sleep, but Farber's treatments eased her dog's suffering so much that she was able to keep him alive for an additional five months.And Priscilla Dewing reports that her horse, Nappy, ‘moves more easily and rides more comfortably’ after a chiropractic adjustment.(Leigh Tindale的狗Charlie患有严重的心脏病。Tindale说，Charlie心脏病发作后，她准备让它进入睡眠状态，但Farber的治疗大大减轻了她的狗的痛苦，她能够让它多活五个月。
Priscilla Dewing报告说，她的马Nappy经过脊椎按摩调整后，‘行动更容易，骑着更舒服’。) ”可知，本段主要讲述了两个例子，一个是Farber通过整体医学方法帮助了患有严重心脏病的狗Charlie，另一个是马Nappy在接受脊椎按摩治疗后移动和骑行更为舒适。这些例子都是为了说明整体医学的有效性。故选D。
