专题二 考法二 第1讲
模拟练 提考能
A
(2024·重庆市九龙坡区高三三模)
In the digital era in which people's attention is often distracted by fragmented, eye-catching information, the annual World Book and Copyright Day is probably one of the few moments 1. remind people of the irreplaceable importance of reading.
The Wenjin Book Awards, which are granted by the National Library of China every year for this special occasion, was organized as a key event ahead of the day—and as a guide for readers.The list of winners of the 19th Wenjin Book Awards
2. (release) in the national library in Beijing on Friday.Among China's highest honors in the publishing industry, the awards are 3. (main) given in non-literature genres.Twenty titles in three categories—children's books, pop science, and social sciences—stood out from the nearly 2,500 4. (submission) across the country 5. (gain) the top awards, and an extra 41 were honored by making 6. to the final round.From themes that seem to be far removed from today's reality, like astronomy and archaeology, 7. subjects that are deeply influencing our everyday life like artificial intelligence and silicon chips, the awardees cover a wide range.Individual stories are equally 8. (power) at awakening collective memory, as To Approach the Dearest People indicates.
The Wenjin Book Awards, 9. (launch) in 2004, are named after Wenjin Ge, 10. former Qing Dynasty royal library in present-day Chengde, Hebei Province, which contributed key collections to the national library.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在数字时代分散注意力之际,世界图书与版权日提醒阅读的重要性。中国国家图书馆举办的第十九届文津图书奖揭晓,表彰非文学类优秀作品,促进全民阅读。
1.that 考查定语从句。句意:在人们的注意力经常被碎片化的、引人注目的信息分散的数字时代,一年一度的世界图书与版权日可能是少数几个提醒人们阅读无可替代的重要性的时刻之一。空处应用关系词引导定语从句,修饰先行词moments,关系词替代先行词在从句中作主语,先行词为物,且有不定代词few修饰,用关系代词that。故填that。
2.was released 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:第十九届文津图书奖获奖名单于周五在北京国家图书馆发布。根据时间状语on Friday可知,句子应用一般过去时,谓语动词release与句子主语The list构成被动关系,应用被动语态。故填was released。
3.mainly 考查副词。句意:作为中国出版业的最高荣誉之一,该奖项主要授予非文学类作品。空处应用副词作状语,来修饰动词given。故填mainly。
4.submissions 考查名词的数。句意:在来自全国近2,500份投稿中,儿童书籍、科普和社会科学三个类别中共有20个标题脱颖而出,获得最高奖项,另外41部作品通过进入决赛而受到表彰。前面有具体数字2,500,空处应用可数名词submission的复数形式。故填submissions。
5.to gain 考查非谓语动词。句意:在来自全国近2,500份投稿中,儿童书籍、科普和社会科学三个类别中共有20个标题脱颖而出,获得最高奖项,另外41部作品通过进入决赛而受到表彰。空处应用动词不定式形式在句中作目的状语。故填to gain。
6.it 考查代词。句意:在来自全国近2,500份投稿中,儿童书籍、科普和社会科学三个类别中共有20个标题脱颖而出,获得最高奖项,另外41部作品通过进入决赛而受到表彰。make it to“成功达到”为固定短语。故填it。
7.to 考查介词。句意:从似乎远离当今现实的题材,如天文学和考古学,到深刻影响我们日常生活的领域,如人工智能和硅芯片,获奖作品涵盖了广泛的主题范围。from...to...“从……到……”为固定搭配。故填to。
8.powerful 考查形容词。句意:个人故事同样强大,能唤醒集体记忆,正如《走近最亲爱的人》所表明的那样。空处应用形容词powerful在句中作表语。故填powerful。
9.launched 考查非谓语动词。句意:文津图书奖创办于2004年,以文津阁命名,文津阁是位于今天河北省承德市的一座前清朝皇家图书馆,为国家图书馆提供了关键的馆藏。空处在句中为非谓语动词,动词launch与其逻辑主语The Wenjin Book Awards构成被动关系,用过去分词形式作后置定语。故填launched。
10.a 考查冠词。句意:文津图书奖创办于2004年,以文津阁命名,文津阁是位于今天河北省承德市的一座前清朝皇家图书馆,为国家图书馆提供了关键的馆藏。空处泛指“一座前清朝皇家图书馆”,former以辅音音素开头,应用不定冠词a。故填a。
B
(2024·重庆市九龙坡区高三二模)
It is a beautiful drone (无人机) shot, 1. popular kind of video you might see in a travel video.However, there is no drone 2. camera, and you needn't travel in person because the video was generated by AI, which is from a new tool programmed by Open AI called Sora.
It's not perfect, but it's a large step up from what we've seen before.What most people don't know is 3. Sora can do more than just create videos from scratch.It can combine separate videos into one scene.And its videos can be up 4. a minute long and in 1080p resolution.
5. (compare) with Runway ML, the difference with Sora is that it's coherent.Previous system have a 6. (character) morphing (图像渐变) quality as the video 7. (progress).With Sora, that's vastly reduced or gone altogether.The 8. (object) remain stable even when covered by things in the foreground.We've seen something similar to this in research since 2019, but what is new is the ability 9. (combine) two videos together in one scene.It can also make up different camera angles of a single scene with just one prompt.
Sora, like digital audio workstation 10. (envelop) recording studios several years ago, must be a trend soon.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Open AI编程出的视频生成工具Sora,着重分享了这款工具的几个优势。
1.a 考查冠词。句意:这是一个美丽的无人机拍摄,一种你可能会在旅游视频中看到的流行视频。空处表示泛指,意为“一种流行视频”,应用不定冠词,且popular的发音以辅音音素开头。故填a。
2.or 考查连词。句意:然而,没有无人机或摄像头,你也不需要亲自旅行,因为视频是由人工智能生成的,这是由Open AI编程的一种名为Sora的新工具。空处连接前后两个名词drone和camera,两者之间是选择关系,应用表示“或,或者”的并列连词or。故填or。
3.that 考查名词性从句。句意:大多数人不知道的是,Sora可以做的不仅仅是从零开始制作视频。分析句子结构可知,空处引导名词性从句作主句的表语,表语从句的成分和语义均完整,应用连接词that作引导词。故填that。
4.to 考查介词。句意:它的视频可以长达一分钟,分辨率为1080p。up to表示“达到,接近于”。故填to。
5.Compared 考查非谓语动词。句意:与Runway ML相比,Sora的不同之处在于它是连贯的。分析句子结构可知,句子主干成分完整,空处是非谓语动词,be compared with表示“与……相比”,应用compare的过去分词形式,作方式状语,且句首单词的首字母需大写。故填Compared。
6.characteristic 考查形容词。句意:以往的系统在视频播放过程中具有典型的图像渐变特性。空处是修饰quality的定语,character的形容词形式是characteristic,意为“独特的,典型的”。故填characteristic。
7.progresses 考查时态和主谓一致。句意:以往的系统在视频播放过程中具有明显的图像渐变特性。空处作as引导的时间状语从句的谓语,此处描述通常性的事实,时态应用一般现在时,且主语the video是单数。故填progresses。
8.objects 考查名词的数。句意:即使被前景中的物体覆盖,物体也保持稳定。空处作句子的主语,根据remain可知,可数名词object应用复数形式。故填objects。
9.to combine 考查非谓语动词。句意:自2019年以来,我们在研究中看到了类似的情况,但新的是能够在一个场景中将两个视频组合在一起。名词ability后常跟动词不定式作后置定语,表示“……能力”。故填to combine。
10.enveloping 考查非谓语动词。句意:就像几年前数字音频工作站包围录音室一样,Sora很快就会成为一种趋势。空处作digital audio workstation的后置定语,是非谓语动词形式,envelop和digital audio workstation逻辑上是主动关系,应用现在分词形式。故填enveloping。
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专题二 语法填空
考法二 无提示词类
第1讲 填介词或冠词
考点1
填介词
●辨明题类
当设空后的名词、代词或动词-ing形式在句中不作主语、表语或动词的宾语时,其前面一般是填介词。对介词的考查通常侧重于固定搭配中的介词及常见介词的习惯用法。
●技法点拨
1.分析句子成分,空后的名词、代词或动词-ing形式不作主语、表语或动词的宾语,则考虑填介词。
(2024·安徽省巢湖市部分学校高三一模)The 10-km-long wall around it winds its way through plains and high mountains the Great Wall.
【答案】 like
【解析】 考查介词。句意:十公里的围墙像长城一样蜿蜒起伏,穿越平原,跨过高山。此处需用介词like,表示像长城一样。故填like。
2.分析句子成分,空后的名词、代词或动词-ing形式需要作空前不及物动词或动词短语的宾语,则考虑填介词。
(2024·广东省湛江市高三二模)“We have to stick the original format, the original material and the original craftsmanship, so that we can better preserve the historical and cultural values,” said Cheng Yongmao, the engineer leading Jiankou's restoration work.
【答案】 to
【解析】 考查介词。句意:负责箭扣修复工作的工程师程永茂说:“我们必须坚持原始的形式、原始的材料和原始的工艺,这样我们才能更好地保存历史和文化价值。”stick to sth.意为“坚持某事”。故填to。
●真题体验
1.(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)The Glasshouse stands a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route which/that brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the richness (rich) of gardening in England.
【答案】 as
【解析】 考查介词。句意:这座温室是当代设计的巅峰之作,位于追溯丝绸之路的道路尽头,将中国西南的植物容纳其中,将这些植物从亚洲的原生栖息地带到英格兰,定义了英格兰园艺的丰富性。空处指的是“作为”,应用介词as。故填as。
2.(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)I happen to know that Tang's play The Peony Pavilion (《牡丹亭》) is similar in some ways Romeo and Juliet.
【答案】 to
【解析】 考查介词。句意:我碰巧知道汤显祖的戏剧《牡丹亭》在某些方面与《罗密欧与朱丽叶》相似。固定短语be similar to,意为“和……相似”。故填to。
3.(2024·全国甲卷)This area, with its (it) unique and breathtaking natural beauty, must be well preserved all people of the nation to enjoy—as a national park.
【答案】 for
【解析】 考查介词。句意:这个地区拥有独特的、令人惊叹的自然美景,必须作为国家公园保护好,为了所有国家的人都能享受。介词for表目的,表示“为了所有国家的人都能享受”。 故填for。
4.(2023·浙江1月卷)Thanks to Beijing's long history capital of China, almost every hutong has its stories, and some are even associated with historic events (event).
【答案】 as
【解析】 考查介词。句意:由于北京作为中国首都的悠久的历史,同时每一条胡同都有自己的故事,甚至有一些还跟历史事件有关。根据句意可知,介词as意为“作为”。故填as。
5.(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)And who do they speak English
【答案】 with
【解析】 考查介词。句意:他们和谁说英语?此处强调双向交流,应用固定搭配speak with sb.,意为“与某人交谈”。故填with。
6.(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)There you will find them prepared differently—more dumpling and less soup, and the wrappers are pressed hand rather than rolled.
【答案】 by
【解析】 考查介词。句意:在那里,你会发现它们的制作方式不同——更多汤包,更少的汤,包子皮是用手压的,而不是擀出来的。by hand“用手”是固定搭配。故填by。
7.(2023·全国乙卷)From Buddhist temples to museums, narrow hutong royal palaces, it is home to more than 3,000 years of glorious history even down to its layout, with the city keeping its carefully built (build) system of ring roads.
【答案】 to
【解析】 考查介词。句意:从佛教寺庙到博物馆,从狭窄的胡同到皇家宫殿,它拥有3,000多年的辉煌历史,甚至从它的布局来看,这座城市一直保持着精心建造的环城道路系统。根据“From Buddhist temples to museums”可知,空处和前文保持一致,短语from...to...表示“从……到……”。故填to。
8.(2023·全国甲卷)She warns of the environmental dangers facing society, and she teaches that people must take responsibility saving their environment.
【答案】 for
【解析】 考查介词。句意:她警告社会面临的环境危险,并教导人们必须承担起保护环境的责任。take responsibility for...“对……负责”。故填for。
9.(2022·全国乙卷)May 21st this year marks the first International Tea Day, which was named officially the United Nations on November 27th, 2019.
【答案】 by
【解析】 考查介词。句意:2019年11月27日,联合国正式将今年5月21日定为第一个国际茶日。根据句意可知,此处表达“被联合国在11月27日命名”。故填by。
考点2
填冠词
●辨明题类
空处后有名词且两者搭配在一起表示泛指或者特指含义,或有序数词、最高级、表示特指意义的比较级等形式时,则空处一般填冠词。
●技法点拨
1.分析句子成分,空后有可数名词单数,表示泛指含义,则考虑不定冠词a/an。若空后单词以辅音音素开头要用a,以元音音素开头则用an。
(2024·江苏省徐州市高三打靶卷)Among these treasures the residence(豪宅) of Niu Fubao, unusual Qing Dynasty official, stands as a noticeable highlight.
【答案】 an
【解析】 考查冠词。句意:在这些珍宝中,一个不同寻常的清朝官员牛福宝的豪宅是一个引人注目的亮点。根据空后的名词official可知,此处应用冠词。又由空前的Niu Fubao这个人名可知,此处应泛指一位官员,用不定冠词,空后的unusual是元音音素开头。故填an。
2.分析句子成分,与空后名词搭配到一起表示特指,或是有序数词、最高级或者表示特指的比较级时,考虑定冠词the。
(2024·湖北省圆创联考高三一模)Taylor noted that as a country enters recession (衰退) and adopts simply spending habits, women often show a preference towards longer (long) dresses, while during times of prosperity (繁荣), opposite result can be seen—hemlines often become shorter.
【答案】 the
【解析】 考查冠词。句意:Taylor指出,当一个国家进入经济衰退并养成简单的消费习惯时,女性往往会偏爱较长的裙子,而在经济繁荣时期,结果却恰恰相反——裙摆往往会变短。此处result为特指,应用定冠词。故填the。
●真题体验
1.(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse walks (walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for first time.
【答案】 the
【解析】 考查冠词。句意:此外,温室周围的丝绸之路花园带着游客走过了一段受古代丝绸之路影响的旅程,该贸易路线第一次为英国带来了丝绸和许多植物。for the first time意为“第一次”。故填the。
2.(2024·浙江1月卷)Then, when you use one section, other stays fresh.
【答案】 the
【解析】 考查冠词。句意:然后,当你使用其中一部分时,另一部分保持新鲜。the other意为“另一个”,所以此处应用定冠词。故填the。
3.(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)The meat should be fresh with touch of sweetness and the soup hot, clear and delicious.
【答案】 a
【解析】 考查冠词。句意:肉应该是新鲜的,有一点甜味,汤应该是热的、清澈的、美味的。a touch of “一点点;稍许”,常用搭配。故填a。
4.(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)Not the pandas, even though language used for the medical training instructions is actually English.
【答案】 the
【解析】 考查冠词。句意:不是熊猫,尽管医学训练指导使用的语言实际上是英语。此处指用于医学训练指导使用的语言,表特指,应用定冠词修饰。故填the。
5.(2023·浙江1月卷)In contrast to the court life and upper-class culture represented by the Forbidden City, the Summer Palace, and the Temple of Heaven, the hutongs reflect culture of grassroots Beijingers.
【答案】 the
【解析】 考查冠词。句意:与紫禁城、颐和园和天坛所代表的宫廷生活和上流社会文化相比,胡同所反映出的是草根北京人的文化。根据名词culture后面的介词短语of grassroots Beijingers可知,此处culture表示特指概念,应用定冠词the修饰。故填the。
6.(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷) Brown family live in an apartment building outside Toronto.
【答案】 The
【解析】 考查冠词。句意:布朗一家住在多伦多郊外的一栋公寓楼里。根据句子结构可知,设空处要用冠词与Brown family 构成名词短语作主语。the+姓氏,意为“某某一家人”。同时该单词置于句首,首字母应该大写。故填The。
7.(2022·全国乙卷)To celebrate festival, a number of events took place at the Chinese Businessman Museum in Beijing on Thursday.
【答案】 the
【解析】 考查冠词。句意:为了庆祝这一节日,周四在北京的中国商人博物馆举行了一系列活动。特指(International Tea Day)这一节日,所以用定冠词the。故填the。
8.(2022·浙江1月卷)Cobb, for her party, started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speak whether/if she could do so remotely; about three-quarters of time, they agreed.When the answer was no, she declined the invitation.
【答案】 the
【解析】 考查冠词。句意:大约有四分之三的时间,他们同意了。此处特指Cobb询问的时间范围。故填the。