(共25张PPT)
专题二 语法填空
考法二 无提示词类
第2讲 填从属关联词
考点1
定语从句的关系词
●辨明题类
当空处前后有两个句子,且空处所在的句子在另一个句子当中作定语时,考虑定语从句的关系词。
●技法点拨
1.当空处前后有两个句子,空处所在的句子在另一个句子当中作定语,且所填词代替先行词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语,考虑定语从句的关系代词。
(2024·东北三省四市教研联合体高三一模)Visitors prefer traditional lanterns can find lanterns with flowers and birds, and legendary figures, while lanterns with modern patterns (pattern) such as cultural trends and online games are gaining popularity among young people.
【答案】 that/who
【解析】 考查定语从句。句意:喜欢传统灯笼的游客可以找到有花鸟和传奇人物的灯笼,而具有现代图案的灯笼,如文化潮流和网络游戏,在年轻人中越来越受欢迎。分析句子结构可知,该空引导定语从句,先行词为visitors,指人,关系词替代先行词在定语从句中作主语,使用关系代词that或who引导。故填that/who。
2.当空前后有两个句子,空处所在的句子在另一个句子当中作定语,且所填词代替先行词在从句中作状语,考虑定语从句的关系副词。
(2024·湖北省部分学校高三三模)When Juni Stefanus Santoso from Indonesia rode a camel in a desert in Dunhuang, Gansu Province—an important cultural center on the Silk Road cultures from the East and the West met and mixed hundreds of years ago—he felt like he was “stepping into another world” that was foreign, and very different from his previous impression (impress) of China.
【答案】 where
【解析】 考查定语从句。句意:当印度尼西亚的朱尼·斯蒂芬努斯·桑托索在甘肃省敦煌市的沙漠中骑骆驼时——敦煌是丝绸之路上一个重要的文化中心,几百年前东西方文化在这里交汇融合——他觉得自己仿佛“踏入了另一个世界”,这个世界对他来说很陌生,与他之前对中国的印象大相径庭。空处引导定语从句,修饰the Silk Road,关系词在从句中作地点状语,需用关系副词where引导。故填where。
●真题体验
1.(2024·浙江1月卷)Of course, shops are not charities—they price goods in the way will make them the most money.
【答案】 that/which
【解析】 考查定语从句。句意:当然,商店不是慈善机构——他们以最赚钱的方式给商品定价。在定语从句中缺少主语,且先行词为way,所以应用关系代词that或which。故填that/which。
2.(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the richness (rich) of gardening in England.
【答案】 which/that
【解析】 考查定语从句。句意:这座温室是当代设计的巅峰之作,位于追溯丝绸之路的道路尽头,将中国西南的植物容纳其中,将这些植物从亚洲的原生栖息地带到英格兰,定义了英格兰园艺的丰富性。空处引导定语从句,修饰先行词design,先行词指物,关系词在定语从句中作主语,用关系代词which或that引导从句。故填which/that。
3.(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)Chinese cultural elements commemorating (纪念) Tang Xianzu, is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia”, add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon, William Shakespeare's hometown.
【答案】 who
【解析】 考查定语从句。句意:为了纪念被誉为“亚洲莎士比亚”的汤显祖,中国文化元素为莎士比亚的故乡——埃文河畔的斯特拉特福增添了国际化的色彩。此处为定语从句的关系词,先行词为Tang Xianzu,在非限制性定语从句中作主语,表示人,用关系代词who引导。故填who。
4.(2024·全国甲卷)Yellowstone was the largest (large) United States national park—2.2 million acres—until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska, became a national monument in 1978, took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres.
【答案】 which
【解析】 考查定语从句。句意:黄石公园是美国最大的国家公园,占地220万英亩,直到1978年成为国家纪念碑的阿拉斯加南部的弗兰格尔-圣伊莱亚斯在1980年以1,230万英亩的面积作为国家公园获得这项荣誉。本空所在句子为定语从句,先行词为Wrangell-Saint Elias,在从句中作主语,指物,引导非限制性定语从句用which。故填which。
5.(2023·全国乙卷)But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life, with 21st-century architectural wonders (wonder) standing side by side with historical buildings of the past.
【答案】 which/that
【解析】 考查定语从句。句意:但对于所有的古建筑来说,北京也是一个欢迎现代生活快节奏发展的地方,21世纪的建筑奇迹与过去的历史建筑并存。此处为引导定语从句的关系代词,先行词为a place,在定语从句中作主语,所以用关系代词which或that引导。故填which/that。
6.(2023·全国甲卷)Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow”.
【答案】 as
【解析】 考查定语从句。句意:然而,正如雷切尔·卡森在《明日寓言》中所说,寓言的形式在今天仍然具有价值。引导非限制性定语从句,且有“正如”之意,用关系代词as引导。故填as。
7.(2023·全国甲卷)“There was once a town in the heart of America, all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with its surroundings,” her fable begins, borrowing(borrow) some familiar words from many age-old fables.
【答案】 where
【解析】 考查定语从句。句意:“从前,在美国的中心地带有一个小镇,那里所有的生命似乎都和周围的环境一起享受着和平的生活,”她的寓言是这样开头的,借用了许多古老寓言中的一些熟悉的词。句中先行词为town,在非限制性定语从句作地点状语,所以用关系副词where引导。故填where。
8.(2022·浙江1月卷)Kim Cobb, a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, is one of a small but growing minority of academics are cutting back on their air travel because of climate change.
【答案】 that/who
【解析】 考查定语从句。句意:亚特兰大佐治亚科技研究院的教授Kim Cobb是其中一个人数不多但是不断增加的少数学者中的一员,因为气候变化,他们正在削减他们的航空旅行。名词academics是先行词,后为定语从句,空处关系词在从句中作主语,应使用关系代词。故填that/who。
考点2
名词性从句的引导词
●辨明题类
当空处前后有两个句子,且空处所在的句子在另一个句子当中作主语、表语、宾语或同位语时,考虑名词性从句的引导词。
●技法点拨
1.当空处前后有两个句子,且空处所在的句子在另一个句子当中作主语、表语、宾语或同位语,若所填词在从句中不作成分,则考虑名词性从句的引导词that/whether/if。
(2024·河南省邓州市部分学校高三一模)Central to Confucianism is the idea that human beings are fundamentally good and they can improve through self-cultivation and self-creation.
【答案】 that
【解析】 考查名词性从句。句意:儒家思想的核心思想是,人类本质上是善良的,并且可以通过自我修养和自我创造来提升自己。本空引导同位语从句,从句不缺少成分,是完整的句子,所以用that引导。故填that。
2.当空处前后有两个句子,且空处所在的句子在另一个句子当中作主语、表语、宾语或同位语,若所填词在从句中作成分,则考虑名词性从句的引导词what/who/whom/which/how/why/when/where等。
(2024·山东省临沂市高三一模)However, made a difference among those who played an instrument was whether they continued to play or had only played in the past.
【答案】 what
【解析】 考查名词性从句。句意:然而,演奏乐器的人之间的差异在于他们是继续演奏还是只在过去演奏过。分析句子结构可知,空处引导主语从句,引导词在从句中作主语,指物,应用what引导。故填what。
●真题体验
1.(2024·浙江1月卷)If most of their customers are happy to buy larger quantities, that's they'll promote.
【答案】 what
【解析】 考查名词性从句。句意:如果他们的大多数客户都乐意大量购买,那他们就会推广。在表语从句中缺少宾语,且指事物,所以应用连接代词what。故填what。
2.(2024·全国甲卷)On a cool, starry night in mid-September 1870, four men relaxed before a campfire along the Firehole River in is now northwestern Wyoming.
【答案】 what
【解析】 考查名词性从句。句意:1870年9月中旬,在一个凉爽、繁星点点的夜晚,四个男人在火洞河边的营火前放松,这里现在是怀俄明州的西北部。后文为介词in的宾语,is前缺主语,指物,主语用what引导宾语从句,作介词in的宾语。故填what。
3.(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)This is they need an English trainer.
【答案】 why
【解析】 考查名词性从句。句意:这就是他们需要英语培训师的原因。分析句子结构可知,空处引导表语从句,从句中结构完整,应该用连接副词连接,前文提到需要培训师的原因,此处应用why引导表语从句。故填why。
4.(2022·浙江1月卷)Cobb, for her party, started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speak she could do so remotely; about three-quarters of the time, they agreed.When the answer was no, she declined the invitation (invite).
【答案】 whether/if
【解析】 考查名词性从句。句意:对于她的出席,Cobb开始询问邀请她的组织者是否可以远程进行。ask后面出现了一个宾语从句,宾语从句句意不完整,whether/if“是否”符合语境。故填whether/if。
考点3
状语从句的引导词
●辨明题类
当空处前后有两个句子,且空处所在的句子在另一个句子当中作状语时,考虑状语从句的引导词。
●技法点拨
当空处前后有两个句子,且空处所在的句子在另一个句子当中作状语时,根据从句所作的状语类型来确定状语从句的引导词。
(2024·浙江省精诚联盟高三三模)In the viewing area, visitors could feel the fresh air watching the show.
【答案】 when/while
【解析】 考查状语从句。句意:在观看区,游客可以在观看表演的同时感受新鲜的空气。此处为when或者while引导的时间状语从句。故填when/while。专题二 考法二 第2讲
模拟练 提考能
A
(2024·河北省承德市高三二模)
The Chinese character zhen(振), meaning “vitalize”, 1. (name) the nation's most popular character related to domestic affairs this year, while the character wei, 2. meaning is “risk” or “crisis”, was chosen as 3. (hot) for international topics.The characters are among a list of popular words, as well as phrases, 4. (collect) in an annual assessment organized by agencies including the Ministry of Education's National Language Resources Monitoring and Research Center and the Commercial Press publishing house.
Organizers explained that “vitalize” represents 5. upward trend and a gesture of trying to make an effort, and that's the spirit one should have 6. the face of challenges and obstacles, 7. it's a country or an individual.Meanwhile, it pointed out that internationally, the world's path has come to a crossroads amid wars and conflicts, sluggish economies, a 8. (wide) gap of development and a worsening environment.Organizers called for looking for opportunities hidden in these 9. (crisis) and using dialogue and cooperation to handle differences in order to build a fair, better world.
In addition to characters, gaozhiliang fazhan, or high-quality development, was chosen 10. (be) the key domestic phrase of the year, while ChatGPT was named the annual phrase in international topics.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了2023年中国国内和国际上最受欢迎的汉字和词汇。
1.was named 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:“振兴”的汉字“振”被评为今年国内最受欢迎的汉字,而汉字“危”则被选为最热门的国际话题。分析句子结构可知,此处缺少谓语动词,主语The character zhen与name之间为被动关系,结合下文时态可知,此处要使用一般过去时。故填was named。
2.whose 考查定语从句。句意:“振兴”的汉字“振”被评为今年国内最受欢迎的汉字,而汉字“危”则被选为最热门的国际话题。分析句子结构可知,此处为非限制性定语从句,先行词the character wei与从句主语meaning之间为所属关系,使用关系代词whose作定语。故填whose。
3.the hottest 考查形容词最高级。句意:“振兴”的汉字“振”被评为今年国内最受欢迎的汉字,而汉字“危”则被选为最热门的国际话题。此处用形容词最高级形式,作介词as的宾语。故填the hottest。
4.collected 考查非谓语动词。句意:这些字符是由教育部国家语言资源监测与研究中心和商务印书馆等机构组织的年度评估中收集的流行单词和短语列表之一。分析句子结构可知,句中已有谓语动词,且没有连接词,此处使用非谓语动词,a list of popular words, as well as phrases与collect之间为被动关系,使用过去分词作后置定语。故填collected。
5.an 考查冠词。句意:组织者解释说,“振兴”代表着一种上升趋势和努力的姿态,这是一个人在面对挑战和障碍时应该具备的精神,无论它是一个国家还是个人。trend“趋势”可数名词表泛指,前缺少不定冠词,upward以元音音素开头。故填an。
6.in 考查介词。句意:组织者解释说,“振兴”代表着一种上升趋势和努力的姿态,这是一个人在面对挑战和障碍时应该具备的精神,无论它是一个国家还是个人。in the face of意为“面对”。故填in。
7.whether 考查状语从句。句意:组织者解释说,“振兴”代表着一种上升趋势和努力的姿态,这是一个人在面对挑战和障碍时应该具备的精神,无论它是一个国家还是个人。此处使用whether...or....“无论……还是……”引导让步状语从句。故填whether。
8.widening 考查非谓语动词。句意:同时,报告指出,在国际上,世界道路已在战争和冲突、经济低迷、发展差距扩大和环境恶化中走到十字路口。分析句子结构可知,此处使用现在分词作定语修饰名词 gap。故填widening。
9.crises 考查名词的数。句意:组织者呼吁寻找隐藏在这些危机中的机会,并利用对话与合作来处理分歧,以建设一个公平、更美好的世界。根据空前的these可知,此处使用可数名词的复数形式。故填crises。
10.to be 考查非谓语动词。句意:除了文字,“高质量发展”被选为年度国内重点短语,而ChatGPT被评为年度国际主题短语。be chosen to be“被选作……”,故填to be。
B
(2024·浙江省义乌市高三二模)
Short-form videos, which gained popularity on the Chinese platform Douyin, have given rise to a new trend in entertainment:ultra-short (超短) dramas.1. (tailor) to our fast-paced lifestyles, ultra-short dramas are far more likely to attract people to try them out than traditional television series.In the past, committing 2. a show meant investing upwards of 40 minutes, but with ultra-short dramas, only a few minutes is enough for 3. taste.
Despite the initial success of ultra-short dramas, Chinese authorities 4. (tighten) regulations and intensifying monitoring on them.Currently, most of these ultra-short dramas revolve around clichéd (陈词滥调的) romantic plots, often 5. (feature) a wealthy individual getting together with a poor person.This narrative trend bears the potential 6. (shape) young minds' perceptions of reality and their approaches to real-life challenges.
What's equally concerning is 7. ultra-short dramas are designed to catch the viewers' attention with bite-sized runtimes.In a world dominated by smartphones, 8. attention spans are already declining, frequent 9. (expose) to ultra-short videos can only worsen the issue.
It's natural for us to seek entertainment.But it's also worth pausing to consider the consequences 10. diving into ultra-short dramas.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇议论文。文章讨论了一种新的娱乐趋势“超短剧”的有利因素和不利因素。
1.Tailored 考查非谓语动词。句意:为了适应我们快节奏的生活方式,超短剧比传统电视剧更有可能吸引人们去尝试。此处为非谓语,动词tailor和主语之间是被动关系,用其过去分词作状语,句首字母需大写。故填Tailored。
2.to 考查介词。句意:在过去,看一部剧意味着要花40分钟以上的时间,但对于超短剧来说,几分钟就足够了。commit to sth.“投入某事”。故填to。
3.a 考查冠词。句意:在过去,看一部剧意味着要花40分钟以上的时间,但对于超短剧来说,几分钟就足够了。可数名词taste是泛指概念,应用不定冠词限定。taste以辅音音素开头。故填a。
4.are tightening 考查时态和主谓一致。句意:尽管超短剧取得了初步成功,但中国当局正在收紧监管,加强对它们的监控。此处描述现在正在进行的动作,用现在进行时。故填are tightening。
5.featuring 考查非谓语动词。句意:目前,这些超短剧大多围绕着老套的浪漫情节展开,通常的特点是一个富人和一个穷人在一起。此处为非谓语,动词feature和主语之间是主动关系,用其现在分词作状语。故填featuring。
6.to shape 考查非谓语动词。句意:这种叙事趋势有可能塑造年轻人对现实的看法,以及他们应对现实挑战的方法。potential to do sth.表示“做某事的潜力”,不定式作后置定语。故填to shape。
7.that 考查名词性从句。句意:同样令人担忧的是,超短剧的设计目的是用简短的片长来吸引观众的注意力。此处引导表语从句,从句中意义完整,应用没有实际意义的连接词that引导。故填that。
8.where 考查定语从句。句意:在一个由智能手机主导的世界里,人们的注意力持续时间已经在下降,频繁地观看超短视频只会让这个问题变得更糟。此处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为world,从句中不缺少主语或宾语,应用关系副词where引导,作地点状语。故填where。
9.exposure 考查名词。句意:在一个由智能手机主导的世界里,人们的注意力持续时间已经在下降,频繁地观看超短视频只会让这个问题变得更糟。此处应用名词exposure(不可数)作句子主语。故填exposure。
10.before/of 考查介词。句意:但也值得停下来考虑一下,一头扎进超短剧的后果(但在一头扎进超短剧之前,也值得停下来考虑一下后果)。此处可用介词before构成介词短语作状语;也可用介词of构成介词短语作后置定语。故填before/of。
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)