(共25张PPT)
考法二 无提示词类
第3讲 填并列连词、代词和其他语境填词
专题二 语法填空
考点1
并列连词
●辨明题类
当空处前后是两个并列成分,如两个单词、短语或主谓结构完整的句子等,而且并列成分相互之间存在并列、转折、选择、因果关系等时,空处一般填并列连词。
●技法点拨
1.分析句子结构,发现有平行或对比的并列结构,如not...but,both...and,neither...nor等时,要考虑相应的并列连词搭配。
(2024·湖南省新高考教研联盟高三二模)Actually, the mindset of modernization with deep respect for the past isn't only unique to Suzhou an indicative factor of Nanjing.
【答案】 but
【解析】 考查连词。句意:事实上,这种对过去的深深尊重的现代化思维不仅是苏州独有的,也是南京的一个指示性因素。not only...but (also)...“不仅……而且……”是固定搭配。故填but。
2.分析句子结构,发现两个或几个单词、短语或句子之间是并列或转折等关系时,应考虑填and,but,yet,while,or或者so等。
(2024·河北省保定市高三一模)“We hope it can compete with the Statue of Liberty of the US, the sculpture of Bruce Lee, the Kungfu God of 1,000 Legs, is meant (mean) to symbolize Chinese wisdom, creativity and health,” artist Shu Yong said
【答案】 but
【解析】 考查连词。句意:艺术家舒勇说:“我们希望它能与美国的自由女神像一较高下,而1,000条腿的功夫之神李小龙的雕像象征着中国的智慧、创造力和健康。”空格前后构成转折关系,所以应用转折连词but。故填but。
●真题体验
1.(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language see how Tang's play was being performed.
【答案】 and
【解析】 考查连词。句意:听到中文,看到汤显祖的戏剧是如何被表演的,非常激动人心。空前“hear the Chinese language”和空后“see how Tang's play was being performed”为并列结构,用and连接。故填and。
2.(2024·浙江1月卷)Either your shopping is then too heavy to carry home you can't use what you've bought while it's still fresh.
【答案】 or
【解析】 考查连词。句意:要么你买的东西太重,搬不回家,要么你买的东西还新鲜,就不能用了。either...or...意为“要么……要么……”,所以此处应用连词or。故填or。
3.(2023·全国乙卷)It is a distinct visual contrast(反差) that shouldn't work, somehow these two very different worlds make a good combination.
【答案】 but
【解析】 考查连词。句意:这是一种明显的视觉对比,不应该起作用,但不知何故,这两个截然不同的世界却很好地结合在了一起。空前“It is a distinct visual contrast (反差) that shouldn't work”和空后“somehow these two very different worlds make a good combination”之间存在转折关系,用but。故填but。
4.(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)To eat one, you have to decide whether to bite(bite) a small hole in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill (溢出), to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue.
【答案】 or
【解析】 考查连词。句意:吃小笼包的时候,你必须要决定是先咬一个小口流出汤汁,还是把整个小笼包放进嘴里,让热汤在舌头上爆炸。whether...or...“是……还是……”,固定搭配。故填or。
5.(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)It's been an honor to watch the panda programme develop to see the pandas settle into their new home.
【答案】 and
【解析】 考查连词。句意:我很荣幸能看到熊猫项目的发展,看到熊猫们在新家安顿下来。文中“to watch the panda programme develop”和“to see the pandas settle into their new home”是并列关系,应该用and连接。故填and。
6.(2023·浙江1月卷)During China's dynastic period, emperors planned the city of Beijing arranged the residential areas according to social classes.
【答案】 and
【解析】 考查连词。句意:在中国的朝代时期,皇帝规划北京城并根据社会阶层安排居住区。分析句子结构可知,planned和arranged是并列的谓语动词,表示并列关系应用连词and连接。故填and。
7.(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)He hung on for a few minutes screamed for his father, but his father didn't hear him.
【答案】 and
【解析】 考查连词。句意:他坚持了几分钟,尖叫喊着他的父亲,但他的父亲没有听到他。根据句子结构可知,设空处应该用连词,连接hung和screamed两个动作。根据句意,此处表示并列关系。故填and。
8.(2022·全国乙卷)The “First International Tea Day Tea Road Cooperative Initiative” issued (发布) at the ceremony calls for people working in the tea industry to come together to promote international cooperation cultural exchanges.
【答案】 and
【解析】 考查连词。句意:仪式上发布的“首个国际茶日万里茶道合作倡议”呼吁茶业人士团结起来,促进国际合作和文化交流。名词international cooperation和cultural exchanges为并列成分,作动词promote的宾语。故填and。
考点2
代词
●辨明题类
近几年,高考对代词的考查主要集中在代词的基本用法上,因此这类试题一般较为简单。语法填空侧重对it用法的考查。考生在解题时要根据语境、句意判断人称和数,仔细阅读上下文,根据代词具体指代的对象和在句中充当的成分,确定代词的格。未来高考对代词的考查将继续侧重代词的基本用法,并会加强语境的真实性和复杂性。
●技法点拨
1.当句中缺少主语或宾语时,一般要填代词,主要包括人称代词、不定代词和it等。
①如果空处前文出现了单数名词,并且空处作主语,可根据代指的情况用he,she或it;
②如果空处前文出现了单数名词,并且空处作宾语,可根据代指的情况用him,her或it;
③如果空处前文出现了复数名词,并且空处作主语,用they;
④如果空处前文出现了复数名词,并且空处作宾语,用them。
(2024·广东省佛山市高三二模)Combining(combine) classical elegance with modern simplicity, the horse face skirt is said to perfectly suit the contemporary culture and lifestyle of young people, making a fashion icon (标志).
【答案】 it
【解析】 考查代词。句意:马面裙结合了古典的优雅和现代的简约,据说它非常适合当代年轻人的文化和生活方式,使其成为时尚标志。此处指代上文the horse face skirt,应用代词it。故填it。
2.空处所在句子缺主语或宾语,但不是定语从句、名词性从句,则很有可能填it。
①指代天气、时间、距离等;
②代替上文提到过的事物;
③it可作形式主语或形式宾语;
④it常用的固定句型:
It takes/took sb./sth.to do sth.
It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他
It+be+形容词+of/for sb.to do sth.
It is no good/no use/useless/a waste of time doing sth.
Sb.hates/likes/enjoys it that...某人讨厌/喜欢……
When it comes to...当谈到……
as sb.puts it正如某人所言
make it成功
(2024·福建省泉州市鲤城区高三模拟预测)So the tourism authorities in Shanxi and Shandong provinces find a must to promote their enriched tourism resources on social media.
【答案】 it
【解析】 考查代词。句意:因此,山西和山东两省的旅游部门发现必须在社交媒体上推广他们丰富的旅游资源。此处应用it作形式宾语,真正的宾语是后面的不定式短语 to promote their enriched tourism resources。故填it。
3.一句话中前面出现了单数名词、不可数名词或复数名词,后面再次提到,但所指同名不同物,应考虑用指示代词 that或those。
①同一句话中前面出现了单数名词或者不可数名词,后面再次提到用that;
②同一句话中前面出现了复数名词,后面再次提到用those。
(2024·浙江省绍兴市高三二模)Realising the importance of field research outweighed of extensive reading, in 1565 Li travelled far and wide into the mountains and wilderness.
【答案】 that
【解析】 考查代词。句意:李意识到实地考察的重要性超过了广泛阅读的重要性,于是在1565年跋山涉水。空处代指前文提到的the importance,应用that替代。故填that。
考点3
其他语境填词
●辨明题类
不符合上述情况的无提示词的填空,主要考虑固定搭配、特殊副词如however、特殊句型或情态动词、助动词。
●技法点拨
分析句子结构,看是否是倒装句或强调句,再根据句意或固定搭配进行填空。
(2024·广西梧州市高三三模)La rou in general refers to pork products. , other cured meat, la wei, is made across China depending on local availability by using goose, duck, rabbit, and even seafood.
【答案】 However
【解析】 考查副词。句意:然而,其他腌肉,如腊味,则是在中国各地根据当地的供应情况制作的,原料包括鹅、鸭、兔肉,甚至海鲜。空前“La rou in general refers to pork products”和空后“other cured meat, la wei, is made across China depending on local availability by using goose, duck, rabbit, and even seafood”之间存在转折关系,用however;出现在句首,首字母需大写。故填However。
●真题体验
(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)“I don't know to thank him.”
【答案】 how
【解析】 考查特殊疑问词。句意:我不知道如何去感谢他。根据句子结构可知,设空处是特殊疑问词+to do不定式结构作宾语。根据句意,how意为“如何”,符合句意。故填how。 专题二 考法二 第3讲
模拟练 提考能
A
(2024·青海省海东市高三一模)
1. is difficult to determine the exact origin of International Women's Day (IWD).However, it is known that in 1908, 15,000 women marched through New York City, 2. (demand) voting rights, better pay and 3. (short) working hours.
4. following year, the first National Women's Day was observed in the US on February 28, according to an announcement by the Socialist Party of America.In 1910, Clara Zetkin, leader of the Women's Office for the Social Democratic Party in Germany, 5. (propose) the idea of International Women's Day.She suggested that every country celebrate International Women's Day 6. one day every year to push for their demands.A meeting of over 100 women from 17 countries agreed to her suggestion, and International Women's Day was formed.In 1911, March 19th marked the first 7. (celebrate) of International Women's Day in Austria, Denmark, Germany 8. Switzerland.
In 1913, the decision was made 9. (change) the date to March 8th, and it has been celebrated on that day ever since.The United Nations only recognised the day in 1975.Since then, a theme 10. (create) for International Women's Day.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要叙述了国际妇女节的发展历程。
1.It 考查代词。句意:国际妇女节的确切起源很难确定。It is difficult to do sth.是固定句型,因此空格处是it作形式主语,真正的主语是后面的不定式短语。故填It。
2.demanding 考查非谓语动词。句意:然而,众所周知,在1908年,15,000名妇女在纽约市游行,要求投票权、提高工资和缩短工作时间。句中谓语是marched,空格处用非谓语动词,women和demand之间是主动关系,因此空格处用现在分词表主动。故填demanding。
3.shorter 考查形容词比较级。句意:然而,众所周知,在1908年,15,000名妇女在纽约市游行,要求投票权、提高工资和缩短工作时间。由前面的better可知,空格处用比较级shorter。故填shorter。
4.The 考查冠词。句意:第二年,根据美国社会党的声明,美国在2月28日庆祝了第一个全国妇女节。the following year作状语,位于句首,首字母需大写。故填The。
5.proposed 考查时态。句意:1910年,德国社会民主党妇女办公室负责人Clara Zetkin提出了设立国际妇女节的想法。由In 1910可知,句子时态是一般过去时,空格处用过去式。故填proposed。
6.on 考查介词。句意:她建议各国在每年的某一天庆祝国际妇女节,以推动她们的要求。day前要用介词on。故填on。
7.celebration 考查名词。句意:1911年3月19日,奥地利、丹麦、德国和瑞士首次庆祝国际妇女节。the first后要跟名词,celebrate的名词是celebration,由the first可知,空格处用单数。故填celebration。
8.and 考查连词。句意:1911年3月19日,奥地利、丹麦、德国和瑞士首次庆祝国际妇女节。Austria, Denmark, Germany和Switzerland之间是并列关系,因此空格处用and表并列。故填and。
9.to change 考查非谓语动词。句意:1913年,决定将日期改为3月8日,从那以后就一直在这一天庆祝。空格处用不定式作decision的后置定语。故填to change。
10.has been created 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:从那时起,国际妇女节就有了一个主题。由Since then可知,句子时态是现在完成时,主题是被创造,因此空格处用被动语态,主语theme是单数。故填has been created。
B
(2024·河北省承德市部分示范性高三二模)
An ancient species of great ape (猿) likely disappeared hundreds of thousands of years ago when climate change put their favourite fruits out of reach during dry seasons, scientists 1. (recent) reported.
The species is called Gigantopithecus blacki.It once lived in southern China.It stood 3 metres tall and weighed up to 295 kilogrammes.It represents the largest great ape 2. (know) to scientists.
The huge apes likely looked similar 3. the modern orangutan (猩猩).It survived for around 2 million years in the forested land of China's Guangxi area.They ate plants that included fruits and flowers—until the environment began to change.
4. (start) about 600,000 years ago, Guangxi's forests began producing fewer fruits.The area was experiencing more periods of dry weather.
As the climate changed, smaller apes may have been able to climb trees to search for 5. (difference) food.But the researchers found that the giant apes ate more food that provided 6. (little) nutrients.
Most of 7. scientists know about the extinct great apes comes from studying their remains, or fossils.The fossilized bones they studied included 8. (tooth) and four large lower jawbones.All of the fossils were found in southern China.No complete skeletons 9. (find) so far.
It was between around 2 million and 22 million years ago 10. many species of great apes lived in Africa, Europe, and Asia, fossil records show.Today, only gorillas, chimpanzees, bonobos, orangutans and humans remain.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在中国一种古老的类人猿可能在数十万年前就消失了,当时的气候变化使它们在旱季无法获得最喜欢的水果。
1.recently 考查副词。句意:科学家最近报道,一种古老的类人猿可能在数十万年前消失了,当时气候变化使它们最喜欢的水果在旱季遥不可及。此处修饰动词reported,应用副词形式。故填recently。
2.known 考查非谓语动词。句意:它代表了科学已知最大的类人猿种类。空处需要非谓语动词作定语,该动词和修饰的名词the largest great ape之间为被动关系,所以用过去分词作定语。故填known。
3.to 考查介词。句意:这些巨大的猿类外观可能与现代的猩猩相似。此处为be similar to固定搭配,意为“与……相似”。故填to。
4.Starting 考查非谓语动词。句意:大约始于60万年前,广西的森林开始结出较少的果实。空处需要非谓语动词作状语,该动词和其逻辑主语Guangxi's forests之间为主动关系,所以用现在分词作状语,单词位于句首,首字母大写。故填Starting。
5.different 考查形容词。句意:随着气候的变化,较小的猿类或许能够爬上树去寻找不同的食物。此处修饰名词food,应用形容词作定语。故填different。
6.less 考查形容词比较级。句意:但研究人员发现,巨型猿吃的更多食物提供了更少的营养。根据“the giant apes ate more food”可知,空处需要形容词的比较级,表示提供的营养比之前或比其他食物更少。故填less。
7.what 考查名词性从句。句意:科学家对灭绝的大猿的大部分了解来自于对其遗骸或化石的研究。分析句子结构可知,空处引导宾语从句。宾语从句中缺少宾语,表示“了解的东西”,所以用what引导该从句。故填what。
8.teeth 考查名词的数。句意:他们研究的化石骨头包括牙齿和四块大型下颌骨。根据“and four large lower jawbones”可知,空处需要该名词的复数形式,表示研究的不止一颗牙齿。故填teeth。
9.have been found 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:到目前为止,还没有发现完整的骨骼。分析句子结构可知,空处为句子的谓语动词。根据so far可知,句子的时态为现在完成时。主语和该动词之间为被动关系,主语为复数。故填have been found。
10.that 考查强调句型。句意:化石记录显示,大约在200万到2,200万年前,多种大猿生活在非洲、欧洲和亚洲。此处使用了强调句型It was...that...,强调时间状语between around 2 million and 22 million years ago,表明这是大猿广泛分布的时期。故填that。
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