阅读理解之说明文
备战2025年中考英语新课标（核心素养）二轮复习之优秀生拔高重难题型特训
【预测分析】
一、重难点分析
1、文本结构与逻辑关系
说明文常以总分总、因果分析、现象-解释等结构展开，需识别段落主旨句（首尾句）及逻辑连接词（e.g., however, therefore）。
难点：处理隐含逻辑（如对比、举例论证）及跨段落信息整合。
2、专业术语与长难句理解
涉及科技、环保、社会现象等主题时，可能出现生僻词汇（如AI-related术语、环境科学概念）。
难点：长难句的语法结构分析（如定语从句、被动语态），需提取主干信息。
3、细节定位与推理判断
直接信息题（如数据、定义）相对简单，但推理题 （如作者意图、现象原因）需结合上下文逻辑，易因过度推断失分。
难点：区分事实与观点，排除干扰项（如绝对化表述）。
4、图表与文本结合
可能搭配流程图、数据表等，需快速匹配图文信息，分析数据变化趋势或因果关系。
二、解题步骤（四步法）
1、速读定位（Skimming）
明确文章主题（首段+末段），划出段落主题句，标注关键词（如时间、地点、专有名词）。
技巧：用符号标记题型（如细节题→D，推理题→I）。
2、精准查读（Scanning）
根据题干关键词（人名、数字、术语）回原文定位，对比选项与原文是否一致（注意同义替换）。
避坑：避免主观臆断，答案需“有据可循”。
3、逻辑分析（Logic Analysis）
对推理题，梳理因果链（e.g., Why does A lead to B ）；对主旨题，关注高频词及作者态度词（e.g., surprisingly, unfortunately）。
技巧：用“排除法”剔除无关或过度推断选项。
4、复核查验（Verification）
特别检查含绝对化词汇的选项（must, never）及与原文矛盾的选项；确认图表题数据对应正确。
三、预测分析（2025年趋势）
1、题材预测
科技类：人工智能应用（如教育、医疗）、新能源技术（如氢能、太阳能）。
社会类：传统文化保护（如非遗技艺）、青少年心理健康问题。
环境类：垃圾分类政策、极端气候现象（如厄尔尼诺效应）。
2、题型设计
细节题占比约50%，侧重数据、步骤、定义类信息；
推理题增加跨段落信息整合难度；
词义猜测题可能结合上下文语境考查专业术语（如carbon footprint）。
创新形式：可能出现“图文结合”题（如流程图解说明文）。
3、能力考察重点
信息筛选效率：限时训练（每篇≤8分钟）；
长难句拆解：主谓剥离法（先找主干，后理修饰）；
逻辑敏感度：积累常见逻辑信号词（e.g., on the contrary, in conclusion）。
四、备考建议
语料积累：精读《21世纪英文报》、National Geographic Kids等外刊说明文，整理高频话题词汇。
真题演练：研究近3年徐州市中考真题，总结本地命题偏好（如偏爱“解决问题型”说明文）。
思维训练：用思维导图梳理文章结构，强化“问题-解决方案”“现象-影响-对策”等逻辑框架意识。
示例预测题：
题材：AI在农业中的应用
考点：细节定位（无人机监测作物）、推理判断（技术对农民收入的影响）、词义猜测（sustainable farming）。
通过系统训练逻辑思维与文本分析能力，考生可有效突破说明文阅读难点，在中考中取得高分。
【基础试题】
A
Teen Confidence Workshop
At Outstanding Youth, we’re committed to improving teenagers’ confidence, which is key to their future success. Our Teen Confidence Workshop is an interactive online program which helps teens grow in confidence in a supportive virtual (虚拟的) community.
Who Can Join
If you’re a teen aged 13 to 18 and want to improve self-confidence, our workshop is perfect for you. We keep groups small to make sure everyone gets a chance to take part and learn together.
What Happens
At the workshop, you’ll learn 12 useful tools that are practical and easy to apply. They’re made to fit different situations, so you can face anything confidently and calmly.
Details
·Duration (持续时间): Two full, successive days (e. g. , Wednesday and Thursday).
·Cost:
Number of members Price per member
1 $75
2-4 $70
5-10 $65
·Booking: Booking at least two weeks in advance is advised.
How We Teach
Our teaching method is “Learning by Doing”. We believe that true confidence comes from practice and experience, not just from textbooks or videos.
Take this chance to improve your self-confidence in a friendly atmosphere. Sign up for the Teen Confidence Workshop!
1．What is the purpose of the workshop
A．To improve teens’ self-confidence. B．To offer teens tools.
C．To teach communication skills. D．To help teens find jobs.
2．How much should a group of six pay
A．$450. B．$390. C．$420. D．$360.
3．How does the workshop mainly teach
A．By discussing in groups. B．By making videos.
C．By practicing and experiencing. D．By explaining the textbook.
B
Tanghulu is a special and sweet childhood memory of many Chinese people. When winter comes, you can see people selling Tanghulu on each street in Beijing. Bright red in colour, with a perfect sweet-and-sour taste, Tanghulu is a popular traditional snack in most parts of northern China. In the past, people mainly used the hawthorn (山楂) to make Tanghulu. But now, people prefer to use other fruits like oranges, bananas, grapes and strawberries. To make the perfect Tanghulu, you can follow these steps:
Prepare what you need:
Hawthorns or other fruits, white sugar and water.
Step 1 Start off by washing the hawthorns or any other fruit you choose. After that, dry the fruit first. Don’t forget this step.
Step 2 Put the fruit on bamboo sticks. If you use long sticks, put 4—6 pieces of fruit on each stick. If you use short ones, 1—3 pieces are enough.
Step 3 Add water and white sugar in a pan and then mix them well. Heat the pan until bubbles appear and color changes. When doing this, you can test the temperature of the mixture (混合物) by dipping (浸) a spoon of the mixture in cold water. When the mixture becomes hard at once, you have the right temperature. It is the key to making the perfect Tanghulu.
Step 4 Now, dip each fruit stick into the sugar mixture to easily coat the fruit. Remember to turn it to coat all of the sides.
Step 5 Finally, put each stick on a plate. Remember to leave enough space between each other to stop them from sticking. After a few minutes, you can taste them.
With the step-by-step instructions, you can have a try at home. Try with different kinds of fruits to see which taste you like best.
1．What does the writer tell us about Tanghulu in Paragraph 1
A．Size and colour. B．Colour and taste. C．Size and taste. D．History and size.
2．After washing the fruit, what should we do first
A．Make it dry. B．Heat it in a pan.
C．Put it on bamboo sticks. D．Dip it in the sugar mixture.
3．What does Step 5 mainly tell us
A．How often you can taste it. B．When to cool the fruit sticks.
C．Where to put the fruit sticks. D．Who can taste the fruit sticking.
C
There are many classical cultures in China. All of them have a very long history. Here we introduce four of them.
Chinese Folk Music Chinese folk music has a long history. It is connected with Chinese ancient stories. One of the classics, Shijing, includes some folk songs in 15 different areas from the West Zhou Dynasty to the Spring and Autumn Period. Traditional Chinese musical instruments include guqin, guzheng, pipa, erhu, xiao and so on.
Weiqi Weiqi, called yi in ancient China, is a smart board game between two players with a history of over 4,000 years. The game can be treated as the beginning of all ancient chess games.
Chinese Handwriting Chinese handwriting is a special art to Asian cultures. Brush handwriting is much loved around the world. Wang Xizhi is very famous for his handwriting. He made a great difference to the development of Chinese handwriting.
Chinese Painting Chinese painting is one of the oldest traditional painting forms in the world. Traditional Chinese painting includes mountains and water painting, figures (人物) painting, flowers and birds painting. The highest form of Chinese painting is mountains and water painting.
1．Which of the following is a traditional Chinese musical instrument
A．Guitar. B．Violin. C．Erhu. D．Piano.
2．Wang Xizhi played an important role in ________.
A．Weiqi B．Chinese handwriting
C．Chinese folk music D．Chinese painting
3．What do the listed Chinese classical cultures have in common
A．They are all popular around the world.
B．They make a big difference to the Chinese development.
C．They have a very long history in China.
D．Few people like these classical cultures in China.
【提升试题】
A
You may have played the game of ping-pong. Or you may have seen other people play the game. But did you ever wonder how it got its name Or did you wonder when people started playing ping-pong
How Ping-Pong Got Its Name？
Actually, it’s easy to figure out how ping-pong got its name. It’s the sound you hear when the small plastic ball bounces on the table. Ping-pong was first called ‘table tennis’. That is because ping-pong is very much like the game of tennis. But ping-pong is not played on a court. It is played on a nine-feet-long and five-feet-wide table.
The First Ping-Pong Games
Before people played ping-pong, the game of tennis was very popular. The game of tennis is played outdoors. No one knows who played the first game of table tennis. It’s fun to think about what may have happened. Maybe a group of friends were stuck inside on a rainy day. Maybe they wished they could play tennis. They may have had a large table and put a net across the table. Maybe they used their tennis rackets to hit the ball and play. Maybe they invented the new game of table tennis.
________
Ping-pong tables look a lot like tennis courts. They have white lines painted on them. They have a net like a tennis court. The net goes across the middle of the table. Like tennis players, ping-pong players try to hit a ball over the net. In tennis, players use rackets with string. In ping-pong, players use small, wooden paddles with rubber pads.
Ping-Pong Today
People all over the world love the game of ping-pong. Children and grown-ups play. Some people join teams to play. It’s still a fun indoor sport.
Are you ready for an exciting game of ping-pong Get a friend. Get the paddles. Get the ball. Hit the ball. Fast. Ping-pong, ping-pong!
1．Ping-Pong got its name because ________.
A．ping-pong is very much like the game of tennis.
B．easy to figure out the way of playing it.
C．the sound when the small plastic ball bounces on the table.
D．It is played on a nine-feet-long and five-feet-wide table.
2．Which is the best sentence to fill in on the line
A．Tennis and Ping-Pong.
B．Ping-Pong players.
C．The advantage of Ping-Pong.
D．What does Ping-pong tables look like
3．Which of the following is true according to the passage
A．Ping-pong is the same as tennis except the place to play at.
B．People guessed a lot about the first Ping-pong games.
C．Tennis players needn’t to hit a ball over the net.
D．Though many people play Ping-pong indoors, it’s not an indoor sport.
B
Chinese Five-Animal Exercises
“Humans can develop certain abilities we aren’t born with by practicing animals’ movements,” the traditional Chinese Wushu lovers believed in the past, and do today.
Chinese Five-Animal Exercises, also known as Wuqinxi, are the first complete set of qigong exercises following the movements of animals: monkeys, deer, birds, bears and tigers. They were created by one of the greatest doctors in Chinese history, Hua Tuo, more than 1,800 years ago.
“The bear movements are good for the stomach. The tiger movements can reduce the pain in the back. The deer movements help reduce the fat around the waist (腰). The bird movements can help keep our knees healthy and the monkey movements can be good for the heart.” said Hua Yi, the 59th inheritor (继承人) of Wuqinxi.
For those new learners, you may find it hard to focus. Wear comfortable clothes, keep peaceful in your mind, try to move slowly…Little by little, you’ll feel more and more harmonious with nature. You may even feel you become a tiger or a deer, walking in the forest freely.
These exercises need no tools and they are easy to learn. You can search online for the videos and practice them at any time when you feel like relaxing your body and mind. Because it’s fun to practice and good for health, Five-Animal Exercises are becoming more and more popular in recent years, not only in China, but also in many other places of the world.
1．Why do people practice Five-Animal Exercises
A．To fight against others. B．To protect wild animals.
C．To play as a group game. D．To improve their health.
2．The underlined word “harmonious” in Paragraph 4 probably means “________” in Chinese.
A．和谐的 B．兴奋的 C．敬畏的 D．肤浅的
3．What’s the best title of the passage
A．The History of Wuqinxi B．Chinese Five-Animal Exercises
C．The Advantages of Wuqinxi D．A Great Doctor Hua Tuo
C
There is a traditional toy called taiping nijiaojiao. It is a clay toy and also a whistle (哨子) in Zhenjiang, Jiangsu. It has a history of over 1,000 years.
Taiping nijiaojiao is made of the mud from the local mountain. It takes more than ten steps to make the clay toy, and the key step is to knead (捏) it with your hands. You can knead the clay toy into any shape, like animals and plants. The blowhole is the most difficult part to make, for the size of the blowhole makes a difference to the sound. While coloring, you can use traditional cultural elements (元素) that carry good meanings. It’s hard to make taiping nijiaojiao. But when you finally make it, you will feel proud of yourself.
Zhou Baokang, a lover of folk art, learned how to make the clay toy from local artists about 20 years ago. He wants more people to know about it, so he has opened a museum to introduce the clay toy. He teaches kids how to make the clay toy, too.
There are many traditional art forms in China, but some of them have been lost. Luckily, the traditional clay toy taiping nijiaojiao is kept to this day.
1．What is taiping nijiaojiao
A．A toy. B．An animal. C．A plant. D．A museum.
2．What does the underlined word “mud” mean in Paragraph 2
A．Soft silk. B．Clean water. C．Wet earth. D．Dead wood.
3．What’s the best title for the passage
A．Shapes of the Clay Toy B．A Lover of Folk Art
C．Ways of Making a Clay Toy D．A traditional Clay toy
【拔高试题】
A
Scientists have calculated(计算) that almost 2,000 nearby stars—and hundreds of possible Earth-like planets around those stars—have had a clear view of Earth during human civilization(人类文明时期).
If any of those planets have life, someone out there could find that there’s life back here based on oxygen in our atmosphere(大气), or by radio waves from human sources.
One way humans look for planets is by watching them pass in front of the star they are orbiting(环绕), which dims(使变暗淡) the stars light slightly. Lisa Kaltenegger, director of the Carl Sagan Institute at Cornell University(康奈尔大学卡尔·萨根研究所) and Jacqueline Faherty of the American Museum of Natural History wisely turned that around, looking to see what star systems could watch Earth as it passes in front of the sun.
They looked at the 331,312 stars within 326 light years of Earth—one light-year is 9.5 trillion kilometers. The angle(角度) to see Earth pass in front of the sun is so small that only 1,715 of those stars could see our planet at some point in the last 5,000 years, including 313 that can no longer see us because we’ve moved out of view.
Another 319 stars will be able to see Earth in the next 5,000 years, including a few star systems where scientists have already found Earth-like planets.
The closest star on Kaltenegger’s list is Wolf 359, which is 7.9 light years away. It has been able to see us since the mid 1970s.
1．According to Paragraph 4, we know light years are units of ________.
A．time B．area C．length D．weight
2．If scientists find radio waves from human sources on another planet, we can infer(推断) that ________.
A．the planet is near us B．the planet has life on it
C．the planet travels around Earth D．the planet has a good angle to see Earth
3．From the passage, we can learn ________.
A．Earth is the only planet for humans to live on
B．life on every planet can have a clear view of Earth
C．1715 stars could see Earth because they are the closest
D．Earth’s passing in front of the sun will dim the sunlight
B
Some people are worried that wearing masks will have a bad effect on children’s ability to learn language and socialize. Even parents often worry about how a school year without smiles might negatively(消极地) influence their children.
These worries are understandable, but according to Dr. Danovitch, a research psychologist, who studies the cognitive(认知的) and social development of children, wearing a mask at school could improve certain social and cognitive skills, helping to strengthen abilities like self-control and attention. Take language learning as an example. It’s true that masks cover our mouths and that seeing mouth shape and movement helps babies learn language. But learning how to communicate involves a lot more than mouths. Looking at eyes is at least as important as looking at mouths to understand the people you are looking at and what they are trying to express. Children also make use of other signs to figure out what new words mean and what other people are thinking. A classroom full of people wearing masks is a great chance for children to practice paying attention to those signs, such as a classmate’s tone of voice or a teacher’s body language.
Wearing a mask can also help teach children to pay more attention to their own bodies and physical behaviors. Keeping a mask on over the course of a school day involves the kind of self-control that many children find challenging. Needless to say, children will not always be perfect at keeping their masks on, but they have to be mindful of when their masks are slipping down or when it is OK to take them off. The research on self-control suggests that children who master the skills needed to keep their masks on will grow up to be better at achieving their long-term goals.
Perhaps most importantly, wearing masks during a pandemic(流行病) is a chance for children to practice caring for their community. A recent study shows that children understand the spread of illness better than ever. Wearing a mask gives young children the ability to do something to help protect other people. For older children, mask-wearing is a way to teach them about duty and sacrifice(牺牲). They believe that it feels good to make sacrifices for people in need. Stressing that the discomfort and inconvenience of mask-wearing are forms of caring and public service might encourage children to address other social problems in their lives.
In fact, how children feel about wearing masks at school, and how much they benefit from wearing them, are going to depend on how the parents, teachers and caregivers around them present the topic. Masks are hopefully not here to stay, but while they are still necessary, we should make the most of them.
1．What does the writer tell us in Paragraph 2
A．A teacher uses body language to teach what new words mean.
B．Wearing masks gives children a chance to practice paying attention.
C．Dr. Danovitch helps children with their cognitive and social development.
D．Looking at the mouth matters more than looking at the eyes when people talk.
2．What can we learn from the passage
A．It is unknown if mask-wearing helps children improve social skills.
B．Children believe that the discomfort of mask-wearing is acceptable.
C．People’s thoughts and emotions are hidden when they are wearing masks.
D．Children who know when to keep their masks on will probably be successful.
3．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage
A．How to Help Children Develop Skills
B．How to Be Perfect at Keeping Masks On
C．Wearing Masks Can Help Children Learn
D．Wearing Masks Can Solve Social Problems
C
In English-language news, when you read about "relations between Beijing and Washington", it actually means "relations between China and the US". That's how important capital cities are -they stand for the country. The capital city has many roles. It is home to the central government as well as a center for cultural and economic activities. However, capital cities usually have a large population, which can be a big problem.
In August, 2019, Indonesia said that it will build a new capital on the island of Borneo. One of the reasons for this is that Jakarta, the current capital, is overpopulated. In Jakarta, the traffic is heavy and the areas people live in are crowded. What's worse, the ground has been going down at an average rate of about 10 centimeters a year and in some northern parts the ground is already 2 to 4 meters below the sea level. Rising sea levels linked (关联) to climate change could make the problem even worse in the future.
Last century, Rio de Janeiro, the then capital of Brazil, was overpopulated as well. In 1960, the country moved its capital to Brasilia to solve this problem. People believed that if they moved the capital to a less-developed city, Brazil would have more balanced development. This turned out to be right.
Many capital cities are facing problems as they develop. Besides building a new one, maybe new technology can help solve some of the problems.
Beijing In 2015, China's government called for building "smart" cities and planned to turn Beijing into one of these cities. A new sub-center in the city's Tongzhou district will be the testing ground for this idea. "Smart" technology will be used to solve traffic problems, control air pollution and recycle garbage.
Tokyo The capital of Japan is working to make itself a "green" city. People are encouraged to plant trees on their rooftops. The city will use technology to recycle rainwater and turn a landfill into a forest.
Singapore Singapore is a city-state. It is using internet of things(物联网）technology to help save energy. In public housing, smart sensors (传感器) remind people of how much water and electricity they are using.
1．With the example of Brazil, the writer tries to tell us that .
A．it can be a good choice to move a country's capital
B．Indonesia can move its capital city Jakarta to Brazil
C．it is right for every country to change its capital city
D．most capital cities usually have a large population
2．What can we learn from the passage
A．Capital city can represent all the roles of the country.
B．Water will cover the current capital of Indonesia soon.
C．Beijing has solved many problems by using technology.
D．Both Japan and Singapore are working to save energy.
3．The passage mainly talks about _______.
A．how to use new technology smartly B．how to solve the problems of capital cities
C．what the problems of capital cities are D．what the relationship between capital cities is阅读理解之说明文
备战2025年中考英语新课标（核心素养）二轮复习之优秀生拔高重难题型特训
【预测分析】
一、重难点分析
1、文本结构与逻辑关系
说明文常以总分总、因果分析、现象-解释等结构展开，需识别段落主旨句（首尾句）及逻辑连接词（e.g., however, therefore）。
难点：处理隐含逻辑（如对比、举例论证）及跨段落信息整合。
2、专业术语与长难句理解
涉及科技、环保、社会现象等主题时，可能出现生僻词汇（如AI-related术语、环境科学概念）。
难点：长难句的语法结构分析（如定语从句、被动语态），需提取主干信息。
3、细节定位与推理判断
直接信息题（如数据、定义）相对简单，但推理题 （如作者意图、现象原因）需结合上下文逻辑，易因过度推断失分。
难点：区分事实与观点，排除干扰项（如绝对化表述）。
4、图表与文本结合
可能搭配流程图、数据表等，需快速匹配图文信息，分析数据变化趋势或因果关系。
二、解题步骤（四步法）
1、速读定位（Skimming）
明确文章主题（首段+末段），划出段落主题句，标注关键词（如时间、地点、专有名词）。
技巧：用符号标记题型（如细节题→D，推理题→I）。
2、精准查读（Scanning）
根据题干关键词（人名、数字、术语）回原文定位，对比选项与原文是否一致（注意同义替换）。
避坑：避免主观臆断，答案需“有据可循”。
3、逻辑分析（Logic Analysis）
对推理题，梳理因果链（e.g., Why does A lead to B ）；对主旨题，关注高频词及作者态度词（e.g., surprisingly, unfortunately）。
技巧：用“排除法”剔除无关或过度推断选项。
4、复核查验（Verification）
特别检查含绝对化词汇的选项（must, never）及与原文矛盾的选项；确认图表题数据对应正确。
三、预测分析（2025年趋势）
1、题材预测
科技类：人工智能应用（如教育、医疗）、新能源技术（如氢能、太阳能）。
社会类：传统文化保护（如非遗技艺）、青少年心理健康问题。
环境类：垃圾分类政策、极端气候现象（如厄尔尼诺效应）。
2、题型设计
细节题占比约50%，侧重数据、步骤、定义类信息；
推理题增加跨段落信息整合难度；
词义猜测题可能结合上下文语境考查专业术语（如carbon footprint）。
创新形式：可能出现“图文结合”题（如流程图解说明文）。
3、能力考察重点
信息筛选效率：限时训练（每篇≤8分钟）；
长难句拆解：主谓剥离法（先找主干，后理修饰）；
逻辑敏感度：积累常见逻辑信号词（e.g., on the contrary, in conclusion）。
四、备考建议
语料积累：精读《21世纪英文报》、National Geographic Kids等外刊说明文，整理高频话题词汇。
真题演练：研究近3年徐州市中考真题，总结本地命题偏好（如偏爱“解决问题型”说明文）。
思维训练：用思维导图梳理文章结构，强化“问题-解决方案”“现象-影响-对策”等逻辑框架意识。
示例预测题：
题材：AI在农业中的应用
考点：细节定位（无人机监测作物）、推理判断（技术对农民收入的影响）、词义猜测（sustainable farming）。
通过系统训练逻辑思维与文本分析能力，考生可有效突破说明文阅读难点，在中考中取得高分。
【基础试题】
A
Teen Confidence Workshop
At Outstanding Youth, we’re committed to improving teenagers’ confidence, which is key to their future success. Our Teen Confidence Workshop is an interactive online program which helps teens grow in confidence in a supportive virtual (虚拟的) community.
Who Can Join
If you’re a teen aged 13 to 18 and want to improve self-confidence, our workshop is perfect for you. We keep groups small to make sure everyone gets a chance to take part and learn together.
What Happens
At the workshop, you’ll learn 12 useful tools that are practical and easy to apply. They’re made to fit different situations, so you can face anything confidently and calmly.
Details
·Duration (持续时间): Two full, successive days (e. g. , Wednesday and Thursday).
·Cost:
Number of members Price per member
1 $75
2-4 $70
5-10 $65
·Booking: Booking at least two weeks in advance is advised.
How We Teach
Our teaching method is “Learning by Doing”. We believe that true confidence comes from practice and experience, not just from textbooks or videos.
Take this chance to improve your self-confidence in a friendly atmosphere. Sign up for the Teen Confidence Workshop!
1．What is the purpose of the workshop
A．To improve teens’ self-confidence. B．To offer teens tools.
C．To teach communication skills. D．To help teens find jobs.
2．How much should a group of six pay
A．$450. B．$390. C．$420. D．$360.
3．How does the workshop mainly teach
A．By discussing in groups. B．By making videos.
C．By practicing and experiencing. D．By explaining the textbook.
【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C
【难度】0.85
【知识点】教育、时文/广告/布告、说明文
【导语】本文介绍了“青少年信心工作坊”的在线课程项目，包括目标人群、课程内容、费用结构和教学方法等，旨在帮助13-18岁青少年通过实践提升自信心。
1．细节理解题。根据文中“At Outstanding Youth, we’re committed to improving teenagers’ confidence, which is key to their future success.”可知，该工作坊的直接目的是提升青少年自信心。故选A。
2．细节理解题。根据价格表“5-10人每组65美元”可知，6人组总价为6×65=390美元，故选B。
3．细节理解题。根据“Our teaching method is “Learning by Doing”. We believe that true confidence comes from practice and experience”可知，核心教学法是通过实践学习。故选C。
B
Tanghulu is a special and sweet childhood memory of many Chinese people. When winter comes, you can see people selling Tanghulu on each street in Beijing. Bright red in colour, with a perfect sweet-and-sour taste, Tanghulu is a popular traditional snack in most parts of northern China. In the past, people mainly used the hawthorn (山楂) to make Tanghulu. But now, people prefer to use other fruits like oranges, bananas, grapes and strawberries. To make the perfect Tanghulu, you can follow these steps:
Prepare what you need:
Hawthorns or other fruits, white sugar and water.
Step 1 Start off by washing the hawthorns or any other fruit you choose. After that, dry the fruit first. Don’t forget this step.
Step 2 Put the fruit on bamboo sticks. If you use long sticks, put 4—6 pieces of fruit on each stick. If you use short ones, 1—3 pieces are enough.
Step 3 Add water and white sugar in a pan and then mix them well. Heat the pan until bubbles appear and color changes. When doing this, you can test the temperature of the mixture (混合物) by dipping (浸) a spoon of the mixture in cold water. When the mixture becomes hard at once, you have the right temperature. It is the key to making the perfect Tanghulu.
Step 4 Now, dip each fruit stick into the sugar mixture to easily coat the fruit. Remember to turn it to coat all of the sides.
Step 5 Finally, put each stick on a plate. Remember to leave enough space between each other to stop them from sticking. After a few minutes, you can taste them.
With the step-by-step instructions, you can have a try at home. Try with different kinds of fruits to see which taste you like best.
1．What does the writer tell us about Tanghulu in Paragraph 1
A．Size and colour. B．Colour and taste. C．Size and taste. D．History and size.
2．After washing the fruit, what should we do first
A．Make it dry. B．Heat it in a pan.
C．Put it on bamboo sticks. D．Dip it in the sugar mixture.
3．What does Step 5 mainly tell us
A．How often you can taste it. B．When to cool the fruit sticks.
C．Where to put the fruit sticks. D．Who can taste the fruit sticking.
【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C
【难度】0.85
【知识点】食物、说明文
【导语】本文是说明文。讲述了糖葫芦的用料和制作过程。
1．段落大意题。根据“on each street in Beijing. Bright red in colour, with a perfect sweet-and-sour taste, Tanghulu is a popular traditional snack in most parts of northern China.”可知第一段主要介绍了糖葫芦的味道和颜色。故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据“After that, dry the fruit first. Don’t forget this step.”可知，洗完以后要把水果晾干。故选A。
3．段落大意题。根据第五段主要介绍了把做好的糖葫芦放到盘子上，并且中间留出空间以防粘连。故选项C“糖葫芦放在哪里”符合题意。故选C。
C
There are many classical cultures in China. All of them have a very long history. Here we introduce four of them.
Chinese Folk Music Chinese folk music has a long history. It is connected with Chinese ancient stories. One of the classics, Shijing, includes some folk songs in 15 different areas from the West Zhou Dynasty to the Spring and Autumn Period. Traditional Chinese musical instruments include guqin, guzheng, pipa, erhu, xiao and so on.
Weiqi Weiqi, called yi in ancient China, is a smart board game between two players with a history of over 4,000 years. The game can be treated as the beginning of all ancient chess games.
Chinese Handwriting Chinese handwriting is a special art to Asian cultures. Brush handwriting is much loved around the world. Wang Xizhi is very famous for his handwriting. He made a great difference to the development of Chinese handwriting.
Chinese Painting Chinese painting is one of the oldest traditional painting forms in the world. Traditional Chinese painting includes mountains and water painting, figures (人物) painting, flowers and birds painting. The highest form of Chinese painting is mountains and water painting.
1．Which of the following is a traditional Chinese musical instrument
A．Guitar. B．Violin. C．Erhu. D．Piano.
2．Wang Xizhi played an important role in ________.
A．Weiqi B．Chinese handwriting
C．Chinese folk music D．Chinese painting
3．What do the listed Chinese classical cultures have in common
A．They are all popular around the world.
B．They make a big difference to the Chinese development.
C．They have a very long history in China.
D．Few people like these classical cultures in China.
【答案】1．C 2．B 3．C
【难度】0.85
【知识点】中华文化、说明文
【导语】本文主要介绍了四种中国古典文化：民乐、围棋、书法和国画。
1．细节理解题。根据Chinese Folk Music中的“Traditional Chinese musical instruments include guqin, guzheng, pipa, erhu, xiao and so on.”可知，古琴、古筝、琵琶、二胡和箫是中国传统乐器。故选C。
2．细节理解题。根据Chinese Handwriting中的“Wang Xizhi is very famous for his handwriting. He made a great difference to the development of Chinese handwriting.”可知，王羲之在中国书法中起了重要的作用。故选B。
3．细节理解题。根据第一段“There are many classical cultures in China. All of them have a very long history. Here we introduce four of them.”可知，列举的中国古典文化都有着非常悠久的历史。故选C。
【提升试题】
A
You may have played the game of ping-pong. Or you may have seen other people play the game. But did you ever wonder how it got its name Or did you wonder when people started playing ping-pong
How Ping-Pong Got Its Name？
Actually, it’s easy to figure out how ping-pong got its name. It’s the sound you hear when the small plastic ball bounces on the table. Ping-pong was first called ‘table tennis’. That is because ping-pong is very much like the game of tennis. But ping-pong is not played on a court. It is played on a nine-feet-long and five-feet-wide table.
The First Ping-Pong Games
Before people played ping-pong, the game of tennis was very popular. The game of tennis is played outdoors. No one knows who played the first game of table tennis. It’s fun to think about what may have happened. Maybe a group of friends were stuck inside on a rainy day. Maybe they wished they could play tennis. They may have had a large table and put a net across the table. Maybe they used their tennis rackets to hit the ball and play. Maybe they invented the new game of table tennis.
________
Ping-pong tables look a lot like tennis courts. They have white lines painted on them. They have a net like a tennis court. The net goes across the middle of the table. Like tennis players, ping-pong players try to hit a ball over the net. In tennis, players use rackets with string. In ping-pong, players use small, wooden paddles with rubber pads.
Ping-Pong Today
People all over the world love the game of ping-pong. Children and grown-ups play. Some people join teams to play. It’s still a fun indoor sport.
Are you ready for an exciting game of ping-pong Get a friend. Get the paddles. Get the ball. Hit the ball. Fast. Ping-pong, ping-pong!
1．Ping-Pong got its name because ________.
A．ping-pong is very much like the game of tennis.
B．easy to figure out the way of playing it.
C．the sound when the small plastic ball bounces on the table.
D．It is played on a nine-feet-long and five-feet-wide table.
2．Which is the best sentence to fill in on the line
A．Tennis and Ping-Pong.
B．Ping-Pong players.
C．The advantage of Ping-Pong.
D．What does Ping-pong tables look like
3．Which of the following is true according to the passage
A．Ping-pong is the same as tennis except the place to play at.
B．People guessed a lot about the first Ping-pong games.
C．Tennis players needn’t to hit a ball over the net.
D．Though many people play Ping-pong indoors, it’s not an indoor sport.
【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B
【难度】0.65
【知识点】科普知识、说明文
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了乒乓球这一运动的起源、名称的由来以及它与网球的相似之处。文章还介绍了乒乓球桌的外观和现代乒乓球的普及情况。
1．细节理解题，根据文章第2段“Actually, it’s easy to figure out how ping-pong got its name. It’s the sound you hear when the small plastic ball bounces on the table.”可知，乒乓球的名称来源于球在桌上弹跳的声音。故选C。
2．推理判断题，根据文章第4段“Ping-pong tables look a lot like tennis courts. They have white lines painted on them. They have a net like a tennis court. The net goes across the middle of the table.”可知，这段主要描述了乒乓球桌的外观。故选D。
3．细节理解题，根据文章第3段“No one knows who played the first game of table tennis. It’s fun to think about what may have happened.”可知，人们对第一场乒乓球比赛有很多猜测。故选B。
B
Chinese Five-Animal Exercises
“Humans can develop certain abilities we aren’t born with by practicing animals’ movements,” the traditional Chinese Wushu lovers believed in the past, and do today.
Chinese Five-Animal Exercises, also known as Wuqinxi, are the first complete set of qigong exercises following the movements of animals: monkeys, deer, birds, bears and tigers. They were created by one of the greatest doctors in Chinese history, Hua Tuo, more than 1,800 years ago.
“The bear movements are good for the stomach. The tiger movements can reduce the pain in the back. The deer movements help reduce the fat around the waist (腰). The bird movements can help keep our knees healthy and the monkey movements can be good for the heart.” said Hua Yi, the 59th inheritor (继承人) of Wuqinxi.
For those new learners, you may find it hard to focus. Wear comfortable clothes, keep peaceful in your mind, try to move slowly…Little by little, you’ll feel more and more harmonious with nature. You may even feel you become a tiger or a deer, walking in the forest freely.
These exercises need no tools and they are easy to learn. You can search online for the videos and practice them at any time when you feel like relaxing your body and mind. Because it’s fun to practice and good for health, Five-Animal Exercises are becoming more and more popular in recent years, not only in China, but also in many other places of the world.
1．Why do people practice Five-Animal Exercises
A．To fight against others. B．To protect wild animals.
C．To play as a group game. D．To improve their health.
2．The underlined word “harmonious” in Paragraph 4 probably means “________” in Chinese.
A．和谐的 B．兴奋的 C．敬畏的 D．肤浅的
3．What’s the best title of the passage
A．The History of Wuqinxi B．Chinese Five-Animal Exercises
C．The Advantages of Wuqinxi D．A Great Doctor Hua Tuo
【答案】1．D 2．A 3．B
【难度】0.65
【知识点】中华文化、锻炼/健身（个人）、说明文
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章介绍了中国五禽戏的诞生、练习的好处和建议等内容。
1．推理判断题。根据“The bear movements are good for the stomach. The tiger movements can reduce the pain in the back. The deer movements help reduce the fat around the waist (腰). The bird movements can help keep our knees healthy and the monkey movements can be good for the heart.”可知，熊的动作对胃有益。老虎的动作可以减轻背部的疼痛。鹿的动作有助于减少腰部周围的脂肪。鸟类的动作可以帮助保持膝盖健康，猴子的动作可能对心脏有益。由此可推测出人们练习五禽戏是为了改善健康。故选D。
2．词义猜测题。根据“Little by little, you’ll feel more and more harmonious with nature. You may even feel you become a tiger or a deer, walking in the forest freely.”可知，你甚至感觉自己成为了老虎或鹿，在森林里自由地行走，说明你感觉与自然越来越和谐，故推测harmonious表示“和谐的”。故选A。
3．最佳标题题。本文主要介绍了中国五禽戏的相关内容，选项B“中国五禽戏”作为标题最为合适。故选B。
C
There is a traditional toy called taiping nijiaojiao. It is a clay toy and also a whistle (哨子) in Zhenjiang, Jiangsu. It has a history of over 1,000 years.
Taiping nijiaojiao is made of the mud from the local mountain. It takes more than ten steps to make the clay toy, and the key step is to knead (捏) it with your hands. You can knead the clay toy into any shape, like animals and plants. The blowhole is the most difficult part to make, for the size of the blowhole makes a difference to the sound. While coloring, you can use traditional cultural elements (元素) that carry good meanings. It’s hard to make taiping nijiaojiao. But when you finally make it, you will feel proud of yourself.
Zhou Baokang, a lover of folk art, learned how to make the clay toy from local artists about 20 years ago. He wants more people to know about it, so he has opened a museum to introduce the clay toy. He teaches kids how to make the clay toy, too.
There are many traditional art forms in China, but some of them have been lost. Luckily, the traditional clay toy taiping nijiaojiao is kept to this day.
1．What is taiping nijiaojiao
A．A toy. B．An animal. C．A plant. D．A museum.
2．What does the underlined word “mud” mean in Paragraph 2
A．Soft silk. B．Clean water. C．Wet earth. D．Dead wood.
3．What’s the best title for the passage
A．Shapes of the Clay Toy B．A Lover of Folk Art
C．Ways of Making a Clay Toy D．A traditional Clay toy
【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D
【难度】0.65
【知识点】传统工艺、说明文
【导语】本文主要介绍了太平泥叫叫这种文化艺术，介绍了它的制作过程，并呼吁人民要将中国文化传承下去。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段“There is a traditional toy called taiping nijiaojiao. It is a clay toy and also a whistle (哨子) in Zhenjiang”可知，太平泥叫叫是一种玩具。故选A。
2．词义猜测题。根据第二段“Taiping nijiaojiao is made of the mud from the local mountain.”及下文提到的制作工艺可知，mud指的是从当地山上获得的湿润泥土，故选C。
3．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，本文介绍了太平泥叫叫的制作过程，并呼吁人民要将中国文化传承下去。故最佳标题为：传统的粘土玩具。故选D。
【拔高试题】
A
Scientists have calculated(计算) that almost 2,000 nearby stars—and hundreds of possible Earth-like planets around those stars—have had a clear view of Earth during human civilization(人类文明时期).
If any of those planets have life, someone out there could find that there’s life back here based on oxygen in our atmosphere(大气), or by radio waves from human sources.
One way humans look for planets is by watching them pass in front of the star they are orbiting(环绕), which dims(使变暗淡) the stars light slightly. Lisa Kaltenegger, director of the Carl Sagan Institute at Cornell University(康奈尔大学卡尔·萨根研究所) and Jacqueline Faherty of the American Museum of Natural History wisely turned that around, looking to see what star systems could watch Earth as it passes in front of the sun.
They looked at the 331,312 stars within 326 light years of Earth—one light-year is 9.5 trillion kilometers. The angle(角度) to see Earth pass in front of the sun is so small that only 1,715 of those stars could see our planet at some point in the last 5,000 years, including 313 that can no longer see us because we’ve moved out of view.
Another 319 stars will be able to see Earth in the next 5,000 years, including a few star systems where scientists have already found Earth-like planets.
The closest star on Kaltenegger’s list is Wolf 359, which is 7.9 light years away. It has been able to see us since the mid 1970s.
1．According to Paragraph 4, we know light years are units of ________.
A．time B．area C．length D．weight
2．If scientists find radio waves from human sources on another planet, we can infer(推断) that ________.
A．the planet is near us B．the planet has life on it
C．the planet travels around Earth D．the planet has a good angle to see Earth
3．From the passage, we can learn ________.
A．Earth is the only planet for humans to live on
B．life on every planet can have a clear view of Earth
C．1715 stars could see Earth because they are the closest
D．Earth’s passing in front of the sun will dim the sunlight
【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D
【难度】0.4
【知识点】天体与宇宙、说明文
【导语】本文主要介绍了有多少颗星星能够“看到”地球。
1．细节理解题。根据“They looked at the 331,312 stars within 326 light years of Earth—one light-year is 9.5 trillion kilometers.”他们观察了距离地球326光年内的331312颗恒星，一光年是9.5万亿公里。可知，光年是长度单位。故选C。
2．细节理解题。根据第二段内容“If any of those planets have life, someone out there could find that there’s life back here based on oxygen in our atmosphere, or by radio waves from human sources.”可知，如果科学家在另一个星球上发现人类的无线电波，那表明那个星球上可能有生命存在。故选B。
3．细节理解题。根据“One way humans look for planets is by watching them pass in front of the star they are orbiting, which dims the stars light slightly.”人类寻找行星的一种方式是看着它们从它们所环绕的恒星前面经过，这会使恒星的光线稍微变暗。可推知，当地球这颗行星经过它所围绕的恒星，即太阳的前面时，太阳光会变暗淡。故选D。
B
Some people are worried that wearing masks will have a bad effect on children’s ability to learn language and socialize. Even parents often worry about how a school year without smiles might negatively(消极地) influence their children.
These worries are understandable, but according to Dr. Danovitch, a research psychologist, who studies the cognitive(认知的) and social development of children, wearing a mask at school could improve certain social and cognitive skills, helping to strengthen abilities like self-control and attention. Take language learning as an example. It’s true that masks cover our mouths and that seeing mouth shape and movement helps babies learn language. But learning how to communicate involves a lot more than mouths. Looking at eyes is at least as important as looking at mouths to understand the people you are looking at and what they are trying to express. Children also make use of other signs to figure out what new words mean and what other people are thinking. A classroom full of people wearing masks is a great chance for children to practice paying attention to those signs, such as a classmate’s tone of voice or a teacher’s body language.
Wearing a mask can also help teach children to pay more attention to their own bodies and physical behaviors. Keeping a mask on over the course of a school day involves the kind of self-control that many children find challenging. Needless to say, children will not always be perfect at keeping their masks on, but they have to be mindful of when their masks are slipping down or when it is OK to take them off. The research on self-control suggests that children who master the skills needed to keep their masks on will grow up to be better at achieving their long-term goals.
Perhaps most importantly, wearing masks during a pandemic(流行病) is a chance for children to practice caring for their community. A recent study shows that children understand the spread of illness better than ever. Wearing a mask gives young children the ability to do something to help protect other people. For older children, mask-wearing is a way to teach them about duty and sacrifice(牺牲). They believe that it feels good to make sacrifices for people in need. Stressing that the discomfort and inconvenience of mask-wearing are forms of caring and public service might encourage children to address other social problems in their lives.
In fact, how children feel about wearing masks at school, and how much they benefit from wearing them, are going to depend on how the parents, teachers and caregivers around them present the topic. Masks are hopefully not here to stay, but while they are still necessary, we should make the most of them.
1．What does the writer tell us in Paragraph 2
A．A teacher uses body language to teach what new words mean.
B．Wearing masks gives children a chance to practice paying attention.
C．Dr. Danovitch helps children with their cognitive and social development.
D．Looking at the mouth matters more than looking at the eyes when people talk.
2．What can we learn from the passage
A．It is unknown if mask-wearing helps children improve social skills.
B．Children believe that the discomfort of mask-wearing is acceptable.
C．People’s thoughts and emotions are hidden when they are wearing masks.
D．Children who know when to keep their masks on will probably be successful.
3．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage
A．How to Help Children Develop Skills
B．How to Be Perfect at Keeping Masks On
C．Wearing Masks Can Help Children Learn
D．Wearing Masks Can Solve Social Problems
【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C
【难度】0.4
【知识点】科普知识、说明文
【导语】本文主要介绍一些人担心学生们戴着口罩上学会影响孩子们学习语言和社交的能力，本文就此疑惑进行了解释，其实戴着口罩反而会驱使孩子们改善认知能力，还可以帮助孩子们更多地关注自己的身体行为等等。
1．推理判断题。根据“wearing a mask at school could improve certain social and cognitive skills, helping to strengthen abilities like self-control and attention”可知，通过第二段我们可以得知，戴口罩给孩子们一个练习集中注意力的机会，故选B。
2．推理判断题。根据“Needless to say, children will not always be perfect at keeping their masks on, but they have to be mindful of when their masks are slipping down or when it is OK to take them off. The research on self-control suggests that children who master the skills needed to keep their masks on will grow up to be better at achieving their long-term goals”可知，能注意到什么时候要戴上口罩，口罩什么时候会滑掉的孩子是有自我控制力的，这样的孩子通常长大后会更好地实现他们的长期目标，也就是可能更容易成功，故选D。
3．最佳标题题。本文主要通过一些人担心学生们戴着口罩上学会影响孩子们学习语言和社交的能力来告诉我们，其实戴口罩对培养孩子们的一些能力有帮助，所以C选项“戴口罩可以帮助孩子学习”符合本文标题，故选C。
C
In English-language news, when you read about "relations between Beijing and Washington", it actually means "relations between China and the US". That's how important capital cities are -they stand for the country. The capital city has many roles. It is home to the central government as well as a center for cultural and economic activities. However, capital cities usually have a large population, which can be a big problem.
In August, 2019, Indonesia said that it will build a new capital on the island of Borneo. One of the reasons for this is that Jakarta, the current capital, is overpopulated. In Jakarta, the traffic is heavy and the areas people live in are crowded. What's worse, the ground has been going down at an average rate of about 10 centimeters a year and in some northern parts the ground is already 2 to 4 meters below the sea level. Rising sea levels linked (关联) to climate change could make the problem even worse in the future.
Last century, Rio de Janeiro, the then capital of Brazil, was overpopulated as well. In 1960, the country moved its capital to Brasilia to solve this problem. People believed that if they moved the capital to a less-developed city, Brazil would have more balanced development. This turned out to be right.
Many capital cities are facing problems as they develop. Besides building a new one, maybe new technology can help solve some of the problems.
Beijing In 2015, China's government called for building "smart" cities and planned to turn Beijing into one of these cities. A new sub-center in the city's Tongzhou district will be the testing ground for this idea. "Smart" technology will be used to solve traffic problems, control air pollution and recycle garbage.
Tokyo The capital of Japan is working to make itself a "green" city. People are encouraged to plant trees on their rooftops. The city will use technology to recycle rainwater and turn a landfill into a forest.
Singapore Singapore is a city-state. It is using internet of things(物联网）technology to help save energy. In public housing, smart sensors (传感器) remind people of how much water and electricity they are using.
1．With the example of Brazil, the writer tries to tell us that .
A．it can be a good choice to move a country's capital
B．Indonesia can move its capital city Jakarta to Brazil
C．it is right for every country to change its capital city
D．most capital cities usually have a large population
2．What can we learn from the passage
A．Capital city can represent all the roles of the country.
B．Water will cover the current capital of Indonesia soon.
C．Beijing has solved many problems by using technology.
D．Both Japan and Singapore are working to save energy.
3．The passage mainly talks about _______.
A．how to use new technology smartly B．how to solve the problems of capital cities
C．what the problems of capital cities are D．what the relationship between capital cities is
【答案】1．A 2．D 3．B
【难度】0.4
【知识点】方法/策略、城市、说明文、细节理解、主旨大意
【分析】这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了首都城市的重要性，但同时介绍了首都城市人口过多带来的一系列问题，以及该如何解决这一问题。
1．细节理解题。根据“People believed that if they moved the capital to a less-developed city, Brazil would have more balanced development. This turned out to be right.”人们认为，如果把首都迁往欠发达的城市，巴西的发展会更加平衡。结果证明这是对的。可知，作者以巴西为例，告诉我们，迁移一个国家的首都是一个不错的选择。故选A。
2．细节理解题。根据“The city will use technology to recycle rainwater and turn a landfill into a forest.”该市将利用技术回收雨水，并将垃圾填埋场变成森林。以及“Singapore is a city -state. It is using internet of things(物联网）technology to help save energy.”新加坡是一个城市国家。它正在使用物联网技术来帮助节约能源。可知，日本和新加坡都在努力节约能源。故选D。
3．主旨大意题。根据“However, capital cities usually have a large population, which can be a big problem.”然而，首都城市通常人口众多，这可能是个大问题。以及下文的介绍可知，本文主要探讨如何解决首都城市问题。故选B。
