语法填空解题方法系列
13.根据限定规律确定代词或冠词
在语法填空中，根据限定规律确定代词或冠词这一策略至关重要。代词用于指代人或事物，冠词则用来限定名词的范围。根据句子的语境、语义以及语法规则，分析名词前的限定情况来确定使用何种代词或冠词。对于代词，需判断其指代对象的单复数、所属关系、在句中的成分等；对于冠词，要依据名词是泛指还是特指、可数还是不可数，以及是否为固定搭配等因素来选择。正确运用这一策略能确保句子在语法和语义上的准确性。
【真题示例】
1.（2024 浙江)“The earth travels around the sun. It turns to face the sun to make the day and turns away from the sun to make the night,” said (he) father.
[分析]分析句子，“father” 是名词，前面需要用形容词性物主代词来修饰，表示所属关系，“he” 的形容词性物主代词是 “his”，所以这里填 “his”，表明是 “他的父亲” 。
2.（2023 宁波真)Even though they were still (friendly) to her, she was a little upset.
[分析]此句中 “her” 是人称代词的宾格形式，作介词 “to” 的宾语，指代 Ann，通过分析句子结构和语义，确定使用宾格代词 “her” 来明确动作的对象。
3.(2023 温州)People showed (they) thanks with smiles and she would always smile back.
[分析]“thanks” 是名词，前面需要用形容词性物主代词修饰，“they” 的形容词性物主代词是 “their”，表示 “他们的感谢”，根据名词前的限定需求确定用 “their”。
4.(2023 金华)Rian lives in Xi'an. Two years ago, he came to the beautiful city and became English teacher at a kindergarten.
[分析]这里 “English teacher” 是可数名词单数，第一次提到，且表示泛指 “一名英语老师”，“English” 以元音音素开头，所以用不定冠词 “an” ，依据名词的可数性和泛指的语义确定冠词。
5.(2023 嘉兴)It was the fifth day of our Italian journey. We arrived at our hotel (early) than usual.
[分析]“the fifth day” 中 “fifth” 是序数词，序数词前通常加定冠词 “the”，表示顺序，这里表示 “我们意大利之旅的第五天”，根据序数词前的限定规则确定用 “the”。
6.(2023 台州)Community service is a great way to make difference in your neighborhood.
[分析]“make a difference” 是固定短语，意为 “有影响；起作用”，这里是固定搭配限定了要使用不定冠词 “a” ，根据固定搭配确定冠词。
7.(2022 丽水)Lance almost ran home after school. His older brother Nathan had promised to take (he) to the new skate park today.
[分析]“take” 是动词，后面需要用人称代词的宾格形式作宾语，“he” 的宾格是 “him”，通过分析动词后的宾语成分确定使用宾格代词 “him”。
8.(2022 宁波)It was the summer holidays and our family rented an apartment for a week near the beach. We all went to the beach on first day and it was fantastic!
[分析]“first” 是序数词，前面加定冠词 “the” 表示顺序，“on the first day” 表示 “在第一天” ，按照序数词前的限定规律使用 “the”。
9.(2022 湖州真)Matt is a primary school student who loves playing with little animals. One day, when he was on (he) way to school, he saw a homeless cat sitting in a box.
[分析]“way” 是名词，前面用形容词性物主代词修饰，“he” 的形容词性物主代词 “his” 表示所属关系，“on his way to school” 表示 “在他上学的路上”，根据名词所属关系的限定确定用 “his”。
10.(2022 嘉兴、舟山)My pen friend is Allison. She is a lovely Australian girl big blue eyes.
[分析]这里 “big blue eyes” 表示伴随的特征，“with” 表示 “具有；带有”，不能用冠词，而 “a lovely Australian girl” 中 “girl” 是可数名词单数，第一次提到且表示泛指，所以用不定冠词 “a”，综合句子结构和名词的泛指情况确定冠词。
在英语学习中，快速准确地判断名词前的限定情况是掌握语法的关键，这直接关系到句子的准确性和表达效果。可以从语法规则、语义逻辑和固定搭配等方面入手，通过综合分析来精准判断。
1.依据语法规则判断：首先，观察名词的数。可数名词单数前一般需要用冠词、指示代词、形容词性物主代词等限定词。在 “Rian lives in Xi'an. Two years ago, he came to the beautiful city and became English teacher at a kindergarten.” 中，“English teacher” 是可数名词单数，且首次提及表泛指，“English” 以元音音素开头，所以用不定冠词 “an” 。不可数名词和可数名词复数前，若表示泛指，通常不用冠词；若表示特指，则需用定冠词 “the”。如 “Some of the medicines we have today come traditional Chinese medicine.” 中，“medicine” 是不可数名词，这里表示泛指传统中药，所以不用冠词 。其次，关注名词前有无序数词、形容词最高级等。在 “It was the fifth day of our Italian journey.” 中，“fifth” 是序数词，前面通常加定冠词 “the” ；在 “It was one of the biggest fires in California history.” 里，“biggest” 是形容词最高级，同样要加 “the”。
2.根据语义逻辑判断：分析句子语义，确定名词是泛指还是特指。泛指是指一类事物中的任意一个或一些，而特指是指特定的某个或某些事物。在 “I had thought it was boring to visit the 2,000-year-old (house), but I was wrong.” 中，这里的 “houses” 是特指庞贝古城中那些 2000 年历史的房子，所以用定冠词 “the” ；在 “Community service is a great way to make difference in your neighborhood.” 中，“make a difference” 表示 “有影响”，这里的 “difference” 并非特指某个具体的差异，而是一种抽象概念，用不定冠词 “a” 。此外，根据上下文语境判断。如果前文已经提到过某个名词，后文再次提及时，通常用定冠词 “the” 表示特指。在 “One day at school, something strange caught Ann's attention. Lily (quick) put a bag in her own desk, making Ann feel unusual. Later, she saw Lily secretly give something Cindy under the desk.” 中，第二次提到 “Lily”，就是特指前面引起安注意的那个 “Lily”，不需要再用其他限定词来特别说明她的身份。
3.借助固定搭配判断：英语中有许多包含名词的固定搭配，这些搭配中的限定词是固定的。像 “make a difference”“in the morning/afternoon/evening”“at the end of” 等。在 “ the end of the holiday, Mum and Dad were cleaning the apartment when suddenly Dad shouted, ‘Oh, no!’” 中，“at the end of” 是固定搭配，所以用 “at” 和 “the” 。还有 “by the way”“in a hurry” 等，需要牢记这些固定搭配及其限定词的用法，遇到相关名词时就能快速准确判断限定情况。
需要注意限定词的使用的动词短语
常见的动词短语中，限定词的使用遵循特定规则，对句子语义和语法结构影响重大。以下从加不定冠词 “a/an”、定冠词 “the” 以及零冠词（即不用冠词）的情况来分类列举，帮助你理解和记忆。
1.加不定冠词 “a/an” 的动词短语
表示动作或行为：“make a decision” 意为做决定，如 “He made a decision to study abroad.”（他决定出国留学） ，这里 “a” 不可省略，用于表示 “一个决定”。“give a speech” 表示做演讲，“She will give a speech at the meeting.”（她将在会议上发表演讲） ，“a” 使 “speech” 具体化，指一次演讲。“have a try” 表示尝试一下，“Let's have a try and see if we can solve the problem.”（让我们试一试，看看能否解决这个问题） ，“a” 强调这是一次尝试的行为。
表示动作的结果或状态：“make a mistake” 指犯错误，“Don't be afraid of making a mistake.”（不要害怕犯错） ，“a” 限定 “mistake”，表示一个错误。“have a good time” 表示玩得开心，“We had a good time at the party.”（我们在聚会上玩得很开心） ，“a” 体现了 “good time” 的一次经历性，让语义更明确。“take a break” 表示休息一下，“Let's take a break after working for a long time.”（工作很长时间后，我们休息一下吧） ，“a” 突出这是一次短暂的休息。
2.加定冠词 “the” 的动词短语
与特定事物或范围相关：“play the piano/guitar” 等表示弹奏乐器，“the” 用于特指具体的乐器，“She can play the piano very well.”（她钢琴弹得很好） 。“go to the cinema/theater” 表示去看电影 / 看戏，“We often go to the cinema on weekends.”（我们周末经常去看电影） ，“the” 限定了地点的特定性。“in the morning/afternoon/evening” 表示在早上 / 下午 / 晚上，“I usually read books in the evening.”（我通常在晚上看书） ，“the” 用于明确时间范围。
强调动作的对象或目标：“take the place of” 表示代替，“Robots are taking the place of humans in some jobs.”（机器人正在一些工作中取代人类） ，“the” 突出了被代替的特定对象。“pay the bill” 表示付账，“I'll pay the bill this time.”（这次我来付账） ，“the” 明确了要支付的具体账单。“catch the bus/train” 表示赶公交车 / 火车，“Hurry up, or we'll miss catching the bus.”（快点，否则我们赶不上公交车了） ，“the” 限定了要赶的特定交通工具。
3.零冠词（不用冠词）的动词短语
与抽象概念或泛指行为相关：“go to school/work/bed” 分别表示去上学 / 去上班 / 上床睡觉，强调动作的目的和一般性，“He goes to school by bike every day.”（他每天骑自行车去上学） 。“play basketball/football” 等表示进行球类运动，球类运动前一般不用冠词，“They often play football after school.”（他们放学后经常踢足球） 。“do homework” 表示做作业，“I have to do my homework first.”（我得先做作业） ，这里不用冠词是因为 “homework” 是抽象的任务概念。
与固定表达和习惯用法相关：“by bus/car/plane” 等表示交通方式，“We go to Beijing by plane.”（我们乘飞机去北京） 。“at home” 表示在家，“I'm at home on Sundays.”（我周日在家） 。“at noon/night” 分别表示在中午 / 在晚上，“We usually have lunch at noon.”（我们通常在中午吃午饭） 。
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(浙江省温州市瑞安市五校联考2024-2025学年九年级上学期期末考试英语试题)阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1 个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
I met Gunter on a rainy September evening. I was rushing to catch the last bus to Prague for a meeting in 1 (center) Czech Republic. I got into Gunter’s taxi and told him where I needed to go. When we arrived at the bus station, there was a long line of people waiting to get on the bus. But then I realized I had no cash to pay 2 (he). I tried using my Portuguese bankcard, but the machine didn’t work. 3 helpless I was! I was really worried, 4 Gunter told me not to worry and to just get on the bus. He even gave me some money to pay the bus fare, and I apologized and promised to pay him back 5 I returned to Vienna.
On my 6 (one) day back in Vienna, I called Gunter to thank him and to pay him back. He laughed and told me to just “pay it forward” by 7 (help) someone else in need. Gunter’s kindness not only helped me catch my bus that night, but it also taught me 8 valuable lesson. I learned that small acts of kindness can make a big 9 (different) in someone’s life. I promised Gunter that I would help others like he helped me, and I felt a new sense of purpose.
We are 10 (main) cared for by others, so we want to give more care to others. From that day on, I tried to be more generous towards others, and I will never forget his help and the lesson he taught me.
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(浙江J12共同体联盟名校2024-2025学年九年级下学期4月考试英语试卷)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个恰当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。
In Guangdong, people often greet each other by saying “Yin Zuo Cha Mei ”. It means “Have you drunk your morning tea ” in Cantonese. It is 1 (common) than “Hi” or “Good morning”.
Zao Cha, or morning tea, is one of important morning 2 (activity) of Guangdong people. Rich or poor, young or old, men or women, local people will go to a morning tea house to drink tea 3 have dim sum (中式点心) for breakfast. For 4 (they), Zao Cha is not only a daily habit but also 5 important way of social communication.
Guangdong morning tea can go back to over 150 years ago during the Qing Dynasty. 6 that time, there was a small restaurant in Guangzhou. People 7 (serve) tea and dim sum. Over time, there were more and more restaurants of this kind. And Guangdong people 8 (gradual) got into the habit of 9 (drink) morning tea in a tea house.
Today, the traditional culture of having morning tea has 10 (become) popular in other provinces, mainly in southern China.
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(2025年浙江省杭州市中考模拟英语试题（4）)阅读下列材料，在空白处填入适当的内容 (1个单词) 或括号内单词的正确形式，将答案写在答题纸的相应位置。
We sometimes say the lion is “the king of the jungle”, 1 it is stronger and more dangerous than the other animals. It can run faster than most other 2 (animal) and it can hunt best. The lion is 3 (high) animal in the land food chain.
What is at the top of the 4 (world) food chain People are! We are not the biggest or fastest, but we are the cleverest. We invented cars and we can move fast. We could not fight better than a lion, so we invented guns. Now we can hunt best.
People’s inventions are clever, but they can be very 5 (danger), too. For example, many years ago in Inner Mongolia (内蒙古), people used guns 6 (kill) a lot of wild wolves, which usually eat wild rabbits. But in recent years, the number of wild rabbits 7 (keep) growing bigger, while the number of wild wolves keeps getting smaller. Much of the grassland became desert because it was destroyed 8 the rabbits.
Remember that we are 9 part of the food chain. If we protect animals, we are protecting 10 (our).
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(2025年浙江省杭州市市区中考模拟英语试题)阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。将答案填写在答题纸的相应位置。
In 1492, Columbus, a well-known Italian voyager, discovered the New World-America. He brought a lot of 1 (thing) to Europe from South America. Rubber was one of them, but people didn’t know 2 (it) use at that time. In 1770, people found that the rubber could 3 (use) as erasers. Macintosh was a worker in 4 eraser factory in Scotland. One day he spilled some rubber liquid over his coat carelessly when making erasers. He was too busy 5 (clean) it and went back home wearing the dirty coat. On the way home, it rained 6 (heavy). 7 Macintosh had no umbrella, he had to run home quickly. When he got home, he took off the wet coat. To his 8 (surprise), the area of the coat with rubber wasn’t wet. The next day he brushed the rubber liquid all over his coat. He 9 (wear) the “rubber coat” 10 rainy days and found it could keep off the rain. The rubber raincoat was created in this way.
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(浙江省杭州十三中2024-2025学年九年级下学期3月英语月考试题)阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容或括号内单词的正确形式。将答案填写在答题卷的相应位置。
Tea is enjoyed by people all around the world. Spring is the 1 (good) season for West Lake Longjing tea. Usually Longjing tea 2 (pick) in March by hand, but now a tea picking robot plays a part as well.
This smart robot is developed by 3 university in Zhejiang. The university researchers took 4 (hundred) of pictures of new tea buds and fed them to the robot for it to learn. The robot uses an AI model 5 (recognize) the buds that it needs to pick.
Then the robot’s arm pulls and separates the tea buds from the trees. Next, the arm quickly puts them into a box. After collecting all the buds, robot moves them 6 the box to a main box.
The robot is made because there 7 (be) not enough people to pick tea. In Zhejiang, about 400,000 more pickers are needed now. 8 the robots have joined in, tea picking is still a big challenge for the development of the tea industry.
Because of the hilly ground in the tea garden, tea-picking robots are not 9 (wide) used, but they are a trend of the future. In a positive case, 10 will be possible for the robots to take over the job of tea picking instead of people in five years. Let’s wait and see!
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(浙江省杭州市萧山区萧山8校联考2024-2025学年九年级下学期2月月考英语试题)阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。将答案填写在答题纸的相应位置。
Tanghulu, a sweet and mouthwatering treat from China, is getting increasingly popular in European countries. And it has also stolen the food 1 (lover) hearts in South Korea. Surprisingly, the number of tanghulu 2 is sold in some stores can even reach more than 200 skewers (串) every day .
The reason 3 its popularity is that it tastes really good and it can be made with many different ingredients (食材). In China, people say that “Anything can be made into tanghulu”. The Internet 4 (help) make tanghulu famous in South Korea. Many teenagers and young adults have seen tanghulu on the Internet and want to try it. This shows that food can become popular very quickly when it 5 (share) on the Internet.
The popularity of tanghulu in South Korea gives 6 (we) some inspiration. No matter how delicious 7 food is, it has to be adapted (适应) to the local customs”, especially when 8 (go) abroad. The eating habits of consumers (消费者) in other countries should be thought about, tanghulu has 9 (actual) experienced a “localization” process in South Korea.
Integrating (使融合) traditional Chinese food with South Korean eating habits, tanghulu brings not only a mixture of taste 10 culture.
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(浙江省温州市第八中学2024-2025学年九年级下学期开学考试英语试题)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式.
Tea is enjoyed by people all around the world. Spring is the 1 (good) season for West Lake Longing tea. Usually Longing tea 2 (pick) in March by hand, but now a tea-picking robot plays a part as well.
This smart robot is developed by 3 University in Zhejiang. The university researchers took 4 (hundred) of pictures of new tea buds (芽) and fed them to the robot for it to learn. The robot uses an AI model 5 (find) the buds that it needs to pick.
Then the robot’s arm pulls and separate the tea buds 6 the trees. Next, the arm 7 (quick) puts them into a box. And the robot moves all the buds 8 is just collected from the box to a main box.
The robot is made because there are not enough people to pick tea. In Zhejiang, about 400, 000 more pickers are needed now. 9 the robots have joined in, tea picking is still a big challenge for the development of the tea industry. Maybe the robots 10 (take) over the job of tea picking instead of people in five years. Let’s wait and see!
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(浙江省金华市东阳市2024-2025学年九年级上学期期末英语试题)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。
A gentleman put an advertisement in a newspaper to look for a boy to work in his office. Among almost forty people, only one boy 1 (choose) and the others were all refused.
“Why did you make this decision ” asked one of his friends, “ 2 do you prefer that boy He didn’t have a letter or a recommendation (推荐). I want to know the 3 (true).”
“You’re wrong,” said the gentleman. “He had a great many. He closed 4 door behind him. That showed that he was careful. He gave his seat at once 5 that old man. That showed he was kind. He took off his cap when he came in and 6 (reply) to my question at once. That showed he was 7 (polite) and friendly.
“I threw some books on the floor by myself and some people went over them, but that boy picked the books up and put 8 on the table. He waited for his turn quietly instead of pushing. When I talked to him, I found his clothes tidy and his finger clean. All of these are the results of having good habits of 9 (deal) with things around him. I think these are 10 (important) than a letter or a recommendation.”
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(浙江省宁波市慈溪市2024-2025学年九年级上学期期末测试英语试题)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。
The lion dance is an important part of traditional Chinese culture. It has a long history of more 1 2,000 years. It’s believed to bring good luck to people. Usually, it 2 (perform) during festivals.
Ancient Chinese people regarded the lion 3 a symbol of courage and strength. There are many different stories about how the lion dance began. One story tells how a lion protected people from danger. In 4 story, a monster (怪兽) called Nian came to a village and wanted 5 (eat) the villagers. At that moment, a lion came and scared it away. The next day Nian 6 (appear) again, but the lion was not nearby. A clever villager dressed himself up as a lion and managed to drive Nian away. Since then, 7 has been a tradition to perform the lion dance during festivals, especially the Spring Festival.
In the dance, two performers share one lion costume. 8 swings the lion’s head and the other swings the lion’s body and tail. The dancers use different ways to make the lion’s eyes, head 9 body move. But the performance is more than that. Dancers need years of practice and hard work to make the lion dance look nice and exciting.
These days, more and 10 young people are learning lion dancing. Some young lion dancers are putting short videos online, introducing this traditional Chinese art to people all over the world.
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(浙江省杭州市拱墅区2024-2025学年九年级上学期期末教学质量调研英语试题)阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容或括号内单词的正确形式。
David began studying in Germany two years ago. The college was a little far, 1 he had to take the subway every day. This clever student soon found it was easy to skip (略过) buying subway 2 (ticket), so he often went and returned without a ticket to save money. One day, he 3 (catch) with no ticket in subway. But he never took it to heart. He 4 (think) what he should pay more attention to was his study.
5 the past two years, he did work very hard and graduated (毕业) with amazing achievements a month ago. Everyone, including himself, believed he would get a good job 6 (easy) in Germany and had a bright future. He went to a big local company confidently. But to his disappointment, he was not even allowed 7 (have) an interview. He then went to another famous company, only to receive 8 same answer. When he was turned down a third time, he could not help telephoning the company to ask 9 they didn’t want him. The answer was simple: “We do not offer jobs to dishonest people in Germany!”
We may get short-term benefits (利益) by dishonest ways, but the 10 (true) will come out sooner or later and the cost is high. So remember, honesty is the best policy (策略).语法填空解题方法系列
13.根据限定规律确定代词或冠词
在语法填空中，根据限定规律确定代词或冠词这一策略至关重要。代词用于指代人或事物，冠词则用来限定名词的范围。根据句子的语境、语义以及语法规则，分析名词前的限定情况来确定使用何种代词或冠词。对于代词，需判断其指代对象的单复数、所属关系、在句中的成分等；对于冠词，要依据名词是泛指还是特指、可数还是不可数，以及是否为固定搭配等因素来选择。正确运用这一策略能确保句子在语法和语义上的准确性。
【真题示例】
1.（2024 浙江)“The earth travels around the sun. It turns to face the sun to make the day and turns away from the sun to make the night,” said (he) father.
[分析]分析句子，“father” 是名词，前面需要用形容词性物主代词来修饰，表示所属关系，“he” 的形容词性物主代词是 “his”，所以这里填 “his”，表明是 “他的父亲” 。
2.（2023 宁波真)Even though they were still (friendly) to her, she was a little upset.
[分析]此句中 “her” 是人称代词的宾格形式，作介词 “to” 的宾语，指代 Ann，通过分析句子结构和语义，确定使用宾格代词 “her” 来明确动作的对象。
3.(2023 温州)People showed (they) thanks with smiles and she would always smile back.
[分析]“thanks” 是名词，前面需要用形容词性物主代词修饰，“they” 的形容词性物主代词是 “their”，表示 “他们的感谢”，根据名词前的限定需求确定用 “their”。
4.(2023 金华)Rian lives in Xi'an. Two years ago, he came to the beautiful city and became English teacher at a kindergarten.
[分析]这里 “English teacher” 是可数名词单数，第一次提到，且表示泛指 “一名英语老师”，“English” 以元音音素开头，所以用不定冠词 “an” ，依据名词的可数性和泛指的语义确定冠词。
5.(2023 嘉兴)It was the fifth day of our Italian journey. We arrived at our hotel (early) than usual.
[分析]“the fifth day” 中 “fifth” 是序数词，序数词前通常加定冠词 “the”，表示顺序，这里表示 “我们意大利之旅的第五天”，根据序数词前的限定规则确定用 “the”。
6.(2023 台州)Community service is a great way to make difference in your neighborhood.
[分析]“make a difference” 是固定短语，意为 “有影响；起作用”，这里是固定搭配限定了要使用不定冠词 “a” ，根据固定搭配确定冠词。
7.(2022 丽水)Lance almost ran home after school. His older brother Nathan had promised to take (he) to the new skate park today.
[分析]“take” 是动词，后面需要用人称代词的宾格形式作宾语，“he” 的宾格是 “him”，通过分析动词后的宾语成分确定使用宾格代词 “him”。
8.(2022 宁波)It was the summer holidays and our family rented an apartment for a week near the beach. We all went to the beach on first day and it was fantastic!
[分析]“first” 是序数词，前面加定冠词 “the” 表示顺序，“on the first day” 表示 “在第一天” ，按照序数词前的限定规律使用 “the”。
9.(2022 湖州真)Matt is a primary school student who loves playing with little animals. One day, when he was on (he) way to school, he saw a homeless cat sitting in a box.
[分析]“way” 是名词，前面用形容词性物主代词修饰，“he” 的形容词性物主代词 “his” 表示所属关系，“on his way to school” 表示 “在他上学的路上”，根据名词所属关系的限定确定用 “his”。
10.(2022 嘉兴、舟山)My pen friend is Allison. She is a lovely Australian girl big blue eyes.
[分析]这里 “big blue eyes” 表示伴随的特征，“with” 表示 “具有；带有”，不能用冠词，而 “a lovely Australian girl” 中 “girl” 是可数名词单数，第一次提到且表示泛指，所以用不定冠词 “a”，综合句子结构和名词的泛指情况确定冠词。
在英语学习中，快速准确地判断名词前的限定情况是掌握语法的关键，这直接关系到句子的准确性和表达效果。可以从语法规则、语义逻辑和固定搭配等方面入手，通过综合分析来精准判断。
1.依据语法规则判断：首先，观察名词的数。可数名词单数前一般需要用冠词、指示代词、形容词性物主代词等限定词。在 “Rian lives in Xi'an. Two years ago, he came to the beautiful city and became English teacher at a kindergarten.” 中，“English teacher” 是可数名词单数，且首次提及表泛指，“English” 以元音音素开头，所以用不定冠词 “an” 。不可数名词和可数名词复数前，若表示泛指，通常不用冠词；若表示特指，则需用定冠词 “the”。如 “Some of the medicines we have today come traditional Chinese medicine.” 中，“medicine” 是不可数名词，这里表示泛指传统中药，所以不用冠词 。其次，关注名词前有无序数词、形容词最高级等。在 “It was the fifth day of our Italian journey.” 中，“fifth” 是序数词，前面通常加定冠词 “the” ；在 “It was one of the biggest fires in California history.” 里，“biggest” 是形容词最高级，同样要加 “the”。
2.根据语义逻辑判断：分析句子语义，确定名词是泛指还是特指。泛指是指一类事物中的任意一个或一些，而特指是指特定的某个或某些事物。在 “I had thought it was boring to visit the 2,000-year-old (house), but I was wrong.” 中，这里的 “houses” 是特指庞贝古城中那些 2000 年历史的房子，所以用定冠词 “the” ；在 “Community service is a great way to make difference in your neighborhood.” 中，“make a difference” 表示 “有影响”，这里的 “difference” 并非特指某个具体的差异，而是一种抽象概念，用不定冠词 “a” 。此外，根据上下文语境判断。如果前文已经提到过某个名词，后文再次提及时，通常用定冠词 “the” 表示特指。在 “One day at school, something strange caught Ann's attention. Lily (quick) put a bag in her own desk, making Ann feel unusual. Later, she saw Lily secretly give something Cindy under the desk.” 中，第二次提到 “Lily”，就是特指前面引起安注意的那个 “Lily”，不需要再用其他限定词来特别说明她的身份。
3.借助固定搭配判断：英语中有许多包含名词的固定搭配，这些搭配中的限定词是固定的。像 “make a difference”“in the morning/afternoon/evening”“at the end of” 等。在 “ the end of the holiday, Mum and Dad were cleaning the apartment when suddenly Dad shouted, ‘Oh, no!’” 中，“at the end of” 是固定搭配，所以用 “at” 和 “the” 。还有 “by the way”“in a hurry” 等，需要牢记这些固定搭配及其限定词的用法，遇到相关名词时就能快速准确判断限定情况。
需要注意限定词的使用的动词短语
常见的动词短语中，限定词的使用遵循特定规则，对句子语义和语法结构影响重大。以下从加不定冠词 “a/an”、定冠词 “the” 以及零冠词（即不用冠词）的情况来分类列举，帮助你理解和记忆。
1.加不定冠词 “a/an” 的动词短语
表示动作或行为：“make a decision” 意为做决定，如 “He made a decision to study abroad.”（他决定出国留学） ，这里 “a” 不可省略，用于表示 “一个决定”。“give a speech” 表示做演讲，“She will give a speech at the meeting.”（她将在会议上发表演讲） ，“a” 使 “speech” 具体化，指一次演讲。“have a try” 表示尝试一下，“Let's have a try and see if we can solve the problem.”（让我们试一试，看看能否解决这个问题） ，“a” 强调这是一次尝试的行为。
表示动作的结果或状态：“make a mistake” 指犯错误，“Don't be afraid of making a mistake.”（不要害怕犯错） ，“a” 限定 “mistake”，表示一个错误。“have a good time” 表示玩得开心，“We had a good time at the party.”（我们在聚会上玩得很开心） ，“a” 体现了 “good time” 的一次经历性，让语义更明确。“take a break” 表示休息一下，“Let's take a break after working for a long time.”（工作很长时间后，我们休息一下吧） ，“a” 突出这是一次短暂的休息。
2.加定冠词 “the” 的动词短语
与特定事物或范围相关：“play the piano/guitar” 等表示弹奏乐器，“the” 用于特指具体的乐器，“She can play the piano very well.”（她钢琴弹得很好） 。“go to the cinema/theater” 表示去看电影 / 看戏，“We often go to the cinema on weekends.”（我们周末经常去看电影） ，“the” 限定了地点的特定性。“in the morning/afternoon/evening” 表示在早上 / 下午 / 晚上，“I usually read books in the evening.”（我通常在晚上看书） ，“the” 用于明确时间范围。
强调动作的对象或目标：“take the place of” 表示代替，“Robots are taking the place of humans in some jobs.”（机器人正在一些工作中取代人类） ，“the” 突出了被代替的特定对象。“pay the bill” 表示付账，“I'll pay the bill this time.”（这次我来付账） ，“the” 明确了要支付的具体账单。“catch the bus/train” 表示赶公交车 / 火车，“Hurry up, or we'll miss catching the bus.”（快点，否则我们赶不上公交车了） ，“the” 限定了要赶的特定交通工具。
3.零冠词（不用冠词）的动词短语
与抽象概念或泛指行为相关：“go to school/work/bed” 分别表示去上学 / 去上班 / 上床睡觉，强调动作的目的和一般性，“He goes to school by bike every day.”（他每天骑自行车去上学） 。“play basketball/football” 等表示进行球类运动，球类运动前一般不用冠词，“They often play football after school.”（他们放学后经常踢足球） 。“do homework” 表示做作业，“I have to do my homework first.”（我得先做作业） ，这里不用冠词是因为 “homework” 是抽象的任务概念。
与固定表达和习惯用法相关：“by bus/car/plane” 等表示交通方式，“We go to Beijing by plane.”（我们乘飞机去北京） 。“at home” 表示在家，“I'm at home on Sundays.”（我周日在家） 。“at noon/night” 分别表示在中午 / 在晚上，“We usually have lunch at noon.”（我们通常在中午吃午饭） 。
1
(浙江省温州市瑞安市五校联考2024-2025学年九年级上学期期末考试英语试题)阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1 个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
I met Gunter on a rainy September evening. I was rushing to catch the last bus to Prague for a meeting in 1 (center) Czech Republic. I got into Gunter’s taxi and told him where I needed to go. When we arrived at the bus station, there was a long line of people waiting to get on the bus. But then I realized I had no cash to pay 2 (he). I tried using my Portuguese bankcard, but the machine didn’t work. 3 helpless I was! I was really worried, 4 Gunter told me not to worry and to just get on the bus. He even gave me some money to pay the bus fare, and I apologized and promised to pay him back 5 I returned to Vienna.
On my 6 (one) day back in Vienna, I called Gunter to thank him and to pay him back. He laughed and told me to just “pay it forward” by 7 (help) someone else in need. Gunter’s kindness not only helped me catch my bus that night, but it also taught me 8 valuable lesson. I learned that small acts of kindness can make a big 9 (different) in someone’s life. I promised Gunter that I would help others like he helped me, and I felt a new sense of purpose.
We are 10 (main) cared for by others, so we want to give more care to others. From that day on, I tried to be more generous towards others, and I will never forget his help and the lesson he taught me.
【答案】
1．central 2．him 3．How 4．but 5．when/after 6．first 7．helping 8．a 9．difference 10．mainly
【解析】本文主要讲述了作者在一个雨夜得到出租车司机Gunter无私帮助的经历。
1．句意：我正急着赶上最后一班去布拉格的公交车，去参加在捷克共和国中部的会议。根据“Czech Republic”可知，修饰名词Czech Republic可以用形容词，center的形容词形式为central“中心的”符合语境。故填central。
2．句意：但后来我意识到我没有现金付给他了。根据空前的“pay”可知，动词后应接代词宾格，he的宾格him“他”符合语境。故填him。
3．句意：我多么无助啊！根据“helpless I was!”可知，此句为感叹句，且中心词为形容词helpless，应用how “多么”，注意句首单词首字母要大写。故填How。
4．句意：我真的很担心，但Gunter告诉我不要担心，直接上车。根据“I was really worried”和“not to worry”可知，前后句意相反，此处表示转折关系，应用连词but“但是” 连接。故填but。
5．句意：我道歉并承诺回到维也纳后就还他钱。根据“I returned to Vienna”可知，此处为时间状语从句，应用when“当……时”或after “在……之后”引导。故填when/after。
6．句意：回到维也纳的第一天，我就打电话给Gunter感谢他并还钱。根据“day back in Vienna”可知，此处表示顺序上的 “第一”，应用one对应的序数词first。故填first。
7．句意：他笑着告诉我，只要通过帮助其他需要帮助的人来“传递善意”。根据“by” 可知，介词后应接动名词形式，help的动名词形式helping“帮助” 符合语境。故填helping。
8．句意：Gunter的善意不仅帮助我那晚赶上了公交车，还给我上了宝贵的一课。根据“lesson”可知，lesson为可数名词单数，且为泛指，应用不定冠词a修饰。故填a。
9．句意：我了解到，小小的善举可以对别人的生活产生巨大的影响。make a difference意为 “产生影响”，应用different的名词形式difference “差别”。故填difference。
10．句意：我们主要由别人关照，所以我们想给别人更多的关心。根据“are”和“cared for”可知，此处应用副词修饰动词，main的副词形式mainly “主要地” 符合语境。故填mainly。
2
(浙江J12共同体联盟名校2024-2025学年九年级下学期4月考试英语试卷)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个恰当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。
In Guangdong, people often greet each other by saying “Yin Zuo Cha Mei ”. It means “Have you drunk your morning tea ” in Cantonese. It is 1 (common) than “Hi” or “Good morning”.
Zao Cha, or morning tea, is one of important morning 2 (activity) of Guangdong people. Rich or poor, young or old, men or women, local people will go to a morning tea house to drink tea 3 have dim sum (中式点心) for breakfast. For 4 (they), Zao Cha is not only a daily habit but also 5 important way of social communication.
Guangdong morning tea can go back to over 150 years ago during the Qing Dynasty. 6 that time, there was a small restaurant in Guangzhou. People 7 (serve) tea and dim sum. Over time, there were more and more restaurants of this kind. And Guangdong people 8 (gradual) got into the habit of 9 (drink) morning tea in a tea house.
Today, the traditional culture of having morning tea has 10 (become) popular in other provinces, mainly in southern China.
【答案】
1．more common 2．activities 3．and 4．them 5．an 6．At 7．were served 8．gradually 9．drinking 10．become
【解析】本文主要介绍了广东人喝早茶的习惯及其文化背景。
1．句意：它比“Hi”或“Good morning”更常见。空处位于“is”后，“than”前，填形容词比较级作表语。common“常见的”，形容词，比较级为more common。故填more common。
2．句意：早茶，或者早茶，是广东人重要的早晨活动之一。one of+可数名词复数“……之一”，空处填可数名词复数。activity“活动”，可数名词，复数为activities。故填activities。
3．句意：无论贫富，无论老少，无论男女，当地人都会去早茶馆喝茶，吃点心作为早餐。“drink tea”和“have dim sum”是两个并列的动作，用连词and连接。故填and。
4．句意：对他们来说，早茶不仅是一种日常习惯，也是一种重要的社交方式。空处位于介词“For”后，填宾格作宾语。they“他们”，主格，宾格为them。故填them。
5．句意：对他们来说，早茶不仅是一种日常习惯，也是一种重要的社交方式。“way”是可数名词单数，此处表示泛指，且“important”是以元音音素开头的单词，用an修饰。故填an。
6．句意：在那个时候，广州有一家小餐馆。根据“that time”可知，此处指在那时，at that time“在那时”，固定搭配。位于句首，at首字母大写。故填At。
7．句意：人们被提供茶和点心。serve“给……提供”，动词。根据“At that time”可知，此句时态为一般过去时。主语“People”与动词serve是逻辑上的动宾关系，用一般过去时态的被动语态，结构为was/were done。主语为复数的“People”，be动词用were；serve的过去分词为served。故填were served。
8．句意：并且广东人逐渐养成了在茶馆喝早茶的习惯。此处修饰动词“got into”，填副词作状语。gradual“逐渐的”，形容词，副词为gradually“逐渐”。故填gradually。
9．句意：并且广东人逐渐养成了在茶馆喝早茶的习惯。drink“喝”，动词，位于介词“of”后，填动名词形式的drinking。故填drinking。
10．句意：今天，喝早茶的传统文化在其他省份也变得流行起来，主要是在中国南方。根据“has”可知，此句时态为现在完成时，结构为has done。become“变得”，动词，过去分词为become。故填become。
3
(2025年浙江省杭州市中考模拟英语试题（4）)阅读下列材料，在空白处填入适当的内容 (1个单词) 或括号内单词的正确形式，将答案写在答题纸的相应位置。
We sometimes say the lion is “the king of the jungle”, 1 it is stronger and more dangerous than the other animals. It can run faster than most other 2 (animal) and it can hunt best. The lion is 3 (high) animal in the land food chain.
What is at the top of the 4 (world) food chain People are! We are not the biggest or fastest, but we are the cleverest. We invented cars and we can move fast. We could not fight better than a lion, so we invented guns. Now we can hunt best.
People’s inventions are clever, but they can be very 5 (danger), too. For example, many years ago in Inner Mongolia (内蒙古), people used guns 6 (kill) a lot of wild wolves, which usually eat wild rabbits. But in recent years, the number of wild rabbits 7 (keep) growing bigger, while the number of wild wolves keeps getting smaller. Much of the grassland became desert because it was destroyed 8 the rabbits.
Remember that we are 9 part of the food chain. If we protect animals, we are protecting 10 (our).
【答案】
1．because 2．animals 3．the highest 4．world’s 5．dangerous 6．to kill 7．keeps 8．by 9．a 10．ourselves
【解析】本文主要介绍了狮子在陆地食物链中的地位，以及人类处于食物链顶端的情况，同时阐述了人类的发明带来的影响和保护动物的重要性。
1．句意：我们有时说狮子是“丛林之王”，因为它比其他动物更强壮、更危险。前后句存在因果关系，“because”引导原因状语从句，解释说明说狮子是“丛林之王”的原因。故填because。
2．句意：它比大多数其他动物跑得都快。“other”后接可数名词复数，“animal”的复数形式是“animals” 。故填animals。
3．句意：狮子是陆地食物链中最高级的动物。根据“in the land food chain”表示范围，且结合定冠词“the”可知，此处应用形容词最高级，“high”的最高级是“the highest” 。故填the highest。
4．句意：世界食物链的顶端是什么？此处表示“世界的”，用名词所有格形式“world’s” 。故填world’s。
5．句意：人们的发明很巧妙，但它们也可能非常危险。be动词后接形容词作表语，“danger”的形容词形式是“dangerous” 。故填dangerous。
6．句意：例如，许多年前在内蒙古，人们用枪杀死了很多野狼。“use sth. to do sth.”是固定用法，意为“用某物做某事”，所以用动词不定式“to kill” 。故填to kill。
7．句意：但近年来，野兔的数量一直在增加。“the number of+复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，根据时间状语“in recent years”可知，句子用一般现在时，“keep”的第三人称单数形式是“keeps” 。故填keeps。
8．句意：大部分草原变成了沙漠，因为它被野兔破坏了。“be destroyed by...”意为“被……破坏”，“by”用于被动语态，引出动作的执行者 。故填by。
9．句意：记住，我们是食物链的一部分。“a part of”是固定短语，意为“……的一部分” 。故填a。
10．句意：如果我们保护动物，我们就是在保护我们自己。主语和宾语为同一主体时，宾语要用反身代词，“our”对应的反身代词是“ourselves” 。故填ourselves。
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(2025年浙江省杭州市市区中考模拟英语试题)阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。将答案填写在答题纸的相应位置。
In 1492, Columbus, a well-known Italian voyager, discovered the New World-America. He brought a lot of 1 (thing) to Europe from South America. Rubber was one of them, but people didn’t know 2 (it) use at that time. In 1770, people found that the rubber could 3 (use) as erasers. Macintosh was a worker in 4 eraser factory in Scotland. One day he spilled some rubber liquid over his coat carelessly when making erasers. He was too busy 5 (clean) it and went back home wearing the dirty coat. On the way home, it rained 6 (heavy). 7 Macintosh had no umbrella, he had to run home quickly. When he got home, he took off the wet coat. To his 8 (surprise), the area of the coat with rubber wasn’t wet. The next day he brushed the rubber liquid all over his coat. He 9 (wear) the “rubber coat” 10 rainy days and found it could keep off the rain. The rubber raincoat was created in this way.
【答案】
1．things 2．its 3．be used 4．an 5．to clean 6．heavily 7．Because/As/Since 8．surprise 9．wore 10．on
【解析】本文主要介绍了橡胶雨衣的发明过程。
1．句意：他从南美洲给欧洲带来了许多东西。“a lot of”修饰可数名词复数，thing的复数形式为things。故填things。
2．句意：橡胶是其中之一，但那时人们并不了解橡胶的用途。“use”在此处是名词，因此应用it的形容词性物主代词形式its。故填its。
3．句意：1770年，人们发现橡胶可以用作橡皮擦。此处表示橡胶被用作橡皮擦，应用被动语态be done，could为情态动词，后跟动词原形，use的过去分词为used。故填be used。
4．句意：Macintosh是苏格兰一家橡皮擦工厂的工人。此处泛指一家橡皮擦工厂，应用不定冠词修饰，且eraser为元音音素开头的单词，因此用an。故填an。
5．句意：他太忙了，没时间清理，就穿着这件脏外套回家了。根据“went back home wearing the dirty coat”可知，此处表示太忙了没时间清理，too…to“太……而不能……”，因此此处应用clean的不定式形式。故填to clean。
6．句意：在回家的路上，雨下得很大。“rained”为动词，应用副词修饰，heavy的副词形式为heavily。故填heavily。
7．句意：因为Macintosh没有伞，他不得不快速跑回家。根据“Macintosh had no umbrella, he had to run home quickly.”可知，此处需要表示原因的连词，because/as/since“因为”，位于句首，首字母要大写。故填Because/As/Since。
8．句意：令他惊讶的是，涂有橡胶的外套部分没有湿。to one’s surprise“令某人惊讶的是”，固定短语。故填surprise。
9．句意：雨天时，他穿上这件“橡胶外套”，发现它能挡雨。结合上下文可知，时态为一般过去时，因此应用wear的过去式wore。故填wore。
10．句意：雨天时，他穿上这件“橡胶外套”，发现它能挡雨。根据“rainy days”可知，此处表示在雨天，应用介词on。故填on。
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(浙江省杭州十三中2024-2025学年九年级下学期3月英语月考试题)阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容或括号内单词的正确形式。将答案填写在答题卷的相应位置。
Tea is enjoyed by people all around the world. Spring is the 1 (good) season for West Lake Longjing tea. Usually Longjing tea 2 (pick) in March by hand, but now a tea picking robot plays a part as well.
This smart robot is developed by 3 university in Zhejiang. The university researchers took 4 (hundred) of pictures of new tea buds and fed them to the robot for it to learn. The robot uses an AI model 5 (recognize) the buds that it needs to pick.
Then the robot’s arm pulls and separates the tea buds from the trees. Next, the arm quickly puts them into a box. After collecting all the buds, robot moves them 6 the box to a main box.
The robot is made because there 7 (be) not enough people to pick tea. In Zhejiang, about 400,000 more pickers are needed now. 8 the robots have joined in, tea picking is still a big challenge for the development of the tea industry.
Because of the hilly ground in the tea garden, tea-picking robots are not 9 (wide) used, but they are a trend of the future. In a positive case, 10 will be possible for the robots to take over the job of tea picking instead of people in five years. Let’s wait and see!
【答案】
1．best 2．is picked 3．a 4．hundreds 5．to recognize 6．from 7．are 8．Although 9．widely 10．it
【解析】本文主要介绍了浙江一所大学研发的智能采茶机器人，它通过人工智能模型识别并采摘茶芽，解决了茶产业中采茶人员不足的问题。
1．句意：春天是西湖龙井茶的最佳季节。the修饰用最高级best。故填best。
2．句意：通常龙井茶是在三月手工采摘的，但现在采摘机器人也发挥了作用。主语Longjing tea和谓语pick是被动关系，结构为be done，根据usually可知，时态为一般现在时，主语Longjing tea为不可数名词，be动词用is，pick的过去分词为picked。故填is picked。
3．句意：这个智能机器人是由浙江的一所大学开发的。空处修饰单数名词university，泛指一所大学，且university是辅音音素开头的单词，用不定冠词a修饰。故填a。
4．句意：该大学的研究人员拍摄了数百张新茶芽的照片，并将其喂给机器人学习。hundreds of“成百上千的”，固定搭配。故填hundreds。
5．句意：机器人使用人工智能模型来识别它需要采摘的芽。空处用不定式结构作目的状语。故填to recognize。
6．句意：在收集完所有芽后，机器人将它们从盒子移到主盒子里。from...to...“从……到……”，固定搭配。故填from。
7．句意：制造这个机器人是因为没有足够的人来采茶。people为复数，时态为一般现在时，be动词用are。故填are。
8．句意：尽管机器人已经加入进来，但采茶仍然是茶业发展的一大挑战。根据“the robots have joined in, tea picking is still a big challenge for the development of the tea industry.”可知，前后是让步关系，用although/though引导条件状语从句，句首字母大写。故填Although/Though。
9．句意：由于茶园中的丘陵地带，采茶机器人的应用并不广泛，但它们是未来的发展趋势。空处修饰动词used，用副词widely“广泛地”。故填widely。
10．句意：在积极的情况下，机器人有可能在五年内取代人类接管采茶工作。本句为不定式结构作真正的主语，用it作形式主语。故填it。
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(浙江省杭州市萧山区萧山8校联考2024-2025学年九年级下学期2月月考英语试题)阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。将答案填写在答题纸的相应位置。
Tanghulu, a sweet and mouthwatering treat from China, is getting increasingly popular in European countries. And it has also stolen the food 1 (lover) hearts in South Korea. Surprisingly, the number of tanghulu 2 is sold in some stores can even reach more than 200 skewers (串) every day .
The reason 3 its popularity is that it tastes really good and it can be made with many different ingredients (食材). In China, people say that “Anything can be made into tanghulu”. The Internet 4 (help) make tanghulu famous in South Korea. Many teenagers and young adults have seen tanghulu on the Internet and want to try it. This shows that food can become popular very quickly when it 5 (share) on the Internet.
The popularity of tanghulu in South Korea gives 6 (we) some inspiration. No matter how delicious 7 food is, it has to be adapted (适应) to the local customs”, especially when 8 (go) abroad. The eating habits of consumers (消费者) in other countries should be thought about, tanghulu has 9 (actual) experienced a “localization” process in South Korea.
Integrating (使融合) traditional Chinese food with South Korean eating habits, tanghulu brings not only a mixture of taste 10 culture.
【答案】
1．lovers’ 2．which/that 3．for 4．helps/has helped 5．is shared 6．us 7．the 8．going 9．actually 10．but also
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了中国传统小吃糖葫芦在韩国越来越受欢迎的现象，并分析了其受欢迎的原因以及糖葫芦在韩国的本土化过程。
1．句意：它也已经俘获了韩国美食爱好者的心。这里表示“食物爱好者们的心”，“lover”应用复数形式“lovers”，且表示所属关系，要用名词所有格故填lovers’。
2．句意：令人惊讶的是，在一些商店里，糖葫芦的销量甚至可以达到每天200多串。分析句子结构，“... is sold in some stores”是定语从句，修饰先行词“the number of tanghulu”，先行词指物，在从句中作主语，可用关系代词“which/that”引导。故填which/that。
3．句意：它受欢迎的原因是它真的很好吃，而且可以用许多不同的食材制作。“the reason for...”是固定搭配，意为“……的原因”。故填for。
4．句意：互联网帮助糖葫芦在韩国出名。句子描述的是一般事实，用一般现在时，主语“The Internet”是第三人称单数，所以“help”要用第三人称单数形式“helps”；也可以用现在完成时“has helped”，强调互联网从过去到现在已经对糖葫芦在韩国出名起到了作用，更侧重于强调动作对现在造成的影响，即糖葫芦现在在韩国已经出名了。故填helpes/has helped。
5．句意：这表明当食物在互联网上被分享时，它可以很快变得流行。主语“it”和“share”之间是被动关系，即“食物被分享”，且由“when”引导的时间状语从句，主句用一般现在时，从句也用一般现在时，所以用一般现在时的被动语态“is shared”。故填is shared。
6．句意：糖葫芦在韩国的流行给了我们一些启发。空前“gives”是动词，后面接人称代词宾格，“we”的宾格是“us”。故填us。
7．句意：无论食物多么美味，它都必须适应当地的习俗。这里特指上文提到的“食物”，所以用定冠词“the”。故填the。
8．句意：尤其是在出国时。这里“when”引导时间状语从句，省略了主语“it”和“is”，完整形式是“when it is going abroad”。故填going。
9．句意：糖葫芦实际上在韩国经历了一个“本土化”过程。“actual”是形容词，这里修饰动词“experienced”要用副词形式“actually”。故填actually。
10．句意：糖葫芦不仅带来了口味的融合，还带来了文化的融合。“not only...but also...”是固定搭配，意为“不但……而且……”。故填but also。
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(浙江省温州市第八中学2024-2025学年九年级下学期开学考试英语试题)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式.
Tea is enjoyed by people all around the world. Spring is the 1 (good) season for West Lake Longing tea. Usually Longing tea 2 (pick) in March by hand, but now a tea-picking robot plays a part as well.
This smart robot is developed by 3 University in Zhejiang. The university researchers took 4 (hundred) of pictures of new tea buds (芽) and fed them to the robot for it to learn. The robot uses an AI model 5 (find) the buds that it needs to pick.
Then the robot’s arm pulls and separate the tea buds 6 the trees. Next, the arm 7 (quick) puts them into a box. And the robot moves all the buds 8 is just collected from the box to a main box.
The robot is made because there are not enough people to pick tea. In Zhejiang, about 400, 000 more pickers are needed now. 9 the robots have joined in, tea picking is still a big challenge for the development of the tea industry. Maybe the robots 10 (take) over the job of tea picking instead of people in five years. Let’s wait and see!
【答案】
1．best 2．is picked 3．a 4．hundreds 5．to find 6．from 7．quickly 8．that 9．Although/Though 10．will take
【解析】本文主要介绍了西湖龙井茶的最佳采摘季节，以及智能机器人在茶业发展中的作用。
1．句意：春天是西湖龙井茶的最佳季节。根据“Spring is the… season for West Lake Longing tea.”的语境可知，此处表示最高级的含义，用best。故填best。
2．句意：通常龙井茶是在三月手工采摘的，但现在采摘机器人也发挥了作用。根据“Usually”可知，句子时态为一般现在时，空处所在句的主语“Longing tea”与空处为逻辑上的动宾关系，用被动语态，应填is picked。故填is picked。
3．句意：这个智能机器人是由浙江的一所大学开发的。根据“This smart robot is developed by…University in Zhejiang.”的语境可知，此处表示泛指的含义，University是以辅音音素开头的单词，用a。故填a。
4．句意：该大学的研究人员拍摄了数百张新茶芽的照片，并将其提供给机器人学习。hundreds of“数以百计的”，是固定词组。故填hundreds。
5．句意：机器人使用人工智能模型来找到它需要采摘的芽。use…to do sth.“用……做某事”，是固定词组。故填to find。
6．句意：然后机器人的手臂将茶芽从树上分离出来。根据“Then the robot’s arm pulls and separate the tea buds…the trees.”的语境可知，此处指将茶芽从树上分离出来，from“从，来自”符合。故填from。
7．句意：接下来，手臂迅速将它们放入一个盒子里。分析句子结构可知，此处用副词形式，修饰动词“puts”，quickly“迅速地”符合。故填quickly。
8．句意：机器人把刚从盒子里收集到的芽移到主盒子里。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词为“the buds”，且有all修饰，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，that符合。故填that。
9．句意：尽管机器人已经加入进来，但采茶仍然是茶业发展的一大挑战。根据“…the robots have joined in, tea picking is still a big challenge for the development of the tea industry”的语境可知，此处句意发生了转折，although/though“尽管”，引导让步状语从句，句首首字母大写。故填Although/Though。
10．句意：也许五年后，机器人将取代人类接管采茶工作。根据“in five years”可知，句子时态为一般将来时，应填will take。故填will take。
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(浙江省金华市东阳市2024-2025学年九年级上学期期末英语试题)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。
A gentleman put an advertisement in a newspaper to look for a boy to work in his office. Among almost forty people, only one boy 1 (choose) and the others were all refused.
“Why did you make this decision ” asked one of his friends, “ 2 do you prefer that boy He didn’t have a letter or a recommendation (推荐). I want to know the 3 (true).”
“You’re wrong,” said the gentleman. “He had a great many. He closed 4 door behind him. That showed that he was careful. He gave his seat at once 5 that old man. That showed he was kind. He took off his cap when he came in and 6 (reply) to my question at once. That showed he was 7 (polite) and friendly.
“I threw some books on the floor by myself and some people went over them, but that boy picked the books up and put 8 on the table. He waited for his turn quietly instead of pushing. When I talked to him, I found his clothes tidy and his finger clean. All of these are the results of having good habits of 9 (deal) with things around him. I think these are 10 (important) than a letter or a recommendation.”
【答案】
1．was chosen 2．Why 3．truth 4．the 5．to 6．replied 7．polite 8．them 9．dealing 10．more important
【解析】本文讲述了一个绅士在招聘过程中，通过观察求职者的细微行为，最终选择了一个男孩作为录用对象的故事。通过这种方式，文章强调了个人行为和习惯的重要性。
1．句意：在近四十人中，只有一个男孩被选中，其他人都被拒绝了。根据“only one boy...”可知，只有一个男孩被选中，应用被动语态；结合“the others were all refused”可知，时态为一般过去时，主语是单数名词boy，被动语态的结构为was+过去分词。故填was chosen。
2．句意：为什么你更喜欢那个男孩？根据“Why did you make this decision ”可知， 此处是问为什么更喜欢那个男孩，疑问词用why, 句首单词首字母大写。故填Why。
3．句意：我想知道真相。true“真实的”，空处在句中作know的宾语，所以用名词形式truth“事实”。故填truth。
4．句意：他关上了他身后的门。根据“...door behind him”可知，此处是特指，应加定冠词the。故填the。
5．句意：他立刻把座位让给了那个老人。根据“gave his seat at once... that old man”可知，此处考查固定短语give sth. to sb.“把某物给某人”。故填to。
6．句意：他进来时摘下帽子，立刻回答了我的问题。根据“took off his cap”可知，时态为一般过去时，动词用过去式。故填replied。
7．句意：这表明他很有礼貌，也很友好。空处与“friendly”并列，用形容词polite作表语。故填polite。
8．句意：我自己把一些书扔在地上，有人越过它们，但那个男孩把书捡起来放在桌子上。根据“boy picked the books up”可知，把书放在桌子上，指代复数名词books，且在句中作宾语，用them。故填them。
9．句意：所有这些都是他养成了处理周围事物的好习惯的结果。have good habits of doing sth.“做某事的好习惯”，空处应填动名词作宾语。故填dealing。
10．句意：我认为这些良好的习惯比一封推荐信更重要。根据“than”可知，此处应填important的比较级more important。故填more important。
9
(浙江省宁波市慈溪市2024-2025学年九年级上学期期末测试英语试题)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。
The lion dance is an important part of traditional Chinese culture. It has a long history of more 1 2,000 years. It’s believed to bring good luck to people. Usually, it 2 (perform) during festivals.
Ancient Chinese people regarded the lion 3 a symbol of courage and strength. There are many different stories about how the lion dance began. One story tells how a lion protected people from danger. In 4 story, a monster (怪兽) called Nian came to a village and wanted 5 (eat) the villagers. At that moment, a lion came and scared it away. The next day Nian 6 (appear) again, but the lion was not nearby. A clever villager dressed himself up as a lion and managed to drive Nian away. Since then, 7 has been a tradition to perform the lion dance during festivals, especially the Spring Festival.
In the dance, two performers share one lion costume. 8 swings the lion’s head and the other swings the lion’s body and tail. The dancers use different ways to make the lion’s eyes, head 9 body move. But the performance is more than that. Dancers need years of practice and hard work to make the lion dance look nice and exciting.
These days, more and 10 young people are learning lion dancing. Some young lion dancers are putting short videos online, introducing this traditional Chinese art to people all over the world.
【答案】
1．than 2．is performed 3．as 4．the 5．to eat 6．appeared 7．it 8．One 9．and 10．more
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国传统舞狮的历史、起源、表演形式以及现代发展。
1．句意：它有超过2000年的历史。根据“a long history of more...2,000 years”可知，此处是指舞狮有超过 2000 年的悠久历史；考查more than“超过”，固定搭配。故填than。
2．句意：通常，它在节日期间表演。句子主语“it”指代“the lion dance”，与动词perform“表演”之间是被动关系；且根据“usually”可知，句子应用一般现在时，所以这里应用一般现在时的被动语态，其结构为am/is/are +过去分词，主语“it”是第三人称单数，be动词用is，perform的过去分词为performed。故填is performed。
3．句意：古代中国人把狮子视为勇气和力量的象征。根据空前“regarded the lion”可知，此处考查regard ... as ...“把……看作……”，动词短语。故填as。
4．句意：在这个故事中，一个叫“年”的怪兽来到一个村庄，想要吃掉村民。根据上文“One story tells how a lion protected people from danger.”可知，一个故事讲述了狮子如何保护人们免受危险，所以这里特指这个故事，应用定冠词the。故填the。
5．句意：在这个故事中，一个叫“年”的怪兽来到一个村庄，想要吃掉村民。根据空前“wanted”可知，此处考查want to do sth.“想要做某事”，固定搭配，所以这里应用动词不定式to eat。故填to eat。
6．句意：第二天“年”又出现了，但是狮子不在附近。句子陈述过去发生的事情，时态应用一般过去时，谓语动词应用过去式appeared“出现”。故填appeared。
7．句意：从那时起，在节日期间，尤其是春节期间表演舞狮就成了一种传统。分析句子结构可知，此处考查It has been +名词+ to do sth.“做某事是……”，固定句型，其中“it”作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的“to perform the lion dance during festivals”。故填it。
8．句意：一个人舞动狮头，另一个人舞动狮身和狮尾。根据上文“two performers share one lion costume”及下文“the other swings the lion’s body and tail”可知，这里表示“一个……另一个……”，应用“one ... the other...”结构，句首首字母大写。故填One。
9．句意：舞者用不同的方式让狮子的眼睛、头和身体动起来。“eyes”、“head”和“body”是并列关系，都属于狮子身体的部分，所以用and连接。故填and。
10．句意：如今，越来越多的年轻人学习舞狮。根据“more and...young people”可知，此处是指越来越多的年轻人；考查more and more +可数名词复数/不可数名词“越来越多的……”，固定搭配。故填more。
10
(浙江省杭州市拱墅区2024-2025学年九年级上学期期末教学质量调研英语试题)阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容或括号内单词的正确形式。
David began studying in Germany two years ago. The college was a little far, 1 he had to take the subway every day. This clever student soon found it was easy to skip (略过) buying subway 2 (ticket), so he often went and returned without a ticket to save money. One day, he 3 (catch) with no ticket in subway. But he never took it to heart. He 4 (think) what he should pay more attention to was his study.
5 the past two years, he did work very hard and graduated (毕业) with amazing achievements a month ago. Everyone, including himself, believed he would get a good job 6 (easy) in Germany and had a bright future. He went to a big local company confidently. But to his disappointment, he was not even allowed 7 (have) an interview. He then went to another famous company, only to receive 8 same answer. When he was turned down a third time, he could not help telephoning the company to ask 9 they didn’t want him. The answer was simple: “We do not offer jobs to dishonest people in Germany!”
We may get short-term benefits (利益) by dishonest ways, but the 10 (true) will come out sooner or later and the cost is high. So remember, honesty is the best policy (策略).
【答案】
1．so 2．tickets 3．was caught 4．thought 5．In/During 6．easily 7．to have 8．the 9．why 10．truth
【解析】本文主要讲述了大卫为了省钱，在德国学习期间经常坐地铁逃票，有一天，他因为逃票被抓，后来他因为此事而找不到好工作。
1．句意：大学有点远，所以他不得不每天乘地铁。分析“The college was a little far...he had to take the subway every day.”可知，空格前后是因果关系，前因后果，所以空处应填连词so“所以”。故填so。
2．句意：这个聪明的学生很快发现不买地铁票很容易，所以为了省钱，他经常无票往返。此处应用可数名词的复数形式表示泛指，所以空处应填ticket的复数形式tickets。故填tickets。
3．句意：一天，他在地铁被抓住没有票。此处表示过去发生的动作，应用一般过去时；主语he和动词catch之间是被动关系，所以空处应用一般过去时的被动语态，其结构是：was/were+动词过去分词，主语he表示单数，所以应用be动词was，catch的过去分词是caught。故填was caught。
4．句意：他认为他应该更加注意的是他的学习。此处表示过去发生的动作，应用一般过去时，所以空处应填动词think的过去式thought。故填thought。
5．句意：在过去的两年里，他确实非常努力，并于一个月前以惊人的成绩毕业。in/during the past two years意为“在过去的两年里”，句首首字母大写。故填In/During。
6．句意：每个人，包括他自己，都相信他在德国会很容易找到一份好工作，前途光明。分析“he would get a good job...in Germany”可知，空处应填easy的副词形式easily用于修饰动词get。故填easily。
7．句意：但令他失望的是，他甚至不被允许拥有面试的机会。根据短语be allowed to do sth.“被允许做某事”可知，空处应填to have。故填to have。
8．句意：然后他去了另一家著名的公司，得到的答案也是一样的。same前常加定冠词the表示特指。故填the。
9．句意：当他再次被拒绝时，他忍不住给公司打电话，问他们为什么不要他。分析“he could not help telephoning the company to ask...they didn’t want him”可知，大卫忍不住给公司打电话，问他们为什么不要他。因此，空处应填why“为什么”引导此宾语从句。故填why。
10．句意：我们可能会通过不诚实的方式获得短期利益，但真相迟早会大白，代价高昂。分析“the...will come out sooner or later”可知，空处缺少名词作主语，所以空处应填true的名词形式truth“真相”，truth在此处作不可数名词。故填truth。
