08 down动词短语-高中英语高频动词短语速记

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名称 08 down动词短语-高中英语高频动词短语速记
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/ 让教学更有效 高效备考 | 英语学科
V + down短语动词
在高中英语中,“down”(prep., adv.)与众多动词搭配构成了丰富多样的短语动词。这些短语动词含义丰富,主要围绕“down”的核心义“往下,向下,倒下,降低”以及引申义“完全,彻底”“记下,写下”“由高到低,由大到小,由强到弱”“紧紧地,牢牢地”等展开。下面详细介绍常见的“down”相关短语动词。
一、核心义相关短语
(一)let down
1.放下,放低,降下:“let”有“使”的意思 ,“let down”即“使……向下”,例如“She let down the bucket into the well.”,她把水桶放下井去,描述了将物体从高处放至低处的动作 。
2.使失望:从“使心情、期望向下”引申而来,如“You let me down by failing the exam.”,你考试不及格让我很失望,表达了因他人行为未达预期而产生的失落情绪 。
3.使略逊一筹,使美中不足:表示使某人或某物的形象、表现等方面受到影响而有所欠缺,“His pronunciation lets him down.”,他的发音使他在表达方面略逊一筹 。
4.(飞机)(使)下降,降低高度:用于描述飞机的飞行状态变化,“The plane is letting down slowly.”,飞机正在慢慢下降,突出飞机高度逐渐降低的过程 。
5.(轮胎等)放气:通过使轮胎内部气压降低,导致轮胎胎身向下,“The naughty boy let down the back tire of my bike.”,调皮的男孩给我的自行车后轮胎放了气 。
6.降低(标准,质量等):“使标准、质量等向下”,意味着降低原本的要求或水平,“We shouldn't let our product standards down.”,我们不应该降低产品标准 。
7.松懈,放松:指使精力、投入等减少,“Don't let down even though the going is good.”,即使进展顺利也不要松懈,强调在做事过程中要保持专注和努力 。
(二)back down/off
1.退下:“back”表示后退,“down”表示往下,“back down/off”即往下后退,“You'll have to back down carefully. The ladder is not steady.”,你得小心退下来,梯子不稳,描述从高处或某个位置安全退下的情景 。
2.放弃,后退,屈服:由“完全后退”引申而来,常表示在面对困难、压力或争议时,放弃原有的立场或行动,“Neither of them will back down on this issue.”,他们俩在这个问题上都不会让步,体现了在特定情境下的妥协或放弃 。
(三)bear down
1.竭尽全力:“bear”有“忍受”之意,“bear down”从“完全忍受痛苦”引申为“竭尽全力”,“You have to bear down if you expect to pass the examination.”,如果你想通过考试,就必须全力以赴,强调为达成目标付出全部努力 。
2.压倒,战胜,击败:从“向下压迫”的含义发展而来,“He has been able to bear down all opposition.”,他能够击败所有的反对势力,突出在竞争或对抗中占据优势并取得胜利 。
(四)beat down
1.(阳光)暴晒,直射:“beat”有“(接连地)打,击”的意思,“beat down”表示阳光像连续击打一样向下照射,“The sun was beating down on the dry fields.”,太阳直射在干旱的田野上,描绘了阳光强烈照射的场景 。
2.(雨)倾盆而下,倾泻:同理,用于描述雨像连续击打一样向下倾注,“The rain was beating down on them.”,雨倾盆而下,打在他们身上,展现了雨势的猛烈 。
3.殴打某人,打倒:表示通过击打使某人倒下,“Several kids were beating down an old guy.”,几个孩子在殴打一位老人,体现了暴力行为 。
4.压价,杀价:把价格“往下敲击”,即降低价格,“High prices were beaten down by a flood of imports.”,大量进口商品使高价被压低,反映了市场价格受供求关系影响而降低的情况 。
5.使倒平,使倒伏:使物体因外力作用而倒下、倒伏,“The wind has beaten the crops down.”,风把庄稼吹倒了,描述了自然现象对农作物的影响 。
(五)bend down:垂下,弯下
“bend”意为弯曲,“bend down”表示身子等往下弯曲,“She bent down to pick it up.”,她弯下腰去捡它,常用于描述人弯腰的动作 。
(六)blow down:(风等)吹倒,被风等吹倒
“blow”是吹的意思,“blow down”指风等强大力量把物体吹倒,“Two huge trees had been blown down in the storm.”,两棵大树在暴风雨中被吹倒了,突出风对物体造成的破坏 。
(七)boil down to:意味着,归结为
“boil”有“煮沸”的含义,从“煮沸减少即浓缩”引申为“意味着,归结为”,“It all boils down to money in the end.”,最终这一切都归结于钱,强调在复杂的情况中提炼出关键因素 。
(八)break down
(机器、车辆等)损坏,停止运转:“break”有打破、破坏的意思,“break down”表示机器、车辆等正常状态被完全打破,“The engine/car broke down.”,发动机/汽车坏了,描述机器设备出现故障无法正常运行的情况 。
(谈判、婚姻等)失败,破裂:用于描述关系、活动等的正常状态被破坏,“The peace talks have broken down.”,和平谈判破裂了,体现了原本的合作或协商无法继续进行 。
(健康)垮掉,崩溃:指人的健康状态被破坏,“The woman broke down when the police told her that her son had died.”,当警察告诉这位女士她儿子去世的消息时,她崩溃了,展示了人在遭受重大打击时的精神和身体状态 。
(谈话、通信等)中断:表示交流或联系的正常状态被打破,“The conversation broke down at this point.”,谈话在这时中断了,强调交流过程中的意外停止 。
瓦解,粉碎:使对抗、阻碍等被完全打破,“They broke down all opposition.”,他们粉碎了所有的反对势力,突出在冲突或竞争中消除障碍的行为 。
(九)bring down(核心义:bring带来 + down往下 → 把……往下带)
拿下来,抬下,运下:“bring”表示带来,“bring down”即把东西从高处往下带,“He will need help to bring the piano down.”,他需要帮忙把钢琴搬下来,描述搬运物体的动作 。
使落下,打倒:使物体或人从高处落下或倒下,“The wind brought down a number of trees.”,风刮倒了一些树,体现了自然力量对物体的影响 。
降低,减少:把价格、数量等往下带,即降低或减少,“The supermarket will bring down their prices during the festival.”,超市在节日期间会降价,反映了商业活动中价格的调整 。
使沮丧,使不悦:使某人的情绪低落,“The bad news brought him right down.”,这个坏消息让他很沮丧,描述情绪受到负面影响的情况 。
使(政府、领导人等)倒台,打倒,击败:使政府、领导人等失去权力或地位,“The national strike brought the government down.”,全国性的罢工使政府倒台,展示了社会运动对政治局势的影响 。
使(飞机)降落:引导飞机从空中下降到地面,“The pilot brought the plane down safely.”,飞行员使飞机安全降落,强调飞机着陆的过程 。
(十)calm down:(使)镇静下来,平静下来
“calm”有“(使)平静,(使)镇定”的意思,“calm down”表示使情绪往下平静,“I tried to calm him down after the bad news.”,听到坏消息后,我试图让他平静下来,常用于安抚他人情绪的场景 。
(十一)cast down
放下:“cast”有“投,扔,抛”的意思,“cast down”即往下扔,“You had better cast down your weapons.”,你最好放下武器,描述放下物品的动作 。
使(眼睛)向下看:将视线往下投,“The girl cast her eyes down shyly.”,女孩害羞地垂下眼睛,体现了人的表情和动作 。
使沮丧,使气馁(常用于被动语态):好心情被“往下抛掉”,即变得沮丧,“He was much cast down by the bad news about his examination.”,他因考试的坏消息而非常沮丧,表达了负面消息对人的情绪影响 。
(十二)close down(核心义:close关,闭 + down往下 → 关下,关掉……)
(工厂、商店等)关闭,停业,停产:关掉工厂或商店的大门,停止经营活动,“When the factory closed down, many people were out of work.”,工厂关闭后,很多人失业了,反映了经济活动中的企业倒闭现象 。
(电视台、电台等)停止当日的播放:关掉电视台或电台当日的信号,“This station is now closing down and we wish you all good night.”,这个电台现在停止当日播放,祝大家晚安,描述了媒体机构的日常运营结束 。
(十三)come down(核心义:come来 + down向下 → 下来)
降下,掉下:表示物体从高处落下,“The snow came down thick and fast.”,雪下得又密又急,描绘了雪花飘落的情景 。
(物价等)下跌:价格从高位下降,“Prices are much more likely to go up than to come down.”,物价上涨的可能性比下跌大得多,体现了经济活动中价格的波动 。
落魄,潦倒:形容人的精神状态或生活状况变差,“Poor old George has come down in the world since his business failed.”,可怜的老乔治自从生意失败后就落魄了,描述了人在经历挫折后的生活变化 。
(十四)come down to(核心义:come来 + down向下 + to到,达 → 向下来到……)
向下达到:物体等向下来到某个位置,“The window came down almost to the ground.”,窗户几乎垂到地面,描述物体的位置状态 。
归结为,归根到底是:问题等经过分析总结,最终指向某个关键因素,“It all comes down to money in the end.”,最终一切都归结于钱,强调在复杂情况中找到关键要点 。
由上一代传给下一代:物品、故事等从长辈传递到晚辈,“This story has come down to them from their ancestors.”,这个故事是从他们的祖先那里传下来的,体现了文化、传统等的传承 。
(十五)come down with:患(病)
“come”表示来,“come down with”从“带着……(病)健康下降”引申为“患(病)”,“She came down with a bad cold and was unable to go to school.”,她患了重感冒,不能去上学,描述了生病的情况 。
(十六)cool down
(使)变凉,冷却:“cool”有冷却的意思,“cool down”使温度往下降,“The soup has cooled down.”,汤已经变凉了,描述物体温度的变化 。
(使)冷静下来:使怒气、兴奋等情绪冷却,“She's very angry. Give her some time to cool down.”,她很生气,给她点时间冷静一下,用于安抚情绪激动的人 。
变冷淡:使热情降低,“He used to say he loved me, but recently he seems to have cooled down.”,他过去常说爱我,但最近似乎冷淡了,描述人际关系中情感的变化 。
(十七)count down:(发射火箭等时)倒读数
“count”是数的意思,“count down”即往下数,常用于火箭发射等场合,“Millions of people saw Apollo 10 being counted down on television.”,数百万人在电视上看到阿波罗10号发射倒计时,体现了发射前紧张的氛围 。
(十八)crack down:对……采取严厉措施,镇压
“crack”有打击的意思,“crack down”从“往下打击嚣张气焰”引申为“对……采取严厉措施,镇压”,“Police are cracking down hard on drug dealers.”,警方正在严厉打击毒贩,展示了执法部门的行动 。
(十九)cut down(核心义:cut砍 + down往下 → 把……往下砍)
砍倒,杀死:把树木等物体往下砍,可引申为杀死,“We had to cut the old tree in our yard down after the storm.”,暴风雨过后,我们不得不把院子里的老树砍倒,描述对树木的处理 。
削减,减少:把消费、开支等往下砍,即减少数量或程度,“I'll stop smoking to cut down expenses.”,我要戒烟以减少开支,体现了在生活中节约的行为 。
缩短,改小:把长度、尺寸等往下砍,“The tailor cut the dress down.”,裁缝把裙子改小了,描述对衣物进行修改的动作 。
使当众出丑,使出洋相,使丢人现眼:把人的尊严等往下砍,“He always cuts her down in front of his friends.”,他总是在朋友面前让她出丑,体现了不尊重他人的行为 。
(二十)damp down
使(火)减弱,熄灭:“damp”有湿气的意思,“damp down”从“湿气往下灭火”引申为使火减弱或熄灭,“The fire had been damped down but not extinguished.”,火已经被弄小了,但还没有熄灭,描述对火势的控制 。
减弱,抑制:控制某种情绪或情况,使其程度降低,“She tried to damp down her feelings of despair.”,她试图抑制自己的绝望情绪,体现了对自身情绪的调节 。
(二十一)draw down:拉下,放下
“draw”有拉的意思,“draw down”即往下拉,“It's time to draw down the curtain.”,是时候拉上窗帘了,描述日常生活中的动作 。
(二十二)face down
面朝下,卧倒:“face”是脸的意思,“face down”表示脸往下面朝下、卧倒,“Everybody face down. There are bombs coming over.”,大家都趴下,有炸弹飞过来了,用于危险情况下的指令 。
用目光(气势等)压倒,降服,挫败:用面部表情或气势使对手倒下,“He has to face his opponent down.”,他必须用气势压倒对手,体现了在竞争或对抗中的心理策略 。
(二十三)fall down
突然落下,突然摔倒,坍塌:物体突然掉落或人突然摔倒,建筑物倒塌等,“The bridge fell down with an enormous crash.”,桥轰然倒塌,描述了物体倒塌的情景 。
落下,垂到地面:物体自然地落下并垂到地面,“The willow was falling down.”,柳树垂下来,描绘了自然景象 。
破烂不堪,摇摇欲坠:形容建筑物等快要塌倒的状态,“That building is falling down for lack of attention.”,那栋楼因缺乏维护而摇摇欲坠,体现了建筑物的破败状况 。
(想法、论点、方法等)站不住脚,说不通:表示某种观点、理论等存在缺陷,无法成立,“That's where the theory falls down.”,这就是该理论的不足之处,用于评价观点或理论的合理性 。
(二十四)go down(核心义:go走 + down往下 → 往下走)
(价格、价值、水平、质量等)下降,降低:表示价格、价值等从高到低的变化,“The value of the dollar has gone down again.”,美元的价值又下降了,体现了经济领域中价值的波动 。
(船)沉没,(日)落:船下沉、太阳落下,都表示物体向下的运动,“Three ships went down in the storm.”,三艘船在暴风雨中沉没了,描绘了自然现象和灾难场景 。
(二十五)go down with(核心义:go走 + down往下 + with随着 → 随着……往下走)
被接受,被认可:印象随着了解逐渐深入人们心中,从而被接受,“Frank went down well with Linda's parents on his first visit.”,弗兰克第一次拜访时就给琳达的父母留下了好印象,描述了人际交往中的印象和认可 。
患病,病倒:身体状况随着疾病变差,“They all went down with scarlet fever.”,他们都患上了猩红热,体现了生病的情况 。
一、hand down
(一)往下递,搀…下去
“hand”意为“交,递,给”,“down”表示“往下”,二者结合表示把东西或人往下传递、搀扶 。例如“Please hand down that book to me from the shelf.”,意思是请把书架上的那本书递给我,描述了在空间上从上至下传递物品的动作 。
(二)把…传下去,继承
从“hand”的传递含义出发,将东西、技术、精神等往下一代传递,即“把…传下去,继承”。如“These skills have been handed down from generation to generation.”,这些技能一代一代地传了下来,体现了文化、技艺等在家族或群体中的传承 。
(三)宣布,公布(决定)
“把决定、判决等往下递”,意味着向大众宣告,即“宣布,公布(决定)”。像“The court handed down a sentence of four years on the accused.”,法院对被告宣判了四年徒刑,展示了该短语在法律场景中的运用 。
二、hold down
(一)阻止(物价等)上涨
“hold”有“使保持”之意,“hold down”从“使物价等往下保持着”引申出“阻止(物价等)上涨”的含义。比如“We must try to hold prices down.”,我们必须设法抑制物价上涨,强调对经济现象的控制 。
(二)压制,控制
使暴乱、激动等情绪或情况往下保持,也就是“压制,控制”。“They used even more massive terror to hold down the people.”,他们用更大规模的恐怖手段来压迫人民,描述了对群体或局面的控制行为 。
(三)保持住(工作等)
“使工作等往下保持着”,表示持续拥有工作等,即“保持住(工作等)”。“He couldn't hold down a job after his breakdown.”,他精神崩溃后就无法保住一份工作了,体现了在职业方面的稳定性 。
三、hunt down
“hunt”是“追赶,追捕”,“down”表示“往下”,合起来表示“对…穷追到底,追捕到”。例如“The police were hunting down the killer.”,警方在追捕那名凶手,突出了追捕的决心和行动 。
四、hurry down
(一)快下(楼)来
“hurry”表示“赶紧,匆忙”,“hurry down”即赶紧往下走,也就是“快下(楼)来”。“Hurry down, Jane. Tea is ready.”,简,快下楼来,茶准备好了,常用于日常生活中招呼他人下楼的场景 。
(二)沿着…匆忙通过
“赶紧往脚下的路行走”,即“沿着…匆忙通过”。“He walked nervously to the corner and hurried down a side street.”,他紧张地走到街角,然后匆匆沿着一条小巷走去,描绘了人物在街道上的行动状态 。
五、keep down
(一)使处于低水平,控制,限制,遏制
“keep”是“保持”,“keep down”从“往下保持”引申出“使处于低水平,控制,限制,遏制”的意思。“He couldn't keep down his anger.”,他无法抑制自己的愤怒,体现了对情绪的控制 。
(二)压制,镇压
“往下阻止”不良情况,即“压制,镇压”。“You couldn't keep a good man down.”,你无法压制一个好人,表达了对正义和力量的肯定 。
六、kneel down
“kneel”表示“跪”,“kneel down”即“跪下,跪着”。“The old woman knelt down to pray.”,那位老妇人跪下祈祷,描述了宗教或表达敬意时的动作 。
七、knock down
(一)击倒,撞倒
“knock”意为“撞击”,“knock down”即“击倒,撞倒”。“He was nearly knocked down by a taxi.”,他差点被一辆出租车撞倒,描述了意外事故中的碰撞情况 。
(二)杀(价),降(价)
“击倒价格”,也就是降低价格,即“杀(价),降(价)”。“He knocked down the price by ten per cent.”,他把价格降低了10%,体现了商业交易中的价格谈判 。
(三)拆除
“击倒建筑物”,意味着拆除,如“These old houses are to be knocked down.”,这些旧房子将要被拆除,描述了城市建设或改造中的行为 。
八、lay down
(一)放下
“lay”表示“放”,“lay down”即“放下”。“Lay down your arms, or we'll fire.”,放下武器,否则我们就开枪了,常用于命令或威胁的场景 。
(二)规定,制定
“设置下来”规则等,即“规定,制定”。“He has laid down certain conditions which you must follow.”,他制定了一些你必须遵守的条件,体现了规则的设定 。
九、let down
(一)放下,放低,降下
“let”是“使”,“let down”即“使…向下”,表示放下、放低、降下。“She let down the bucket into the well.”,她把水桶放下井去,描述了物体位置的下降 。
(二)使失望
“使心情、期望向下”,即“使失望”。“I’m counting on you to support me; don’t let me down.”,我指望你支持我,别让我失望,表达了对他人的期望和担心被辜负的心情 。
(三)使略逊一筹,使美中不足
“使形象向下”,也就是“使略逊一筹,使美中不足”。“His pronunciation lets him down.”,他的发音使他的表现打了折扣,说明发音对整体形象的影响 。
(四)(飞机)(使)下降,降低高度
“使飞机向下”,即“(飞机)(使)下降,降低高度”。“The plane is letting down slowly.”,飞机正在慢慢下降,描述了飞机飞行状态的变化 。
(五)(轮胎等)放气
“使轮胎胎身等向下”,意味着放气。“The naughty boy let down the back tire of my bike.”,那个淘气的男孩给我的自行车后轮胎放了气,描述了对轮胎的操作 。
(六)降低(标准,质量等)
“使标准,质量等向下”,即“降低(标准,质量等)”。“We shouldn’t let our product standards down.”,我们不应该降低我们的产品标准,强调了对质量和标准的要求 。
(七)松懈,放松
“使精力、投入等向下”,也就是“松懈,放松”。“Don’t let down even though the going is good.”,即使进展顺利也不要松懈,提醒人们保持专注和努力 。
十、lie down
(一)躺着,躺下
“lie”表示“躺”,“lie down”即“躺着,躺下”。“Go and lie down for a while.”,去躺一会儿,用于建议休息的场景 。
(二)屈服,投降
“彻底地躺下”,引申为“屈服,投降”。“No self respecting fighter will lie down under such a defeat.”,没有自尊的战士会在这样的失败面前屈服,表达了对不屈精神的赞美 。
十一、look down
(一)朝下看
“look”是“看”,“look down”即“朝下看”。“She looked down to hide the shame in her eyes.”,她低下头,掩饰眼中的羞愧,描述了人物的动作和心理 。
(二)look down on/upon 看不起,轻视
“往下看某人或某事”,引申为“看不起,轻视”。“She has always looked down on us for not having a car.”,她总是因为我们没有车而看不起我们,体现了不尊重他人的态度 。
十二、mark down
(一)写下,记下
“mark”表示“做记号”,“mark down”即“往下做记号”,也就是“写下,记下”。“I marked down the new address of my friend.”,我记下了朋友的新地址,用于记录信息的场景 。
(二)降低…的价格
“价格标记往下”,即“降低…的价格”。“All goods have been marked down.”,所有商品都降价了,描述了商业促销活动 。
(三)降低…的分数
“(考试等)分数往下”,也就是“降低…的分数”。“The teacher marked him down for spelling errors.”,老师因为他的拼写错误而扣了他的分,体现了考试评分中的情况 。
十三、move down
(一)从高处移到低处,下移
“move”表示“移动”,“move down”即“往下移动”,也就是“从高处移到低处,下移”。“I watched him move nervously down the slope.”,我看着他紧张地从斜坡上走下来,描述了人物在空间中的移动 。
(二)移动(以腾出空间)
“往下游移动”,引申为“移动(以腾出空间)”。“Can you move down the bus so more people can get on ”,你能往公交车里面挪一挪,让更多人上车吗?常用于公共交通场景中 。
(三)(使)降级,(使)降到慢班
“往下一级移动”,即“(使)降级,(使)降到慢班”。“If you don’t work harder, you’ll be moved down.”,如果你不更加努力学习,你就会被降级,强调了学习或工作中的竞争和调整 。
十四、pass down
“pass”是“传递”,“pass down”即“往下一个传递”,也就是“把…传下来,使相传”。“The story was passed down from generation to generation.”,这个故事一代一代地传了下来,体现了文化传承 。
十五、pour down
“pour”表示“灌,倒”,“pour down”即“雨像水一样地往下灌/倒”,也就是“(雨)倾盆而下,倾泻”。“The rain poured down for two days and nights.”,雨倾盆而下,下了两天两夜,描绘了恶劣的天气状况 。
十六、pull down
(一)拉下,使地位/位置下降
“pull”是“拉”,“pull down”即“拉下,使地位/位置下降”。“They have pulled the big tree down.”,他们把那棵大树拉倒了,描述了对物体的动作 。
(二)拆毁,拉倒
“把建筑物拉下”,也就是“拆毁,拉倒”。“It is easier to pull down than to build up.”,拆毁比建造容易,体现了建设和破坏的对比 。
(三)(疾病)使虚弱
“疾病把人拉倒”,即“(疾病)使虚弱”。“This illness has pulled him down.”,这场病把他拖垮了,描述了疾病对人的影响 。
十七、put down
(一)放下
“put”表示“放”,“put down”即“把…往下放”,也就是“放下”。“Put down that knife before you hurt somebody!”,在伤到别人之前放下那把刀,用于警告或制止的场景 。
(二)写下
“把笔尖往下放”,引申为“写下”。“Please put down your name and dress.”,请写下你的姓名和穿着,用于记录信息的要求 。
(三)镇压,平息(叛乱、暴乱等)
“把叛乱、暴乱的气焰往下放”,即“镇压,平息(叛乱、暴乱等)”。“The troops were called out to put down the disturbance.”,部队被调去平息骚乱,描述了维护社会秩序的行动 。
(四)让(某人)下车
“把人从车上往下放”,也就是“让(某人)下车”。“The bus stopped to put down some passengers.”,公交车停下来让一些乘客下车,用于交通场景 。
(五)批评,贬低,羞辱
“把人的脸面往下放”,即“批评,贬低,羞辱”。“She is always putting me down in front of other people.”,她总是在别人面前贬低我,体现了不友善的行为 。
十八、settle down
(一)定居下来,过安定的生活
“settle”有“安家,定居”之意,“settle down”即“定居下来,过安定的生活”。“Mary hoped to settle down in this country.”,玛丽希望在这个国家定居下来,表达了对生活状态的期望 。
(二)平静下来
“settle”表示“平静”,“settle down”即“平静下来”。“Things have settled down.”,事情已经平静下来了,描述了局面或情绪的变化 。
十九、shake down
(一)敲诈,勒索
“shake”是“摇动”,“shake down”从“使用威胁等从别人身上摇下钱”引申出“敲诈,勒索”的含义。“Two men tried to shake him down for $5,000.”,两个人试图敲诈他5000美元,描述了不良行为 。
(二)彻底搜查
“把整个房子都摇下来”,引申为“彻底搜查”。“Police shook the club down, looking for narcotics.”,警方彻底搜查了俱乐部,寻找毒品,体现了执法行动 。
二十、shoot down
(一)击落,击毙
“shoot”表示“射击”,“shoot down”即“射击使之往下,射下”,也就是“击落,击毙”。“The enemy claimed to have shot down 22 of our planes.”,敌人声称击落了我们22架飞机,描述了战争场景中的战斗行为 。
(二)驳倒
“观点、理论等被击落”,引申为“驳倒”。“His latest theories have been shot down in flames by the experts.”,他最新的理论被专家们批驳得一文不值,体现了学术讨论中的观点碰撞 。
二十一、shout down
“shout”是“呼喊”,“shout down”从“大声呼喊使其声音倒下”引申出“用叫喊声淹没(或压倒)”的意思。“The crowd shouted the speaker down.”,人群的呼喊声淹没了演讲者的声音,描述了公共场合中的场景 。
二十二、shut down
“shut”表示“关,闭”,“shut down”即“关下工厂或店铺的大门”,也就是“(使)关闭/停工”。“A strike has shut down several car factories.”,罢工使几家汽车工厂停工,体现了工业生产中的情况 。
二十三、sit down
(一)(使)坐下,(使)就座
“sit”表示“坐,就座”,“sit down”即“(使)坐下,(使)就座”。“Sit down, please.”,请坐,常用于礼貌的邀请 。
(二)坐下来全神贯注(做某事)
“坐下认真做某事”,也就是“坐下来全神贯注(做某事)”。“We’ve never actually sat down and talked the problems through.”,我们实际上从未坐下来认真地把这些问题谈清楚,描述了做事的态度和方式 。
(三)(与某人)会面,面谈,会晤
“坐下面谈”,即“(与某人)会面,面谈,会晤”。“If you’re feeling undervalued, it might be a good idea to sit down with your boss and talk about it.”,如果你觉得自己被低估了,和你的老板坐下来谈一谈可能是个好主意,体现了沟通和交流的场景 。
高中英语 “down” 短语动词汇总解析
在高中英语学习中,“down” 与不同动词搭配形成了丰富多样的短语动词,这些短语动词在语义和用法上各有特点,主要围绕 “down” 的 “向下”“由高到低”“紧紧地” 等含义展开。以下是对常见 “down” 短语动词的详细介绍。
一、表示 “退出、退位” 相关
stand down
从席位或职位上往下站,即 “退出(比赛或竞选),(从某职位上)退下” 。例如 “Two of candidates have stood down.”,意思是有两位候选人已经退出 。
step down/aside
从职位上走下来,也就是 “让位,辞职” 。如 “When the judge became ill, he had to step down.”,当法官生病时,他不得不辞职 。
二、表达 “说话方式” 相关
talk down to
朝……以下的口吻说,即 “以居高临下的口气说话” 。“He was always talking down to us like we were idiots.”,他总是以居高临下的口气跟我们说话,好像我们是白痴一样 。
三、涉及 “拆除、撕下” 动作相关
tear down
把……往下撕,有 “撕下来,扯下来” 和 “拆掉,拆除” 两个意思。前者如 “He tore down the enemy’s flag.”,他扯下了敌人的旗帜;后者如 “Did they tear the building down ”,他们把那栋建筑物拆除了吗 ?
四、关于 “缓和、柔和” 之意相关
tone down
把讲话、意见往下压可 “使缓和,使温和” ,把颜色往下调则 “使(颜色)柔和” 。比如 “When the girls arrived, he toned down his language.”,女孩们到了之后,他说话语气变得温和了;“She wanted the bright colors in the room toned down.”,她希望房间里鲜艳的颜色能柔和一些 。
五、与 “降落、追踪” 动作相关
touch down
飞机、航天器等往地面接触,即 “(飞机、航天器等)降落,着陆” 。“The plane touched down safely at Kennedy Airport at about midday.”,飞机大约在中午时分安全降落在肯尼迪机场 。
track down
足迹、车辙、踪迹等往脚下延伸,也就是 “跟踪找到,追查到” 。“The police have tracked down the escaped convict.”,警方已经追查到了那个逃犯 。
六、有关 “冲洗、稀释” 动作相关
wash down
把脏东西洗下去,即 “冲洗” 。“He is washing down his car.”,他在冲洗他的汽车 。
water down
水往下倒,有 “加水冲淡,掺水稀释(液体)” 和 “减弱(语气、调子等),使(讲话、文章等)缓和” 两个义项。例如 “The honey has been watered down.”,蜂蜜被掺水稀释了;“He watered down his speech to avoid giving offence.”,他缓和了讲话的语气以避免冒犯他人 。
七、表示 “抹干、抄写” 动作相关
wipe down
彻底地擦,即 “(用湿布)抹干净,擦干净” 。“The girls took it in turn to wipe down the tables after meals.”,女孩们饭后轮流擦桌子 。
copy down
抄写向下,也就是 “抄下,写下” 。“The reporter copied down every word spoken by the Prime Minister.”,记者把首相说的每一个字都抄了下来 。
八、“get down” 的多义解析
(从… )下来
使人向下,即 “(从… )下来” 。“A man escaped from the burning building by getting down a ladder.”,一名男子通过顺着梯子往下爬,从着火的建筑物里逃了出来 。
写下
使笔向下,也就是 “写下” 。“Get down these notes quickly.”,快把这些笔记记下来 。
使沮丧
使心情向下,即 “使沮丧” 。“Low grades are getting Helen down.”,低分数让海伦很沮丧 。
(to)开始认真做(某事)
使头向下,类似于汉语 “埋头苦干”,即 “(to)开始认真做(某事)” 。“You must get down to your studies this year.”,你今年必须开始认真学习 。
九、“记录、写下” 相关短语
note down
记录向下,即 “记下,写下” 。“He noted every word I said.”,他把我说的每一个字都记了下来 。
set down
有 “放下,卸下,下车” 和 “记下,写下” 两个意思。前者如 “He set me down at the station.”,他让我在车站下了车;后者如 “I’ll set down what he said at the meeting.”,我会把他在会议上说的话记下来 。
take down
拿下,取下引申为 “拆,拆卸” ,记录向下表示 “记下,写下” 。例如 “Please take down the old picture.”,请把那幅旧画取下来;“The reporters took down the speech.”,记者们把演讲内容记了下来 。
write down
写向下,即 “记下,写下” 。“Please write down the driver’s name and dress.”,请写下司机的姓名和穿着 。
十、体现 “由高到低、由强到弱” 变化相关
burn down
燃烧向下,有 “烧毁” 和 “(火力)减弱” 两个义项。如 “The city was burnt down by the enemy.”,这座城市被敌人烧毁了;“Let’s leave the fire to burn down and go into our tent.”,咱们等火小一些就进帐篷 。
die down
消失由强到弱,即 “(物质特性和感情等)逐渐减弱,逐渐平息” 。“The fire/wind is dying down.”,火 / 风渐渐小了;“The excitement soon died down.”,兴奋的情绪很快就平息了 。
play down
由高到低地播放,低调处理,即 “降低…的重要性,贬低” 。“She tried to play down his part in the affair and play up her own.”,她试图贬低他在这件事中的作用,夸大自己的作用 。
run down
有 “往下跑,从…跑下来”“往下流,从…流下”“说…坏话,贬低”“停止运转,耗尽”“(使)逐渐停产,(使)逐渐减少”“撞倒,撞沉”“抓到,找到” 等多个意思。例如 “The old man walked down the mountain while the children ran down.”,老人慢慢走下山,孩子们则跑了下来;“The water ran down steadily.”,水不停地往下流;“He’s always running me down in front of my neighbours.”,他总是在邻居面前说我的坏话;“The batteries have run down.”,电池没电了;“The coal industry is running down.”,煤炭行业正在逐渐衰落;“He was almost run down by a bus.”,他差点被一辆公共汽车撞倒;“They ran down the thief just outside the town.”,他们就在镇外抓到了那个小偷 。
slim down
变苗条由大到小,有 “(靠节食等)变苗条,减肥,瘦身” 和 “精简(机构),裁减(人员),减少(岗位)” 两个意思。如 “She slimmed down to 50 kilos before her wedding.”,她在结婚前减肥减到了 50 公斤;“The corporation needs slimming down its workforce.”,这家公司需要裁减员工 。
slow down
慢下来由高到低,即 “放慢,减速” 。“You have to slow down your car at the crossing.”,你在十字路口得把车速放慢 。
turn down
旋转由高到低,有 “关小,调低” 和 “拒绝(请求等)” 两个义项。例如 “Please turn down the gas.”,请把煤气关小一点;“His book has been turned down by the publishers.”,他的书被出版商拒绝了 。
十一、表示 “紧紧地,牢牢地” 相关
chain down
用链条拴住紧紧地,即 “链住,拴住” 。“Don’t worry about the heavy load; it is chained down.”,别担心重物,它已经被拴好了 。
hammer down
锤击,锤打紧紧地,即 “钉牢” 。“The cover was hammered down now.”,盖子现在已经钉牢了 。
nail down
有 “钉住,钉牢” 和 “确定,明确” 两个意思。前者如 “If the corner of the carpet curls up, nail it down.”,如果地毯角卷起来了,就把它钉住;后者如 “Can we nail the concept down a little more precisely ”,我们能更精确地明确一下这个概念吗 ?
tie down
有 “拴住,捆住” 和 “牵制,束缚” 两个义项。例如 “Help me tie this lid down.”,帮我把这个盖子捆住;“The new baby tied her down.”,新生的宝宝把她给拴住了(让她无法自由行动) 。
故事法巧记短语
### 故事一:拯救小镇的神秘力量
In a small and peaceful town, strange things started to happen. The weather turned bad, with the sun beating down ((阳光)暴晒,直射) mercilessly during the day and heavy rain pouring down ((雨)倾盆而下,倾泻) at night. Crops were being beaten down (使倒平,使倒伏) by the strong wind, and people were worried.
One day, a young adventurer named Lily came to the town. She heard about the problems and decided to help. First, she tried to calm down ((使)镇静下来,平静下来) the frightened villagers. "Don't worry," she said. "We'll find a way to fix this."
Lily knew she had to find the source of these strange events. She started to explore the outskirts of the town. As she walked, she noticed that some old buildings were falling down (破烂不堪,摇摇欲坠). She thought there might be a connection.
Suddenly, she saw a dark figure moving in an abandoned house. She followed it carefully. Inside the house, she found a mysterious crystal. Just as she picked it up, the figure attacked her. Lily was scared but she didn't back down (放弃,后退,屈服). She fought back and managed to face down (用目光(气势等)压倒,降服,挫败) the figure. It turned out to be a mischievous goblin.
The goblin had been using the crystal to cause the chaos. Lily took the crystal and tried to figure out how to stop its power. She remembered an old legend that said the crystal could be controlled if it was placed in a special cave.
She set off to find the cave. The journey was tough, but she didn't give up. Finally, she found the cave and placed the crystal inside. As she did, the strange weather started to calm down. The sun stopped beating down so harshly, and the rain eased off.
The villagers were overjoyed. They thanked Lily for her bravery. From then on, the town returned to its peaceful state, and Lily became a hero. Her story was passed down (把…传下来,使相传) from generation to generation as a reminder of the power of courage.
**中文翻译**:在一个宁静的小镇上,奇怪的事情开始发生。天气变得很糟糕,白天烈日无情地暴晒,夜晚大雨倾盆而下。庄稼被强风刮倒,人们忧心忡忡。
一天,一位名叫莉莉的年轻冒险家来到了这个小镇。她听说了这些问题,决定帮忙。首先,她试图让受惊的村民们平静下来。“别担心,” 她说,“我们会找到解决办法的。”
莉莉知道她必须找到这些奇怪事件的源头。她开始探索小镇的郊外。走着走着,她注意到一些老建筑摇摇欲坠。她觉得这之间可能有联系。
突然,她看到一个黑影在一所废弃的房子里移动。她小心翼翼地跟了上去。在房子里,她发现了一块神秘的水晶。就在她捡起水晶的时候,那个黑影袭击了她。莉莉很害怕,但她没有退缩。她反击并成功地用气势压倒了那个黑影。原来是一个调皮的小妖精。
这个小妖精一直在用这块水晶制造混乱。莉莉拿走了水晶,试图弄清楚如何阻止它的力量。她想起了一个古老的传说,说如果把水晶放在一个特殊的洞穴里,就能控制它。
她出发去寻找那个洞穴。旅程很艰难,但她没有放弃。最后,她找到了洞穴并把水晶放了进去。就在她这么做的时候,奇怪的天气开始平静下来。太阳不再那么毒辣地暴晒,雨也变小了。
村民们欣喜若狂。他们感谢莉莉的勇敢。从那以后,小镇恢复了平静,莉莉成了英雄。她的故事代代相传,提醒着人们勇气的力量。
### 故事二:校园才艺秀的挑战
There was a big talent show coming up at school, and everyone was excited. Tom really wanted to participate. He had been practicing his magic tricks for weeks, hoping to shine on stage.
However, on the day of the audition, things didn't go as planned. When it was his turn, he was so nervous that his hands were shaking. He tried to calm himself down ((使)镇静下来,平静下来), but it didn't work. He made some mistakes during his performance, and his magic tricks didn't turn out well.
After the audition, Tom was really disappointed. He felt like he had let himself down (使失望). His friends tried to cheer him up, but he was still in a bad mood. He started to think that he wasn't good enough and that he should give up.
But then, his teacher, Mr. Smith, came to talk to him. "Tom, don't be so hard on yourself," he said. "Everyone makes mistakes. You just need to learn from this experience and keep going." Mr. Smith's words gave Tom the courage to face his failure.
Tom decided to work harder. He spent every spare minute practicing his magic. He watched videos of famous magicians and learned new techniques. He didn't let his previous failure bring him down (使沮丧,使不悦).
Finally, the day of the talent show arrived. Tom was still a bit nervous, but he took a deep breath and walked onto the stage. This time, he performed perfectly. His magic tricks were amazing, and the audience was impressed. They cheered and clapped loudly.
After the show, Tom felt a great sense of achievement. He had overcome his fear and proved himself. His friends congratulated him, and he knew that all his hard work had paid off. From this experience, Tom learned that no matter how difficult things seem, if you don't give up and keep working hard, you can succeed. And he also learned not to look down on (看不起,轻视) himself when faced with failure.
**中文翻译**:学校即将举办一场大型才艺秀,每个人都很兴奋。汤姆非常想参加。他已经练习魔术好几个星期了,希望能在舞台上大放异彩。
然而,在试镜那天,事情并没有按计划进行。轮到他的时候,他紧张得手都在发抖。他试图让自己平静下来,但没有成功。他在表演中犯了一些错误,魔术效果也不好。
试镜结束后,汤姆非常失望。他觉得自己让自己失望了。他的朋友们试图让他振作起来,但他仍然情绪低落。他开始觉得自己不够好,应该放弃。
但是后来,他的老师史密斯先生来和他谈话。“汤姆,别对自己太苛刻了,” 他说,“每个人都会犯错。你只需要从这次经历中吸取教训,继续努力。” 史密斯先生的话给了汤姆面对失败的勇气。
汤姆决定更加努力。他把每一分空闲时间都用来练习魔术。他观看著名魔术师的视频,学习新技巧。他没有让之前的失败使自己沮丧。
最后,才艺秀的日子到了。汤姆还是有点紧张,但他深吸一口气,走上了舞台。这次,他表演得非常完美。他的魔术令人惊叹,观众们印象深刻。他们欢呼鼓掌。
表演结束后,汤姆感到一种巨大的成就感。他克服了恐惧,证明了自己。他的朋友们向他祝贺,他知道自己所有的努力都得到了回报。从这次经历中,汤姆明白了无论事情看起来多么困难,只要不放弃,继续努力,就能够成功。他也学会了在面对失败时不要轻视自己。
### 故事三:小镇的宝藏传说
In a small town, there was an old legend about a hidden treasure. A group of friends, including Jack, Lucy, and Mark, decided to find it during their summer vacation.
They started their adventure by following an old map. As they walked through the forest, they had to be careful because the path was slippery. Jack almost fell down (突然落下,突然摔倒) once, but Lucy quickly grabbed his hand and helped him stand up.
After a long walk, they came to an old temple. The temple looked ancient and mysterious. They entered the temple and found some strange symbols on the walls. Mark took out a notebook and marked down (写下,记下) the symbols, hoping they would be a clue to the treasure.
Suddenly, they heard a loud noise. It was a big snake! The snake was hissing and seemed angry. They were scared, but they didn't run away. Lucy tried to calm the snake down ((使)镇静下来,平静下来) by speaking softly, but it didn't work.
Jack picked up a stick and was ready to fight. He knew he had to face down (用目光(气势等)压倒,降服,挫败) the snake to protect his friends. Just as the snake was about to attack, Mark found a small hole in the wall. He suggested they hide in it.
They quickly moved down (从高处移到低处,下移) into the hole and waited for the snake to leave. After a while, the snake slithered away. They came out of the hole and continued their search.
Finally, they found a secret room. Inside the room, there was a big chest. They were excited, thinking it was the treasure chest. But when they opened it, they found only some old books. They were a bit disappointed, but they still took the books as a valuable find.
On their way back, they talked about their adventure. They realized that the journey itself was more important than the treasure. They decided to keep the old books and pass them down (把…传下来,使相传) in their families as a memory of this exciting adventure.
**中文翻译**:在一个小镇上,有一个关于隐藏宝藏的古老传说。一群朋友,包括杰克、露西和马克,决定在暑假去寻找它。
他们按照一张旧地图开始了冒险。当他们穿过森林时,必须小心,因为路很滑。杰克有一次差点摔倒,但露西迅速抓住他的手,帮他站稳了。
走了很长一段路后,他们来到了一座古老的寺庙。寺庙看起来古老而神秘。他们进入寺庙,发现墙上有一些奇怪的符号。马克拿出笔记本,记下了这些符号,希望它们能成为找到宝藏的线索。
突然,他们听到一声巨响。是一条大蛇!蛇发出嘶嘶声,看起来很生气。他们很害怕,但没有逃跑。露西试图轻声说话让蛇平静下来,但没有成功。
杰克捡起一根棍子,准备战斗。他知道他必须用气势压倒蛇来保护他的朋友。就在蛇要攻击的时候,马克发现墙上有一个小洞。他建议他们躲进去。
他们迅速钻进洞里,等待蛇离开。过了一会儿,蛇爬走了。他们从洞里出来,继续寻找。
最后,他们发现了一个密室。在密室里,有一个大箱子。他们很兴奋,以为这就是宝箱。但当他们打开它时,只发现了一些旧书。他们有点失望,但仍然把这些书当作有价值的发现带走了。
在回去的路上,他们谈论着他们的冒险。他们意识到旅程本身比宝藏更重要。他们决定保留这些旧书,并在家族中代代相传,作为这次激动人心的冒险的纪念。
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