07 back动词短语-高中英语高频动词短语速记

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V + back短语动词
在高中英语学习中，“V + back”结构的短语动词数量丰富，语义多样。这些短语动词的含义与“back”的基本义“回原处，回原状”以及引申义“向后面，往后面”“还，回”紧密相关，下面将对常见的“V + back”短语动词进行详细解析。
一、基于“向后面，往后面”含义的短语动词
（一）fall back
向后倒下：“I fell back and hurt my head.”，这里描述了“我”向后摔倒并伤到头部的情景，“fall back”直接体现了身体向后倒下的动作 。
落后：在竞争或发展的情境中，“Don't fall back now, just when you're doing so well.”，表示在进展顺利时不要落后，强调在某个进程中位置或程度上的后退 。
后退，退却：常用于描述军队或人群的行动，“The army has begun falling back.”，指军队开始向后撤退，突出战略上的向后移动 。
下降，减少：用于描述数量、程度等方面的变化，“Students' number has fallen back in recent years.”，表明近年来学生数量有所下降，体现数量上的回落 。
（二）fall back on：求助于，借助于，依靠
这是一个比喻用法，“You can always fall back on him whenever you're in trouble.”，意思是在遇到困难时，你总能依靠他，形象地表达了在困境中寻求支持的含义 。
（三）get back
退后，走开，让开：在警示或要求他人让出空间的场景中使用，“Get back or I will shoot.”，带有命令的语气，让对方往后退 。
返回，回家：表示从别处回到原来的地方，“What time did you get back last night ”，询问昨晚回来的时间，强调回到出发地 。
把…送回：涉及将某人或某物送回到原来的位置或归属处，“Don't worry. We will get you back home safely.”，承诺将某人安全送回家 。
取回，恢复：“She's got her old job back.”，表示重新获得之前的工作，即恢复到过去拥有的状态 。
（四）go back
后退，退开，站远些：用于提醒他人远离危险，“Go back! The roof is falling.”，强调让人向后退以避免危险 。
回到，返回：既可以指回到某个地点，“Can we go back inside ”，也可以表示回到某种状态，如“恢复(从前的状态)”，“Once you have taken this decision, there is no going back.”，指做出决定后无法回到之前的状态 。
回忆，忆起：“He went back to his childhood.”，表示回忆起童年时光，让思绪回到过去 。
起源，追溯：“The traditional festival goes back to the period of the Warring States.”，说明传统节日的起源可以追溯到战国时期，强调时间上的回溯 。
(罢工后)复工：“The strikes won't go back until they get a pay rise.”，指工人在罢工后，直到获得加薪才会回到工作岗位 。
(夏令时结束之际)拨回原来的时间：“The clocks go back tonight. We get an extra hour in bed.”，描述了夏令时结束时将时钟调回原来时间的情况 。
（五）keep back
往后退，(与…)保持距离：在危险情况下提醒他人保持安全距离，“Keep back! The big tree is falling”，防止受到大树倒下的影响 。
阻止，抑制：常与情感、行为等搭配，“She could hardly keep back the tears.”，表示她几乎忍不住眼泪，即抑制情感的表达 。
隐瞒，保留：指不透露信息或保留物品，“I'm sure she's keeping something back from us.”，怀疑她对我们隐瞒了一些事情 。
（六）look back
回头看：表示转头向身后看的动作，“Go straight ahead and don't look back.”，常用于指引方向或要求专注向前 。
(at/on/to)回顾，回忆：“He looked back on his childhood with mixed feelings.”，带着复杂的情感回忆童年，强调对过去经历的回想 。
（七）move back
(使)退后，(使)后移：用于描述物体或人的位置移动，“Move back! The house is falling!”，提醒人们向后移动以躲避危险 。
(使)回到原位，(使)归位：“His eyes moved back to her face.”，表示眼睛的视线回到她的脸上，回到原来的位置 。
(使)推迟，(使)延期：“They have moved back the date of the sports meeting.”，指将运动会的日期向后推迟 。
（八）pull back
退回，缩回：“The crowd pulled back to let the famous singer through.”，人群向后退为歌手让路，描述人群的动作 。
撤离，撤回(部队)：军事上指将部队撤回，“The general decided to pull his troops back.”，体现战略上的调整 。
退却，反悔：“The manager pulled back from signing the contract.”，表示经理在签署合同问题上退缩、反悔 。
（九）set back
向后移：“Would you please help me to set the desk back ”，请求帮忙把桌子向后移动，改变其位置 。
推迟，延缓，阻碍：“The rain set the building program back by several weeks.”，雨水导致建筑项目推迟了几周，强调对进程的负面影响 。
使花费，使破费：“This new house will set him back quite a bit.”，购买新房子会让他花费很多钱，突出金钱上的支出 。
（十）sit back
(使)向后倚坐：“Sit back and listen to me.”，让人向后靠坐着听，描述一种放松的坐姿 。
在一旁闲着，袖手旁观：“They won't sit back and let you do it.”，表示他们不会无所事事地看着你做，强调不参与、不帮忙的状态 。
（十一）stand back
靠后站，退后：“Stand back! It's dangerous ahead!”，警告前方危险，让人往后站，保障自身安全 。
位于远离…的地方：“Our school stands back from the road.”，说明学校的位置离道路有一定距离，描述位置关系 。
置身事外(来考虑)，旁观：“She ran the family and her husband stood back.”，她操持家庭事务，而她丈夫在一旁不参与，体现不介入的态度 。
（十二）turn back
折起，向后翻：“The collar turns back in the latest fashion.”，指衣领按照最新款式向后翻折，描述衣物的样式 。
(使)原路返回，往回走：“The weather got so bad that we turned back.”，因为天气恶劣，“我们”不得不原路返回，改变行进方向 。
二、基于“还，回”含义的短语动词
（一）answer back：(小孩)还嘴，犟嘴
常见于小孩与长辈对话时不礼貌的回应场景，“Don't answer back like that.”，告诫小孩不要这样顶嘴 。
（二）bounce back
恢复健康，重振旗鼓：用于描述身体恢复或在困境后重新振作，“Don't worry about his illness, he will bounce back soon.”，安慰他人不用担心病情，他很快会恢复健康 。
(电子邮件)退回：“I sent the author an email, but it bounced back.”，表示发送的邮件被退回，未成功送达 。
（三）bring back
带回，归还，(使)回来：“She's gone and nothing can bring her back.”，表示无法让她回来，也可指带回物品或人，如归还物品等 。
回忆起，使想起：“Seeing you brought back many happy memories to me.”，看到你让“我”回忆起许多快乐的往事，强调唤起记忆 。
恢复：“The holiday brought her back to health.”，度假使她恢复了健康，指恢复到良好的状态 。
（四）call back
叫回，召回：“He was called back from his holiday to handle the problem.”，他在度假时被召回处理问题，强调让人返回 。
再次访问：“I will call back later when your wife's at home.”，打算等对方妻子在家时再次拜访，指再次前往某个地方 。
回电话：“Martin phoned. Can you call him back ”，马丁打电话了，询问是否能回电话给他 。
（五）choke back：忍住，抑制，克制
与情感相关，“She choked back her tears.”，她强忍着不让眼泪流下来，体现克制情感的行为 。
（六）come back
回来，返回：“Come back here at once!”，命令某人立刻回来，最基本的表示返回的意思 。
再次出现，再度发生：“His stomachache has come back again.”，他的胃痛又发作了，指某种情况再次出现 。
再受欢迎，再度盛行：“Miniskirts are starting to come back.”，迷你裙又开始流行起来，描述事物重新受到欢迎 。
(突然)回忆起，回想起：“It suddenly came back to me where I saw him.”，突然想起在哪里见过他，强调记忆的突然浮现 。
回击，反驳：“He came back at the speaker with some sharp questions.”，他用尖锐的问题回击发言者，指回应并反驳他人 。
（七）cut back
急忙返回，迅速返回：“He cut back through the woods to where he had been standing before.”，他穿过树林急忙返回之前站的地方，突出返回的速度快 。
削减，缩减：“The government cut back on public spending.”，政府削减公共开支，指在数量或规模上减少 。
修剪，截短：“Gardeners are cutting the lawn back.”，园丁在修剪草坪，指对植物进行修剪，使其变短 。
（八）date back to/from：追溯到，起始于
用于描述事物的起源时间，“Our partnership dates back to 1990.”和“The tradition dates from the Tang Dynasty.”，分别表明合作关系始于1990年，传统起源于唐朝 。
（九）fight back
抵抗，还击：在面对攻击或欺负时，“Don't let them bully you, Fight back!”，鼓励不要被欺负，要进行反抗 。
克制(感情)，忍住：“She tried to fight back the tears.”，她努力克制不让眼泪流出来，与“choke back”意思相近 。
（十）get back at：对…报复
表示对某人进行报复，“I will get back at them somehow for this!”，“我”会想办法报复他们，带有负面情绪 。
（十一）give back
归还，送还(原主)：“Give the book back to your brother.”，把书还给你哥哥，强调将物品归还原主 。
回报，报答(众人)：“I'd like to give something back to the community.”，想要回报社区，指对他人或群体给予回馈 。
（十二）go back on：违背(诺言等)
“go back on”表示违背承诺，“He went back on his promise.”，他违背了自己的诺言，体现不遵守承诺的行为 。
（十三）hand back
把…归还(给原先或合法的拥有者、国家等)：“The territory was handed back to China.”，领土被归还给中国，涉及领土、物品等归还所属方 。
把…归还(给原主人)：“Please hand back your room key before leaving the hotel.”，离开酒店前请归还房间钥匙，指将物品归还原主 。
（十四）have back
要回，收回(被借走或拿走的东西)：“Can I have the book back by Wednesday ”，询问能否在周三前要回借出去的书 。
愿(与某人)重修旧好：“I will never have her back.”，表示永远不会与她和好，用于描述人际关系 。
（十五）hold back
犹豫，踌躇：面对机会时，“Don't hold back! This opportunity is too good to miss!”，鼓励不要犹豫，抓住机会 。
阻碍，妨碍：“No one can hold back the wheel of history.”，没有人能阻挡历史的车轮，强调对事物发展的阻碍 。
抑制，克制(感情)：“She struggled to hold back her tears.”，她努力克制不让眼泪流出来，控制情感表达 。
隐瞒，保守(秘密)：“Don't hold anything back. You must tell me everything.”，要求不要隐瞒，把所有事情都说出来 。
留出，留下(金钱等供日后之用)：“Thomas held back a sum to cover his incidental expenses.”，托马斯留出一笔钱用于支付杂费 。
（十六）pay back
偿还，还钱给(某人)：“I will pay you back tomorrow.”，承诺明天还钱给对方，涉及金钱债务的归还 。
回报，向…报复：“How can I pay you back for all your kindness ”表示回报对方的好意；“She paid him back for his rudeness by refusing to talk to him.”，她通过拒绝和他说话来报复他的粗鲁 。
（十七）play back
把(球)传回：在球类运动场景中，“When he got the ball, he played it back at once.”，他拿到球后立刻把球传回去 。
为(某人)播放(录音、录像等)：“When we have finished the recording we will play it back to you.”，录制完成后会为你播放录音，指回放录制的内容 。
（十八）put back
把…放回：“Put the dictionary back on the shelf.”，把字典放回书架，强调将物品放回原来的位置 。
推迟，延迟：“The game has been put back to next week.”，比赛被推迟到下周，指将活动等向后延期 。
拖延，延缓：“The strike has put back our deliveries by over a month.”，罢工使交付延迟了一个多月，突出对进程的拖延 。
拨回(钟表指针)，(尤指夏时制结束时)向后拨：“He put the clock back an hour.”，他把时钟调回一小时，常用于调整时间 。
快速大量喝(酒)：“He can put back nine or ten beers on a good night.”，形容他在状态好的时候能喝很多啤酒 。
用…回报，以…报答：“The school has been so good to me, I really want to put something back into it.”，学校对“我”很好，“我”想回报学校 。
(船)返航，驶回：“The ship put back to harbour last night.”，船昨晚返回港口，描述船的行驶方向改变并回到港口 。
（十九）report back
发回报告，(向某人)汇报：“I have to report back to the manager on our progress.”，必须向经理汇报进展情况，指向上级反馈信息 。
返回(工作岗位等)：“It's time to report back for work.”，到了返回工作岗位的时候了，强调回到工作场所 。
（二十）ring back：回电话
与“call back”意思相近，“Your mother called. She wants you to ring back.”，你妈妈打电话了，她希望你回电话 。
（二十一）send back：把…退回，遣还
“send back”表示将物品或人送回原来的地方，“The refugees were sent back to their own country.”，难民被遣送回他们自己的国家 。
（二十二）take back
归还，退还：“He took the book back to the library.”，他把书还回图书馆，指将物品归还 。
领回，带回(某人)：“This bus will take you back to the school.”，这辆公交车会把你带回学校，涉及带领某人回到某个地方 。
收回，接受退货：“The supermarket has promised to take back any unsatisfactory goods.”，超市承诺接受不满意商品的退货 。
同意复婚：“Julia refused to take her husband back.”，朱莉娅拒绝和她丈夫复婚，用于描述婚姻关系 。
收回(说过的话)：“I took back everything I said.”，“我”收回之前说的所有话，指对自己言论的否定 。
使回想起：“That song takes me back a bit!”，那首歌让“我”回想起一些往事，唤起回忆 。
（二十三）talk back：回嘴，顶嘴
与“answer back”类似，“The student was sent out for talking back to the teacher.”，学生因和老师顶嘴被赶出去 。
think back to回想，回忆
(think想back还，回→往回想→回想，回忆)She thought back to the day they first met.
write back回信，复信
(write写信back还，回→往回写信→写回信，复信)I received his letter a week ago,but I forgot to write back.
故事法巧记短语
### 故事一：校园足球赛的逆袭
Last week, our school held a football match. Our class team was up against a very strong opponent. At the beginning of the game, we were all excited and full of confidence. But soon, things started to go wrong.
The other team was really good, and we began to fall back (落后). Their players were much faster, and we found it hard to keep up. Our coach shouted, "Don't fall back! Keep fighting!" But for a while, it seemed like we were losing control.
Then, our captain, Tom, got an idea. He called back (召集) the team and said, "We need to change our strategy. Let's fall back on (求助于，借助于，依靠) our teamwork. We've practiced together, and that's our strength." With that, they started to play more closely as a team.
In the second half of the game, we managed to get back (恢复) some of our momentum. Tom passed the ball to Jack, who quickly played it back (把(球)传回) to Tom. Tom ran forward and scored a goal! The whole class cheered.
But the other team didn't give up. They attacked hard, and we had to keep back (往后退，(与…)保持距离) and defend. Our goalkeeper, Mike, made some amazing saves. He blocked a shot that almost went in, and we all breathed a sigh of relief.
As the game went on, we realized we could win. We fought back (抵抗，还击) even harder. Another player, David, got the ball and ran past several opponents. He kicked the ball hard, and it went straight into the goal. We were leading now!
The other team tried to turn things around, but we held back (抑制，克制(感情)，这里指克制胜利的喜悦，保持专注) our excitement and continued to play well. In the end, we won the game. We all jumped up and down, celebrating our victory. This game taught us that no matter how difficult the situation is, we can bounce back (恢复健康，重振旗鼓，这里指在比赛中扭转局势) if we stick together and fight back.
**中文翻译**：上周，我们学校举办了一场足球比赛。我们班的球队对阵一支实力很强的对手。比赛一开始，我们都很兴奋，充满信心。但很快，情况就开始不对劲了。
对方球队非常出色，我们开始落后。他们的球员速度更快，我们很难跟上。我们的教练喊道：“别落后！继续战斗！” 但有一段时间，我们似乎失去了控制。
然后，我们的队长汤姆想出了一个主意。他召集队员们说：“我们需要改变策略。我们要依靠团队合作。我们一起训练过，这是我们的优势。” 于是，他们开始更加紧密地团队协作。
比赛下半场，我们设法恢复了一些势头。汤姆把球传给杰克，杰克迅速把球传回给汤姆。汤姆向前跑，进了一球！全班同学都欢呼起来。
但是对方球队没有放弃。他们猛烈进攻，我们不得不后退防守。我们的守门员迈克做出了一些精彩的扑救。他挡住了一个差点进球的射门，我们都松了一口气。
随着比赛的进行，我们意识到我们能赢。我们更加努力地反击。另一名球员大卫拿到球，突破了几个对手。他用力踢球，球直接进了球门。我们现在领先了！
对方球队试图扭转局面，但我们克制住兴奋的心情，继续好好比赛。最后，我们赢得了比赛。我们都高兴得跳了起来，庆祝胜利。这场比赛让我们明白，无论情况多么困难，只要我们团结在一起并反击，就能在困境中扭转局势。
### 故事二：神秘的旧照片
One day, while cleaning the attic, I found an old box. Curious, I opened it and saw a bunch of old photos. As I looked through them, I was taken back (使回想起) to my childhood.
There was a photo of me and my grandparents. I thought back to (回想，回忆) the days when we used to go fishing together. We would always go back (回到，返回) to their small cottage by the lake after a long day of fishing. Those were the days when I didn't have a care in the world.
I showed the photos to my mom. She looked back on (回顾，回忆) those times with a smile. "These photos bring back (回忆起，使想起) so many good memories," she said. One of the photos was of my parents' wedding. Mom told me how they had to cut back (削减，缩减) on some expenses because they didn't have much money at that time.
I decided to keep the photos safe. I put them back (把…放回) in the box carefully. But then, I noticed one photo was missing a corner. I wondered what had happened to it. I asked my mom if she knew, but she said she had no idea.
A few days later, my cousin came to visit. He saw the box of photos and started looking through them. Suddenly, he said, "I think I've seen that missing corner before." He went back (返回) to his house and came back (回来，返回) with a small piece of photo. It was the missing corner! He had found it when he was cleaning his room a long time ago and had forgotten about it.
We were so happy to have the photo complete again. We put it back in the box and decided to take better care of these precious memories. These old photos were like a time - machine, taking us back to the good old days and making us cherish the past even more.
**中文翻译**：一天，我在打扫阁楼的时候，发现了一个旧盒子。出于好奇，我打开它，看到了一堆旧照片。当我翻看这些照片时，我的思绪回到了童年。
有一张我和祖父母的合影。我回想起我们一起去钓鱼的日子。钓了一整天鱼后，我们总是会回到湖边他们的小农舍。那些日子里，我无忧无虑。
我把照片拿给妈妈看。她微笑着回忆起那些时光。“这些照片勾起了好多美好的回忆。” 她说。其中有一张是我父母的结婚照。妈妈告诉我，因为当时他们没什么钱，所以不得不削减一些开支。
我决定好好保管这些照片。我小心翼翼地把它们放回盒子里。但后来，我发现有一张照片缺了一角。我想知道发生了什么事。我问妈妈是否知道，可她也一无所知。
几天后，我的表弟来拜访。他看到了这盒照片，开始翻看。突然，他说：“我觉得我以前见过那个缺的角。” 他回家一趟，然后带着一小片照片回来了。正是那张照片缺失的一角！他很久以前打扫房间的时候发现了它，后来却忘了这回事。
照片又完整了，我们都很高兴。我们把它放回盒子里，决定更好地保管这些珍贵的回忆。这些旧照片就像一台时光机，带我们回到过去的美好时光，让我们更加珍惜过去。
### 故事三：小镇的神秘传说
In a small town, there was an old house that everyone was a little afraid of. It was said that strange things happened there. One day, a group of curious teenagers decided to explore it.
When they arrived at the house, they stood back (靠后站，退后) for a while, looking at the old, creepy building. Some of them were a bit scared, but their curiosity got the better of them. They moved back (使退后) the overgrown bushes to make a path and slowly walked towards the door.
As they entered the house, they heard strange noises. One of the girls wanted to turn back (原路返回) right away, but the others convinced her to keep going. They looked around and found some old letters on the table. As they read the letters, they realized that they might be able to find out the secrets of the house.
Suddenly, a gust of wind blew through the house, and the door slammed shut. They all got scared and started to move back (往后退). One of the boys tried to open the door, but it seemed to be stuck. They called back (叫回) their courage and decided to look for another way out.
They explored the house further and found a hidden room. Inside the room, there was an old book. When they opened the book, they saw that it was full of strange symbols. They couldn't make sense of it at first, but then one of the smartest boys in the group remembered that he had seen similar symbols in a history book. He thought back to (回想，回忆) what he had read and realized that the symbols might date back to (追溯到) an ancient time.
Just then, they heard a voice coming from outside. They were afraid it might be someone dangerous. They decided to hide in the hidden room and keep back (隐瞒，这里指不发出声音) any noise. After a while, the voice faded away, and they carefully made their way out of the house.
Once they were outside, they ran back to their homes. They couldn't wait to tell their friends about their adventure. But they also knew that they had to keep the secrets of the old house. This adventure made them realize that there were still many mysteries in their small town waiting to be discovered.
**中文翻译**：在一个小镇上，有一座老房子，大家都有点害怕它。据说那里会发生奇怪的事情。一天，一群好奇的青少年决定去探索这座房子。
他们到达房子后，往后退了一会儿，看着这座老旧阴森的建筑。他们中的一些人有点害怕，但好奇心还是占了上风。他们把长得过于茂盛的灌木丛往后移，开辟出一条路，然后慢慢朝门走去。
他们走进房子时，听到了奇怪的声音。其中一个女孩想立刻原路返回，但其他人说服她继续前进。他们四处查看，在桌子上发现了一些旧信件。读这些信件时，他们意识到或许能揭开这座房子的秘密。
突然，一阵大风刮过房子，门砰地关上了。他们都吓坏了，开始往后退。一个男孩试图打开门，但门好像卡住了。他们鼓起勇气，决定寻找其他出路。
他们继续在房子里探索，发现了一个隐藏的房间。房间里有一本旧书。他们打开书，看到里面满是奇怪的符号。一开始他们看不懂，但随后小组里最聪明的一个男孩想起他在一本历史书上见过类似的符号。他回想起自己读过的内容，意识到这些符号可能追溯到古代。
就在这时，他们听到外面传来一个声音。他们担心可能是危险人物。于是决定躲在隐藏的房间里，不发出任何声音。过了一会儿，声音消失了，他们小心翼翼地走出了房子。
一到外面，他们就跑回了家。他们迫不及待地想把这次冒险经历告诉朋友们。但他们也知道，必须保守这座老房子的秘密。这次冒险让他们意识到，他们的小镇上还有许多秘密等待被发现。
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