【满分攻略】 专题三 名词-小升初英语复习精讲精练(全国通用版)
名词是表示人、事、物、地点以及抽象概念的词。
[考点1] 名词的分类
1.专有名词和普通名词
(1)专有名词
专有名词是表示特定的人或事物名称的词。如:
人名 John 约翰; Lucy露西
地名 China 中国; Hong Kong香港 the Great Wall 长城 the West Lake 西湖
机构、报刊 the United Nations联合国 WTO 世界贸易组织 China Daily 中国日报
节日 the Spring Festival 春节 the Mid-Autumn Festival 中秋节 Children's Day 儿童节
(2)普通名词
凡不属于特定的人或事物名称的词,叫普通名词。普通名词又可分为个体名词、集体名词、物质名词和抽象名词。
个体名词: bag 包 room 房间
集体名词: family 家庭 people 人
物质名词: water水 air空气
抽象名词: health 健康 life 生活2.可数名词和不可数名词
名词根据是否能够用数字来计算,可以分为可数名词和不可数名词。
(1)可数名词
可数名词是可以用数字一个一个数出来的名词。
可数名词有单数、复数两种形式。单数名词是指词的数量为“一”,一般情况下单词要与不定冠词a/ an 连用,如 a ruler(一把尺子), an elephant (一头大象),也有些单词要与定冠词 the连用,如 the moon (月亮);复数名词是指名词的数量“大于一”,因此名词会有一个复数形式的变化。名词复数形式的变化比较复杂,分为规则变化和不规则变化。
名词复数的规则变化
情 况 规 律 读 音 例 词
一般情况 加-s 清辅音后读/s/,浊辅音和元音后读/z/ map→maps cat→cats car→cars bag→bags
以s, sh, ch,x结尾的 名词 加--es 读/ z/ bus→buses dish→dishes match→matches box→boxes
以“辅音字母+y” 结尾的名词 变y为i,再加-es 读/z/ story→stories baby→babies
以f或fe结尾的名词 变f或 fe为v,再加-es 读/ vz/ leaf→leaves wolf→wolves wife→wives life→lives
名词复数的不规则变化
构成方法 例 词
改变内部元音 man→men woman→women
词尾加-en或-ren child→children
单复数同形 fish→fish sheep→sheep Chinese→Chinese
复合名词 主要词改复数 boy student→boy students
含 man或 woman 的,前后 两词都改复数 man driver→men drivers woman nurse→ women nurses
(2)不可数名词
不可数名词指不可以用数字一个一个数出来的名词。
不可数名词没有单复数之分,但可以借助词组来表示不可数名词的量。如:
I'd like a cup of coffee. 我想要一杯咖啡。
There are two pieces of news. 有两条新闻。
[考点2] 名词所有格
名词中表示所属关系的形式叫名词所有格。在表示人或物品的所属关系时,就需要用到名词所有格。名词所有格有两种形式:一种是’s所有格,即在名词后面加’s,多用来修饰有生命的东西;另一种是 of所有格,即在介词 of后面加名词,多用来修饰没有生命的东西。
1.’ s所有格
如果名词代表的事物是有生命的,那么它的所有格形式就是在这个名词后加's。它的形式有一定的规则:
情 况 构 成 示 例
一般情况 名词末尾加’ s Lily's father 莉莉的父亲
以s结尾的复数名词 名词末尾加’ teachers’ desk讲台
词尾不是s的复数名词 名词末尾加’ s the children's beds 孩 子 们的床
拥有东西时 几个人共同拥有一件东西 在最后一个人名后加’ s Lily and Lucy's bedroom 莉 莉和露西 (共有)的卧室
每个人分别拥有某物 在 每 个人 名 后各加’s Lily's and Lucy's bedrooms 莉 莉和露西 (各自)的卧室
表示店铺或某人的家等地点时 所有格’s 后面通常不出现它所修饰的名词,名词 所有格直接表示具体的意义 the barber's 理发店
2. of所有格
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如果名词代表的事物是没有生命的,常用 of组成的短语来表示所有格。如:the kitchen of our house (我们家的厨房), the lamp of our company(我们公司的灯)。21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
Ⅰ.写出下列名词的复数形式。
1. orange 2. box
3. woman 4. tomato
5. bus 6. baby
7. watch 8. photo
9. class 10. foot
11. dish 12. child
13. family 14. life
Ⅱ.用所给单词的正确形式填空。
1. How many (sheep) are there on the hill
2. There is some (food) in the basket.
3. The baby has only two (tooth) now.
4. There is a lot of (water) in the bottle.
5. There are five (people) in her family.
6. Do you want some (potato) for dinner
7. I have two (sister).
8. The (leaf) on the tree turn yellow.
9. Those shoes are (Tom).
10. Are these your (sock)
11. He has two (cup) of tea.
12. Their (dictionary) look new.
13. There are many (fox) in the picture.
14. Would you like some (juice)
15. Where are the (child) books
Ⅲ.单项选择。
( ) 1. How many are there in the hospital
A. women doctor B. women doctors
C. woman doctor D. woman doctors
( ) 2. There are four on the desk.
A. knife B. knifes C. knives D. the knifes
( )3. Mrs Smith is mother.
A. Tom and Ben B. Tom's and Ben's
C. Tom and Bens' D. Tom and Ben's
( ) 4. I'd like some .
A. chicken and apples B. chickens and apples
C. chickens and apple D. chicken and apple
( ) 5. Please give me an .
A. cake B. bread C. oranges D. orange
( ) 6. They are from . They speak .
A. America; American B. America; English
C. American; English D. America; England
( ) 7. I had for breakfast.
A. two bread B. two piece of breads
C. two pieces of bread D. breads
( ) 8. These are made of .
A. glass; glasses B. glass; glass
C. glasses; glass D. glasses; glasses
( ) 9. is famous all over the world.
A. Great Wall B. The great wall
C. The Great Wall D. The Great wall
( ) 10. I am a friend of .
A. the Green B. the Greens
C. the Greens's D. the Greens’
( )11.—— Why does she look so unhappy
— Oh, she's got .
A. a bad teeth B. a bad tooth
C. some bad tooth D. some bad tooths
( ) 12. These are the of our national .
A. photos; heroes B. photoes; heroes
C. photos; heros D. photoes; heros
( ) 13. The old man wanted .
A. seven boxes of peaches B. seven box of peaches
C. seven boxes of peach D. seven box of peach
( ) 14.— Whose bags are these
— They are .
A. the twins B. the twins’
C. the twins's D. twins’
( ) 15. There are lots of in that shop.
A. woman; shoe B. woman; shoes
C. women; shoe D. women; shoes
Ⅳ.按要求完成下列各题。
1. I have some old sweaters.(改为单数句)
2. There is an orange tree in the garden.(改为复数句)
3. She is a good teacher. (改为复数句)
4.— What is it
— It's a box.(改为复数句)
—
—
【参考答案】
Ⅰ. 1. oranges 2. boxes 3. women 4. tomatoes 5. buses 6. babies 7. watches 8. photos
9. classes 10. feet 11. dishes 12. children 13. families 14. lives
Ⅱ.1. sheep 2. food 3. teeth 4. water 5. people6. potatoes 7. sisters 8. leaves 9. Tom's 10. socks
11. cups 12. dictionaries 13. foxes 14. juice15. children's
Ⅲ.1. B 2. C 3. D 4. A 5. D 6. B 7. C 8. C 9. C10. D 11. B 12. A 13. A 14. B 15. C
Ⅳ. 1. I have an old sweater.
2. There are some/ many orange trees in the garden.
3. They are good teachers.
4.— What are they
— They are boxes.