2025年上海市普陀区二模英语试卷
考生注意：
1.考试时间105分钟，试卷满分115分。
2.本次考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。
3.答题前，务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上， 在答题纸反面清楚地填写姓名。
I. Grammar and vocabulary
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Nature Lover It May Be Written in Your Genes
Our love of the natural world is partially baked into our genes, a study by researchers from the University of Queensland and the National University of Singapore suggests.
Using data collected by TwinsUK, the most detailed and extensive twin study ever ____1____ (carry) out, the team compared the genetic heritability of two types of trait — how strongly a person feels connected to nature, and the amount of time ____2____ they spend in nature — in more than 1,000 sets of twins.
They found that identical twins, who share almost all of their genes, were more similar to each other than fraternal twins, who share around half of their genes, ____3____ their appreciation of nature.
This genetic influence ____4____ (observe) in between 34 per cent for frequency of garden visits and 44 per cent for public nature space visits, they said.
“We were truly surprised by ____5____ we uncovered,” said study co-author Prof Richard Fuller of the University of Queensland. “This means there may be inborn genetic differences among people’s psychological connection with nature and how they experience ____6____. Our results help to explain why some people have a stronger desire than others ____7____ (be) in nature.”
Previous studies have shown that, ____8____ people are raised and live in an urban or rural environment, it influences how strongly they want to be among nature or seek out outdoor experiences. However, this is a novel study ____9____ (involve) the suggestion that genetics plays a role in how strongly we feel a connection to nature.
As more and more people living in urban areas are reporting lower levels of well-being, and are at a _____10_____ (high) risk of mental health disorders such as depression and anxiety than before, the study highlights the importance of bringing people closer to nature, the researchers say.
Section B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
advocating B. alongside C. committed D. convincing E. handle F. logic G. motivate H. organizational I. primitively J. sustain K. visual
The Art of Persuasion
Persuasion is the art of influencing others’ thoughts, feelings and actions. It’s about ____11____ people to see things from your perspective, adopt your ideas or take specific actions. When you’re negotiating a business deal, ____12____ a cause or simply trying to get your point across, persuasion plays a crucial role.
Employers place a great value on employees with persuasion skills because they can impact several aspects of job performance. Besides, teamwork and leadership rely heavily on the power of persuasion to get things done. Without persuasion skills, employees may not be as ____13____ to or convinced of the importance of an organization’s vision and long-term mission. Effective use of persuasion skills will not only help get your coworkers excited about your ideas, it’ll also help you ____14____ them to achieve a common goal.
In order to learn the art of persuasion at the workplace, you need to understand how to ____15____ conflicts and reach agreements. Good communication is the first step in effective persuasion, but ____16____ and reasoning are just as important. Before you can get somebody on-board with your goal, you should help them understand why they should pursue it. Using ____17____ aids to back up your ideas can help illustrate your ideas better.
Successful persuasion skills are based on your ability to have positive interactions and maintain meaningful relationships with people. In order to ____18____ those relationships, you must be able to work in their best interests as well. Your coworkers are more likely to agree with you when they succeed ____19____ . The more they achieve and the greater progress they make, the more they trust your judgement and strength.
We persuade and get persuaded every day. A vast majority of people favour cooperation and teamwork over traditional ____20____ structures; no one likes to be told what to do or to be pushed around. Therefore, organizations and leaders should adopt powerful persuasion skills to bring about necessary changes.
II. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
As machine-learning music specialist Prof Nick Bryan-Kinns explains, new neural (神经) networks are capable of writing original music — but may never — ____21____ meaningful lyrics (歌词).
Music AIs use neural networks that are really large sets of bits of computers that try to ____22____ how the brain works And you can basically throw lots of music at this neural network and it learns patterns — just like how the human brain does by ____23____ being shown things.
What’s ____24____ about today’s neural networks is that they’re getting bigger and bigger, and they’re becoming harder and harder for humans to understand what they’re actually doing.
We’re getting to a point now where we have these essentially black boxes that we put music into and nice new music ____25____. But we don’t really understand the details of what it’s doing.
These neural networks also ____26____ a lot of energy. If you’re trying to train AI to analyze the last 20 years of pop music, for instance, you’re ____27____all that data in and then using a lot of electricity to do the analysis and to generate a new song. At some point, we’re going to have to question whether the environmental impact is worth this new music.
There’s a little bit of ____28____ and mirrors going on with AI music at the moment. You can throw Amy Winehouse’s back catalogue into an AI and a load of music will come out. But somebody has to go and ____29____ that. They have to decide which parts they like and which parts the AI needs to ____30____ a bit more.
The problem is that we’re trying to train the AI to make music that we like, but we’re not ____31____ it to make music that it likes. Maybe the computer likes a different kind of music than we do. Maybe the future would just be all the AIs listening to music together without humans.
I’m also kind of ____32____ that one as well. AI can generate lyrics that are interesting and have an interesting narrative flow. But lyrics for songs are typically based on lyricists’ ____33____, what’s happened to them. Lyricists write about falling in love, things that have gone wrong in their lives, or simple ____34____ like watching the sunrise. AIs don’t do that.
I’m not sure that an AI will have that potential to be able to ____35____ something meaningful to people.
21. A. interpret B. compose C. recite D. perform
22. A. reflect B. stimulate C. replace D. imitate
23. A. repeatedly B. consequently C. randomly D. instantly
24. A. sensible B. harmonious C. tricky D. curious
25. A. runs out B. comes out C. gives out D. puts out
26. A. consume B. preserve C. generate D. waste
27. A. displaying B. processing C. feeding D. gathering
28. A. smoke B. light C. cloud D. fire
29. A. promote B. play C. memorize D. edit
30. A. decide on B. work on C. insist on D. rely on
31. A. requesting B. persuading C. allowing D. enabling
32. A. doubtful about B. incapable of C. confident about D. convinced of
33. A. contributions B. experiences C. resolution D. fantasy
34. A. anxieties B. burdens C. duties D. pleasures
35. A. attain B. broadcast C. communicate D. restore
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
Animal Welfare in Tourism
Over decades of travelling, I have come across some shocking treatment of animals clearly being exploited for our entertainment. The last time was in Morocco, when I was investigating the macaques they use as attractions in the markets. These poor monkeys were kept in terrible conditions and physically abused. Locked up during the daytime, they’d be brought out in the early evening for photo opportunities with holidaymakers. It seems likely that animal exploitation is increasing with the rise of selfie (自拍) culture, and that it’s not fully understood by much of the public — which is why we desperately need laws to prevent travel companies selling tickets to cruel attractions. Sadly though, the way things stand, it’s an absolutely pointless piece of legislation. While the last government went to the trouble of passing this act, it failed to set out a list of activities banned under it. That means thousands of holidaymakers can continue to buy tickets to attractions that treat animals cruelly this summer.
But there are some simple yet powerful things we can all do to help shut down these cruel trades. For starters we need to use the pounds in our pockets as a form of protest. This summer, simply refuse to spend money on any experience that might cause suffering to animals. And blow the whistle hard on any cruelty you come across. You can report incidents of animal cruelty at tourist attractions anywhere in the world to animal welfare organizations, who will use it to create a file of evidence to put pressure on the new government to make sure animals are not pushed aside. Your evidence is vital.
It’s time to do better and make sure we choose well when it comes to satisfying our inborn urge to experience the animals we share our planet with. We should have respect for all life and want to treasure it. No five-minute thrill or subsequent social media post we get from an animal encounter is worth a lifetime of misery for them. We need to remember, their lives are as important as ours.
36. According to the passage, which of the following is true about the macaques in Morocco
A. They were part of a wildlife conservation project.
B. They were free to move around during the daytime.
C. They were taken care of by animal welfare organizations.
D. They were caged in the day and used for photos in the evening.
37. Why does the author consider the current law against animal cruelty ineffective
A. It lacks a clear list of banned practices.
B. It was rejected by the previous government.
C. It only applies to domestic animal abuse.
D. It is not supported by the travel companies.
38 What can be inferred about the author’s opinion on “selfie culture”
A. It helps promote animal welfare through social media.
B. It contributes to the rise of animal exploitation.
C. It encourages tourists to be more environmentally aware.
D. It reflects human indifference to animal suffering.
39. What is the main purpose of the passage
A. To describe a shocking tourist experience in Morocco.
B. To expose animal cruelty in tourism and call for action.
C. To analyze the reasons for the increase in animal exploitation.
D. To introduce the current laws about animal welfare in tourism.
(B)
In recent years, professional organizations in the foreign language field have collaborated to set professional goals, establish policies, and provide valuable support. Here is a list of key membership organizations. For more information and updates, you can visit the links to these organizations’ sites on the Teacher’s Handbook website.
MLA: Founded in 1883, the Modern Language Association (MLA) promotes the study and teaching of languages and literatures and offers opportunities for its members to share their scholarly literary findings and teaching experiences with posed of nearly 30,000 members in 100 countries, MLA hosts an annual convention and other meetings, works with related organizations, and maintains one of the finest publishing programs in the humanities. Its involvement with foreign language teaching and learning specifically is evidenced by its role in the creation of other key organizations. CTFL: The national umbrella organization for the foreign language teaching profession is the Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages (CTFL), founded in 1967 by the leadership of the MLA, to address issues of teacher preparation, language instruction, and curriculum development. In recent years, CTFL launched its Research Priorities in Foreign Language Education Program to identify key areas in which research is needed to inform and improve classroom practice and to sponsor this research through funding, publication.
TESOL: TESOL stands for Teachers of English to Speakers of Other Languages, and the professional association is TESOL International Association. The field of teaching English to speakers of other languages is a professional pursuit that requires specialized training. TESOL differs from teaching English to native speakers of English, since its primary focus is on teaching non-natives to communicate in English and understand cultural practices of English-speaking communities. English as a second language (ESL) educators teach English language learners (ELLs) in countries where English is the dominant language, such as Australia, Canada, England, and the United States. English as a foreign language (EFL) educators teach in countries where English is spoken only as a foreign language, such as Japan and Saudi Arabia.
40. What is the primary focus of the Modern Language Association (MLA)
A. Promoting the teaching of English to speakers of other languages.
B. Facilitating the study and teaching of languages and literatures.
C. Improving language instruction through specialized training.
D. Funding research in foreign language education.
41. What is a significant program initiated by the CTFL in recent years
A. An annual convention for language teachers.
B. A language publishing program for literary studies.
C. Establishing a global network of language educators.
D. The Research Priorities in Foreign Language Education Program.
42. How does TESOL differ from MLA and CTFL
A. TESOL is more focused on literature, while MLA and CTFL focus on language.
B. TESOL promotes the study of all languages while MLA and CTFL focus on English.
C. TESOL is specific to teaching English to non-native speakers, unlike MLA and CTFL.
D. TESOL operates in English-speaking countries, while MLA and CTFL work internationally.
(C)
From Crisis to Community Currency
The financial crisis of 2008 sent shockwaves throughout many countries in the Eurozone and indeed the world. One of the hardest hit nations was Greece. For many Greeks this meant being thrown onto the breadline or worse still, plunging below the line of poverty. For others, the credit crunch (信贷紧缩) prevented them from using credit cards as their debts mounted. While most people felt hopeless, many decided to take the bull by the horns.
When residents of the small town of Volos found themselves struggling to afford even essential items in euros, what they did was to come up with an alternative currency. They pay for the goods in TEM, TEM being a local alternative currency that people can earn by offering their services or goods to others.
The TEM system, which brings to mind the ancient bartering system, operates on an exchange basis. Members of the TEM community gain credit by doing jobs for other people or selling them their own produce. For example, by selling clothes in TEM at the market, a trader could get language or computer lessons in return. As one stall-holder at the market put it, “We have reached the bottom of our lives and we now have to think in a different way.”
But it’s not only at the local market that TEM is accepted. Even well-established local shops in Volos will accept both TEM and euros. In some cases, payment can be made in part euro and part TEM. Hard-up customers can, therefore, make more affordable purchases and store owners can cover their costs.
So, how does the system operate in practical terms The system, which has been developed online, requires members to have TEM accounts. These accounts, which are credited when they earn TEM and debited when they make a purchase, are closely regulated by founding members of the TEM community.
But for those who feel that parallel currencies are too complicated a matter, they can turn to another organization called Peliti. 2002 was the year when Peliti was set up as a national network for the exchange of goods and services without money. Peliti differs from the TEM system as it works purely by bartering. So if, for example, you grow cucumbers and you want someone to cut your hair, you can find a hairdresser in your area who will agree to be paid in cucumbers!
These organizations prove that ordinary people can find a way to survive when the going gets tough. When you have nothing to lose, you have everything to gain from alternative ways of life.
43. In the context of the passage, the underlined phrase “to take the bull by the horns” most probably means “_________”.
A. to deal with the problem bravely
B. to avoid facing a difficult situation
C. to accept help from others when in trouble
D. to wait patiently for the situation to improve
44. Why was the TEM system created in Volos
A. People feared that the euro would disappear.
B. Credit cards were no longer issued to Greeks.
C. A substitute currency for the euro had to be found.
D. Some people had difficulty paying for goods in euros.
45. According to the passage, the TEM currency can be used ________.
A. only at the market in Volos
B. in other countries of the Eurozone
C. in shops and at the market in Volos
D. in shops and markets throughout Greece
46. In comparison with the TEM system, the most significant difference of Peliti is that ________.
A. it operates nationwide
B. it relies merely on service exchange
C. it doesn’t involve an alternative currency
D. its members must produce their own goods
Section C
Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
Fresh Thinking about Fresh Air
In 1842, Edwin Chadwick, a British social reformer, published his landmark Report on the Sanitary (卫生的) Condition of the Labouring Population. By highlighting the link between poor public health conditions and poor health, Chadwick’s report revealed social and geographic health inequalities. His findings inspired British cities to organize clean water supplies and centralized waste treatment systems, which significantly reduced infectious diseases. ____47____
Schools serve as a good example of this issue. A study of 100 American classrooms proved that 87 had airflow rates below healthy standards. In Europe, researchers found that 66% of classrooms in countries such as Denmark and France failed to meet acceptable indoor air quality standards. This is alarming, as poor air quality in schools contributes to conditions like asthma (哮喘), which affects nearly one in 13 American children. Outdoor air pollution, which often enters buildings, can further harm brain development, academic performance and even increase cancer risks. ____48____ Most people spend more than 90% of their time indoors, where spaces with poor air flow have been linked to headaches, burnout, asthma and other health issues. Poor air flow has been blamed for decreased workplace productivity and higher absenteeism.
Despite its importance, indoor air quality has received little government attention. ____49____ Installing carbon dioxide sensors could inform occupants when to open windows or upgrade air systems. National indoor air quality standards, enforced through air flow certificates similar to food safety ratings, would help ensure safer environments.
The cost of better air circulation is modest. Upgrading air circulation in all American schools to meet minimum standards would cost less than 0.1% of annual public education spending. ____50____ As Chadwick’s reforms established clean water as a public expectation, the recent health disaster should inspire policymakers to make clean air an essential standard for all buildings.
A Air circulation is the forgotten part for improved public health.
B. But achieving clean, healthful air in buildings is feasible.
C. Investments in clean indoor air yield significant returns, boosting academic performance and enhancing workplace productivity.
D. The government’s recent plan prioritizes school air flow, setting an example for other countries to follow.
E. The problem, however, is not limited to schools.
F. Today, another public health priority is emerging: improving indoor air quality.
III. Summary Writing
51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Is It a Man or a Woman
As technologies become more human-like, there’s been a push to make them genderless. However, Stanford’s Ashley Martin suggests that people still have a fixed perception of gendered objects in traditional ways. While removing gender might seem like a simple way to fix it, Martin’s research indicates that gender remains a fundamental way people form connections with products.
In her latest research, participants were asked to rate their attachment to male, female and genderless versions of a self-driving car named “Miuu.” Martin found that gender increased users’ feelings of attachment to the device –– and their interest in purchasing it. For example, participants said they would be less likely to buy a genderless “Miuu” than ones with male or female voices. These findings suggest that gendering a product could lead to higher sales or more consumer loyalty.
While gendering products may be good marketing, it may also emphasize outdated or harmful ideas about power and identity. The qualities commonly associated with men, such as competitiveness and dominance, are more valued than those associated with women. “In leadership domains, those are the qualities we want in our leaders, whereas women we see as kind and warm and affectionate,” Martin says. She notes that these qualities, in turn, are mapped onto products that have been assigned a gender. For example, male voice assistants “got things done” and “found the information quickly”, whereas female voice assistants were described as “helpful”.
Yet Martin’s study also found that creating a gender-neutral object was difficult. For instance, if an object’s name was meant to sound gender-neutral, like Miuu, participants would still assign a gender to it — they would assume Miuu was a “he” or “she”.
However, Martin sees a silver lining: she believes humanizing products can reduce or reverse stereotypes, like how women in leadership change perceptions. She hopes future research explores how to increase people’s attachment to objects without relying on gender norms.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
IV. Translation
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
52. 这个方案看似简单，实际操作起来却需要丰富的经验。(require) (汉译英)
________________________________________________________________________________________
53. 幸亏你及时提醒我查阅文献，导师在面试中问到了数据来源。 (reminder) (汉译英)
________________________________________________________________________________________
54. 如何让莘莘学子更好地适应未来生活，很多高中和大学都已将该问题提上日程。(how) (汉译英)
________________________________________________________________________________________
55. 不必焦虑，包粽子虽看似复杂，其实只要依循步骤操作，便能轻松掌握这一传统手艺。(craft)(汉译英)
________________________________________________________________________________________
V. Guided Writing
Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
56. 假如你是明启中学高三学生李明，在本期学校英语报的“Troubleshooter（排忧解难）”专栏读到Mike的来信（内容如下）。你通过该专栏给Mike写一封回信，提供建议，帮助他脱离困境。你的回信须包括：
（1） 你的建议；
（2） 你的理由。
Troubleshooter I’m a freshman facing dorm troubles. One roommate smokes indoors, another watches videos late at night without using earphones. One roommate takes a shower only once a week, which is really disgusting. What can I do Please help! — Mike1
2025年上海市普陀区二模英语试卷
I. Grammar and vocabulary
【答案】1. carried
2. that##which
3. in4. was observed##had been observed
5. what6. it
7. to be8. whether
9. involving
10. higher
Section B
【答案】11. D12. A13. C14. G15. E16. F17. K18. J19. B20. H
II. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
【答案】21. B22. D23. A24. C25. B26. A27. C28. A29. D30. B31. C32. A33. B34. D35. C
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
【答案】36. D37. A38. B39. B
【答案】40. B41. D42. C
【答案】43. A44. D45. C46. C
Section C
Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
【答案】47. F48. E49. B50. C
III. Summary Writing
51.
【答案】(for reference) Despite efforts to create genderless technology, Martin’s research shows people still assign and prefer gendered qualities, enhancing emotional connection and purchase. However, this strengthens the prejudices, with male traits viewed as more powerful and it’s difficult to make gender-neutral products. Martin suggests using humanizing to challenge perceptions to reshape perceptions of gender in society.
IV. Translation
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
52.
【答案】This plan may seem simple, but its actual implementation requires rich experience.
This scheme may appear simple, but it requires a lot of experience in practice.
53.
【答案】Your timely reminder to consult the literature helped me, since the advisor asked about the source of the data during the interview.
Thank you for your timely reminder to consult the literature, and the tutor asked about the data source during the interview.
54.
【答案】How to enable numerous students to better adapt to future life has already been put on the agenda in many senior high schools and universities.
It has already been put on the agenda by many senior high schools and universities how these educational institutions can enable numerous students to better adapt to future life.
55.
【答案】There is no need to worry, because making Zongzi seems complex, but in fact we will be able to master this traditional craft with ease as long as we follow the directions.
Don’t be anxious. Although making Zongzi seems complicated, in fact, as long as you follow the instructions, you can easily master this traditional craft.
V. Guided Writing
Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
56.
【答案】Dear Mike,
I understand your situation as a freshman in a dorm. Dealing with roommates’ habits can be challenging. Here are some suggestions that might help.
Firstly, communicate openly with your roommates. Express your concerns about smoking indoors, watching videos loudly at night, and infrequent showers. They may not be aware of the inconvenience they cause. Secondly, establish dorm rules together. Agree on quiet hours, smoking areas, and shower schedules. This can create a more harmonious living environment.
Remember, patience and understanding are key. Everyone has different habits, and it takes time to adjust. I hope these suggestions can help you resolve your dorm troubles.
Best regards,
Li Ming
PAGE
第1页
