2025中考英语书面表达之通知专项复习练习题【含答案解析】

2025中考英语书面表达之通知专项复习练习题
基础练习
（2024·吉林长春·二模）
学校原定本周五举行校园运动会，由于那天会下雨，活动将推迟到本周日（6月16 日）。假如你是David，请发一则通知，说明推迟活动的原因，以及活动的具体时间、地点和要求，词数40词左右。
要点：1.活动推迟到本周日（6月16 日），将在学校操场上举行；
2.请各位同学带好雨伞、凳子和其他必要的物品；
3.感谢各位同学的理解。
要求：要点齐全，表述通顺，简洁得体。
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（2024·吉林长春·二模）
校英语社团将举办一场关于中国传统故事的英文演讲比赛。假设你是社团的负责人，请根据下面要点和要求，向同学们发布一则通知。
要点：
1. 大赛时间：下周五；
2. 大赛地点：校图书馆；
3. 大赛要求：请准时到达；
4. 大赛奖品：获胜者将得到《中国好故事》(Tales of China) 图书一本。
要求：
要点齐全；语言得体；表述通顺；不少于40词。
Notice
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（2024·宁夏固原·一模）
假如你是李明，本周日由你组织国际交换生去the Dream City游玩。请用英语拟一份口头通知。内容要点如下：
集合时间和地点：上午九点，the Dream City门口；
观看京剧，学习剪纸，制作陶土作品；
自由活动一小时，可游玩，拍照等，五点乘公交返校；
天气炎热，着轻便装；
请补充一两点个人的建议。
注意：
文中不得透露个人姓名和学校名称；
词数80左右(开头已给出，不计入总词数)；
内容连贯，字迹工整。
参考词汇：
Beijing opera京剧； clay piece陶土作品； paper cutting剪纸
Hello, everyone! We are going to the Dream City this Sunday. I will tell everyone something important. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
（2023·吉林长春·一模）
本周五下午，在我们学校的礼堂举办剪纸展评活动（Exhibition Activity），会有很多外国学生来参加。请根据下面要点，用英文写一则不少于40词的通知。
要点：1.时间、地点、活动内容和参加人员；
2.参展的同学带上自己的作品；
3.请参展的同学用英文介绍自己的作品。
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5．（2024·浙江杭州·二模）
你校将邀请李华教授（Professor Li Hua）在下周五下午举办一场关于中国传统节日的讲座，请你代表校学生会在学校英文宣传栏上写一则英文通知，内容包括：
1.讲座具体时间（from 2:00 p. m. to 4:00 p. m. next Friday）、地点（school auditorium）；
2.讲座内容（traditional festivals）；
3.鼓励大家参加。
注意：
1.词数 80—100；
2.标题和结尾已经给出。可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Notice
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Students’ Union
6.（2024·陕西西安·二模）
为了提升学生的英语水平，丰富学生的日常生活，学校英语俱乐部决定举办一系列语言实践活动。请你根据以下具体信息，写一则通知，号召同学们积极参与活动。
English Practical Activities
Time 2:30 p.m.—5:30 p.m, May 15
Place in the school hall
Members all the students of our school
Activities 1. sing English songs 2. tell Chinese stories in English 3. perform short plays in English 4. …
要求：
1.所写内容应包含表格各栏目要点。活动 (Activities) 的具体信息词汇可选择使用，亦可适当发挥；
2.语句通顺，意思连贯，书写工整；
3.文中不得出现你的任何真实信息 (姓名、校名和地名等)；
4.词数：不少于70。(开头和结尾已给出，但不计入总词数。)
Notice
Dear students,
In order to improve your English, make you relaxed and have colorful school lives, our school will
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For more information, please contact your head teacher. Welcome to take part in the activities.
School English Club
May 11, 2024
提升练习
（2024·陕西汉中·二模）
假设你是李华，是你校英语俱乐部负责人，为了促进俱乐部成员之间的交流，你计划本周六组织一次野餐活动。请你根据以下具体信息用英文发一则通知。
A Picnic on Saturday
When and where to meet 3:00 p.m. at the school gate
Where to go the South Lake Park
Who all the members of the English club
What to take some bread; drinks; fruit salad; …
What to do fly kites; play games; sing songs; take photos, …
Rules protect the grass, flowers and trees; don’t litter, …
要求：1. 参考提示内容，可适当发挥;
2. 语句通顺，意思连贯，书写工整;
3. 文中不得出现任何真实信息(姓名、校名和地名等);
4. 词数：不少于70词。(开头已给出，但不计入总词数)
Notice
Dear members,
We are going to have a picnic this Saturday.
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The English Club
2．（2024·上海黄浦·二模）
Write at least 60 words according to the given situation. (根据以下情境写一篇不少于 60个词的短文，标点符号不占格。)
“世界地球日”即将来临，学校将举办公益宣传活动，具体活动安排如下表格所示。请你为校园网站写一篇通知，邀请同学们踊跃参与，通知内容包括活动主题、目的，以及具体活动安排等。
Time Events
8:00-8:30 Check in
9:00-10:00 Drawing competition
10:00-11:00 Tree planting activity
12:00-13:00 Lunch break
13:30-14:30 Science experiment
15:00-15:30 Photo show
You can begin like this:
It’s time to celebrate Earth Day. You are welcome to join us!
注意：1. 短文中不得出现考生的姓名、校名等个人信息，否则不予评分。
2. 照抄阅读语篇不得分。
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3.（2024·陕西渭南·二模）
假如你是学生会主席李华，为了帮助贫困地区的人们，下周五你们将组织以“友爱、互助”为主题的慈善捐助活动(charity activiy)。请你根据以下表格中的提示内容，用英语给你们学校的交换 生写一则通知，号召大家踊跃参加。
A Charity Activity
Time 8:00a.m.—5 p.m., next Friday
Place in the school hall
For whom people in poor villages
Things you can give away old clothes,books,money,..
要求：1.参考提示内容，可适当发挥
2.语句通顺，意思连贯，书写工整；
3.文中不得出现任何真实信息；
4.词数：不少于70词。
Notice
Dear students,
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Student Union
May 24
4．（2024·吉林长春·一模）
假设你是学生会主席李华，你代表学生会，用英语通知同学们参加一次敬老院的公益活动。
提示：1. 本周日上午8点在校门口集合，乘公交车前往；
2. 打扫卫生，整理房间，和老人聊天；
3. 给老人带一些亲手做的礼物。
要求：字迹工整，语法正确，信息完整，不少于40词；开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
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（2023·宁夏固原·模拟预测）
国家提出了将劳动教育(Labor Education)纳入中小学国家课程方案。为此，你所在的学校将要组织全校学生到茹河农场开展为期一周的研学旅行活动。假设你是李华，请根据下面的提示用英语写一则通知告知全校学生。
要点提示：见下面表格
活动地点 茹河农场
活动时间 为期一周，5月29号至6月2日
活动内容 1.帮助打扫卫生、清理农场垃圾；
2.学习喂养动物和如何种菜、植树；
3.帮助农民挤牛奶、采摘水果；
4.喂鸡、骑马、观看小动物。
其它事项 如安全等……
要求：
1.文中不得透露个人姓名和学校名称；
2.紧扣主题及提示，可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3.词数80左右，开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数。
参考词汇：茹河农场 Ruhe Farm; 清理 clear away
Hello, everyone,
May I have your attention, please
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（2023·河北石家庄·三模）
假如你叫李华，是班里的班长。本周末你们班将去参加关爱留守儿童的活动，并且你是此次活动的负责人。请根据所给提示和要求，用英语写一篇通知，向同学们介绍一下此次活动的具体安排。
提示：
（1）What are your plans
（2）How do you feel
要求：
（1）通知须包括所有提示内容，可适当发挥。
（2）通知中不得出现真实的地名、校名和人名。
（3）词数80个左右。（开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数）
Attention please!
I’m so excited that we will have an activity to help the left-behind children.
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Thanks for your attention!
（2023·辽宁沈阳·三模）
假定你是学生会主席李华，学校本周六上午九点在图书馆举办一场读书会（a reading club）。请你给在学校学习的英国交换生写一份通知。内容包括：
（1）读书会的目的（谈论中国传统名著）；
（2）具体安排（时间、地点和交流内容）；
（3）注意事项（表示欢迎、按时到达）。
注意：
（1）词数80—100，开头已为你写好，不计入总词数；
（2）短文须包括所给内容信息，可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
（3）在文中不要出现考生和相关人物的真实校名和姓名。
Notice
May I have your attention, please
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Students Union
（2023·山东济宁·一模）
假定你是光明中学的学生会主席李明，在端午节来临之际，学生会拟组织一次节日文化体验活动—“Make and Taste”端午食粽体验活动。请你代表学生会用英文向学校的外国交换生们发布一则口头通知，通知的要点如下：
(1)活动背景：端午节简介；
(2)活动时间：下周六上午9:00-11:30；活动内容：至少两点；
(3)欢迎大家踊跃参加。
作文要求：
(1)不能照抄原文；不得在作文中出现学校的真实名称和考生的真实姓名。
(2)语句连贯，词数100词左右。作文的标题和开头已经给出，不计入总词数。
参考词汇:Chinese calendar农历 patriotic poet爱国诗人
Notice for Guangming Junior High School Students
Good morning, friends. With the Dragon Boat Festival around the corner, students’ union will hold “Make and Taste” activity to celebrate the Chinese traditional festival.
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（2023·广东深圳·一模）
为丰富校园生活，学校的英语俱乐部决定举办以“最美深圳”(Amazing Shenzhen) 为主题的英文绘本大赛。请你根据以下提示，写一则活动通知。
要点：
1. 参赛对象：全校学生
2. 提交时间：下周五上午12:00前
3. 绘本内容：选择深圳这座城市的任一方面，如发展历程、景点、文化、志愿服务等。
4. 参赛要求：①绘本必须原创；②……（至少补充一点）
参考词汇：内容content；原创的original
要求：
1. 词数80左右（开头已经给出，不计入总词数）；
2. 要点齐全，可适当发挥；
3. 条理清楚，语句通顺，意义连贯，书写规范；
4. 文中不得出现真实姓名和校名。
Notice
In order to enrich students’ campus life, the school English club decides to hold an English picture book competition with the theme “Amazing Shenzhen”.
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English Club
（2023·湖北十堰·一模）
为提高青少年创造能力，积极参与社会实践，学校社团打算举行一次将劳动教育与环保教育相结合的活动——“手绘环保袋（A DIY picture on the bag）”活动。假如你是该学校社团团长，请将这次活动的相关事项通知大家。
内容提示：
时间：本周六下午2:00-6:00；
活动地点：学校体育馆；
活动内容：
在环保袋上绘制精美图画，然后到学校门口发放环保袋，并合影留念；
目的：提高创造能力、增强环境保护意识；
其他：欢迎邀请家人和朋友一起参加。
参考词汇：the environment-friendly bag(环保袋) hand out(分发) awareness(n.意识)
写作要求：
1.语言表达准确，短文连贯、通畅；
2.短文必须包括内容提示，可适当发挥，所给内容提示可变通表达；
3.词数80-100，开头已给出不计入总词数。
Boys and girls, may I have your attention, please
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Thank you for your attention!
（2023·广东深圳·一模）
深圳正成为一座体育之城，健身文化浓厚。为增强学生们的锻炼意识，你所在的学校将举行“奥运冠军进校园”（Olympic Champions Entering Campus）活动。假定你是校英文报的编辑李华，请你代表校学生会写一则通知发布在校英文报上，预告此次活动。
要点：
1.时间地点：下周五下午，学校田径场；
2.活动内容：①冠军成长故事分享；②冠军体育课；
3.注意事项：①穿运动装；②……
提示词：
track-and-field ground田径场 sportswear运动装
要求：
1.80词左右，开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数内；
2.文中不得出现考生的真实姓名和校名；
3.可适当增加细节，以使条理清楚、行文连贯；
4.标点正确，书面整洁。
Notice
Shenzhen is becoming a sports city with a strong fitness culture. To enhance the students’ awareness of exercise, our school plans to
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The Students’ Union
真题练习
1．（2024·宁夏·中考真题）下周三，你校将举办运动会。假如你是校学生会主席，请你代表学生会在校宣传栏英语专栏上用英语给全校学生写一则通知。
内容包括：
1. 时间：下周三上午八点开始，周五下午五点结束；
2. 地点：学校操场；
3. 活动要求：
（1）准时到达操场；
（2）穿运动鞋；
（3）做一些志愿工作；
……（至少再补充两项活动要求）
写作要求：
1. 通知内容必须包括所有要点，可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
2. 文中不得出现真实的人名、校名和地名；
3. 词数80左右（开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数）。
参考词汇：volunteer work 志愿工作 Students’ Union 学生会
Notice
Dear students,
We are excited to tell you that our school will hold a sports meeting.
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We hope all of you have fun.
Students’ Union
2．（2022·吉林长春·中考真题）本周日，同学们将去民俗博物馆（the Folklore Museum）参观。假如你是学生会主席，请根据下面要点和要求，用英文向你校国际交换生发布一则不少于40词的通知。
要点：1.早8:00在学校集合；
2.带笔和笔记本；
3.馆内有英文导游；
4.做好记录，为参观后的讨论做准备。
要求：要点齐全；表述通顺；简洁得体。
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参考答案
基础练习
（2024·吉林长春·二模）
学校原定本周五举行校园运动会，由于那天会下雨，活动将推迟到本周日（6月16 日）。假如你是David，请发一则通知，说明推迟活动的原因，以及活动的具体时间、地点和要求，词数40词左右。
要点：1.活动推迟到本周日（6月16 日），将在学校操场上举行；
2.请各位同学带好雨伞、凳子和其他必要的物品；
3.感谢各位同学的理解。
要求：要点齐全，表述通顺，简洁得体。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】例文
Notice
Dear students,
The school sports meet scheduled for this Friday will be postponed to this Sunday, June 16, due to rain. It will be held on the school playground. Please bring umbrellas, stools, and other necessary items. Thank you for your understanding.
David
【详解】[总体分析]
①题材：本文是一则通知；
②时态：以一般将来时为主；
③提示：写作要点已给出，要求根据提示内容进行写作，适当添加细节，并突出写作重点。
[写作步骤]
第一步，说明校园运动会推迟的原因及活动具体时间；
第二步，讲述举办的地点和要求；
第三步，表达感谢各位同学的理解。
[亮点词汇]
①be postponed to被推迟到
②Thank you for...为……感谢
[高分句型]
①The school sports meet scheduled for this Friday will be postponed to this Sunday, June 16, due to rain.（一般将来时的被动语态）
②Please bring umbrellas, stools, and other necessary items（祈使句）
（2024·吉林长春·二模）
校英语社团将举办一场关于中国传统故事的英文演讲比赛。假设你是社团的负责人，请根据下面要点和要求，向同学们发布一则通知。
要点：
1. 大赛时间：下周五；
2. 大赛地点：校图书馆；
3. 大赛要求：请准时到达；
4. 大赛奖品：获胜者将得到《中国好故事》(Tales of China) 图书一本。
要求：
要点齐全；语言得体；表述通顺；不少于40词。
Notice
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【答案】例文
Notice
To spread Chinese culture, our English club is going to have an English speech competition in the school library next Friday. The competition is about Chinese traditional story. You’re supposed to arrive on time. The winner will get a book called Tales of China as the prize. You’re welcome to take part in the competition.
【详解】[总体分析]
①题材：本文是一则通知；
②时态：时态为“一般将来时”；
③提示：根据提示要点进行写作，注意要点齐全，表述完整。
[写作步骤]
第一步，表明写作目的；
第二步，介绍演讲比赛的时间、地点及注意事项等。
[亮点词汇]
①be supposed to应该
②on time准时
③take part in参加
[高分句型]
To spread Chinese culture, our English club is going to have an English speech competition the school library next Friday. (动词不定式作目的状语)
（2024·宁夏固原·一模）
假如你是李明，本周日由你组织国际交换生去the Dream City游玩。请用英语拟一份口头通知。内容要点如下：
集合时间和地点：上午九点，the Dream City门口；
观看京剧，学习剪纸，制作陶土作品；
自由活动一小时，可游玩，拍照等，五点乘公交返校；
天气炎热，着轻便装；
请补充一两点个人的建议。
注意：
文中不得透露个人姓名和学校名称；
词数80左右(开头已给出，不计入总词数)；
内容连贯，字迹工整。
参考词汇：
Beijing opera京剧； clay piece陶土作品； paper cutting剪纸
Hello, everyone! We are going to the Dream City this Sunday. I will tell everyone something important. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】例文：
Hello, everyone! We are going to the Dream City this Sunday. I will tell everyone something important.
We will meet at the entrance to the Dream City at 9:00 a.m. At the Dream City, we can enjoy Beijing Opera, learn paper cutting and make clay pieces. We will be given an hour to do activities freely. We can do some things such as traveling around and taking photos. We will take the bus to go back to school at five o'clock. I also have some suggestions for you. It is hot and you can wear casual clothes. We must pay attention to safety and never go anywhere alone. I hope we will have a good time at the Dream City.
【详解】[总体分析]
①题材：本文是一篇应用文，为一则通知；
②时态：“一般将来时”为主；
③提示：根据所给的要点提示完成写作，注意适当发挥，突出写作重点。
[写作步骤]
第一步，开门见山，引出本次活动和要介绍的注意事项（已给出）；
第二步，具体阐述活动的时间、地点、内容等；
第三部，表达祝愿。
[亮点词汇]
①travel around周游
②take photos拍照
③go back to school返校
④pay attention to safety注意安全
[高分句型]
①We will be given an hour to do activities freely. （被动语态）
②I hope we will have a good time at the Dream City.（省略that的宾语从句）
（2023·吉林长春·一模）
本周五下午，在我们学校的礼堂举办剪纸展评活动（Exhibition Activity），会有很多外国学生来参加。请根据下面要点，用英文写一则不少于40词的通知。
要点：1.时间、地点、活动内容和参加人员；
2.参展的同学带上自己的作品；
3.请参展的同学用英文介绍自己的作品。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】例文
Notice
Dear students,
This Friday at 1: 00 p.m., there will be a paper-cutting Exhibition Activity in the auditorium of our school. Many foreign students will come to participate. At the same time, all students and teachers will also attend the exhibition. Students who take part in the exhibition are requested to bring your own works. And introduce your work in English.
I’m looking forward to your good results.
【详解】[总体分析]
①题材：本文是一则通知；
②时态：时态为“一般将来时”和“一般现在时”；
③提示：写作要点已给出，考生应注意不要遗漏，适当添加细节，并突出写作重点。
[写作步骤]
第一步，介绍活动的时间、地点及内容等；
第二步，说明参展人员注意事项；
第三步，表达期望。
[亮点词汇]
①at the same time同时
②take part in参加
[高分句型]
① Students who take part in the exhibition are requested to bring your own works.（who引导的定语从句）
5．（2024·浙江杭州·二模）
你校将邀请李华教授（Professor Li Hua）在下周五下午举办一场关于中国传统节日的讲座，请你代表校学生会在学校英文宣传栏上写一则英文通知，内容包括：
1.讲座具体时间（from 2:00 p. m. to 4:00 p. m. next Friday）、地点（school auditorium）；
2.讲座内容（traditional festivals）；
3.鼓励大家参加。
注意：
1.词数 80—100；
2.标题和结尾已经给出。可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Notice
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Students’ Union
【答案】例文
Notice
We are thrilled to announce that Professor Li Hua will be hosting a lecture on Chinese traditional festivals next Friday afternoon at our school!
The lecture will take place from 2:00 pm to 4:00 pm in the school auditorium. Join us as we explore traditional festivals such as Chinese New Year, Mid-Autumn Festival, and Dragon Boat Festival. Discover the customs, legends, and cultural significance behind these cherished celebrations.
We warmly encourage all students to attend it. Don’t miss this opportunity to deepen your understanding of Chinese culture and traditions.
Students’ Union
【详解】[总体分析]
①题材：本文是一则通知；
②时态：一般现在时和一般将来时；
③提示：写作提示已给出，考生应注意要写明讲座的时间、地点和内容，适当发挥，使上下文连贯。
[写作步骤]
第一步，说明你校将邀请李华教授在下周五下午举办一场关于中国传统节日的讲座；
第二步，介绍讲座的时间、地点和内容；
第三步，鼓励大家积极参加。
[亮点词汇]
①thrilled非常兴奋
②take place发生
③explore探索
④cherished珍爱的
[高分句型]
①We are thrilled to announce that Professor Li Hua will be hosting a lecture on Chinese traditional festivals next Friday afternoon at our school!（that引导的宾语从句）
6.（2024·陕西西安·二模）
为了提升学生的英语水平，丰富学生的日常生活，学校英语俱乐部决定举办一系列语言实践活动。请你根据以下具体信息，写一则通知，号召同学们积极参与活动。
English Practical Activities
Time 2:30 p.m.—5:30 p.m, May 15
Place in the school hall
Members all the students of our school
Activities 1. sing English songs 2. tell Chinese stories in English 3. perform short plays in English 4. …
要求：
1.所写内容应包含表格各栏目要点。活动 (Activities) 的具体信息词汇可选择使用，亦可适当发挥；
2.语句通顺，意思连贯，书写工整；
3.文中不得出现你的任何真实信息 (姓名、校名和地名等)；
4.词数：不少于70。(开头和结尾已给出，但不计入总词数。)
Notice
Dear students,
In order to improve your English, make you relaxed and have colorful school lives, our school will
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
For more information, please contact your head teacher. Welcome to take part in the activities.
School English Club
May 11, 2024
【答案】范文：
Notice
Dear students,
In order to improve your English, make you relaxed and have colorful school lives, our school will hold English Practical Activities in the school hall at 2:30 p.m.—5:30 p.m, May 15. And all the students of our school will be present on that day. We will have programs, such as singing English songs, telling Chinese stories in English, and performing short plays in English. I’m sure we will have a nice time. Each class should register at least 3 programs. And then the Students Union will choose the best ones to show. Furthermore, the content of each program must be healthy, active and educative. Please register at English teachers’ office as soon as possible.
For more information, please contact your head teacher. Welcome to take part in the activities.
School English Club
May 11, 2024
【详解】[总体分析]
①题材：本文是一篇通知；
②时态：时态主要为“一般将来时”；
③提示：写作要点已给出，考生应注意不要遗漏信息提示，适当添加细节，并突出写作重点。
[写作步骤]
第一步，表明写作意图。引出英语实践活动的话题；
第二步，具体阐述写作内容。介绍英语实践活动的具体时间及内容等情况；
第三步，书写结语。呼吁同学们积极参加英语实践活动。
[亮点词汇]
①be present出席
②such as例如
③as soon as possible尽快
[高分句型]
I’m sure we will have a nice time. (省略that的宾语从句)
提升练习
（2024·陕西汉中·二模）
假设你是李华，是你校英语俱乐部负责人，为了促进俱乐部成员之间的交流，你计划本周六组织一次野餐活动。请你根据以下具体信息用英文发一则通知。
A Picnic on Saturday
When and where to meet 3:00 p.m. at the school gate
Where to go the South Lake Park
Who all the members of the English club
What to take some bread; drinks; fruit salad; …
What to do fly kites; play games; sing songs; take photos, …
Rules protect the grass, flowers and trees; don’t litter, …
要求：1. 参考提示内容，可适当发挥;
2. 语句通顺，意思连贯，书写工整;
3. 文中不得出现任何真实信息(姓名、校名和地名等);
4. 词数：不少于70词。(开头已给出，但不计入总词数)
Notice
Dear members,
We are going to have a picnic this Saturday.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The English Club
【答案】参考范文：
Notice
Dear members,
We are going to have a picnic this Saturday. Please get to the school gate at 3:00 p.m. on Saturday. We will go to the South Lake Park together.
We can take some bread and drinks as well as some fruit to make a fruit salad. During the period, we can fly kites and play games together. If we are tired, we can chat with each other or sing songs together. At last, we will take a photo together to remember this meaningful day.
What’s more, we should remember to protect the grass, flowers and trees in the park. And don’t drop litter carelessly.
Let’s have a good time together!
The English Club
【详解】[总体分析]
①题材：本文是一则通知；
②时态：时态主要用“一般将来时”；
③提示：写作要点已给出，考生注意不要遗漏要点，可适当添加细节，突出写作要点。
[写作步骤]
第一步，介绍活动集合时间及地点；
第二步，介绍活动中的详细内容以及注意事项；
第三步，表达美好祝愿。
[亮点词汇]
①as well as 以及
②chat with each other 互相聊天
③drop litter carelessly 乱丢垃圾
[高分句型]
①If we are tired, we can chat with each other or sing songs together.（if引导的条件状语从句）
② Let’s have a good time together!（祈使句）
2．（2024·上海黄浦·二模）
Write at least 60 words according to the given situation. (根据以下情境写一篇不少于 60个词的短文，标点符号不占格。)
“世界地球日”即将来临，学校将举办公益宣传活动，具体活动安排如下表格所示。请你为校园网站写一篇通知，邀请同学们踊跃参与，通知内容包括活动主题、目的，以及具体活动安排等。
Time Events
8:00-8:30 Check in
9:00-10:00 Drawing competition
10:00-11:00 Tree planting activity
12:00-13:00 Lunch break
13:30-14:30 Science experiment
15:00-15:30 Photo show
You can begin like this:
It’s time to celebrate Earth Day. You are welcome to join us!
注意：1. 短文中不得出现考生的姓名、校名等个人信息，否则不予评分。
2. 照抄阅读语篇不得分。
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】例文：
Notice
It’s time to celebrate Earth Day. Welcome to join us!
On the occasion of World Earth Day, our school will be hosting a series of public welfare activities to raise awareness about environmental protection. The theme of this event is “Love the Earth, Protect Our Home”. We hope to inspire our students to take action and contribute to the preservation of our planet.
The event will start checking in from 8:00 am to 8:30 am. All participants are required to register upon arrival. From 9:00 to 10:00 am, there will be a drawing competition, providing students with the opportunity to showcase their artistic talents while expressing their love for nature. Following that, from 10:00 to 11:00 am, we will organize a tree planting activity. After a lunch break from 12:00 to 1:00 pm, a science experiment session will take place from 1:30 to 2:30 pm. To conclude the day, a photo show will be held from 3:00 to 3:30 pm, showcasing photographs taken by students that capture the beauty of nature.
Thank you for your attention and we look forward to your active participation!
School Administration
【详解】[总体分析]
①题材：本文是一篇通知；
②时态：时态主要为“一般将来时”；
③提示：写作要点已给出，注意不要遗漏要点，适当添加细节并突出写作重点。
[写作步骤]
第一步，表明写作意图，点出“世界地球日”的主题和目的。
第二步，具体阐述写作内容，阐述具体活动安排。
第三步，书写结语。
[亮点词汇]
①preservation保持，维护
②showcase展示优点
③contribute to为……做贡献
[高分句型]
①From 9:00 to 10:00 am, there will be a drawing competition, providing students with the opportunity to showcase their artistic talents while expressing their love for nature. （there be句型）
②To conclude the day, a photo show will be held from 3:00 to 3:30 pm, showcasing photographs taken by students that capture the beauty of nature.（定语从句）
3.（2024·陕西渭南·二模）
假如你是学生会主席李华，为了帮助贫困地区的人们，下周五你们将组织以“友爱、互助”为主题的慈善捐助活动(charity activiy)。请你根据以下表格中的提示内容，用英语给你们学校的交换 生写一则通知，号召大家踊跃参加。
A Charity Activity
Time 8:00a.m.—5 p.m., next Friday
Place in the school hall
For whom people in poor villages
Things you can give away old clothes,books,money,..
要求：1.参考提示内容，可适当发挥
2.语句通顺，意思连贯，书写工整；
3.文中不得出现任何真实信息；
4.词数：不少于70词。
Notice
Dear students,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Student Union
May 24
【答案】例文
Notice
Dear students,
In order to help those people in some poor villages, we’re going to hold a charity activity. We are going to hold the activity from 8:00 a.m.to 5 p.m.next Friday. And you can donate things in the school hall on that day. I think it would be great for you to give away your old clothes, books and even some money to the poor children and old people in need. It will be a meaningful activity because we will do what we can to help others.
Welcome to join us.
Student Union
May 24
【详解】[总体分析]
①题材：本文是通知；
②时态：主要时态为“一般将来时”；
③提示：写作要点已给出，考生应注意不要遗漏提示内容中“提示信息”的要求均要一一阐述，适当发挥。
[写作步骤]
第一步：表明写作意图。借用“为了帮助一些贫困村的人们，我们要举办一次慈善活动。”来引出重点介绍的内容。
第二步：具体阐述写作内容。依照提示信息的要点——时间、地点、帮助的对象以及捐赠的物品等均要一一阐述。
第三步：书写结语。表达“欢迎加入我们”的邀请。
[亮点词汇]
①In order to为了
②donate things捐赠东西
③a meaningful activity一个有意义的活动
[高分句型]
①In order to help those people in some poor villages, we’re going to hold a charity activity.（In order to的用法）
② It will be a meaningful activity because we will do what we can to help others. (because引导的原因状语从句）
4．（2024·吉林长春·一模）
假设你是学生会主席李华，你代表学生会，用英语通知同学们参加一次敬老院的公益活动。
提示：1. 本周日上午8点在校门口集合，乘公交车前往；
2. 打扫卫生，整理房间，和老人聊天；
3. 给老人带一些亲手做的礼物。
要求：字迹工整，语法正确，信息完整，不少于40词；开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】例文
Fellow students,
We are going to the old people’s home this Sunday. We are going to meet at the school gate at 8: 00 on Sunday morning and then go there by bus. When we get there, we’ll do some cleaning and tidy their rooms first. After that, we will chat with the old to cheer them up. Before we leave, we’ll give some gifts made by ourselves to them.
It’s a good chance to learn to care for the old. We should take an active part in it.
【详解】[总体分析]
①题材：本文是一则通知；
②时态：时态为“一般现在时”和“一般将来时”；
③提示：根据所给信息通知同学们参加一次敬老院的公益活动，适当增加细节。
[写作步骤]
第一步，介绍活动的时间和地点；
第二步，介绍活动的具体内容；
第三步，表达自己对活动的看法。
[亮点词汇]
①at the school gate在校门口
②chat with sb和某人聊天
③take an active part in积极参加
[高分句型]
When we get there, we’ll do some cleaning and tidy their rooms first. (when引导的时间状语从句)
（2023·宁夏固原·模拟预测）
国家提出了将劳动教育(Labor Education)纳入中小学国家课程方案。为此，你所在的学校将要组织全校学生到茹河农场开展为期一周的研学旅行活动。假设你是李华，请根据下面的提示用英语写一则通知告知全校学生。
要点提示：见下面表格
活动地点 茹河农场
活动时间 为期一周，5月29号至6月2日
活动内容 1.帮助打扫卫生、清理农场垃圾；
2.学习喂养动物和如何种菜、植树；
3.帮助农民挤牛奶、采摘水果；
4.喂鸡、骑马、观看小动物。
其它事项 如安全等……
要求：
1.文中不得透露个人姓名和学校名称；
2.紧扣主题及提示，可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3.词数80左右，开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数。
参考词汇：茹河农场 Ruhe Farm; 清理 clear away
Hello, everyone,
May I have your attention, please
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】例文
Hello, everyone,
May I have your attention, please Next week our school will have a journey to Ruhe Farm. The journey will last for a week. On the farm we’re going to do some cleaning and help clear away rubbish first. Then we’ll learn how to plant trees and grow vegetables. During the week, we will have a picnic and help the farmers milk cows and pick fruits such as apples and pears. We will learn to feed the chickens, ride horses and watch animals. For our safety, we mustn’t go swimming in the river. We should keep together. Nobody is allowed to leave the school group. Don’t go alone.
Wish you a happy journey! That’s all! Thank you!
【详解】[总体分析]
①题材：本文是一则通知；
②时态：时态为“一般将来时”；
③提示：写作要点已给出，要求根据表格提示写一则通知告知学校的研学旅行活动，适当添加细节，并突出写作重点。
[写作步骤]
第一步，表明写作意图，介绍要去茹河农场进行研学旅行；
第二步，具体阐述写作内容，介绍活动的时间、内容和其他事项；
第三步，书写结语。
[亮点词汇]
①do some cleaning做一些清洁
②clear away清理
③have a picnic野餐
④such as例如
[高分句型]
①On the farm we’re going to do some cleaning and help clear away rubbish first. （and连接并列结构）
②Nobody is allowed to leave the school group.（被动语态）
（2023·河北石家庄·三模）
假如你叫李华，是班里的班长。本周末你们班将去参加关爱留守儿童的活动，并且你是此次活动的负责人。请根据所给提示和要求，用英语写一篇通知，向同学们介绍一下此次活动的具体安排。
提示：
（1）What are your plans
（2）How do you feel
要求：
（1）通知须包括所有提示内容，可适当发挥。
（2）通知中不得出现真实的地名、校名和人名。
（3）词数80个左右。（开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数）
Attention please!
I’m so excited that we will have an activity to help the left-behind children.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Thanks for your attention!
【答案】例文
Attention please!
I’m so excited that we will have an activity to help the left-behind children. Now let me tell you some plans of this activity.
Firstly, we will give away some books to the kids there. Besides, we are going to play some interesting games, such as playing basketball, drawing and making kites. What’s more, Lily is good at English. She can even teach them some English songs. I can also help them improve their English pronunciation. I’m sure we can help the kids a lot and have a good time with them. So let`s do it together.
Thanks for your attention!
【详解】[总体分析]
① 题材：本文是一篇应用文，为一则通知；
② 时态：时态为“一般现在时”和“一般将来时”；
③ 提示：根据所给提示完成写作，不能遗漏信息，可适当发挥。
[写作步骤]
第一步，开门见山，引出下文；
第二步，具体阐述你的计划；
第三步，最后表达个人感受。
[亮点词汇]
①give away赠送
②such as比如
③what’s more而且
[高分句型]
I’m sure we can help the kids a lot and have a good time with them. （省略that的宾语从句）
（2023·辽宁沈阳·三模）
假定你是学生会主席李华，学校本周六上午九点在图书馆举办一场读书会（a reading club）。请你给在学校学习的英国交换生写一份通知。内容包括：
（1）读书会的目的（谈论中国传统名著）；
（2）具体安排（时间、地点和交流内容）；
（3）注意事项（表示欢迎、按时到达）。
注意：
（1）词数80—100，开头已为你写好，不计入总词数；
（2）短文须包括所给内容信息，可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
（3）在文中不要出现考生和相关人物的真实校名和姓名。
Notice
May I have your attention, please
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Students Union
【答案】例文
Notice
May I have your attention, please Our school will have a reading club at nine am this Saturday in the library. The aim is to talk about traditional Chinese classics. It will allow students to communicate with each other face to face, sharing their own reading experience together. You can also learn more about English reading. Reading is important for us, so I think you can benefit a lot from the reading club.
We sincerely hope that you can come to join us. Please arrive on time. If you have time to take part in it, you can email me at Li Hua@.
Students Union
【详解】[总体分析]
①题材：本文是一篇应用文，为一则通知；
②时态：时态为“一般现在时”和“一般将来时”；
③提示：写作要点已给出，考生应注意不要遗漏，适当增加细节完整表述内容。
[写作步骤]
第一步，介绍活动的时间，地点，目的和活动；
第二步，介绍相关的注意事项。
[亮点词汇]
①talk about谈论
②communicate with与……沟通
③each other彼此
[高分句型]
Reading is important for us, so I think you can benefit a lot from the reading club.（动名词作主语）
（2023·山东济宁·一模）
假定你是光明中学的学生会主席李明，在端午节来临之际，学生会拟组织一次节日文化体验活动—“Make and Taste”端午食粽体验活动。请你代表学生会用英文向学校的外国交换生们发布一则口头通知，通知的要点如下：
(1)活动背景：端午节简介；
(2)活动时间：下周六上午9:00-11:30；活动内容：至少两点；
(3)欢迎大家踊跃参加。
作文要求：
(1)不能照抄原文；不得在作文中出现学校的真实名称和考生的真实姓名。
(2)语句连贯，词数100词左右。作文的标题和开头已经给出，不计入总词数。
参考词汇:Chinese calendar农历 patriotic poet爱国诗人
Notice for Guangming Junior High School Students
Good morning, friends. With the Dragon Boat Festival around the corner, students’ union will hold “Make and Taste” activity to celebrate the Chinese traditional festival.
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【答案】例文
Notice for Guangming Junior High School Students
Good morning, friends. With the Dragon Boat Festival around the corner, students’ union will hold “Make and Taste” activity to celebrate the Chinese traditional festival.
Dragon Boat Festival, which falls on May 5th of the traditional Chinese calendar, is in memory of the patriotic poet Qu Yuan. Along with dragon boat races, eating zongzi is also an important part of the festival, so you will enjoy that during our “Make and Taste” activity.
From 9:00 a.m. to 11:30 a.m. next Saturday, you’ll spend some fun time with us reading the history of eating zongzi as well as learning to make zongzi and tasting this sticky rice dumplings you made.
We expect to have fun with you in the coming Dragon Boat Festival.
【详解】[总体分析]
①题材：本文是一篇应用文；
②时态：采用“一般现在时”和“一般将来时”
③提示：要求包含所有提示要点，适当发挥，且注意通知格式。
[写作步骤]
第一步，介绍端午节；
第二步，介绍活动的时间、地点和内容；
第三步，号召大家踊跃参加。
[亮点词汇]
①fall on适逢
②along with和
③as well as和
[高分句型]
①Along with dragon boat races, eating zongzi is also an important part of the festival, so you will enjoy that during our “Make and Taste” activity.（so引导状语从句）
②From 9:00 a.m. to 11:30 a.m. next Saturday, you’ll spend some fun time with us reading the history of eating zongzi as well as learning to make zongzi and tasting this sticky rice dumplings you made.（spend sth doing sth花费时间做某事）
（2023·广东深圳·一模）
为丰富校园生活，学校的英语俱乐部决定举办以“最美深圳”(Amazing Shenzhen) 为主题的英文绘本大赛。请你根据以下提示，写一则活动通知。
要点：
1. 参赛对象：全校学生
2. 提交时间：下周五上午12:00前
3. 绘本内容：选择深圳这座城市的任一方面，如发展历程、景点、文化、志愿服务等。
4. 参赛要求：①绘本必须原创；②……（至少补充一点）
参考词汇：内容content；原创的original
要求：
1. 词数80左右（开头已经给出，不计入总词数）；
2. 要点齐全，可适当发挥；
3. 条理清楚，语句通顺，意义连贯，书写规范；
4. 文中不得出现真实姓名和校名。
Notice
In order to enrich students’ campus life, the school English club decides to hold an English picture book competition with the theme “Amazing Shenzhen”.
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English Club
【答案】One possible version:
Notice
In order to enrich students’ campus life, the school English club decides to hold an English picture book competition with the theme “Amazing Shenzhen”. The following is something you should pay attention to.
All the students can take part in the competition. Your works should be handed in before 12:00 am next Friday. You can finish your English picture books from any aspect of Shenzhen, such as its development history, scenic spots, culture, volunteer services and so on. Remember that your works must be original and the contents should be positive.
We hope all of you can take part in the competition.
English Club
【详解】[总体分析]
①题材：本文是一篇通知，介绍英文绘本大赛。
②时态：时态为“一般现在时”。
③提示：题目要求根据提示写一则通知，内容为举办以“最美深圳”(Amazing Shenzhen) 为主题的英文绘本大赛。写作时注意适当增加细节，补充要点，同时不要遗漏所给要点。
[写作步骤]
第一步，先简单介绍活动内容。（开头已给出）
第二步，根据所给要点，依次介绍活动的具体内容以及要求。
第三步，最后号召大家积极参加。
[亮点词汇]
①pay attention to注意
②take part in参加
③hand in上交
[高分句型]
①Your works should be handed in before 12:00 am next Friday.（含情态动词的被动语态）
②Remember that your works must be original and the contents should be positive.（肯定祈使句）
（2023·湖北十堰·一模）
为提高青少年创造能力，积极参与社会实践，学校社团打算举行一次将劳动教育与环保教育相结合的活动——“手绘环保袋（A DIY picture on the bag）”活动。假如你是该学校社团团长，请将这次活动的相关事项通知大家。
内容提示：
时间：本周六下午2:00-6:00；
活动地点：学校体育馆；
活动内容：
在环保袋上绘制精美图画，然后到学校门口发放环保袋，并合影留念；
目的：提高创造能力、增强环境保护意识；
其他：欢迎邀请家人和朋友一起参加。
参考词汇：the environment-friendly bag(环保袋) hand out(分发) awareness(n.意识)
写作要求：
1.语言表达准确，短文连贯、通畅；
2.短文必须包括内容提示，可适当发挥，所给内容提示可变通表达；
3.词数80-100，开头已给出不计入总词数。
Boys and girls, may I have your attention, please
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Thank you for your attention!
【答案】例文：
Boys and girls, may I have your attention, please Our school is going to hold an environmental activity—A DIY picture on the bag. Let me tell you something about it.
The activity will be held at 2pm-6pm on this Saturday at school gym. Every student is encouraged to draw beautiful pictures on the environment-friendly bags. You can draw something you like or something related to the theme. Then we can hand out these bags with pictures at the school gate. Finally, we will take a photo together.
It is obvious that we aim at improving creativity and awareness of environmental protection. You can also invite your family and friends to join in.
Thank you for your attention!
【详解】[总体分析]
①题材：本文是一篇材料作文，是一篇通知；
②时态：一般将来时和一般现在时；
③提示：考生应注意不要遗漏所给要点，使用正确的词汇和句型，注意表述的逻辑和行文的连贯。
[写作步骤]
第一步，表明写作意图，说明有相关的环保主题活动，需要告知相关内容；
第二步，按照内容提示，介绍活动的时间地点和内容，注意表述的时态会有变化，也可使用被动语态进行表述，可适当补充发挥；
第三步，阐述活动的目的并说明其他内容，最后结尾总结。
[亮点词汇]
①encourage to do sth鼓励做某事
②related to与……相关
③aim at旨在
④awareness of environmental protection环保意识
[高分句型]
①The activity will be held at 2pm-6pm on this Saturday at school gym.（一般将来时的被动语态）
②It is obvious that we aim at improving creativity and awareness of environmental protection.（it作形式主语）
（2023·广东深圳·一模）
深圳正成为一座体育之城，健身文化浓厚。为增强学生们的锻炼意识，你所在的学校将举行“奥运冠军进校园”（Olympic Champions Entering Campus）活动。假定你是校英文报的编辑李华，请你代表校学生会写一则通知发布在校英文报上，预告此次活动。
要点：
1.时间地点：下周五下午，学校田径场；
2.活动内容：①冠军成长故事分享；②冠军体育课；
3.注意事项：①穿运动装；②……
提示词：
track-and-field ground田径场 sportswear运动装
要求：
1.80词左右，开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数内；
2.文中不得出现考生的真实姓名和校名；
3.可适当增加细节，以使条理清楚、行文连贯；
4.标点正确，书面整洁。
Notice
Shenzhen is becoming a sports city with a strong fitness culture. To enhance the students’ awareness of exercise, our school plans to
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The Students’ Union
【答案】例文
Notice
Shenzhen is becoming a sports city with a strong fitness culture. To enhance the students’ awareness of exercise, our school plans to organize an activity, Olympic Champions Entering Campus. Here are some details.
The activity is scheduled to be held next Friday afternoon on our school track-and-field ground, where three excellent athletes will share their inspiring growth stories, giving students some useful suggestions on how to deal with stress from daily life and study. What will be the most impressive and exciting part is the P. E lessons specially designed by the champions, which is a perfect opportunity for us students to have a close interaction with them.
For convenience and comfort, please make sure to wear sportswear. Besides, it is highly expected that we all interact with the champions actively to show our warmest welcome and respect.
The Students’ Union
【详解】[总体分析]
①题材：本文是一篇材料作文，是一篇通知；
②时态：一般现在时；
③提示：写作要点提示已经给出，考生应注意不要遗漏，同时注意适当补充和发挥注意事项，使用正确的词汇和句型，注意语法正确。
[写作步骤]
第一步，表明写作意图，以“这是一些细节”来引出后文；
第二步，具体介绍活动的时间和地点，并介绍活动内容，注意行文的连贯和逻辑性；
第三步，介绍并补充注意事项。
[亮点词汇]
①deal with处理
②a perfect opportunity一个完美的机会
[高分句型]
The activity is scheduled to be held next Friday afternoon on our school track-and-field ground.（被动语态）
真题练习
1．（2024·宁夏·中考真题）下周三，你校将举办运动会。假如你是校学生会主席，请你代表学生会在校宣传栏英语专栏上用英语给全校学生写一则通知。
内容包括：
1. 时间：下周三上午八点开始，周五下午五点结束；
2. 地点：学校操场；
3. 活动要求：
（1）准时到达操场；
（2）穿运动鞋；
（3）做一些志愿工作；
……（至少再补充两项活动要求）
写作要求：
1. 通知内容必须包括所有要点，可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
2. 文中不得出现真实的人名、校名和地名；
3. 词数80左右（开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数）。
参考词汇：volunteer work 志愿工作 Students’ Union 学生会
Notice
Dear students,
We are excited to tell you that our school will hold a sports meeting.
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We hope all of you have fun.
Students’ Union
【答案】例文
NoticeDear students,
We are excited to tell you that our school will hold a sports meeting. It will begin at 8:00 am next Wednesday and end at 5:00 pm next Friday. It will be held on our playground. The followings are what you should pay attention to.
First, you must get to the playground on time. Don’t be late. Second, you should wear comfortable clothes and sports shoes. Third, you need to do some volunteer work, such as cleaning the playground, giving some water to the runners. Fourth, you mustn’t move around when the sports meeting begins. Last but not least, you can bring some snacks or drinks.
We hope all of you have fun.
Students’ Union
【详解】[总体分析]
①题材：本文是一则通知；
②时态：时态为“一般现在时和一般将来时”；
③提示：写作要点已给出，考生应注意不要遗漏，适当增加细节完整表述内容。
[写作步骤]
第一步，介绍运动会开始的时间和地点；
第二步，介绍运动会的注意事项。
[亮点词汇]
①pay attention to注意
②on time按时
③such as例如
[高分句型]
①It will be held on our playground.（一般将来时被动语态）
②Fourth, you mustn’t move around when the sports meeting begins.（when引导时间状语从句）
2．（2022·吉林长春·中考真题）本周日，同学们将去民俗博物馆（the Folklore Museum）参观。假如你是学生会主席，请根据下面要点和要求，用英文向你校国际交换生发布一则不少于40词的通知。
要点：1.早8:00在学校集合；
2.带笔和笔记本；
3.馆内有英文导游；
4.做好记录，为参观后的讨论做准备。
要求：要点齐全；表述通顺；简洁得体。
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【答案】例文
Dear students,
This Sunday we will go to the Folklore Museum. We will meet at 8:00 am at the school gate. Please don’t be late. You had better bring a pen and a notebook. There are some English guides in the museum. If you have any question, you can ask her for help. You should take notes carefully, and get ready for further discussion.
Hope you will have a good time.
Student Union
【详解】1.题干解读：本文是一则通知。介绍去民俗博物馆的注意事项。
2.写作指导：本文采用一般将来时，人称以第一人称和第二人称为主。分为两段式：第一段介绍集合的时间，地点以及需要带的物品；最后一段表达祝愿。写作时保持主谓一致性，做到无语法和标点错误。