Unit 3 The world of science Grammar 课件（共28张）2024-2025学年高一英语外研版（2019）必修3
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| 名称 | Unit 3 The world of science Grammar 课件（共28张）2024-2025学年高一英语外研版（2019）必修3 |  | |
| 格式 | pptx | ||
| 文件大小 | 1.7MB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 外研版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2025-05-02 17:11:48 | ||
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(共28张PPT)
Unit 3 The World of Science
Grammar
1. Identify and summarize the forms and functions of present perfect passive through observation.
2. Apply it correctly in different contexts and situations.
Learning objectives
She has finished her homework.
Someone has broken the window.
Activity 1 Describe the pictures with Present perfect tense.
表示说话时已经完成的动作，而且这个动作的结果对现在仍有影响
He has taught in our school for 30 years.
表示动作发生在过去，但一直持续到现在，并且有可能继续持续下去
The enemy has killed you.
You have been killed by the enemy.
Activity 2 Compare the sentences and find out the difference
被动
1.I guess you have been asked about the title of your book before.
2. I guess someone has asked you about the title of your book before.
3.New inventions like 3D printers have been used to make replacement hearts and bone parts.
4. People have used new inventions like 3D printers to make replacement hearts and bone parts.
找出下面句子的谓语结构，哪些是主动？哪些是被动？
被动
主动
主动
The New Age of Invention has just been published.
2. In addition, important advances have been made in medicine and environmental science thanks to increasing computer power.
3. I’ve also been told that you’re an inventor yourself.
4. Nothing like this has been invented yet and I’d say……
Look for more sentences with the present perfect passive.
现在完成时及其被动语态
构成：
现在完成时的主动语态：have/has (not)＋done
现在完成时的被动语态：have/has (not) ＋ been + done
现在完成时的一般疑问句形式：Has/Have＋主语＋been done
现在完成时的特殊疑问句形式：
特殊疑问词＋has/have＋主语＋been done
Our classroom has been cleaned. You needn't clean it now.
我们的教室已经被打扫过，你现在没必要再打扫了。
These flowers have been watered. You can go home.
这些花已经被浇水了，你可以回家了。
英语中谓语动词的时态的含义
时,即每种时态所涉及的动作行为所对应一个时间段,学习时态一定要先弄明白每种时态所在语境中对应的时间. 这是句意理解的问题
态,即每种时态所涉及的动作行为进行到什么地步，而语态指的是主动还是被动。
使用谓语动词的各种时态时务必记得从这2方面做好分析，不要遗漏。
现在完成时是以过去为时间起点，该动作行为是过去时间发生的，但是说话人着眼于现在的结果，而不是过去。
从本质上来说，现在完成时是属于现在时间段的时态。
1. 基本用法:
1) 影响性用法:表示一个动作发生在过去, 已经完成, 且对现在造成影响或结果。
e.g.
①He has left the city.（结果:他不在这个城市）
②Someone has broken the window.（结果: 窗户仍破着）
2) 持续性用法:表示一个动作从过去持续到现在, 且可能继续持续下去或可能到此结束。
e.g.
① We have been busy this afternoon.
② His first novel has received good reviews since it came out last month.
他的第一本小说自从上个月出版以来就很受欢迎。
2. 用现在完成时的典型场合:
1) “since＋过去时间”或“since接从句（从句中用一般过去时）”则句中用现在完成时。
e.g.
①I haven’t seen her since last week.
②Where have you been since I last saw you
2) 句中有so far, to date, in （for/during）the past （last）years（months… ）, up to now, until now。
e.g. ①So far there has been no news.
3) “It/This/That is the first （second/third…）time＋that从句”句式中的that 从句中，
或 “It/This/That is the only…＋that从句” 句式中的that 从句中，
或 “It/This/That is the ＋最高级… ＋ that从句” 句式中的that 从句中。
e.g.
①It/This/That is the first time that I have come to Zhejiang.
②It/This/That is the only party that I have ever really enjoyed in my life.
③It/This/That is the most interesting book that I have ever read.
（注:以上句型把is改为was, 则从句时态相应改为过去完成时态）
4) 用于时间、条件状语从句中，表示将来要完成的动作或一个动作先于另一个动作。(用来代替将来完成时)
e.g.
—When shall we restart our business
什么时候我们重新开始我们的事业？
—Not until we have finished our plan.
直到我们已完成我们的计划。
3. 现在完成时与一般过去时态的区别:
1) 现在完成时强调对现在的影响或结果, 而一般过去时态强调这一个动作发生的时间是过去, 单纯谈过去，不与现在时间有牵连。
e.g.
①I’ve lived here for ten years. （现在仍住在这儿 ）
② I lived here for ten years. (过去住过这里，但现在住否不知 )
③He has bought a house. （现在已拥有这房子）
④ He bought a house. （现在拥不拥有这房子不知道,只是知道 过去买了房子）
2）一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，
一般过去时的时间状语：yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980,
in October, just now等，皆为具体的过去时间状语。
而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语，绝不可以和具体过去时间状语连用。
现在完成时的时间状语：for +段时间, since短语或从句, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until now, up to now, in the past ten years, 等，皆是不确定的时间状语。
共同的时间状语：this morning, tonight, this April, now, already, recently, lately 等
Rewrite the underlined parts using the present perfect passive.
Within the next 80 years, our lives may be changed beyond recognition by 3D printing. It has already affected many things in our lives,
right down to the food we eat. For instance, some restaurants in London have served 3D-printed hamburgers to customers.
Many things in our lives have already been affected,
have been served to customers in some restaurants in London.
Practice
3D-printed hamburgers
But perhaps the most significant success that people have achieved to date is in medicine. They have made human body parts, including a beating heart, with 3D printing technology. And it is not just humans who are benefiting- in Brazil, people have given a new 3D-printed shell to a turtle injured in a forest fire!
But perhaps the most significant success that has been achieved to
been made with 3D printing technology.
A new 3D-printed shell has been given
date is in medicine.
Human body parts, including a beating heart, have
to a turtle injured in a forest fire!
Imagine you are Dr Moore. Look at the pictures and tell the police about the damage and loss to your lab. Use the present perfect passive where appropriate.
1. The lock on the door has been broken.
2. The window has been broken.
3. My two laptops have been stolen.
4. Beakers and test tubes have been destroyed.
5. The book case has been opened, and some
files have been taken away while others
have been thrown everywhere.
6. The robot has been damaged.
高考链接
(2017全国卷Ⅲ) Sarah ______________________ (tell) that she could be Britain's new supermodel, earning a million dollars in the next year.
(2019江苏完型填空) Wildlife ___________________________(threaten)in the modern age.
在现代, 野生动植物受到极大程度的威胁。
(2019全国Ⅰ卷语法填空) It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range__________________________. (study)
由于大部分有关北极熊生活范围的研究还很少, 所以很难统计出全球北极熊的数量。
(2019全国Ⅱ卷语法填空)A 90-year-old __________________(award) “Woman Of The Year” for being Britain's oldest full-time employee-still working 40 hours a week.
一位90岁老人因为是英国最年长的全职雇员而被评为“年度女性”。她仍然一周工作40个小时。
has been told/ was told
has been greatly threatened
has been poorly studied
has been awarded
（2022年浙江卷1月）On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example, roughly 200 academics — many of the climate scientists ____________ (promise) to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago.
答案：have promised 句意：例如，在一个名为“无蝇气候科学”的网站上，大约200名学者——其中许多气候科学家——承诺自两年前开始这项工作以来，尽可能少地飞行。根据时间状语“since the effort started two years ago”可知，主句应使用现在完成时，主语“many of them climate scientists”是复数，因此空格处是have promised。故填have promised。
（2022年浙江卷1月）Travelling to conferences, lectures, workshops, and the like frequently by plane ________(view) as important for scientists to get together and exchange information.
答案：is viewed/has been viewed 句意：经常乘飞机去参加会议、演讲、研讨会等，被认为是科学家们聚在一起交流信息的重要方式。描述人们普遍认知的事情用一般现在时，此处也可以表示强调人们从过去到现在的认知，用现在完成时。动名词作主语与谓语之间存在被动关系，故可以用一般现在时的被动语态或现在完成时的被动语态，且动名词作主语，谓语用单数。故填is viewed/has been viewed。
（2021年浙江卷6月）It doesn't impress like George Washington's plantation on the Pohomac, but Lincoln's home in downtown Springfield, Illinois, ________ (prove) irresistible to visitors since it opened to the publie.
答案：has proved/has proven 句意：它不像乔治·华盛顿在波霍马克河上的种植园那样令人印象深刻，但林肯在伊利诺伊州斯普林菲尔德市中心的家，自从向公众开放以来，就被证明是游客无法抗拒的。根据句型分析，此空应填谓语动词，且prove为系动词，没有被动结构形式，再结合句中since一词，可以判断句子的谓语应该用现在完成时。故填has proved或has proven。
(2020·江苏高考)Instead of getting down to a new task as I ________ (expect), he examined the previous work again.
答案：had expected 句意：他没有像我所期望的那样着手做新工作，而是又检查了一遍以前的工作。此处描述的动作发生在examined之前，属于“过去的过去”，应用过去完成时。
(2018·江苏高考)I was sent to the village last month to see how the development plan ________ (carry) out in the past two years.
答案：had been carried 句意：上个月我被派到村里去看看在过去的两年里发展计划是如何被执行的。根据句中时间状语“last month”和“in the past two years”可知用过去完成时，又因plan与carry out之间为被动关系，故用被动语态。
(2018·北京高考)China's high speed railways _______ (grow) from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometers in the past few years.
答案：have grown 句意：在过去的几年里，中国高铁的里程已经从9,000公里上升到25,000公里了。根据时间状语“in the past few years”可知，本句使用现在完成时。
(2018·北京高考)A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who ________ (trap) in the mountains for two days.
答案：had been trapped 句意：一个救援者冒着生命危险拯救了两个已经被困在大山里两天的游客。主句的谓语risked是一般过去时，trap “困”应该是发生在risked之前的动作，故使用过去完成时；同时这些游客是被困在大山里，故使用被动语态。
(2019·高考全国卷Ⅰ) In recent years some Inuit people in Nunayut ________________ (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements.
(2019·高考全国卷II ) I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I _______________(make) over the years.
(2018·高考全国卷I ) Since 2011, the country __________(grow) more corn than rice.
(2020·天津高考)—You are a great swimmer.
—Thanks. It‘s because I ______________________ (practise) a lot these days.
have reported
have made
has grown
have been practising
Unit 3 The World of Science
Grammar
1. Identify and summarize the forms and functions of present perfect passive through observation.
2. Apply it correctly in different contexts and situations.
Learning objectives
She has finished her homework.
Someone has broken the window.
Activity 1 Describe the pictures with Present perfect tense.
表示说话时已经完成的动作，而且这个动作的结果对现在仍有影响
He has taught in our school for 30 years.
表示动作发生在过去，但一直持续到现在，并且有可能继续持续下去
The enemy has killed you.
You have been killed by the enemy.
Activity 2 Compare the sentences and find out the difference
被动
1.I guess you have been asked about the title of your book before.
2. I guess someone has asked you about the title of your book before.
3.New inventions like 3D printers have been used to make replacement hearts and bone parts.
4. People have used new inventions like 3D printers to make replacement hearts and bone parts.
找出下面句子的谓语结构，哪些是主动？哪些是被动？
被动
主动
主动
The New Age of Invention has just been published.
2. In addition, important advances have been made in medicine and environmental science thanks to increasing computer power.
3. I’ve also been told that you’re an inventor yourself.
4. Nothing like this has been invented yet and I’d say……
Look for more sentences with the present perfect passive.
现在完成时及其被动语态
构成：
现在完成时的主动语态：have/has (not)＋done
现在完成时的被动语态：have/has (not) ＋ been + done
现在完成时的一般疑问句形式：Has/Have＋主语＋been done
现在完成时的特殊疑问句形式：
特殊疑问词＋has/have＋主语＋been done
Our classroom has been cleaned. You needn't clean it now.
我们的教室已经被打扫过，你现在没必要再打扫了。
These flowers have been watered. You can go home.
这些花已经被浇水了，你可以回家了。
英语中谓语动词的时态的含义
时,即每种时态所涉及的动作行为所对应一个时间段,学习时态一定要先弄明白每种时态所在语境中对应的时间. 这是句意理解的问题
态,即每种时态所涉及的动作行为进行到什么地步，而语态指的是主动还是被动。
使用谓语动词的各种时态时务必记得从这2方面做好分析，不要遗漏。
现在完成时是以过去为时间起点，该动作行为是过去时间发生的，但是说话人着眼于现在的结果，而不是过去。
从本质上来说，现在完成时是属于现在时间段的时态。
1. 基本用法:
1) 影响性用法:表示一个动作发生在过去, 已经完成, 且对现在造成影响或结果。
e.g.
①He has left the city.（结果:他不在这个城市）
②Someone has broken the window.（结果: 窗户仍破着）
2) 持续性用法:表示一个动作从过去持续到现在, 且可能继续持续下去或可能到此结束。
e.g.
① We have been busy this afternoon.
② His first novel has received good reviews since it came out last month.
他的第一本小说自从上个月出版以来就很受欢迎。
2. 用现在完成时的典型场合:
1) “since＋过去时间”或“since接从句（从句中用一般过去时）”则句中用现在完成时。
e.g.
①I haven’t seen her since last week.
②Where have you been since I last saw you
2) 句中有so far, to date, in （for/during）the past （last）years（months… ）, up to now, until now。
e.g. ①So far there has been no news.
3) “It/This/That is the first （second/third…）time＋that从句”句式中的that 从句中，
或 “It/This/That is the only…＋that从句” 句式中的that 从句中，
或 “It/This/That is the ＋最高级… ＋ that从句” 句式中的that 从句中。
e.g.
①It/This/That is the first time that I have come to Zhejiang.
②It/This/That is the only party that I have ever really enjoyed in my life.
③It/This/That is the most interesting book that I have ever read.
（注:以上句型把is改为was, 则从句时态相应改为过去完成时态）
4) 用于时间、条件状语从句中，表示将来要完成的动作或一个动作先于另一个动作。(用来代替将来完成时)
e.g.
—When shall we restart our business
什么时候我们重新开始我们的事业？
—Not until we have finished our plan.
直到我们已完成我们的计划。
3. 现在完成时与一般过去时态的区别:
1) 现在完成时强调对现在的影响或结果, 而一般过去时态强调这一个动作发生的时间是过去, 单纯谈过去，不与现在时间有牵连。
e.g.
①I’ve lived here for ten years. （现在仍住在这儿 ）
② I lived here for ten years. (过去住过这里，但现在住否不知 )
③He has bought a house. （现在已拥有这房子）
④ He bought a house. （现在拥不拥有这房子不知道,只是知道 过去买了房子）
2）一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，
一般过去时的时间状语：yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980,
in October, just now等，皆为具体的过去时间状语。
而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语，绝不可以和具体过去时间状语连用。
现在完成时的时间状语：for +段时间, since短语或从句, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until now, up to now, in the past ten years, 等，皆是不确定的时间状语。
共同的时间状语：this morning, tonight, this April, now, already, recently, lately 等
Rewrite the underlined parts using the present perfect passive.
Within the next 80 years, our lives may be changed beyond recognition by 3D printing. It has already affected many things in our lives,
right down to the food we eat. For instance, some restaurants in London have served 3D-printed hamburgers to customers.
Many things in our lives have already been affected,
have been served to customers in some restaurants in London.
Practice
3D-printed hamburgers
But perhaps the most significant success that people have achieved to date is in medicine. They have made human body parts, including a beating heart, with 3D printing technology. And it is not just humans who are benefiting- in Brazil, people have given a new 3D-printed shell to a turtle injured in a forest fire!
But perhaps the most significant success that has been achieved to
been made with 3D printing technology.
A new 3D-printed shell has been given
date is in medicine.
Human body parts, including a beating heart, have
to a turtle injured in a forest fire!
Imagine you are Dr Moore. Look at the pictures and tell the police about the damage and loss to your lab. Use the present perfect passive where appropriate.
1. The lock on the door has been broken.
2. The window has been broken.
3. My two laptops have been stolen.
4. Beakers and test tubes have been destroyed.
5. The book case has been opened, and some
files have been taken away while others
have been thrown everywhere.
6. The robot has been damaged.
高考链接
(2017全国卷Ⅲ) Sarah ______________________ (tell) that she could be Britain's new supermodel, earning a million dollars in the next year.
(2019江苏完型填空) Wildlife ___________________________(threaten)in the modern age.
在现代, 野生动植物受到极大程度的威胁。
(2019全国Ⅰ卷语法填空) It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range__________________________. (study)
由于大部分有关北极熊生活范围的研究还很少, 所以很难统计出全球北极熊的数量。
(2019全国Ⅱ卷语法填空)A 90-year-old __________________(award) “Woman Of The Year” for being Britain's oldest full-time employee-still working 40 hours a week.
一位90岁老人因为是英国最年长的全职雇员而被评为“年度女性”。她仍然一周工作40个小时。
has been told/ was told
has been greatly threatened
has been poorly studied
has been awarded
（2022年浙江卷1月）On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example, roughly 200 academics — many of the climate scientists ____________ (promise) to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago.
答案：have promised 句意：例如，在一个名为“无蝇气候科学”的网站上，大约200名学者——其中许多气候科学家——承诺自两年前开始这项工作以来，尽可能少地飞行。根据时间状语“since the effort started two years ago”可知，主句应使用现在完成时，主语“many of them climate scientists”是复数，因此空格处是have promised。故填have promised。
（2022年浙江卷1月）Travelling to conferences, lectures, workshops, and the like frequently by plane ________(view) as important for scientists to get together and exchange information.
答案：is viewed/has been viewed 句意：经常乘飞机去参加会议、演讲、研讨会等，被认为是科学家们聚在一起交流信息的重要方式。描述人们普遍认知的事情用一般现在时，此处也可以表示强调人们从过去到现在的认知，用现在完成时。动名词作主语与谓语之间存在被动关系，故可以用一般现在时的被动语态或现在完成时的被动语态，且动名词作主语，谓语用单数。故填is viewed/has been viewed。
（2021年浙江卷6月）It doesn't impress like George Washington's plantation on the Pohomac, but Lincoln's home in downtown Springfield, Illinois, ________ (prove) irresistible to visitors since it opened to the publie.
答案：has proved/has proven 句意：它不像乔治·华盛顿在波霍马克河上的种植园那样令人印象深刻，但林肯在伊利诺伊州斯普林菲尔德市中心的家，自从向公众开放以来，就被证明是游客无法抗拒的。根据句型分析，此空应填谓语动词，且prove为系动词，没有被动结构形式，再结合句中since一词，可以判断句子的谓语应该用现在完成时。故填has proved或has proven。
(2020·江苏高考)Instead of getting down to a new task as I ________ (expect), he examined the previous work again.
答案：had expected 句意：他没有像我所期望的那样着手做新工作，而是又检查了一遍以前的工作。此处描述的动作发生在examined之前，属于“过去的过去”，应用过去完成时。
(2018·江苏高考)I was sent to the village last month to see how the development plan ________ (carry) out in the past two years.
答案：had been carried 句意：上个月我被派到村里去看看在过去的两年里发展计划是如何被执行的。根据句中时间状语“last month”和“in the past two years”可知用过去完成时，又因plan与carry out之间为被动关系，故用被动语态。
(2018·北京高考)China's high speed railways _______ (grow) from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometers in the past few years.
答案：have grown 句意：在过去的几年里，中国高铁的里程已经从9,000公里上升到25,000公里了。根据时间状语“in the past few years”可知，本句使用现在完成时。
(2018·北京高考)A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who ________ (trap) in the mountains for two days.
答案：had been trapped 句意：一个救援者冒着生命危险拯救了两个已经被困在大山里两天的游客。主句的谓语risked是一般过去时，trap “困”应该是发生在risked之前的动作，故使用过去完成时；同时这些游客是被困在大山里，故使用被动语态。
(2019·高考全国卷Ⅰ) In recent years some Inuit people in Nunayut ________________ (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements.
(2019·高考全国卷II ) I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I _______________(make) over the years.
(2018·高考全国卷I ) Since 2011, the country __________(grow) more corn than rice.
(2020·天津高考)—You are a great swimmer.
—Thanks. It‘s because I ______________________ (practise) a lot these days.
have reported
have made
has grown
have been practising