Unit 3 The world of science Developing ideas Reading 课件（共55张，内嵌视频）2024-2025学年高一英语外研版（2019）必修3

(共55张PPT)
Developing ideas — reading
Unit 3 The world of science
With the courage of catching lightening from sky,he recaptured power from dictator.
他从天空抓到了雷电,从专制统治者手中夺回了权力。
Who is he
Guess who he is
Learning objectives
1. To summarize the genre and the structure of the text.
2. To analyse the passage and find detailed information.
3. To distinguish a fiction from a fact and nurture the spirit of critical thinking.
Prediction
Read the title and predict what the author talks about.
An essay title often contains an explicit (清楚明确的) or implicit (含蓄的) question which your essay should focus on answering. For example, the title “Franklin’s Experiment: How Much Is True ” makes it clear what question is being answered within the essay.
So if there is a title, we’d better read it first to get to know the main idea of the passage.
标题（title）是文章的眼睛。好的标题短小精悍，简洁凝练，是文章内容和思想的高度概括。我们可以通过研读标题，对文章体裁、内容、作者态度和观点等作出预测。
1. 预测文章体裁
该标题分为两部分：“FRANKLIN'S EXPERIMENT:”说明了本文要论述的对象是富兰克林的实验，而“How Much Is True ”说明本文会阐述该实验的可信度。因此，我们可以预测本文是论说类文体，其中心论点是“验证富兰克林的实验是否真实”。
利用文章标题预测文本信息
2. 预测主要内容
从关键词“FRANKLIN'S EXPERIMENT, True”以及疑问形式，我们可以联系自己对富兰克林实验的了解，预测文章主要对其真实性质疑，并围绕这一中心论点对其进行论证。
3. 预测作者的态度和观点
从标题中的问号，我们可以预测作者对此实验的真实性持否定态度，并将对自己的怀疑进行论证说明。
Read the passage and find out what Franklin’s experiment aimed to prove.
Franklin’s experiment aimed to prove that lightning was a form of electricity.
Fact
Fiction
VS
Listen and answer:
The new research suggest the story is a__________
Read for structure
Para 2
Para 3
Para 4
Para 6
Para 1
Para 5
The author’s view
The story of the experiment
The general public’s view on the story
Scientists’ view on the story
Scientists’ view on such stories
The author’s conclusion
Franklin’s spirit of scientific exploration is still considered an inspiration.
People are amazed at and inspired by Franklin’s experiment.
Scientists question what really happened in Franklin’s experiment.
Number the statements to show how people’s attitudes towards Franklin’s experiment have changed.
2
1
3
Read for details
Task
1
More about Ben Franklin and his Kite
Para. 2 The story of Franklin’s experiment
Aim
Materials
Procedure
Result
Conclusion
To find out __________________________________
a kite, a string, a metal key
1. ___ a string __ a kite and ______ a metal key __ the string;
2. ___ the kite during ________;
3. _____ the key with _________.
A flash of lightning hits the kite and electricity is conducted through the string to the key. He gets an electric shock.
The lightning was a form of electricity.
whether lightning is a form of electricity
Tie
to
attach
to
Fly
a storm
Touch
the finger
Task
2
Read for details
The real experiment
In the speaker’s opinion, what is the real experiment
Loose threads on the kite string started to stand on end (竖起来).
He then touched his knuckle（指关节） to the key and received the electric shock.
The kite was conducting（传导）
electricity.
Para. 6 Admittedly, fiction is more interesting than the truth. But in science, facts should be proved by experiments and research.
What is the author’s attitude towards such fictional stories
A. Negative B. Positive C. Neutral D. Not mentioned
Critical thinking
1. Do you think it matters that Franklin’s experiment might not be true Why
Think Share
2. What qualities do you think a great scientist should have
As a great scientist, he or she should have more than one good quality, such as being smart, objective, persistent, curious, hard-working, energetic, confident, brave, imaginative, devoted and so on.
Think Share
3. In what ways do scientists contribute to society
Firstly, scientific discoveries promote the development of our society.
Secondly, the contributions of scientists in medicine extend our life span.
Thirdly, scientists have invented a lot of surprising tools that fundamentally improve our living standards.
Think Share
Group Work
Explain your understanding of the saying “Seeing is believing”, and then give a talk about it. You may use information in the passage as examples.
Make notes about your understanding of the
saying and list supporting details.
2. Organise your talk following the steps below.
Start your talk by explaining how you understand
this saying.
Explain why you think this way. Use the notes you
have made to support your ideas.
End your talk by summarising your points.
3. Give your talk to the class.
Reference Text
We shouldn’t believe what we don’t see.
The 4th paragraph of the passage.
It’s easy to read, but it’s hard to think, but without one, it's useless.
——Benjamin Franklin
Personally, we can not be content with what we see or hear.
As the old saying goes, “Practice is the sole criterion for testing truth.”
Choose another world famous scientist and figure out what he/she is famous for. Write down your results and the reason(s) why you choose him/her.
Homework
1. Apart from being a successful statesman, he was also well known as a leading American author…
他除了是一位成功的政治家外，还是一位杰出的美国作家……
apart from: except for 除……以外
as well as 除……以外（还）; 此外
eg We didn't see anyone all day, apart from a couple of kids on the beach.
Apart from his earnings as a football coach, he also owns and runs a chain of sports shops.
apart from, in addition to/ besides与except
易混词(组) 用法 例句
apart from “除了……(还)”，当指“包括在内”时相当于besides，当指“不包括在内”时相当于except (for) Apart from the ending, it’s really a good film.
in addition to/ besides “除了……之外”，强调除这些之外还包括其他 She understands French besides/ in addition to English.
except “除……之外”，指从整体中除去一部分，除去的部分要排除在外，其后可接that/ when引导的从句 He gets up early every day except Sunday.
【语境应用】选词填空。
1) Some people choose jobs for money, while other people choose jobs for reasons _____________ (besides/ except) money these days.
2) The sun is shining bright, and the wind feels soft. Everything is perfect ______________ (apart from/ besides) the traffic jam.
3) _____________________________ (apart from/besides/in addition to) Li Hua, eight students are going to take part in the sports meeting to be held this Friday.
besides
apart from
Apart from/Besides/In addition to
2. However, new research suggests that the story may be fiction instead of fact.
然而，新的研究表明，这个故事可能是虚构的，不是事实。
instead of: in place of；rather than 而不是，代替
后接名词、代词或动名词形式作宾语。
eg Can we recycle the paper instead of dumping it
Let's play cards instead of watching television.
instead of与instead
易混词(组) 用法 例句
instead of 介词短语，后面一般接名词(短语)、代词、动名词(短语)作宾语 Instead of being annoyed, he seemed quite pleased.
instead 副词，单独使用 Mr Wang is ill. Mr Li will take his place instead.
【语境应用】选词填空：instead与instead of
1) He decided that he would drive all the way home ____________ putting up at a hotel for the night.
2) Jack didn’t have noodles for lunch. ___________, he had rice and fish.
instead of
Instead
3. The well-known story is that the American Founding Father and scientist flew a kite during a storm in 1752.
这一广为人知的故事讲述了这位美国开国元勋和科学家在1752年的一场暴风雨中放风筝的经历。
that 引导的表语从句，that只起引导作用，在从句中不做成分。
fly a kite 放风筝
4. He raised the kite with a piece of string tied to it.
他在风筝上面系了一根绳子，把风筝放上天。
with a piece of string tied to it是”with+宾语+宾语补足语”的复合结构，该结构作定语，修饰the kite，动词过去分词短语tied to it作宾语补足语。
本句中 “with+ 宾语+宾语补足语”的复合结构作定语，宾语补足语可以是名词、形容词、介词短语、副词、动词-ing形式（表主动进行）、动词-ed形式（表被动完成）、动词不定式（表将来）等。这种结构常在句中常用作状语，表示伴随情况或行为方式等。
eg The man with his arms crossed on his chest is the headmaster of our school.
Our teacher came in with a book in his hand.
With a boy leading the way, they started towards the village.
I have to go to bed with nothing to do.
The city lies in a valley with high mountains around it.
【语境应用】单句语法填空。
1) I lived in the house with its door ________ (face) to the south.
2) Lisa was punished by her mother because she went out to play without her homework ________ (finish).
facing
finished
仿写下列句子。
1) 他头枕着胳膊睡着了。
2) 有这么多盘子要洗，我不能出去了。
He was asleep with his head on his arms.
I can’t go out with so many dishes to wash.
5. A metal key was attached to the string.
细绳上绑着一把金属钥匙。
attach v. to fasten, join or connect; to place or fix in position
系; 绑; 贴; 固定; 连接; 附上
to consider sth have that quality 认为……有（重要性、价值、意义等）
attach to 把……系在……上，把……附在……上
attach great importance/significance/value to 重视
eg The hospital is attached to the famous medical school.
We need to attach great importance to protecting our environment.
attached adj. 依恋；依附于
be attached to 附属于；依恋/ 爱慕……
attachment n. 连接；附属物，附件；依恋，爱慕
eg He is so attached to the network games that he often missed the classes.
Infants may form attachments to any caregiver.
Please find my application letter and resume (简历) in the attachment.
attach, join与connect
词条 用法 例句
attach “系上；缚上；附加；连接”，指把局部接在整体上面、小的接在大的上面、活动的接在固定的上面 We used paste to attach our designs to the poster.
join “连接，联结”，侧重把原来不相连的物体紧密地连接在一起，但仍可再分开；也指把分散的人联合起来，或加入某团体中去 It has a dormer roof joining both gable ends.
connect “连接，联结”，指使两事物在某一点上相连接，二者有联系但彼此又保持独立；有时可与join替换使用 Connect the hose to the tap and turn on the tap.
【语境应用】单句语法填空。
1) I will attach a document ______ the letter. Please sign it and mail it back to me as soon as possible.
用attach, join与connect的适当形式填空。
2) The opened link is used to ________ the two ends of the chain(链条).
3) I cannot _________ the two things in my mind.
4) A horse was _______ to a post.
to
join
connect
attached
approach n. a method of doing something or dealing with a problem 方法, 途径
movement towards or near to something
靠近; 接近
an approach to (doing) sth ……的方法；通往……的道路
at the approach of… 在接近……的时候
the approach of… ……的来临
6. More than one generation of schoolchildren has been amazed by his bravery and his scientific approach to looking for the truth.
数代的学生都叹服于他的勇气和寻找真理的科学方法。
approach v. to move towards or nearer to someone or something 走近，靠近，接近
to begin to deal with a situation or problem
对付，处理
eg The hunter was curiously approaching, but we still can’t decide where to go.
It might be possible to approach the problem in a different way.
eg As the final exam approaches, we are busy preparing for it.
They are trying to find new approach to solving their conflicts.
At the approach of the interview, he became rather nervous and upset.
【语境应用】单句语法填空。
1) The best approach to _________ (build) up your body is to do exercise every day.
2) The approach _________ winter brings cold weather.
3) We have found a new approach _________ the study of English.
4) Many kinds of birds fly south _________ the approach of winter.
building
of
to
at
approach, way, means, method与manner
词条 用法
approach 指待人接物或思考问题的方式、方法或态度，常见于短语the approach to sth/ doing sth中
way 使用范围很广，但较多地用在具体的事情上或口语中，常见于in this way, the way to do sth, the way of doing sth等短语中
means 指实现目的的任何手段，或采用某种交通工具，常见于by means of等短语中
method 指有条理的、系统的方法，特别指新的方法，常见于短语the method of (doing ) sth中
manner 指特殊的或独特的方式、方法，与行为、动作有关
7. Franklin, along with many other scientists, has inspired us and taught us that scientific experiments are important in order to establish the truth and to contribute towards later scientific discoveries and inventions.
富兰克林与许多其他科学家一道，激励并教导我们科学实验对于推定真理与推动后来的科学发现及发明而言都至关重要。
当主语后有along with引导的短语时，谓语动词的数与主语保持一致。
that 引导的宾语从句，作taught的直接宾语。
in order to establish the truth和to contribute towards …是and连接的两个并列目的状语。
8. Although it has been proved that Franklin’s experiment took place. More than one scientist has questioned what really happened.
虽然已经证明富兰克林的实验发生了，但是不止一个科学家对实验真相提出了质疑。
take place: to happen, to occur, especially after previously being arranged or planned (根据计划或安排)发生
eg When does your wedding take place
The general strike took place in 1923.
take place, happen, occur, break out 与come about
词条 用法
take place 表示按照事先的安排或计划发生、进行，多指运动、变化、进步、会议或婚礼等
happen 指某事偶然发生，常带有未能预见的意思；
happen to常用来表示“遭到；遇到”
occur “发生；想起”Sth occurs to sb (=It occurs to sb that …) “某人突然想起某事”
break out 指战争、火灾、疾病等“突然爆发”
come about “发生，产生”，多指事情已经发生了，但还不知道为什么发生；常用于疑问句和否定句中，多与how连用
eg The disaster occurred/ happened at midnight, when most people were sleep.
So something bad happened to many people. Although an emergency rescue took place, yet some people were killed.
Do you know how the car accident came about
由place构成的其他短语
take the place of 代替(动词短语)
take one’s place 代替某人；就座
in place of 代替(介词短语)
in place 在正确位置；准备妥当
【语境应用】用happen, take place, occur, come about与break out的适当形式填空。
1) The idea ___________to him in a dream last night.
2) Great changes have ____________ in our city during the past ten years.
3) How did that situation __________
4) A big fire ___________ last night.
5) A bad accident _________ to that family.
occurred
taken place
come about
broke out
happened
9. Some have even questioned the story about the apple that fell on Newton’s head and led him to come up with his theory of gravity.
有个故事讲了牛顿的头被一个掉落的苹果砸中了，这让他提出了(万有) 引力定律。有些科学家甚至质疑这个故事(的真实性)。
come up with: to think of, to offer or to produce 想出或提出 (主意、计划、方案等)
eg She came up with a new idea for increasing sales.
“动词+up with”型的其他短语
put up with 容忍
catch up with 赶上
keep up with 跟上
end up with 以……结束
make up with 与……和好
【语境应用】用come up with, put up with, keep up with与end up with的适当形式填空。
1) My main reason for subscribing to New Scientist is to______________ advances in science.
2) The party held yesterday ______________a song.
3) It is surprising that he could ______________ such a perfect idea to improve the work.
4) I can’t ___________ her any more because she never stops complaining.
keep up with
ended up with
come up with
put up with
10. In fact, more than one account suggests that while Newton was certainly inspired by a falling apple, there is no proof that it hit him on the head.
事实上，不止一处资料显示，虽然牛顿的灵感确实来源于掉落的苹果，但没有证据表明这个苹果恰好砸在了他的头上。
account n. a written or spoken description that says what happens in an event or process 叙述，描写
an arrangement in which a bank keeps your money safe 账户
引导宾语从句
引导让步状语从句
引导同位语从句
give sb. an account of 向某人描述……
on account of 由于……
take account of =take …into account考虑到，顾及
open/close an account 开立/结清账户
eg I hope my teacher will take account of the fact that I was ill just before the exams when she marks my paper.
On account of his youth, he was not allowed to take the senior course.
【语境应用】选用方框内合适的短语并用其正确形式填空。
1) Flights were delayed two hours ___________ the thick fog.
2) The boy was asked _____________ his being late again.
3) We finally ______________ his suggestion.
account for 解释, 说明……的原因
account v. to give a satisfactory explanation 解释；说明
took account of
on account of
to account for
account for, on account of, take account of
eg Can you account for your movements on that night
Recent pressure at work may account for his behavior.