Unit 4 Friends forever Using Language grammar定语从句课件-2022-2023学年高一英语外研版必修第一册（共26张）

(共26张PPT)
Using language
新外研必修Book 1
Unit 4 Friends forever
Attributive clauses
例句分析 ：Harry Potter is a boy who has magic
power.
在复合句中，用来修饰名词或代词的从句就叫
做定语从句。这个从句在主句中充当定语成分。
被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。引导定语从句的词叫关系词，有关系代词和关系副词两类。定语从句不同于单词作定语的情况，它通常只能放在被修饰的词（即先行词）之后。
先行词
关系代词
定语从句
定义：
定语从句三要素
先行词
关系词（关系代词、关系副词）
关系词在定语从句中做成分（主，宾，表，定，状语）
eg.What if the only way of getting news from faraway friends was writing letters that took ages to be delivered
关系代词：
关系代词有：that, which, who, whom, whose
作定语
作主语、宾语、表语
指代人的有：who, whom, that
指代物的有：which, that
所属关系有：whose
例1 The man who helped you is Mr. White.
在从句中做主语,不能省略
例2 That is the person (whom/who/that) you
want to see.
例3 This is the book(that/which) I bought
yesterday.
在从句中做宾语，可省略
在从句中做宾语，可省略
关系代词的用法
关系代词在从句中可以：
何时可以省略？
做宾语时可以省略
关系词 先行词 在从句中充当的成分
that 人或物 主语，宾语，表语
which 物 主语，宾语
who 人 主语，宾语，表语
whom 人 宾语
whose 人或物 定语
关系代词
前看先行是人或物，后看从句有无宾主。
先行指物用that/which, 先行指人用whom/who.
whose通常作定语”….的”，人，物两者都兼顾。
物作先行that/which,人作先行that/whom/who。
作宾语都可省。
巧学妙记
Join the following sentences:
A plane is a machine. The machine can fly.
关系代词的实质
Join the following sentences:
A plane is a machine. The machine can fly.
A plane is can fly.
关系代词的实质
a machine
the machine
Join the following sentences:
A plane is a machine. The machine can fly.
A plane is can fly.
关系代词的实质
a machine
that /which
限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句
①限制性定语从句和主句之间不用逗号分开，
修饰主句中的某一个名词或名词词组或代词；
②非限制性定语从句常用逗号和主句隔开，可
以修饰先行词，也可修饰整个句
子。非限制性定语从句不能用that引导，引
导非限制性定语从句的关系词不能省略。
Tom, who was a student in America, wrote the book.
She came to the kitchen, where her mother was cooking.
I finished the book that I bought yesterday.
She failed in the exam again, which made her mother very angry.
Correct the mistakes
1.Under the big tree are 34 students,many of them come from class two.
2. My mother has a good book,
which cover looks terrible.
3. This is the very pen that you gave it
to me before.
4. There is an old woman, that is holding
a stick.
———
whom
———
whose
\
it
\
——
who
只用that不用which引导的场合
1. 当先行词既包括人又包括物时：
He talked about the men and the books that attracted him.
2. 指物的先行词被all, any, every, no, some, the only, the very（正是）, the right, the last等限定词修饰时：
These are the very points that interest me.
3. 指物的先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时：
The first step that we are to take is very difficult.
只用that引导的场合
4. 先行词是指物的不定代词 all, little, few, much 及everything, anything, nothing, none, some等时：
There is still much that can be done about it.
5. 主句是who, which 引导的特殊疑问句：
Who that have seen him does not like him
只用which不用that引导的场合
1. 关系代词前有介词时：
This is the ring on which she spent 1000 dollars.
2. 先行词本身就是that 时：
What’s that which flashed in the sky just now
3. 在非限制性定语从句中（有逗号）：
The book, which he lost yesterday,
has been found.
“介词＋关系代词”用法
1. 介词的确定应依据定语从句中短语的习惯性搭配。
Who is the girl with whom you just shook
hands (shake hands with…是习惯性搭配)
He referred me to some reference books with which I am not very familiar.
2. 介词常受先行词的制约（即介词和先行词的搭配。
例：He built a telescope through which he
could study the skies. (through which 即
through the telescope)
“介词＋关系代词”用法
3. 当关系代词作“动词＋介词”固定短语的宾
语时，此时因短语中的介词不能拆开移到关
系代词前。
例：This is the watch which you're looking for.
whose 引导的定语从句
表示所属关系
The river _________ banks are covered with trees flows to the sea.
whose
Whose 的使用
In this class there are 20 students, ______ are different.
A.whose backgrounds
B. The backgrounds of whom
C.of whom the backgrounds
D.the backgrounds of whose
Whose 的使用
Whose+n.可以用the+n.+of+whom/which替代
Rewrite the underlined sentences with
that, which, who, whom, or whose.
1 Lucy is my friend who/
that has a hearing problem.
So I learnt a new language
which/that allows me to
''speak'' with my hands.
3 Lucy is a smart girl whose
ideas are always inspiring.
4 I sometimes have problems
(that/which) I can't solve.
5 Lucy is a good listener
(whom/who/that) I enjoy
sharing moments of my life
with.
Complete the online forum post with that,
which, who, whom, or whose.
that/which
whose
who/that
which/that
whom/who
Exercises
Complete the sentences with who, which, or whose.
The World Wide Fund for Nature is an
organization _______ aim is to protect wildlife.
2. A volunteer is someone ______ works without
being paid.
3. Animals _______ live on the Tibetan plain have to
survive in a hard climate.
4. The Tibetan antelope is an animal _______ wool
is worth a lot of money.
5. The shawls _______ were found in London had
just arrived from India.
whose
who
which
whose
which
Complete the sentences with of whom, to whom, for which or in which.
1. The region ________ the antelopes live is very
cold.
2. The volunteer _________ I spoke said conditions
were difficult.
3. Jiesang is a hero _________ we should be proud.
4. There are several animals __________ special
laws have been introduced.
in which
to whom
of whom
for which
* As 和which 引导非限制性定语从句的区别：
Which引导的从句与主句关系较密切，常放在主句之后；而as引导从句，可放在句首、句中或句尾。
Which既可代指先行词，又可代指整个主句的内容。相当于“and this” or “ and that”. 译为“这一点”。
　　而as 则只能代指整个主句的内容。译为“正如…..那样”，且已形成固定结构。　如：as is known, as is said, as is reported, as is often the case, as is expected. Etc.
eg. Einstein, as is known, is a famous scientist.
As is reported, China has become an important country in the world.
He didn’t come to attend the meeting, as is expected.
Bamboo is hollow, which makes it very light.
My son now goes to the school, which I used go to when I was a child.
Thank you!