小学升初中英语阅读理解解题指导与练习 (共20张PPT)

(共20张PPT)
小学英语阅读理解
解题技巧指导与练习
阅读理解题解题步骤
一．先看题目精确定位
　　小升初阶段的英语阅读题目本身难度不是特别大，但是对于速度要求和信息查找能力要求高。而且题目顺序一般是根据文章的顺序来编写的，所有题目的答案几乎就包含在文章中，而且是原封不动的话，只需要考生精确定位，找到答案所在的地方即可，因此如果想要在考试中做到不丢分，精确定位是必须努力加强的一种能力，只有这样才能拿到阅读的高分甚至满分。
Who came to this Holland town first
　 A. The English.
B. The American.
C. The Dutch.
　 原文定位：The people who first came to this small town were Dutch. These people brought many of their ways of living with them.
C
二．积累词汇 推测词意
　　阅读理解的文章中允许有一点比例生词，这会增加理解文章大意难度。想要在阅读理解不失分，平时一定要注意单词的积累，扩充单词量。考试时如果碰到不懂的单词，要根据上下文进行合理的猜测，还可以根据单词的构成进行猜测，比如说我们知happy是“高兴的”，那么unhappy就是“不高兴的”。
What does the underlined word “canal” mean
　　 A. 运河 B. 隧道 C. 水库
　原文出处 For example, these hard-working people built a canal to bring water from Lake Michigan to the town. It is just like the canals they have in their hometown.
A
三．通读全文 抓住中心
　　在阅读原文的时候第一遍不需要一字一字的看，一句一句的理解，这样比较耗时，也会影响对文章整体的把握和理解。如果遇到不认识的词，可以略过继续通读全文。要学会快速阅读，读完一遍能够大概明白文章讲了什么内容，在阅读的过程中还要注意抓住重点，即出现了哪些人物，提到了什么时间，说到了那个地点，发生了什么事情，这些关键词最好能用笔在原文中做个记号，因为后面的问题一般都和这些关键词相关。
阅读理解题解题技巧与方法（二）
小学阅读试题基本不需要过多的思考，就能在阅读文中找到所需信息，但是事实上学生的出错率却相对较高，这主要是因为没有掌握必要的阅读试题的解题技巧与方法。
一．阅读信息文中找
小学阶段的阅读试题答案，基本都能在所给的阅读文中找到所需信息。学生只需带着问题或关键词以寻读的方式，快速在文章中寻找所需信息，切记不可任凭自己的想象，随心所欲的回答。没有通过寻找关键词，在文章中寻找的方式，而是根据自己的猜测写出答案.
二．寻找信息的顺序性
　　一篇阅读文章之后的若干试题，通常依据自上而下的顺序出题。（当然也有个别例外）第一道题所需信息通常在文中的首段，学生只需在文章的第一部分寻找，第二题的信息，则无需从文章的开始浏览，只要从第一个信息之后寻读即可，后面的题依次往下寻找。最后一道题的信息，基本在文章的末段。了解了寻找信息的顺序性，学生无需花费较多的时间一遍又一遍通读全文，增加信息量，干扰阅读理解，影响做题速度。
三．如何快速寻找所需信息

在拿到一篇阅读试题时，大部分学生首先会不自觉地通读全文，甚至因思考文中的生词而花费较多的时间，然后再回到试题时，头脑中关于文章的信息已所剩无几。正确的方法是，首先仔细阅读试题，圈出试题中的关键词。 对于阅读文中的问答题，方法基本相同。首先找出问题中的关键词，然后带着关键词在文章中寻找答案。
试题Where are Tim and his friends
通常疑问词都是关键词，通过疑问词Where，知道所需信息是地点，同时根据另一关键词Tim, friends, 能过快速在文中找到：Tim and his friends are at the beach. At the beach 是地点单词，即我们所需的信息。
相信在掌握了以上阅读试题的解题技巧之后，并经过大量的阅读练习之后，你们的阅读能力与阅读水平一定会不断提高，同时也会提高学习英语的兴趣，增加自信。
Jim is eleven years old. He comes from London. He usually goes to school by subway. He is a baseball player. After school, he usually plays baseball. His father is a teacher. He goes to work early and gets back home late. He usually goes to work by bus. Sometimes he goes by bike. Jim and his father go to the nature every weekend.
( ) 1. Jim is ________ years old.
A. 11 B. 7 C. 10
( ) 2. Jim is an ________ boy.
A. American B. English C. Chinese
( ) 3. Jim often plays ________.
A. baseball B. basketball C. football
( ) 4. Jim’s father works in a ________.
A. hospital B. factory C. school
( ) 5. Jim’s father ________ early and gets back home late.
A. goes home B. goes to school C. goes to work
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________
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A
B
A
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C
It is Sunday today. There are a lot of people in the park. Some Young Pioneers are in the park, too. And they are having a good time there.
Some are playing cards under a big tree. Some are singing and dancing near the lake. Some are climbing（爬）the hill. Others are boating on the lake.
Where is Li Lei He is sitting near the lake. What’s he doing He is reading a book.
Where is Meimei Look! She is running after（追赶）a nice butterfly（蝴蝶）. She wants to catch it.
（ ）1. Who is the story mainly about
　　 A. Some students and teachers. B. Many old men.
　　 C. Many different people. D. Some Young Pioneers.
（ ）2. How many activities（活动）do the Young Pioneers have in the park
　　 A. 4. B. 3. C. 8. D. 6.
（ ）3. Where is Li Lei
　　 A. He’s sitting on the lake. B. He’s near the lake.
　　 C. He’s reading a book. D. He’s under a tree.
（ ）4. What does Meimei want to do
　　 A. She wants to catch a nice butterfly. B. She is running.
　　 C. She is running after a nice butterfly. D. She wants to run.
（ ）5. Which of the following is NOT TRUE
　　 A. The Young Pioneers don’t have classes today.
　　 B. Some of them are playing chess under a tree.
　 C. There are some Young Pioneers climbing the hill.
　　 D. Li Lei is reading a book by the lake.
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D
B
A
B
阅读理解题型
一. 判断正误
对于阅读试题中的判断正误题，相对比较简单，但学生的出错率仍然较大，究其原因，学生不懂判断的方法，通常是读完试题之后，凭着自己对阅读文章的大致印象判断。事实上判断试题与选择、填空的做题方法基本一致，仍需找出试题中的关键词，带着关键词，在文中寻找所需信息，然后仔细判断是否与文中信息一致，如一致则正确，反之错误。
What Am I
I was born （出生）in a small river. When I was young, the river was my home. I did not know my father or mother, but I had many, many brothers and sisters. I swam and played with them.
At that time I did not look like my father or mother. I had no legs, but I had a long tail（尾巴）. So I looked like a fish.
Then my tail became shorter and shorter（变得越来越越短）. And now I have four legs and a very short tail.
I know I'm going to have no tail at all soon（不久）. I'm going to be like my father and mother. Then I'm going to jump out of the water. I'm going to live on the land（陆地）and in the water too. I'm going to eat a lot of insects（昆虫）--- a lot of bad insects.
What an I
( ) 1. The river was my home when I was born.
( ) 2. I had no father or mother, but I had many brothers and sisters.
( ) 3. I was a fish when I was young.
( ) 4. I'm going to look like my father and mother.
( ) 5. I'm an insect.
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T
F
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F
T
F
1
二、 回答问题
这类题目的难度最大，不仅考查学生的阅读能力，还考查学生的写的能力，这是读写结合。在答题时，要先阅读所给的问题，这些问题无非是一般疑问句或特殊疑问句。但要注意回答问题的完整性，尽量不要只写Yes或No。而特殊疑问句不可以用Yes或No来回答，抓住特殊疑问词，切不可答非所问。同时，注意句子的完整性、语法的准确性、单词的拼写、主语的变化以及动词的时态等。
The Crow (乌鸦)and the Fox
A crow is sitting in a big tree. She has a big piece of meat in her mouth. "My babies will have a nice breakfast, " she thinks.
An old fox is looking for （寻找）his breakfast. He sees the crow and the meat. "How can I get that piece of meat " he thinks.
"Good morning, Mrs. Crow, " says the fox very sweetly. "How are you ",
But the crow doesn't say a word.
"You are very nice babies, Mrs. Crow," says the fox very sweetly. "How are they May I see them "
Still（仍然）, the crow doesn't say a word.
"You are very beautiful, Mrs. Crow. And you have a beautiful voice（声音）too, " says the fox very, very sweetly. "Will you sing a song for me "
Mrs. Crow thinks, "How nice Mr. Fox is! I must sing him a song. " So she opens her mouth, "Caw! Caw!（乌鸦的叫声）" Down drops （掉下）the meat into the fox's mouth.
1. What does the crow have in her mouth
_____________________________________________________________
2. What is the old fox looking for
_____________________________________________________________
3. The fox says "Good morning" to the crow. Does the crow say anything
_____________________________________________________________
4. Why does the crow open her mouth
_____________________________________________________________
5. Who gets the meat at last（最后）
_____________________________________________________________
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No, she doesn't
The fox is looking for breakfast.
The crow has a piece of meat in her mouth.
Because she wants to sing a song for the fox.
The fox gets the meat at last.
三、选择正确答案
选择类的阅读理解的出题考点一般有：
细节题——这类题往往是最简单的，学生只需根据题目意思，定位到细节出现找到答案；
主旨大意题——这类题需要让学生归纳总结全文、某段的中心思想或选择文章的标题。在完成这类题目时要抓住关键词和关键句；
推理题——这类题是让学生推测后文即将提到的内容，学生在做这类题时要理解全文并找出提示，提示往往在结尾处出现。
Look at the building over there. This is ours. There are 45 rooms in it. The boys are on the first and the second floor. The girls are on the third and the fourth floor. There are four beds, two desks and three chairs in each room. There are three lights in each room. We are very happy. We like our teachers and school.
( ) 1. Do they like their school
A. Yes, they are. B. Yes, they do C. No, they don't
( ) 2. How many children are there in their school
A. We don't know. B. There are 500 C. About 500
( ) 3. How many floors are there in the building
A. There are two. B. There are three C. There are four.
( ) 4. How many chairs are there in each room
A. There are two B. There are three C. There are many
( ) 5. How many rooms are there in the building
A. There are fourteen B. There are forty-five
C. There are forty
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B
Ann is Sam’s sister. She doesn’t have any children. She is only twenty-four. And she doesn’t live in England. She lives in Italy. She works in a travel agency (旅行社) in Rome. She doesn’t get up early. She goes to work at 10:00. She doesn’t have breakfast. She has a hamburger and a glass of apple juice for lunch. She goes home at 7:00. She likes her job a lot. And she’d like to have dinner with her family. At weekends she meets her good friends. Sometimes she goes to France to visit her grandparents with Sam. She thinks her family is happy. She loves her family.
( )1. Ann lives in _________.
A. England B. France C. Italy
( )2. Ann works in ________ in Rome.
A. a hospital B. a travel agency C. a school
( )3 What does Ann have for breakfast
A. A hamburger B. A glass of apple juice C. Nothing
( )4. Ann’s grandparents live in ________.
A. England B. France C. Italy
( )5. What does she think of her family
A. It’s not good. B. It’s happy. C. It’s small

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C
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B