名词所有格用法解析及练习题
一、名词所有格的概念
名词所有格是表示名词之间所属关系的一种形式,简单来说,就是用来表明 “谁的” 东西。例如 “小明的书”,这里 “小明的” 就是用名词所有格形式来体现书的所属者是小明。在英语里,有多种方式来构成名词所有格。
二、名词所有格的形式及用法
(一)’s 所有格
用于有生命的名词
一般情况下,在单数名词后直接加 “’s”。比如:
The boy’s bag is over there.(这个男孩的书包在那边。)
My mother’s car is very nice.(我妈妈的汽车很漂亮。)
以 -s 结尾的复数名词,只在词尾加 “’”。例如:
The students’ desks are new.(学生们的课桌是新的。)
The teachers’ office is on the second floor.(老师们的办公室在二楼。)
不以 -s 结尾的复数名词,还是要加 “’s”。像:
The children’s toys are everywhere.(孩子们的玩具到处都是。)
The women’s clothes in this shop are very fashionable.(这家商店里女士的衣服很时尚。)
用于表示时间、距离、国家、城市等无生命的名词
时间方面:
today’s news(今天的新闻)
tomorrow’s meeting(明天的会议)
an hour’s drive(一小时的车程)
距离方面:
ten minutes’ walk(十分钟的步行路程)
two kilometers’ distance(两公里的距离)
国家、城市等:
China’s history(中国的历史)
Beijing’s streets(北京的街道)
表示两者或多者共同拥有与各自拥有
表示两者或多者共同拥有某事物时,只在最后一个名词后加 “’s”。例如:
Lucy and Lily’s mother is a doctor.(露西和莉莉的妈妈是一名医生。说明露西和莉莉是同一个妈妈)
Tom, Jack and Mike’s classroom is very clean.(汤姆、杰克和迈克的教室非常干净。表明他们共用一个教室)
表示两者或多者各自拥有某事物时,每个名词后都要加 “’s”。比如:
Lucy’s and Lily’s bags are different.(露西的书包和莉莉的书包不一样。说明她们各自有自己的书包)
Tom’s, Jack’s and Mike’s books are on the desk.(汤姆的书、杰克的书和迈克的书都在桌子上。意味着他们各自的书)
名词所有格所修饰词的省略现象
表示诊所、店铺或某人的家等地点名词,其名词所有格后的被修饰语常常省略。例如:
I went to the doctor’s (office) yesterday.(我昨天去了诊所。)
She is at the tailor’s (shop).(她在裁缝店。)
We will go to my uncle’s (house) this weekend.(我们这个周末要去我叔叔家。)
名词所有格所修饰的词,如果前面已经提到过,往往可以省略,以免重复。比如:
This is not my book. It’s Tom’s (book).(这不是我的书。是汤姆的书。book 前文已提,此处可省)
Whose pen is this It’s Lucy’s (pen).(这是谁的钢笔?是露西的钢笔。pen 省略)
(二)of 所有格
用于无生命的名词:这是 of 所有格最常见的用法。比如:
the legs of the table(桌子的腿)
the cover of the book(书的封面)
the name of the city(城市的名字)
用于名词化的词:所谓名词化的词,就是一些原本不是名词,但在特定语境中当作名词使用的词。例如:
the rich(富人),可以说 the life of the rich(富人的生活)
the poor(穷人),如 the situation of the poor(穷人的状况)
当修饰词较多时:用 of 所有格会使句子结构更清晰。例如:
the very big and beautiful house of the old man in the village(村子里那位老人的又大又漂亮的房子)
表示有生命的东西的名词:有时也可以用 of 所有格,特别是当这个名词有较长的修饰语时。比如:
the children of the family who live next door(住在隔壁那家的孩子们)
某些 of 所有格和 ’s 所有格可以互换:但意思可能会有细微差别。例如:
the son of a poor peasant = a poor peasant’s son(一个贫农的儿子),这里意思基本相同。
但 an old woman’s story(一个老妇人自己的故事,老妇人是故事的讲述者或主角)和 the story of an old woman(关于一个老妇人的故事,老妇人不一定是讲述者)意思不同。
(三)双重所有格
形式:“名词 + of + 名词性物主代词” 或 “名词 + of + ’s 所有格”。例如:
a friend of mine(我的一个朋友),这里 mine 是名词性物主代词。
a book of Tom’s(汤姆的一本书),Tom’s 是 ’s 所有格形式。
意义:双重所有格通常表示部分观念,即全体中的一部分。比如 a friend of mine 意味着我有很多朋友,他只是其中之一。与指示代词连用时,常带有感彩。例如:
Look at that beautiful picture of yours.(看看你那张漂亮的照片。这里带有赞赏的感情)
I don’t like this big house of my uncle’s.(我不喜欢我叔叔的这所大房子。带有不满的感情)
注意事项:不定冠词、数词、某些不定代词(some, any, many, no, few 等)以及 which 等限定词,一般不与形容词性物主代词或 ’s 所有格等一起放在名词前修饰名词,而采用 of 所有格或双重所有格形式。例如:
不能说 some my books,要说 some books of mine 或 some of my books。
不能说 which his pen,要说 which pen of his 或 which of his pens。
三、练习题
(一)用所给名词的适当形式填空
This is __________ (Tom) bike.
The __________ (students) classroom is very bright.
March 8th is __________ (woman) Day.
It’s about ten __________ (minutes) walk from my home to the school.
That is the __________ (teacher) office.
The __________ (children) toys are in the box.
These are __________ (Lucy and Lily) bags.
This is a photo of __________ (my father).
The __________ (cat) tail is long.
It’s __________ (today) newspaper.
(二)单项选择
This is __________ room. They like it very much.
A. Lucy and Lily
B. Lucy’s and Lily’s
C. Lucy and Lily’s
—Is this your ruler —No, it’s not mine. It’s __________.
A. her
B. hers
C. she
Look at the photo. The girl beside __________ is me.
A. he
B. his
C. him
This is a photo of __________. I look very happy in the photo.
A. I
B. me
C. my
The woman over there is __________ mother.
A. Julia and Shelley’s
B. Julia’s and Shelley’s
C. Julia and Shelley
It’s only five __________ walk from the park to the hotel.
A. minute
B. minutes
C. minutes’
She is a friend of __________.
A. Mary’s mother
B. Mary’s mother’s
C. mother of Mary
Look at that long nose of __________.
A. Jack
B. Jacks
C. Jack’s
—Whose books are these —They are __________.
A. the twins
B. the twins’
C. twin’s
This is __________ eraser and that is __________ ruler.
A. a; an
B. an; a
C. an; an
(三)句型转换
This is Lily’s dress.(对划线部分提问)
__________ dress is this
The book is Tom’s.(改为同义句)
This is __________ __________.
Those are their boxes.(改为单数句)
That is __________ __________.
It is Lucy and Lily’s bedroom.(改为一般疑问句)
__________ __________ Lucy and Lily’s bedroom
The boy under the tree is my brother.(对划线部分提问)
__________ __________ is your brother
四、答案
(一)用所给名词的适当形式填空
Tom’s
students’
Women’s
minutes’
teacher’s
children’s
Lucy and Lily’s
my father’s
cat’s
today’s
(二)单项选择
C
B
C
B
A
C
B
C
B
B
(三)句型转换
Whose
Tom’s book
his/her box
Is it
Which boy